IN sports section accepted teenager. Working with this age group has specific features. It is important to keep in mind that a teenager is not a copy of an adult.

Numerous scientific studies have shown that the activity internal organs and systems in him during puberty differs markedly from that in adulthood. Adolescence replaces the period of childhood, which is characterized by relatively calm and even growth in human development. During puberty there is a rapid development of the whole organism. Proof of this is a significant increase in height, weight, circumference chest and muscles, increased work of the heart, profound changes in the activity of the central nervous system, and especially in the activity of the gonads. This period lasts on average from 12 to 16 years. Adolescence is one of the main stages in a person's life on the way to the full flowering of his powers, when physical and functional capabilities are improved, personality and character are formed.

The organization of classes in school-preparatory groups is provided. As a rule, in an 11-12-year-old teenager it is very difficult to determine the ability to do weightlifting. It is known that peer adolescents often differ significantly from each other in the degree of puberty and, consequently, in physical development. Therefore, when selecting, it is important to take into account not the passport age, but the biological one. The degree of puberty is determined at the first medical and pedagogical examination of adolescents.

Experimental studies have shown that the greatest effect is obtained when the selection is made at school, and not in groups of children and youth. In addition, the desire to get into the central section of young weightlifters was one of the significant psychological incentives that contributed to the manifestation of their best physical and volitional capabilities.

Speed-strength capabilities were revealed with the help of long jumps and high jumps with a push with two legs, running 60 meters with maximum speed; flexibility and coordination - with the help of acrobatic exercises(forward somersault over an obstacle, performing a bridge by tilting back and through a handstand); dexterity - during wrestling matches, sports games. Particular attention in the training sessions was paid to such qualities as courage, determination, composure, purposefulness, perseverance, etc.

A variety of means from various sports created the necessary emotional climate, which plays an important role in training with teenagers.

IN special training included familiarization with the technique of performing a snatch and a push of the bar, as well as the use of special auxiliary exercises for the development of strength, speed-strength qualities and special endurance: squats, bends, lifting the bar to the chest and a jerk in the floor squat, push from the chest, bench press, squats in snatch grip.

Studies have shown that for teenagers of 11-12 years of age, the optimal weight is considered to be confidently lifted in a snatch or jerk at least 5-6 times in a row.

Volume training load per lesson amounted, without taking into account the exercises of the total physical training(OFP), an average of 40-50 barbell lifts (KPSh) of optimal weight (excluding the weight of the barbell lifted during the warm-up). For one exercise, 5-6 approaches and 3-4 lifts per approach were assigned.

So, classes in the school-preparatory group, in their content, are aimed at introducing adolescents from 11-12 years old to regular classes weightlifting, to improve health, fostering love for this sport, developing self-confidence and revealing abilities.

As already noted, comprehensive observations of adolescents throughout the year make it possible to more objectively assess the abilities of each, to some extent already at this age to determine the inclinations for weightlifting, physical and functional capabilities. This is the main and very responsible task of the coach to identify gifted athletes.

There is every reason to believe that some sports talent weightlifters 11-12 years old can be identified already in the first year of playing sports. To do this, the training process is conditionally divided into three stages:

Entrance control tests, anthropometric measurements, analysis physical development, original definition physical activity incoming.

A deep and comprehensive study of the character and personality of a beginner, his psyche, physical capabilities, ability to progress results, sports thinking, the relationship of a teenager to his comrades of discipline and schooling.

3) Control and pedagogical tests after the end of classes in the school-preparatory group, the determination of abilities based on the results of pedagogical observations.

So, after the end of classes in the school-preparatory group, teenagers and young men were revealed who can do weightlifting in the Youth Sports School or Sports School. After that, they go through a comprehensive selection process.

According to the regulation, recruitment to the Youth and Sports School is carried out in September. The following proof tests are offered:

running 30 and 60 meters;

standing long jump, triple jump;

push-ups in an emphasis lying (on uneven bars);

determination of the strength of the abdominal muscles;

flexibility in shoulder joints(squat with a barbell at the top, grip wide, medium, narrow);

forward bends while standing on straight legs and other exercises.

Initial indicators are recorded in a special notebook, where later (during the current selection) changes in test indicators are regularly noted. During the selection, sport games, during which dexterity, coordination, flexibility, endurance, quick wits are studied.

For practice, the experience of work on the complex selection of N. Ipalitova is of interest. The author recommends selection during the first two years of study in three stages.

The first stage is the initial one (duration - 1.5-2 months). During this period, the initial level of development of specific motor qualities in those who wish to engage in weightlifting is determined. After a medical examination, candidates pass in competitive tests on tests: long jump from a place (210 cm, 220 cm, 235 cm - respectively, estimates of 3, 4, 5 points), jumping up from a place with a wave of arms (48 cm, 52 cm, 55cm), overhead squats (snatch, medium, jerk grip), stuffed ball throwing (5kg) behind the back, backbone, squatting with a barbell on the shoulders.

The second stage is the main one (until the end of the first year). The degree of mastering the technique of jerk and push is determined, activity, diligence, courage and other psychological characteristics are taken into account. Tests on the previous tests in dynamics proceed. At the end of the year, for example, jumps are again evaluated according to a point system (225 cm, 235 cm, 250 cm - in length, 53 cm, 56 cm and 58 cm - jumping up), youth categories and III adult category are performed.

The third stage is the final one (during the second year). All previous indicators are studied in dynamics. At the end of the assessment phase are the following:

long jump - 240 cm, 253 cm, 265 cm;

jumping up - 58 cm, 64 cm, 68 cm;

III category + 5 kg, II category are performed.

Control tests are carried out every 1.5-2 months.

Regulatory requirements

The final work on the selection of young athletes should consist in the adoption of regulatory requirements for general physical training and special physical training for young weightlifters entering the section. The passing score for general physical training for 12-14 year olds is 40-45 and for special physical training 14-18, and regulatory requirements for general and special physical training are presented in tables 4 and 5.

When selecting adolescents, it is important to take into account the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular, respiratory and neuromuscular systems. To do this, it is advisable to apply control standards that assess the endurance of an athlete.

