Natalia Zorina
The use of simulators in physical education and health work with children preschool age
Preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation, which determines the health of the nation, the level of welfare and stability of society, its future is one of the main priorities of modern state social policy in Russia.
Data from various studies show that recently the number of healthy preschoolers decreased by 5 times and is only 10% of the contingent of children entering school.
With what stock of health children will enter adulthood depends largely on the effectiveness of joint work of teachers and families. The state of health of children, their upbringing and education are inextricably linked with each other. Within the walls of an educational institution, in the process of acquiring knowledge, children spend most of their time. Therefore, today the education system of Russia is faced with important task to preserve the health of children, the formation of their skills healthy lifestyle life, motivation to be healthy, education of a general culture of health, creation of conditions for a health-saving educational environment, introduction into the educational process effective health forming technologies. The solution of these problems is impossible without the search for new effective and diverse forms physical culture and health work capable of not only increasing physical fitness but also to develop the mental abilities of the child.
Promotes increased motor activity use of simulators in preschool age. Classes on simulators interesting and accessible to older children preschool age. Modern simulators are small, easy to install, aesthetic and hygienic. They are adjustable to allow use them with children different physical training.
Working with children on the use of simulators lined up in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the author N. Ch. Zheleznyak "Classes on simulators in kindergarten » . Considering guidelines this author and that list simulators, which is available in the DOW, was a long-term plan for working with older children has been developed, which is implemented in kindergarten through GCD and independent activities of children.
Exercises on simulators improve coordination of movements, strengthen the articular apparatus, improve the flexibility of the spine, develop rib cage improves posture. The work of instructors on the use of simulators include a variety exercises: hanging, rope climbing, gymnastic wall, rope ladder, disk exercises, sports complexes. Job is carried out in subgroups, children are engaged without shoes, in socks.
It is important that children acquire certain motor skills, learn how to independently use simulators mastered the techniques of insurance. Trainers can be used in physical education classes and in independent motor activity of children, taking into account the level of their physical fitness and individual capabilities. With protozoa simulators can be used by children from 3 years old. WITH children 5-7 years GCD for physical culture advisable to carry out using simulators as the simplest, and complex device. children in this age are able to analyze their actions, control their well-being, show their physical abilities - strength, agility, endurance.
Starting exercises on simulators, should gradually move from the most simple exercises to more difficult exercises.
With protozoa we work with simulators all the time, they are convenient in use do not take up much space, they can be carried. TO simulators the simplest type relate:
health disk.
Children's dumbbells, weights.
Massage mat.
Children's expander.
Small ball - massager.
The big ball is a massager.
Gymnastic balls and more. others
simulators complex devices have an attractive appearance, thereby encouraging children to motor activity, which creates the prerequisites for more diverse motor activities; introduce elements of novelty into the educational process, satisfy the need of children in movement.
Complex device simulators:
exercise bike"Bike".
Mini twist.
Mini trampoline.
Power training apparatus.
Running on the waves.
Upper pull.
Lower pull.
Rope-ladder
Children's sports simulators allow:
Conduct group sessions with children and use them in independent motor activity.
Diversify physical exercise, locally affecting individual muscle groups;
Develop children's creativity;
Turn classes into an interesting and varied game.
One of the important requirements for the selection of equipment is to ensure the safety of children when using it. use. Each allowance must be stable and durable, have good mounts and for the prevention of injuries gymnastic mats.
Methodology use of simulators different kind suggests following:
Permission to practice simulators should be only after the doctor determines the state of health of children and the level of their functional and physical fitness. In doing exercises for simulators almost all children attending preschool are allowed. Absolute contraindications for exercise with use of simulators are: chronic and acute diseases of the kidneys, respiratory organs, heart disease.
At work with simulators must comply with the basic principles:
The principle of consistency and systematic.
Consistency in teaching children, selection and combination of new material with repetition and consolidation of what has been learned, distribution of physical activity on the child's body, with a gradual increase in the load due to an increase in dosage and intensity work on simulators;
Accounting principle age and individual characteristics of children
Take into account indicators of the level of development physical qualities child;
3. Principle health-improving orientation, which provides optimization of motor activity, health promotion, improvement of the physiological and psychological functions of the body.
To implement an individually differentiated approach, children should be divided into two subgroups, taking into account the main criteria for the state of health.
First subgroup. These are children with the first and second health groups (high and average level physical fitness)
Second subgroup. It includes children with the second and third health groups (often ill, with a low level of motor activity and poor physical fitness). Such a distribution helps to implement an individually differentiated approach and conduct classes that differ in the amount of physical activity, methods and techniques.
The basic principle of construction work with children on simulators is the development of physical qualities and physical activity of the child. Time work on one simulator takes 1-2 minutes starts with simple exercises.
Structure work on simulators meets the basic requirements of the program for older children preschool age. As the child learns simulator the complexity of the exercises, the load increases.
Teaching children to exercise on sports simulators goes through the following steps.
At the first stage, the following tasks:
1. introduce children to simulators(description of each specific simulator, name, purpose)
2. create a holistic view of the movement on the data simulators(showing and explaining the exercise on each of the available simulators)
3. start learning the movements (independent reproduction of actions on simulator)
Thanks to the sequence, children form a connection between the visual image, words, and muscle sensations.
At the second stage - in-depth learning of actions, at each specific simulator tasks are to clarify the correctness of the actions, correct existing errors and achieve correct execution actions in general.
During the training, attention should be paid to the correctness of their actions, and encourage children.
At this stage work there is a need to show and explain actions. For this show, you can attract children who perform this action well, correctly. This activates the learning process.
At the third stage of training, the main task is to consolidate and improve the technique of exercises on simulators, encouraging children to independently perform movements and creating opportunities for their use in life (for example, on simulator"Bike" You can teach your child to ride a bike.
At this stage, children can be offered individual cards with a schematic representation of one or more simulators which children study individually, which significantly reduces the time for explanations (which simulator work) .
Classes are mainly subject-based, playing techniques are used, it is proposed to perform imitative movements, For example: "Race of cyclists" - riding on exercise bike, "Air gymnasts" - exercises on gymnastic rings, "Jumpers" - trampolining, etc.
Each lesson includes exercises with simple and complex simulators and techniques are used circuit training .
Circular training- effective enough for this type of activity. Essence circular training is that an individual child exercises consistently on each simulators, and the complexity of movements and the degree of load are offered depending on its individual characteristics and physical capabilities. Beyond circular GCD training is used traditional ways of organizing preschoolers to carry out basic movements: frontal and flow, involving the performance of one movement or exercise by all children simultaneous or sequential execution of several movements one after another.
Quantity used simulators depends on the tasks set for physical culture (from 4-7 simulators) .
Construction structure work with the use of children's sports simulators traditional and includes introductory, main and final parts.
1. Stage I. Introductory part.
Preparing the body for physical activity
At the beginning, a small warm-up is carried out, with a total duration of up to 3-5 minutes: walking at a different pace, turning into a run, continuous running for no more than two minutes, general developmental exercises.
2. II stage. Main part.
Outdoor switchgear with and without items.
The main part includes exercises for simulators duration - from 3 to 5 minutes, every minute the children are offered a rest for 30 - 40 seconds. Children perform elements of self-massage, relaxation exercises, restoration of breathing (light stroking, patting, finger gymnastics, psycho-gymnastic studies, as well as relaxation exercises that were learned in previous activities.
After work on each simulator exercises are carried out to relax, restore breathing, then the children move on to the next training apparatus. During work on simulators may include flexibility exercises, are used acrobatic exercises ("birch", "bridge", "swallow").
At every lesson used as familiar to children and new movements. It is important to alternate exercises so that the load in the movements following each other does not fall on the same muscle groups.
In the process of performing exercises, it is necessary to monitor the state of health of children, to prevent overload.
The physical culture instructor determines the individual load, monitors the implementation of the rules of safe use of simulators.
3. Final part (3-4 min)
In the final part with children sedentary games are held, a set of relaxation exercises, during which children perform a variety of relaxation movements.
Work with simulators should be done up to two times week: one in the morning (include in the lesson plan, the second can be in the afternoon (instead of gymnastics after daytime sleep) and independent activities.
As a result of ongoing work with simulators children not only improve their general physical fitness, but also improve their health in general.
Baby simulators- the path to a healthy childhood and success in adulthood.