For example, to assess the endurance of adolescents aged 12-14 years, running 500 meters at a maximum pace before the start of a year-long training session and at the end of it. Not only the sports result is recorded, but also the heart rate immediately before the run (IF - initial background) and after it at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes. Then the difference in the pulse rate with respect to the IF in each time interval is determined. The difference is added up and the sum of the increase in heart rate is obtained. A decrease in this parameter after a year indicates an increase in functional readiness of cardio-vascular system.

This will allow more effective selection of adolescents and young men in weightlifting and enable the rapid development of the best athletes in weightlifting with such careful selection.

Control tests for selection of teenagers aged 11-12 in the barbell section.

Table 4

circuit training weightlifter teenager

5.1. Sports training and its features

Training is usually understood as a specialized process aimed at achieving high sports results in a chosen sport. The purpose of the training is to provide physical, technical, moral-volitional and other types of preparedness.

Physical training is aimed at increasing the functional capabilities of a person, developing his physical qualities: speed, strength, endurance, dexterity, etc .; technical training - on the formation of certain motor skills and their improvement, representing a single training process.

Experts point out the need for a more differentiated general physical fitness during training not only of adult athletes, but also of young ones (V.M. Zatsiorsky, A.N. Vorobyov, etc.). In the early stages of training, almost all types exercise contribute to the improvement of the motor functions of athletes. As fitness increases, the range of exercises that provide SFP narrows (A.V. Korobkov). Training in any sport increases the overall functional capabilities of the body, and against this background, the development of specific qualities necessary to achieve high results in the type of exercise that is the subject of training takes place (A.N. Krestovnikov).

General physical training is necessary as the basis for the development of special fitness. This training ensures, already at a young age, the growth of results not only in this type of exercise, but also in other sports (V.I. Shaposhnikova, N.N. Yakovlev).

Training work with young athletes should not be aimed at achieving high sports results in the first years of training. Such forced preparation leads, as a rule, to a halt in the growth of results. Sports training in the initial period of training should be carried out with the prospect of long-term sports growth, which continues after the transition to the adult group (V.P. Filin).

SFP at a young age should be based on a good GPP, which in each sport has its own specific features. The ratio of OFP and SFP has its own characteristic features in various types sports. In the initial period of training of young athletes, on average, from 50 to 80% of the training time is allotted for physical fitness (V.P. Filin).

Versatile physical training should take into account the characteristics of the chosen sport. For example, as A.V. Korobkov, not every versatile training is rational. The real growth of technical results is brought only by such a versatile training, which is built taking into account the positive interaction of the means used with the basic motor skills.

The higher the level of training of an athlete, the greater the specific weight of the SFP. In the presence of a high sportsmanship even OFP should have a special focus. The development of physical qualities at this stage of training is provided mainly by practicing a chosen sport or exercises that are close to it in structure and physiological effect. So, A.N. Vorobyov points out that OFP cannot replace special work in a particular sport. Species specifics muscle activity affects both the functional and morphological features of the athlete's body. Each specific sport forms a special morpho-functional harmony. For a weightlifter, this harmony is expressed in the development of muscle strength.

Studies of young weightlifters conducted by B.E. Podskotsky, M.G. Lukyanov, A.I. Falameev and other specialists, showed the effectiveness of comprehensive physical development in the period initial training and further specialization. Therefore, when planning training time in the training process of young weightlifters, along with SPT, much attention is paid to general physical fitness. If we trace how the attitude of the authors of weightlifting programs to the distribution of training hours for general physical and physical fitness changed, then, for example, B.E. Podskotsky in 1968 spent 104 hours per year for general physical training in the initial training group, and 182 hours per year for SPT, in 1974 N.S. Ippolitov and A.I. Falameev - respectively 130 and 306 hours, blood pressure. Ermakov in 1977 -170 and 414 hours per year, V.F. Skotnikov, V.E. Smirnov, Ya.E. Yakubenko in 2005 - 180 and 175 hours.

5.2. Problems of long-term training of young weightlifters

The current level of weightlifting requires the organization in our country of a systematic long-term training of young athletes in the most optimal age periods - adolescence and youth. Moreover, such long-term training of weightlifters should be based on the identified general patterns that objectively proceed from the process of formation of sportsmanship and age features body development.

Numerous studies of the 70-80s, conducted in the field of youth sports, convincingly proved the advantage of a systematic approach in the process of many years of work with young athletes, starting from their first steps in sports. In the same years, an intensive scientific search for the development of effective means and methods of training young athletes in various sports, as well as methods for selecting gifted schoolchildren in order to replenish the reserve of high-class athletes.

In weightlifting sports, individual scientists began to deal with the issues of systemic training of young athletes in the 50-60s. So, B.E. Podskotsky in the late 50s - early 60s published a number of works and scientifically substantiated from a pedagogical position step by step process long-term training of young weightlifters, starting from the age of 14-15. Later, approximately from the mid-60s, using complex research methods and on the basis of practical work with young weightlifters, research was continued on the scientific substantiation of the system of long-term training in the age period from 12 to 18 years. The results of these works are presented in a number of scientific and scientific-methodical works of L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev and in our joint publications.

The need to organize long-term targeted training of young weightlifters was indicated in the scientific works of the AI. Kurachenkova, AI. Falameeva, M.T. Lukyanova, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and others. One of the characteristic features of these and other works is that they talk about a gradual increase in the level of special physical training of young athletes. The training of young athletes should not be aimed at achieving a high sports result in the first years of training. A number of authors note that sports training should be carried out in the initial period with the prospect of long-term growth, which continues after the transition to the adult group.

In the initial period of training, the greatest emphasis is placed on general physical fitness. So, at the OFP, according to N.V. Zimkin is given an average of 50-80% of the time during this period. The need for primary comprehensive physical development of young weightlifters was indicated in the works of the Academy of Sciences. Kurachenkova, B.E. Podskotsky, M.T. Lukyanova, AN. Falameeva, L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and many others.