Approximate exercises on simulators for children 4-7 years old
Application to the program "KREPYSH"
Prepared by: Varentsova Marina Vladislavovna instructor in physical culture of the MADOU d/s No. 39 of the combined type of the city of Tyumen. This application useful and interesting for teachers additional education, physical education instructors."Draught vertical"
Helps to strengthen and train the muscles of the back, arms, shoulder girdle. Recommended for stoop, round back, flat back, sluggish posture.
1. I.p.: sitting facing the simulator, arms up, hands with an overhand grip, legs bent at an angle of 90o, feet on the floor shoulder-width apart.
Bend your arms to your chest, elbows down, look forward.
2. I.p.: the same.
Bend your arms to your shoulders, elbows to the sides, bring your shoulder blades together.
3. I.p.: sitting with your back to the simulator, arms up, legs bent at an angle of 90o, feet on the floor shoulder width apart.
Bend your arms, bar behind your head (on the shoulder blades), elbows to the sides, look forward.
"Rowing"
Helps to strengthen and train the muscles of the body, abdominals, upper shoulder girdle. Recommended for flat back, sluggish posture.
1. I.p.: sitting facing the simulator, arms forward - down, hands on the bar, legs half-bent, feet resting on the crossbar.
Straighten up, arms straight.
2. I.p.: the same.
At the same time, straighten the torso and bend the arms, hands to the stomach.
3. I.p.: the same.
At the same time, straighten the torso and bend the arms, hands to the shoulders.
"Inclined bench"
Develops the abdominal muscles that flex the spine. Recommended for stoop, flat back.
Lying on your back, on a bench, the legs are fixed by the holders.
1. Bend the torso, hands on the belt.
2. Arms along the body.
3. Hands to the shoulders.
"Support bench"
Develops the muscles that extend the spine, strengthens the muscles of the lower back, abdominals. Recommended for stoop, flat back.
1. I.p.: lying on the stomach, the torso is bent, hands on the belt.
Unbend the torso, torso and legs in one line, elbows to the sides.
2. I.p.: lying on the stomach, the torso is bent, arms up.
Hands to the shoulders, straighten the torso.
3. I.p.: lying on the stomach, the torso is bent, arms up.
Arms bent forward - up, fingers on fingers in front of the head, straighten the torso.
"Support bars"
Strengthens the abdominal muscles. Recommended for round back, flat-concave, scoliotic posture.
Standing on the handrail, firmly press the lower back against the back of the simulator, hands rest on the forearms, grip the holders with your hands.
1. Bend your knees.
2. Raise straight legs at an angle of 90o.
"Mini trampoline"
Develops dexterity, speed, coordination of movements, prevention of flat feet.
1. Low jumps.
2. High jumps.
3. Walking with your knees high.
4. Jumps.
5. Jumping with dumbbells.
6. Jumping with tasks for hands.
7. Jumping with turns left - right.
8. Jumping in order to get an object suspended above the head.
9. Jumping from a trampoline to a mat.
10. Jumping from a trampoline to a cube.
11. Jumping from the cube to the trampoline.
12. Jumping from the cube to the trampoline and mat.
"Treadmill"
Improves cardiovascular and respiratory systems, develops coordination of movements, endurance, strengthens the muscles of the legs.
1. I.p.: standing, one foot on the floor, the other on the track.
Scroll the tape with one foot (alternate left and right legs)
2. Walking in the footsteps.
3. Walking with a change of pace.
4. Running in alternation with walking.
5. Running with a change of pace.
6. Walking with closed eyes.
7. Walking backwards.
"Exercise bike"
Strengthens and trains the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, strengthens the muscles of the legs, develops endurance. Recommended for sluggish posture, scoliosis, flat-concave back.
Pedaling at a given speed.
« Strength trainer»
Strengthens the muscles of the arms, chest, legs.
1. I.p.: lying on your back, feet on a stand.
Take the bar with a direct grip at a distance slightly wider than your shoulders, lowering your elbows, raise it above you, straightening your arms, lower the bar to your chest.
2. I.p.: lying on the stomach, feet under the emphasis of the simulator.
Raise your legs with weights.
"Mini Twist"
1. I.p.: feet shoulder width apart, hands on the handles.
Make foot movements to the right - to the left.
2. I.p.: standing with one foot on the disk (the other is bent). Alternate legs.
Perform rotational movements to the left - to the right.
3. I.p.: standing on the disk on all fours, lean your hands on the frame.
Rotate right - left.
4. I.p.: feet shoulder width apart.
Push off the handle and begin to rotate in a circle to the right - to the left.
"Gymnastic ball (inflatable)"
Allow to create optimal conditions For right position trunk, harmonious training and strengthening of the main muscle groups and the vestibular apparatus. It is recommended for violations of the musculoskeletal system, posture and muscle tone.
1. I.p.: sitting on the ball, legs apart, arms down, hold the ball with your palms.
Light swaying on the ball up and down, without taking your feet off the floor.
2. I.p.: sitting on the ball.
Perform movements of the pelvis back and forth, left and right, without bouncing. Lower your hands, lightly hold the ball with your palms.
3. I.p.: sitting on the ball, hands to the shoulders.
Hands to the sides, slightly bouncing on the ball.
4. I.p.: lying on the stomach, legs and arms on the floor.
“Stepping over” with our hands, we step forward, roll with the body to the “feet on the ball” position.
5. I.p.: lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, resting on the foot.
Tilt your head back, spread your arms to the sides, relax your muscles.
6. I.p.: the same.
Bend into the "bridge" position and at the same time stretch one leg forward - up.
7. I.p.: lying on the stomach, legs and arms on the floor.
Raise your shoulders up, spread your arms to the sides, bend at the waist.
Expander
Develops the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
1. I.p .: legs together, expander at the level of the hips.
Slowly raise your arms forward - up, stretching the expander.
2. I.p.: legs slightly apart, expander at chest level.
Raise your hands, stretch the expander, swing your right (left) leg.
3. I.p.: sitting, legs apart, expander on the hips.
Lean forward, stretch the expander, trying to hook on the socks.
4. I.p.: lying on the stomach, arms up.
Stretch the expander and lift the torso.
5. I.p.: feet shoulder-width apart, right (left) hand and foot on the handles of the expander.
Pull the expander up, lean to the left (right).
"Mini Stepper"
1. I.p.: standing on the pedals, hands on the handrails.
Perform alternating lowering and raising the pedals, under your own weight.
2. Walking with tasks for hands.
3. Walking, hands behind the back.
4. Walking with a change of pace.
"Disk health"
Strengthens the muscles of the trunk and legs, develops coordination of movements, trains vestibular apparatus.
1. I.p.: standing on all fours, resting your hands (or feet) on the disk.
Move in a circle, sway left - right.
2. I.p.: standing with one foot on the disk (the other on the floor).
Rotate left - right.
3. I.p.: standing with one foot on the disk.
Push off with the other foot from the floor, rotate in a circle.
4. I.p.: standing with two feet on the disk.
Rotate left - right.
5. I.p.: sitting in Turkish.
6. I.p.: kneeling.
Pushing off the floor with your hands, rotate left - right.
7. I.p.: standing on two disks, hands on the belt.
Make rotational movements of the legs to the right - to the left.
8. I.p.: standing on two legs, lean forward and grasp the support with your hands.
Rotate the disk with your feet to the left - to the right.
"Rubber Ring"
Develops the muscles of the hands.
1. I.p.: o.s.
Raise your arms to the sides, squeeze the rings.
2. I.p.: legs slightly apart, arms laid back.
Sit down, hands forward - up, squeeze the rings ("Sh-Sh-Sh")
3. I.p.: sitting, rings are worn on the big toes.
Raise your legs and keep an "angle".
"Roller gymnastic"
Strengthens the main muscle groups, develops the coordination apparatus.
1. I.p.: sitting, emphasis at the back, feet on the handles of the roller.
2. I.p.: standing on one leg, the other on the roller disk.
Roll the roller forward and backward.
3. I.p.: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, roller in hands.
Roll the roller forward - backward, right - left, do not bend your legs.
4. I.p.: lying on the stomach, roller in front on outstretched arms.
Lifting upper part torso, roll the roller under you.
5. I.p.: sitting, emphasis at the back.
Raise the roller, sandwiched between the feet or knees, with two legs.