Back in 1982, the author made an attempt to formalize the process of long-term training of young weightlifters based on the knowledge available in the theory and practice of weightlifting sports. A "formula for the phased training of weightlifters" was proposed in the age period from 12 to 22 years. This formalized system included next steps: preliminary and initial training, training stage, stage sports improvement and the stage of higher sportsmanship. Consequently, a young weightlifter, starting from the age of 12 playing sports, has the opportunity to reach the stage of higher sportsmanship by the age of 20-22. This concept of long-term training of young athletes is especially clearly substantiated in the works of the National Academy of Sciences. Fomina, V.P. Filina, M.Ya. Nabatnikova and in the monograph "Fundamentals of Management in the Training of Young Athletes" edited by M.Ya. Nabatnikova. Numerous facts and practical analysis of the training of the best athletes in the world allow us to conclude that most of the top athletes have passed all of the above stages, although they were not the same in terms of age periodization.

In weightlifting sports, increasing attention has been paid to the selection of young athletes. However, very few developments in this direction have been published. This is evidenced even by the fact that in the textbook "Weightlifting for young men" M.T. Lukyanova and A.I. Falameev there is no section on the selection of young men. There are no such sections in weightlifting textbooks for students of physical education institutes published in different years.

In the work of B.E. Podskotsky “Peculiarities of selection for weightlifting with adolescents 13-14 years old”, published in 1970 in the yearbook “Weightlifting”, it was noted that since weightlifters from 13-14 years of age began to train recently, we do not yet have approved recommendations, which would help us to see in a teenager a future weightlifter of a certain weight class and high class. The same idea is carried out in the textbook "Weightlifting", published in 1981, i.e. almost 10 years later: “A very difficult problem is the selection of adolescents and young men who have the potential to achieve high sports results in the future. Such selection is one of the topical issues in the development of weightlifting ... "

Significant work on the selection was carried out by N.S. Ippolitov with schoolchildren aged 14-15. The author substantiated the selection methodology over a two-year period, divided into three stages. The main test indicators in determining the most capable, the author chose exercises with weights, jumping exercises standing and running short distances.

It is known that modern teenagers and young men reach sports maturity much earlier than it was, for example, 10-15 years ago. This is due to the fact that early sports specialization has been introduced in many sports since childhood and adolescence. An analysis of the growth in the qualifications of young weightlifters over many years of training (from youth category to master of sports) showed that the achievement of higher sports results at a young age is generally closely related to the duration of sports activities (Table 5.1).

During the period of initial training (up to two years), there was no pronounced increase in sports qualifications among the majority of young weightlifters studied by us. This is due to the fact that the training methodology used by us did not set the task of forced execution sports categories. So, after the first year of such classes, 11.8% of athletes did not reach the level of weightlifting; 51.3% completed only the youth category and only 35.2% - III category. Moreover, these were athletes who, before joining the weightlifting section, as a rule, were engaged in comprehensive physical training in other sections for 1-2 years. Of the observed young weightlifters, only one managed to complete the II category in one year (out of 68 people). Subsequently, the number of the most gifted athletes increased: in the second year they amounted to 2.9% and in the third - 8.8%. Nevertheless, for the first 6 years of training, only 2.9% of the total number of trainees fulfilled the norm of the master of sports.

Table 5.1

Growth of sports qualification of young weightlifters (%)
With mass sports training in weightlifting in adolescence and youth, it is not at all necessary to set the task of performing discharge standard at any cost. This process must go naturally, without forcing, since the main task of this period is to increase the level of physical fitness, in particular, strength capabilities. For individual gifted athletes, the optimal rate of growth in sports qualifications to the level of I category and CMS should be considered one step per year. This condition was met by 35.2% of students who completed the 1st category in the first year of training. But then their number decreased from year to year and after 2 years of training amounted to 30.9%; after three - 26.5% and after four - 17.6%. After seven years of training, one athlete from this group fulfilled the standard of the master of sports of international class.

The bulk of athletes improved their skills at a slower pace and fulfilled the norm of a master of sports on average over 6-10 years of training. With mass weightlifting training, such rates of growth in sports qualifications are quite acceptable, since among these athletes there will be persons (workers, employees, students) who devote much less time to sports compared to members of the national team of the country.

The reasons for the slow improvement of qualifications of the majority of the studied weightlifters should be considered poor versatile training at the initial stage of specialization, poor health in adolescence, which is the reason for missing classes; regular weight loss before the competition, violation of the sports regimen, irregular training, etc. In addition, an important role is played by the lack of a good material base for mass weightlifting and bodybuilding.

5.3. Critical remarks on the issue of age periodization in the process of long-term training of young weightlifters

Long-term training of weightlifters is associated with the solution of a number of problems. Among them, one of the important ones is the substantiation of the optimal age limits in the system of phased training, taking into account the characteristics of the developing organism, pedagogical tasks and sports requirements. If in a number of sports this problem - age-related phased training - has already been practically solved for those who start playing sports from childhood or adolescence ( figure skating, swimming, gymnastics, Athletics etc.), then in weightlifting, even in the matter of phased preparation from early adolescence, there is still no final opinion. This is due to the fact that in our country, until recently, the training of adolescents and even young men in weightlifting was not given much importance. It was believed that this sport was only for adults, and therefore the main scientific research was related to adult weightlifters.

As noted above, the attitude towards weightlifting has changed dramatically since adolescence. This can be seen from the fact that more and more often in this sport, record results are achieved at the age of 16-18, and long-term training of weightlifters is being built as a training system from a beginner to a high-class athlete. An analysis of a number of literary sources on the issue of age periodization of long-term training of athletes showed that in a particular sport these age stages are not the same.

So, D. Hare believes that the division of the long-term training process into stages to a certain extent does not depend on age. The author proposes to take as a basis the age highest achievements. Consequently, if these rules are followed in weightlifting, then the starting point for the phased planning of the training of young athletes will be the achievements currently shown by Soviet athletes on average at the age of 18 to 33 years. According to V.P. Filin, N.A. Fomin, the zone of optimal opportunities for sports success in weightlifting is in the range from 21 to 24 years. B.V. Valik believes that the process of long-term training of young weightlifters must be built taking into account both the age of the highest achievements and the age-related characteristics of the body. From this, the author notes, the age of initial training depends.