6. Jumping over the roller, around.
7. I.p.: standing, roller in hands at hip level.
Stepping over the roller without unclenching your hands and without removing them from the roller.
Treadmill - massager "Hummingbird"
Strengthens the muscles of the legs, develops endurance.
1. Holding the handrail with both hands, imitate walking, running.
2. Holding the handrail with one hand, imitate walking, running.
3. Holding on to the handrail, climb to the top with a step and slide down.
4. Holding the rail with both hands at the bottom at the base, slide up and down in a half squat.
5. Climb up the path, go down stepping or sliding.
6. Holding the handrail with both hands in the middle, pulling and relaxing your hands, go up and down, sliding on the rollers.
Rope-ladder.
Gymnastic ladder, standard, fixed against the wall
Designed to improve climbing skills, develop the strength of the arms, shoulder girdle and torso, develop dexterity. It instills a sense of confidence and self-affirmation.
1. I.p .: standing facing the wall, legs on the lower rail, hands at chest level.
Squat ("half hang").
2. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the lower rail, hands as high as possible.
Lower your legs down ("hanging").
3. I.p.: standing facing the wall, legs on the lower rail, hands at chest level.
Alternate and simultaneous abduction of straight legs back.
4. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the bottom rail, hands as high as possible.
From the "hanging" swinging the legs to the left - to the right ("pendulum").
5. I.p.: standing with your back to the wall, hands on the rail just above the head, legs on the lower rail.
Bend forward ("arc").
6. I.p.: the same.
Alternately raise the legs bent at the knees.
7. I.p.: the same.
Alternately raise straight legs.
8. I.p.: standing with your back to the wall, feet on the floor.
Bend back, gradually intercepting the slats lower and lower (“bridge”).
9. I.p.: standing facing the wall, right (left) foot on the rail at a comfortable height.
Without bending your legs, lean towards her
10. I.p.: the same.
Squat lightly on the supporting leg several times.
Gymnastic rings
Strengthen the vestibular apparatus, develop dexterity, strength, coordination of movements, develop courage.
1. Rocking forward - backward.
2. Twisting - unwinding.
3. Pull up on your hands in order to get the rings with your chin.
4. Raise the legs bent at the knees.
5. Raise straight legs.
6. "Swing". Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then, alternately intercepting the ropes of the rings with your hands, pass your legs further - to the thigh. The child is sitting on a swing, it needs to be rocked.
7. "Bat". Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then, alternately releasing your hands. It turns out "hanging" on bent legs.
8. "Frog". Grabbing the rings with your hands, threading the feet into the rings so that the upper arch of the foot rests against the lower part of the ring, then the body bends down, and the head rises up.
9. "Ring". Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then alternately clasping your toes with your hands, bending.
10. Handstand. Grab the rings with your hands. Jumping up, stretch your legs up along the ropes, try to straighten your torso and legs, head down.
11. "Tumble". Grab the rings with your hands, slightly pulling up on your hands and at the same time jumping up, perform a back flip with bent legs.
12. "Rack on the rings." Perform the "swing" exercise and intercept your hands higher. Gradually taking the right (left) foot out of the ring, lean on it with the middle of the foot. Straighten your legs, keep your arms at chest level.
Presentation. Mathematics for children 5-7 years old "Forest school" Simulator game
Author: Likhovskikh Ruzigul Gardulloevna teacher KGKOU orphanage 18 p. Otradnoye, Vyazemsky district, Khabarovsk Territory.Description:
I bring to your attention a game-simulator, in mathematics for children 5-7 years old
"Forest School" using a PowerPoint presentation.
The use of multimedia accompaniments makes it possible to make the lessons emotionally colored, attractive, arouse a keen interest in learning in the child, they are a visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good effectiveness of the lesson.
The material will be useful for preschool teachers, teachers of additional education, elementary school teachers.
Goals:
1. Summarize the knowledge gained. Consolidate skills on the material covered: quantity and count within 5; identify geometric shapes.
2. To develop the perception and representation of children through the accumulation and expansion of sensory experience. Develop visual-effective and visual-figurative thinking by teaching the methods of mental actions (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, establishing cause-and-effect relationships).