The main feature of modern long-term training of athletes is its staging. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the long-term training of young weightlifters using a phased system. What is it connected with? It is known that as early as 10-15 years ago, people with good physical development came to the weightlifting section, and in some cases, those who had undergone sports training in other sections. Those who were under the age of 15 were rarely accepted there. Now it's quite the opposite. More often, schoolchildren aged 12-13 and even younger come to the weightlifting section. And, consequently, during the period of initial training, the coach has to deal more often not only with a very young contingent, but also physically unprepared for specialization in this sport.

From the memoirs of the Honored Master of Sports A.N. Vorobyov (1960) it is clear that he came to regular weightlifting already being physically well developed, mature, tempered his character and will during the war and in work. In fact, it took him no more than one year to prove himself a capable athlete. After 4 years of training, he has already won the title of European champion. As noted by AN. Vorobyov, big physical force possessed Olympic champion Trofim Lomakin and many other Soviet athletes. Obviously, for many decades of the development of weightlifting, coaches did not see a special need for the systematic training of high-class weightlifters from among adolescents and young men, not to mention childhood, although some scientific research in this area has been conducted since the beginning of the 50s of the last century.

After 1971, when the International Weightlifting Federation excluded the classic bench press from triathlon and only the snatch and clean and jerk remained, research in the field of youth weightlifting was sharply intensified. First of all, it was necessary to solve the problem of the age limits of such training. In various literature, the division of groups by age was interpreted differently. So, in the weightlifting program for the Youth Sports School (compiled by B.E. Podskotsky), the following division into age groups is given: teenage - up to 14 years old, junior youthful - 15-16 years old, senior youthful - 17-18 years old, sports improvement - 19-20 years old. In the rules of weightlifting competitions for 1972, the following age gradation was established: young men age group- 14-15 years old, boys of the older age group - 16-17 years old, juniors - 18-20 years old, youth - 21-22 years old; in the rules of weightlifting competitions for 1977: young men of the younger age group - 14-15 years old, young men of the older age group - 16-17 years old, juniors - 18-20 years old, youth - 21-22 years old, adults - over 23 years old.

In multi-year planning physical education The following distribution into age groups was also used: pre-preschool - 1-4 years old, pre-school - 4-7 years old, junior school - 7-12 years old, secondary school - 13-16 years old.

In 1968, the Institute for Developmental Physiology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR recommended the following distribution scheme for age periods: neonatal period - 1-10 days, infancy - 10 days - 1 year, early childhood- 1-3 years old, first childhood - 4-7 years old, second childhood - 8-12 years old, adolescence (boys - 13-16 years old, girls 12-15 years old), adolescence - 17-21 years old, mature age: I period - 22-35 years old, II period - 36-60 years old, etc.

So, what age gradation should be followed when preparing young athletes? There is still no consensus on this issue. And, as they say, there is no one to put things in order in this matter. The author for almost 30 years adheres to the anatomical and physiological concept of the distribution of educational and training groups (UTG) for the Youth Sports School. This is due to the fact that when planning a phased long-term training of young athletes, the coach must be completely clear in determining the age groups. The main criterion in this matter is to take into account the individual age characteristics of human development. What individual physiological and morphological characteristics should be taken into account when training with young weightlifters? This is, firstly, the functional state of the cardiovascular system, taking into account a particular age. For example, the volume of the heart in 13-14-year-olds can be almost twice the volume of the heart of children 8-9 years old. At the same time, arterial blood pressure in adolescents is often higher than in children. And here one should look for the cause not in the functional disorders of the body of adolescents, but in the age and individual characteristics of physical development during puberty. Thus, it is known that the body length of young athletes from 13 to 14 years old can increase from 6 to 10 cm per year due to a more pronounced lengthening of the tubular bones. Fast growth tubular bones in adolescence leads, in turn, to stretching of blood vessels and narrowing of their gaps. Until the anatomical maturity of the vessels in adolescents is in line with body length, they may experience an increase in arterial blood pressure. As a rule, by the age of 15-16, arterial blood pressure stabilizes. When doing weightlifting, you should pay attention to the so-called accelerators, that is, those who have some acceleration in the rate of puberty during puberty.

It is important not only for teachers, but also for doctors to participate together with the coach in the process of planning the training load, especially during the puberty of young athletes. It is the facts of uncoordinated actions of a coach and a doctor that often lead to undesirable consequences when exercising with young athletes.

Much attention needs to be paid to proper nutrition young athletes of childhood and adolescence. The ever-increasing volumes of training loads in weightlifting require the provision of young athletes with good nutrition. In childhood and adolescence, vitamin deficiency should not be allowed, minerals, vegetable and animal proteins.

5.4. Normative part of the curriculum in weightlifting for Youth Sports School, SDUSHOR, SHVSM and UOR

This section is fully consistent with the content of the new Weightlifting Program published in 2005 by the Federal Agency Russian Federation By physical culture and sports. The author cites this section without changes, as he understands that his book may turn out to be the only official source for some youth sports schools or sports sections, according to which it is possible to officially regulate (plan) the training work of a teacher-trainer. In the following sections, the author's version of the long-term planning system for the training of young weightlifters will be considered, which has some differences from the official program.

So, educational material of the official program consists of theoretical and practical sections and is divided into training groups: initial, educational and training, sports improvement and higher sportsmanship (Tables 1-14), which allows us to offer coaches of all sports schools a single direction developed by a comprehensive scientific approach to the assessment training process in the long-term system of training weightlifters from beginners to highly qualified athletes.

Long-term training of weightlifters is a complex process of developing sportsmanship, each level of which is characterized by its goals, objectives, means and organization of training.

1.1. Organization of the training and educational process

Acquisition sports groups, the organization of training sessions, the conduct of educational work with those involved is carried out by the management and coaching council of sports schools. This is one of the most important stages of the organizational and methodological activity the whole team.

Training groups are recruited from among the most capable of weightlifting children, adolescents, boys and girls, as well as athletes who have transferred from other sports, have shown ability to weightlifting and meet the requirements for the level of sports and physical fitness for admission to sports schools.

In some cases, students who do not meet the relevant requirements may be enrolled in an educational group as an exception by decision of the coaching council, provided that these students have a certain level and physical characteristics that allow them to achieve the required level of sports training during the school year.

Syllabus;

Plan of training sessions for the year;

Work plan for the month or period of preparation;

Lesson plan;

Record card of indicators of growth of physical, special, technical readiness students;

Timetable of classes;

Calendar plan sports events. By account:

Journal of accounting of group classes;

Personal cards and statements of students;

Athlete training diaries;

Competition protocols.

table 2

Approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 1st year of study in groups of initial training
Table 3

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 1st year of study in training groups
Table 4

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 2nd year of study in training groups
The end of the table. 4
Table 5

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 3rd year of study in training groups
Table 6

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 4th year of study in training groups
Table 7

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 1st year of study in sports improvement groups
Table 8

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 2nd year of study in sports improvement groups
Table 9

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 3rd year of study in sports improvement groups
Table 10

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 1st year of study in groups of higher sportsmanship
Table 11

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 2nd year of study in groups of higher sportsmanship
Table 12

An approximate schedule for the distribution of training hours for weightlifters of the 3rd year of study in groups of higher sportsmanship
Table 13

Approximate values ​​of training loads by years for weightlifters of sports schools
1 In the KPSh for groups of initial training, the weight of the bar is taken into account at least

50% (in lead, snatch and jerk exercises, as well as in classical

exercises), in other groups - at least 60%

The end of the table. 13
Table 14

The ratio of the volumes of general and special physical training by years of study (hours,%).
5.5. Modern system many years of weightlifting training

At the present stage of the development of weightlifting sports in our country and abroad, vast experience has been accumulated and significant scientific and methodological material has been collected related to the training of weightlifters of various sports qualifications and ages. The world achievements of weightlifters and their constant growth have long led to the understanding by experts that the targeted training of high-class athletes in this sport can be carried out quite effectively only if children and adolescents from 11-12 years old are involved in such activities, and in some cases - even from an earlier age.

Over the past decades, very positive results have been obtained from studies of the process of long-term training of young weightlifters, which generally showed that with the right, methodically competent approach and effective control, such exercises with weights in this age period do not lead to any adverse consequences in the health of young athletes, and most importantly - do not retard growth.

Let us dwell on the methodological features of such training.

Long-term training of young weightlifters is associated with the solution of a number of problems. One of them is the substantiation of the optimal age limits in the system of phased training of athletes in this sport, taking into account the characteristics of the developing organism, sports and pedagogical tasks and the socio-economic conditions of society.

It is known that the division of the process of long-term training of athletes in many sports does not significantly depend on age limits. There is no such strict dependence in weightlifting sports. Therefore, the starting point for the start of phased planning for the training of young weightlifters can be record achievements, which are shown by modern domestic athletes aged on average from 18 to 25 years. At the same time, the zone of optimal achievements of weightlifters for both men and women lies in a wider age range - from 15 to 28-30 years.

Taking into account this provision, the long-term training of young athletes should be built in such a way that preparation for this zone sports achievements was quite thorough in its duration. As a rule, it cannot be less than 4-5 years (A.S. Medvedev). Our research, as well as research by foreign scientists, made it possible to prove that training sessions with weights from 11-12 years old and even from a younger age, if they take into account the age characteristics of a growing organism, lead to the development of more advanced adaptive mechanisms of the neuromuscular and functional systems of the body of young weightlifters. Long-term training of young weightlifters should be strictly focused on their age capabilities (first of all), and also be built in accordance with the level of physical, technical and functional readiness of the body.

It is known that in many cases the passport age of children and adolescents does not always correspond to the biological one. So, our research (L.S. Dvorkin) showed that out of 60 young weightlifters 12 years old (and in this case schoolchildren from Yekaterinburg and Pervouralsk) the first degree of puberty reached 35% and the second - 5%, in 13 years - respectively 38 and 31%. Consequently, out of 60 children aged 12, 40% have entered puberty, i.e. puberty, which characterizes adolescence (for boys - 13-16 and girls - 12-15 years). Consequently, this part of the young athletes we study, in terms of their biological maturity, should be attributed to adolescence, and not to childhood. It can be assumed with a high degree of truth that an even greater difference in passport and biological age is observed in children of the southern republics (although such studies have not been conducted in recent years).

Based on many years of research, we settled on the following version of age periodization when planning the phased training of young weightlifters:

UTG - 1 (8-9 years) - the first junior school age;

UTG - 2 (10-12 years old) - the second junior school age;

UTG - 3 (13-14 years old) - the first adolescence;

UTG - 4 (15-16 years) - the second adolescence;

UTG - 5 (17-18 years old) - boys;

UTG - 6 (19-20 years old) - juniors.

Based on this age division of training groups, it is proposed to divide the long-term training of young weightlifters into the following 6 stages (Tables 5.2-5.7):

The first stage is preliminary physical and functional training (8-9 years);

The second stage is basic physical and functional training (10-12 years old);

The third stage is basic sports and psychological and functional training (13-14 years old);

The fourth stage is an in-depth basic sports and psychological-functional training (15-16 years old);

The fifth stage is the final basic sports psychological and functional training (17-18 years old);

The sixth stage is basic master training (19-20 years old).

Training of high-class athletes, starting from childhood, is built strictly according to certain stages, where the main attention is paid to the fulfillment of those tasks that are characteristic of a particular age group. According to the structure, such training of young weightlifters consists of six stages, which differ from one another both in the ratio of GPP and SPP, the fulfillment of discharge standards, and the use of certain means in the training process.

Based on this, special attention should be paid to the issue of staffing training groups in sports school from among those who want to go in for weightlifting children who do not have deviations in the state of health.

At the first stage, the task is to complete children's groups of junior schoolchildren aged 8-9 for preliminary physical and functional training for at least two years. At the second stage of training young weightlifters aged 10-12, the foundation of their basic physical and functional training is laid for 3 years. At the third stage, the process of creating a strong basic sports and psychological-functional fitness of young athletes aged 13-14 is intensified, which continues for 2 years. The need for good basic sports and psychological and functional training lies in the fact that at this age young weightlifters begin to take an active part in various competitions. After passing the sixth stage, young athletes aged 19-20 reach the level of members of the national team of the country.