3. Raise interest in mathematics, and the desire to work in a team.
Tasks:
1. Fix direct counting within 5, knowledge of numbers within 5, indicate the number of items with a number.
2. Continue to form spatial representations, the ability to navigate the screen.
3. To consolidate the ability to distinguish and name geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval).
4. Consolidate knowledge on the composition of the number.
5. Develop logical thinking, attention, memory.
6. Hardware and software:
Computer with PowerPoint 2010 installed;
Sound speakers;
Screen.
Explanatory note: Enable "slide show", "from the beginning".
By clicking on any area of the screen, the answer to the question appears.
We start the game.
Block 1: Repeat the numbers.
How many suns behind the clouds
How many refills are in a fountain pen
How many noses does an elephant have
How many watches are on your hand?
How many legs does a fly agaric have
And attempts at the sapper,
Knows and is proud of himself
Digit-column ... (unit)
How many ears on top
How many legs does a half frog have
How many mustaches does a catfish have
At the planet of the poles,
How many halves in total
In a pair of brand new shoes,
And the front paws of a lion
Only a number knows ... (two)
How many months in winter
In summer, in autumn, in spring,
How many eyes does a traffic light have
Baz on the baseball field
at the sports sword
And the stripes on our flag
Whatever anyone tells us
The number knows the truth ... (three)
... How many paws does a mongoose have,
Petals in a cabbage flower
Fingers on a chicken leg
And on the back paw of a cat,
Tanya's hand with Petya
And all sides in the world
Yes, and the oceans in the world,
The number knows ... (four)
How many fingers are on the hand
And a penny in a patch,
At the starfish rays,
The beaks of five rooks,
Blades near maple leaves
And the corners of the bastion
Tell about it all
The number will help us ... (five)
Butterflies and birds were the first to fly to the clearing!
How many butterflies and how many birds flew in? (five butterflies and 5 birds)
Then came the bunnies
How many rabbits are in the meadow? (4 bunnies)
Next came hedgehogs
How much do they eat in the meadow? (5 hedgehogs)
They were followed by frogs and mice
How many frogs and mice are in the clearing? (3 frogs and 2 mice)
And last came the fox and the bear
How many foxes and bears are in the clearing? (1 bear and 1 fox)
2 Block: geometric shapes
SQUARE
I am a figure - no matter where,
Always very smooth
All angles in me are equal
And four sides.
Cube is my favorite brother
Because I am a square.
RECTANGLE
My canvas is not square
It is rectangular!
I will draw on it
Various forms!
TRIANGLE
I'm under a triangular roof
I'll hide from the rain.
triangular roof,
Hide me quickly!
CIRCLE
Round ball and sun disk
Round shape too!
Roll the ball across the clearing,
And the circle can roll!
OVAL
The circle fell from a height.
It is no longer a circle - an oval!
It's oval like a beetle
He looks like a zucchini
On the eyes and on the potatoes,
It also looks like a spoon
On a nut and on an egg,
For an oval face!
What figures lie on the road? (oval, triangle, rectangle, square)
Animals came and took figurines
What figurines did the animals take?
And they built their own house!
What figures is the house built from?
And the last task:
Find 10 differences in the picture.
Well done boys.
"Forest School"
Presentation "Forest School" math simulator game for children 5-7 years old
“The use of children's simulators as effective remedy development of physical qualities "
MKDOU Kindergarten No. 12
Physical education instructor
Milennaya Elena Ivanovna
Physical Qualities
Flexibility- the ability of a person to perform exercises with a large amplitude. Flexibility is also the absolute range of motion in a joint or set of joints that is achieved in an instantaneous effort.
Rapidity- the ability of a person to perform a motor action in a minimum period of time for given conditions with a certain frequency and impulsivity: the main forms of manifestation.
Agility is the ability to quickly coordinate movements in accordance with a changing game situation.
Force- this is the ability to overcome a certain resistance or counteract it due to the activity of the muscles.
Endurance- is the ability to resist physical fatigue in the process of muscular activity.
From the history of simulators
The first simulators for the formation of motor skills appeared in antiquity. Even then, people sought to speed up learning using various devices. For example, in Ancient Rome gladiators worked out the technique of attack and defense against blows with the help of a structure consisting of several continuously rotating double-edged balls. In the Middle Ages, knights learned to wield a spear by attacking a target, which, with an accurate blow, fell, and with an inaccurate one, struck the knight swipe on the back. In the 19th century, springs and rubber stretchers were invented, preserved in various modifications to the present day.