Table 5.2

The first stage - preliminary physical and functional training (8–9 years)
Table 5.3

The second stage - basic physical and functional training (10-12 years old)
Table 5.4

The third stage - basic sports and psychological and functional training (13-14 years old)
Table 5.5

The fourth stage - in-depth basic sports and psychological and functional training (15-16 years old)
Table 5.6

The fifth stage is the final basic sports and psychological and functional training (17–18 years old)
Table 5.7

Sixth stage - basic master training (19-20 years old)
So, the division of the long-term training of young weightlifters into six stages is very conditional. However, it allows you to plan the training of high-class athletes more correctly and rationally, taking into account the age characteristics of the body.

At the first stage of long-term training, the obligatory performance of sports categories is not provided, we suggest focusing only on the indicators of medical and pedagogical control and control tests. And in the future, this control will be the main one, since at the first stage it is necessary to orient children and adolescents not so much towards the performance of sports categories, but rather towards the creation of a solid basic physical and functional training, taking into account age characteristics. This thesis should be clarified with the following example. As a rule, a capable child already during the first two years of training quickly increases his results and by the end of the first stage of training he can complete the II category or even the standard of the I category for adults, which allows him to immediately move into the group of athletes training according to the program of the third stage. However, the fulfillment of the requirements of this program for most children would be premature, since the body of young athletes has not yet reached the required basic level of functional and physical fitness. A neglectful attitude to these requirements, an unjustifiably early transition of a young athlete to a narrow sports specialization, as a rule, leads to the acceleration of the training process, the rapid depletion of the body's natural capabilities and, ultimately, to the cessation of the increase in sports results at an older age.

5.6. Normative bases of weightlifting training of young athletes

In childhood and adolescence, muscle strength and speed-strength qualities increase markedly, provided they are actively developed. Therefore, the effectiveness of the use of these exercises both in physical education classes at school and in self-study especially large in this age period of a person's life. Such activities, as shown in our studies and studies of many domestic and foreign scientists, do not lead to negative changes in the development of the body's functional capabilities, do not retard growth, and contribute to normal physical development. However, in order to fulfill strength exercises with weights, it is necessary to adhere to certain load standards, taking into account a particular age. For this, model characteristics of these norms were developed (Tables 5.8-5.11). Each student can, guided by these standards, quite easily choose for himself the load that corresponds to his age group.

Modern means and methods of weightlifting sport open up great prospects for the system of physical education of the younger generation, providing an opportunity not only to achieve young age desired heights of sports perfection, but also to apply weights for mass strength training. This is especially important to take into account at the present time, when young people have an increased interest in athleticism.

Weightlifting programs for Youth Sports School have been published since 1968, but only after almost 10 years, based on the accumulated experience of working with young weightlifters and positive results. scientific research came to the conclusion about the possibility of using higher training loads not only in adolescence, but also in childhood.

Table 5.8

An exemplary version of the general strength training of schoolchildren
1 OSB - total strength training, SSP - special strength training.

2 50–60 × 6, where 50–60 is the weight of the bar as a percentage of the maximum result,

6 - the number of lifts in one approach.

Table 5.9

Control indicators of the state of strength training of schoolchildren (dynamic exercises)
1 50 - barbell weight as a percentage of body weight.

Table 5.10

Control indicators of the state of strength training of schoolchildren (static stresses)
Table 5.11

Control standards in weightlifting training of schoolchildren, % of body weight
When organizing mass weightlifting training, a long-term process should be built strictly according to certain stages, where the main attention is paid to the fulfillment of those tasks that will be characteristic of this age group. The training of young weightlifters is divided into six such stages, which differ from one another in goals and objectives, the volume of the training load, means and the ratio of general and special physical training.

Thus, in this chapter, a number of sports and pedagogical aspects of the long-term training of weightlifters were revealed, which, in combination with the already known achievements of theory and methodology, build this process, taking into account the objective laws of the development of mass sports and modern requirements, based on the need for a wide involvement of young people in sports. weights.

Preparation of a young weightlifter Dvorkin Leonid Samoylovich

5.2. Problems of long-term training of young weightlifters

The current level of weightlifting requires the organization in our country of a systematic long-term training of young athletes in the most optimal age periods - adolescence and youth. Moreover, such a long-term training of weightlifters should be based on the identified general patterns, objectively proceeding from the process of the formation of sportsmanship and age-related features of the development of the body.

Numerous studies of the 70-80s, conducted in the field of youth sports, convincingly proved the advantage of a systematic approach in the process of many years of work with young athletes, starting from their first steps in sports. In the same years, there was an intensive scientific search for the development of effective means and methods for training young athletes in various sports, as well as methods for selecting gifted schoolchildren in order to replenish the reserve of high-class athletes.

In weightlifting sports, individual scientists began to deal with the issues of systemic training of young athletes in the 50-60s. So, B.E. Podskotsky in the late 50s - early 60s published a number of works and scientifically substantiated from the pedagogical positions the phased process of many years of training of young weightlifters, starting from the age of 14-15. Later, approximately from the mid-60s, using complex research methods and on the basis of practical work with young weightlifters, research was continued on the scientific substantiation of the system of long-term training in the age period from 12 to 18 years. The results of these works are presented in a number of scientific and scientific-methodical works of L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev and in our joint publications.

The need to organize long-term targeted training of young weightlifters was indicated in the scientific works of the AI. Kurachenkova, AI. Falameeva, M.T. Lukyanova, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and others. One of the characteristic features of these and other works is that they talk about a gradual increase in the level of special physical training of young athletes. The training of young athletes should not be aimed at achieving a high sports result in the first years of training. Sports training, as noted by a number of authors, should be carried out in the initial period with the prospect of long-term growth, which continues after the transition to the adult group.

In the initial period of training, the greatest emphasis is placed on general physical fitness. So, at the OFP, according to N.V. Zimkin is given an average of 50-80% of the time during this period. The need for primary comprehensive physical development of young weightlifters was indicated in the works of the Academy of Sciences. Kurachenkova, B.E. Podskotsky, M.T. Lukyanova, AN. Falameeva, L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and many others.

Back in 1982, the author made an attempt to formalize the process of long-term training of young weightlifters based on the knowledge available in the theory and practice of weightlifting sports. A "formula for the phased training of weightlifters" was proposed in the age period from 12 to 22 years. This formalized system includes the following stages: preliminary and initial training, educational and training stage, stage of sports improvement and stage of higher sportsmanship. Consequently, a young weightlifter, starting from the age of 12 playing sports, has the opportunity to reach the stage of higher sportsmanship by the age of 20-22. This concept of long-term training of young athletes is especially clearly substantiated in the works of the National Academy of Sciences. Fomina, V.P. Filina, M.Ya. Nabatnikova and in the monograph "Fundamentals of Management in the Training of Young Athletes" edited by M.Ya. Nabatnikova. Numerous facts and practical analysis of the training of the best athletes in the world allow us to conclude that most of the top athletes have passed all of the above stages, although they were not the same in terms of age periodization.

In weightlifting sports, increasing attention has been paid to the selection of young athletes. However, very few developments in this direction have been published. This is evidenced even by the fact that in the textbook "Weightlifting for young men" M.T. Lukyanova and A.I. Falameev there is no section on the selection of young men. There are no such sections in weightlifting textbooks for students of physical education institutes published in different years.

In the work of B.E. Podskotsky “Peculiarities of selection for weightlifting with adolescents 13-14 years old”, published in 1970 in the yearbook “Weightlifting”, it was noted that since weightlifters from 13-14 years of age began to train recently, we do not yet have approved recommendations, which would help us to see in a teenager a future weightlifter of a certain weight category and a high class. The same idea is carried out in the textbook "Weightlifting", published in 1981, i.e. almost 10 years later: “A very difficult problem is the selection of adolescents and young men who have the potential to achieve high sports results in the future. Such selection is one of the topical issues in the development of weightlifting ... "

Significant work on the selection was carried out by N.S. Ippolitov with schoolchildren aged 14-15. The author substantiated the selection methodology over a two-year period, divided into three stages. The author chose exercises with weights, jumping exercises from a place and sprinting as the main test indicators in determining the most capable.

It is known that modern teenagers and young men reach sports maturity much earlier than it was, for example, 10-15 years ago. This is due to the fact that early sports specialization has been introduced in many sports since childhood and adolescence. An analysis of the growth in the qualifications of young weightlifters over many years of training (from youth category to master of sports) showed that the achievement of higher sports results at a young age is generally closely related to the duration of sports activities (Table 5.1).

During the period of initial training (up to two years), there was no pronounced increase in sports qualifications among the majority of young weightlifters studied by us. This is explained by the fact that the training methodology used by us did not set the task of forced performance of sports categories. So, after the first year of such classes, 11.8% of athletes did not reach the level of weightlifting; 51.3% completed only the youth category and only 35.2% - III category. Moreover, these were athletes who, before joining the weightlifting section, as a rule, were engaged in comprehensive physical training in other sections for 1-2 years. Of the observed young weightlifters, only one managed to complete the II category in one year (out of 68 people). Subsequently, the number of the most gifted athletes increased: in the second year they amounted to 2.9% and in the third - 8.8%. Nevertheless, for the first 6 years of training, only 2.9% of the total number of trainees fulfilled the norm of the master of sports.

Table 5.1

The growth of sports qualificationyoung weightlifters (%)

With mass sports training in weightlifting in adolescence and youth, it is not at all necessary to set the task of fulfilling the discharge standard at any cost. This process should go naturally, without forcing, since the main task of this period is to increase the level of physical fitness, in particular strength capabilities. For individual gifted athletes, the optimal rate of growth in sports qualifications to the level of I category and CMS should be considered one step per year. This condition was met by 35.2% of students who completed the 1st category in the first year of training. But then their number decreased from year to year and after 2 years of training amounted to 30.9%; after three - 26.5% and after four - 17.6%. After seven years of training, one athlete from this group fulfilled the standard of the master of sports of international class.

The bulk of athletes improved their skills at a slower pace and fulfilled the norm of a master of sports on average over 6-10 years of training. With mass weightlifting training, such rates of growth in sports qualifications are quite acceptable, since among these athletes there will be persons (workers, employees, students) who devote much less time to sports compared to members of the national team of the country.

The reasons for the slow improvement of qualifications of the majority of the studied weightlifters should be considered poor versatile training at the initial stage of specialization, poor health in adolescence, which is the reason for missing classes; regular weight loss before the competition, violation of the sports regimen, irregular training, etc. In addition, an important role is played by the lack of a good material base for mass weightlifting and bodybuilding.

From the book Preparing a Young Weightlifter author Dvorkin Leonid Samoilovich

1.4.2. Features of speed-strength training of weightlifters Although the leading quality of weightlifters is muscle strength, nevertheless, the ability to develop maximum strength and the ability to demonstrate it in a short period of time are not related. Can

From the author's book

Chapter 4 Influence of playing sports on the functionality of young weightlifters 4.1. The influence of weight training on the functional state of the neuromuscular system of young weightlifters The development of muscle strength and endurance is closely related to the occurrence of

From the author's book

4.1. The influence of weight training on the functional state of the neuromuscular system of young weightlifters The development of muscle strength and endurance is closely related to the occurrence of morphological, biochemical and physiological changes in the body as a result of training.

From the author's book

4.2. The effect of weight training on the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems young weightlifters To study the heart rate in adolescents and young men, the principle of continuous recording of the pulse rate directly during

From the author's book

4.4. Characteristics of the state of health of young weightlifters in the process of many years of training When admitted to the sports section, it is important to examine the physical and functional state of the body of schoolchildren and their health. As studies have shown weightlifters 12-14-year-old

From the author's book

Chapter 5 Sports and pedagogical aspects of training young weightlifters 5.1. Sports training and its features Training is usually understood as a specialized process aimed at achieving high sports results in a chosen sport. Target

From the author's book

5.3. Critical remarks on the issue of age periodization in the process of long-term training of young weightlifters Long-term training of weightlifters is associated with the solution of a number of problems. Among them, one of the most important is the substantiation of optimal age

From the author's book

5.5. Modern system of long-term training of weightlifters

From the author's book

Chapter 6 Educational work and psychological preparation young

From the author's book

6.3. Physical and moral education of the personality of young weightlifters Morality is a combination of spiritual and mental qualities that ensure that a person fulfills the rules of behavior in society. Moral qualities include discipline,

From the author's book

6.4. Psychoregulatory training and personal aspects of education of young weightlifters Psychoregulatory training in the system of sports training of young weightlifters is considered as one of the important aspects of the moral orientation of training.