Modern simulators
can be divided into physical culture and health, sports, medical and industrial and technical. In kindergarten, we use fitness and recreation simulators, which, when used systematically, are a reliable means of preventing hypodynamia and hypokinesia in children. Depending on the design of the simulator and, consequently, on the structure and nature of the movement itself, it turns out to be possible to develop mainly one or another motor quality on it. A clear target orientation of exercises on the simulator, the choice of the nature and method of their implementation allows you to control training process, avoiding overloads and complications, which is very important for physical education children.
The use of simulators makes it possible to ensure the formation in children of the correct ideas about the technique of complex motor actions. In addition, it provides a preliminary development of motor qualities that determine the success of their implementation. The importance of simulators in the classroom and in individual work with lagging behind children, as well as to increase the motor activity of children in their independent activities, which is about 70% of the time spent in a preschool institution.
Now in kindergarten Sport halls are actively provided with various simulators. Special sets of exercises are developed for them, depending on the purpose of the classes. It helps diversify physical education classes and reinforce motor activity child.
The main tasks in the organization educational activities
development of psychophysical qualities: strength, endurance, speed; help to strengthen muscles and maintain the overall tone of the body; education of endurance, organization and independence; Supporting interest in physical culture, instilling a healthy lifestyle.
Types of simulators used in working with preschoolers: the simplest simulators and complex devices. The simplest simulators are easy to use: they do not take up much space, they can be moved from one room to another.
Simulators of the simplest type:
· Gymnastics roller.
Health Disk.
· Children's dumbbells, weights.
· Massage mat.
· Children's expander.
Masseur "Hummingbird".
Small ball - massager.
Large ball - massager.
· Rubber ring.
· Gymnastic balls.
Complex device simulators:
exercise bike
"Bike".
· Mini-twist.
· Mini stepper.
Mini-trampoline.
· Power trainer.
· Running on the waves.
rowing.
· Rider.
· Treadmill.
· Bench.
Top pull.
· Drawbar lower.
Leg press (machine).
· Support bars.
exercise bike
Children's exercise bike is a great opportunity for training the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, develops endurance in children.
Children's simulator The trampoline brings a lot of joy to children and at the same time develops all muscle groups, as well as the vestibular apparatus, blood circulation improves, and immunity increases.
Balance Trainers
These simulators develop a sense of balance, contribute to the development of agility and strength. Such simulators, as a rule, consist of a block on which the child sits down or gets up. The block is mobile due to which the child needs to make efforts to maintain his balance. There are different models for children of different ages. The addition of these simulators with pedals complicate sports load requiring a lot of effort from the child. The simplest such simulators are discs - plates, which are distinguished by their compactness and reasonable price.
Stepper trainer
Stepper exercises simultaneously strengthen the legs and improve overall coordination. Pedals independent of each other imitate climbing stairs.
Treadmill
The simulator is designed to improve the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, to develop coordination of movement, to strengthen different muscles legs, endurance development.
Trainer rider.
Children's aerobic simulator for training in a playful way. Strengthens cardiovascular system, allows you to actively develop the muscles of the back (from the neck to the lower back), legs, shoulder girdle and abs.
Contraindications for the use of simulators:
Almost all children attending kindergartens are allowed to exercise on health simulators. Absolute contraindications for training with the use of simulators are:
Chronic and acute diseases of the kidneys, respiratory organs.
Most heart defects, significant myopia with a change in the fundus.
1. Simulators can be used in the main organized activity and in independent motor activity of children, taking into account the level of their physical fitness and individual capabilities.
2. Starting exercises on simulators, you should gradually move from the simplest to more complex exercises.
3. It is important to alternate exercises so that the load in the movements following each other does not fall on the same muscle groups.
4. In the process of performing exercises, it is necessary to monitor the state of health of children, to prevent overload. The dosage of exercises to choose, based on the degree of fitness of the body.
5. In order to cultivate independence and activity, it is advisable to offer children to invent exercises on the simulator themselves, based on their physical capabilities and level of motor skills.
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