From the author's book

6.5. Methodology for the formation of value orientations of young weightlifters for physical and moral education

From the author's book

7.1. Actual tasks of technical training of young weightlifters Sports training of young weightlifters should be directed from the very beginning to a thorough mastery of the technique of movements when performing various weightlifting exercises, and in particular

From the author's book

Chapter 8 Basic strength training of young weightlifters 8.1. Organization of a training experiment Research AN. Vorobiev, Yu.V. Verkhoshansky et al. showed that weight-bearing exercises provide the possibility of a more pronounced manifestation of speed muscle strength.

From the author's book

From the author's book

11.5. Pedagogical control for the state of physical fitness of young weightlifters 11.5.1. Basic indicators of strength and speed-strength qualities For the pedagogical assessment of physical fitness, data from numerous studies were used

The current level of weightlifting requires the organization in our country of a systematic long-term training of young athletes in the most optimal age periods - adolescence and youth. Moreover, such a long-term training of weightlifters should be based on the identified general patterns, objectively proceeding from the process of the formation of sportsmanship and age-related features of the development of the body.

Numerous studies of the 70-80s, conducted in the field of youth sports, convincingly proved the advantage of a systematic approach in the process of many years of work with young athletes, starting from their first steps in sports. In the same years, there was an intensive scientific search for the development of effective means and methods for training young athletes in various sports, as well as methods for selecting gifted schoolchildren in order to replenish the reserve of high-class athletes.

In weightlifting sports, individual scientists began to deal with the issues of systemic training of young athletes in the 50-60s. So, B.E. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Podskotsky published a number of works and scientifically substantiated from a pedagogical position the phased process of many years of training of young weightlifters, starting from the age of 14-15. Later, approximately from the mid-60s, using complex research methods and on the basis of practical work with young weightlifters, research was continued on the scientific substantiation of the system of long-term training in the age period from 12 to 18 years. The results of these works are presented in a number of scientific and scientific-methodical works of L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev and in our joint publications.

The need to organize long-term targeted training of young weightlifters was indicated in the scientific works of the AI. Kurachenkova, AI. Falameeva, M.T. Lukyanova, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and others. One of the characteristic features of these and other works is that they talk about a gradual increase in the level of special physical training of young athletes. The training of young athletes should not be aimed at achieving a high sports result in the first years of training. Sports training, as noted by a number of authors, should be carried out in the initial period with the prospect of long-term growth, which continues after the transition to the adult group.

In the initial period of training, the greatest emphasis is placed on general physical fitness. So, at the OFP, according to N.V. Zimkin is given an average of 50-80% of the time during this period. The need for primary comprehensive physical development of young weightlifters was indicated in the works of the Academy of Sciences. Kurachenkova, B.E. Podskotsky, M.T. Lukyanova, AN. Falameeva, L.S. Dvorkina, A.S. Medvedev, N.S. Ippolitova, A.S. Prilepin and many others.

Back in 1982, the author made an attempt to formalize the process of long-term training of young weightlifters based on the knowledge available in the theory and practice of weightlifting sports. A "formula for the phased training of weightlifters" was proposed in the age period from 12 to 22 years. This formalized system includes the following stages: preliminary and initial training, educational and training stage, stage of sports improvement and stage of higher sportsmanship. Consequently, a young weightlifter, starting from the age of 12 playing sports, has the opportunity to reach the stage of higher sportsmanship by the age of 20-22. This concept of long-term training of young athletes is especially clearly substantiated in the works of the National Academy of Sciences. Fomina, V.P. Filina, M.Ya. Nabatnikova and in the monograph "Fundamentals of Management in the Training of Young Athletes" edited by M.Ya. Nabatnikova. Numerous facts and practical analysis of the training of the best athletes in the world allow us to conclude that most of the top athletes have passed all of the above stages, although they were not the same in terms of age periodization.

In weightlifting sports, increasing attention has been paid to the selection of young athletes. However, very few developments in this direction have been published. This is evidenced even by the fact that in the textbook "Weightlifting for young men" M.T. Lukyanova and A.I. Falameev there is no section on the selection of young men. There are no such sections in weightlifting textbooks for students of physical education institutes published in different years.

In the work of B.E. Podskotsky “Features of selection for weightlifting with adolescents 13-14 years old”, published in 1970 in the yearbook “Weightlifting”, it was noted that since weightlifters from 13-14 years of age began to train recently, we still do not have approved recommendations that would help us see in a teenager a future weightlifter of a certain weight category and a high class. The same idea is carried out in the textbook "Weightlifting", published in 1981, i.e. almost 10 years later: “A very difficult problem is the selection of adolescents and young men who have the potential to achieve high sports results in the future. Such selection is one of the topical issues in the development of weightlifting ... "

Significant work on the selection was carried out by N.S. Ippolitov with schoolchildren aged 14-15. The author substantiated the selection methodology over a two-year period, divided into three stages. The author chose exercises with weights, jumping exercises from a place and sprinting as the main test indicators in determining the most capable.

It is known that modern teenagers and young men reach sports maturity much earlier than it was, for example, 10-15 years ago. This is due to the fact that early sports specialization has been introduced in many sports since childhood and adolescence. An analysis of the growth in the qualifications of young weightlifters over many years of training (from youth category to master of sports) showed that the achievement of higher sports results at a young age is generally closely related to the duration of sports activities (Table 5.1).

During the period of initial training (up to two years), there was no pronounced increase in sports qualifications among the majority of young weightlifters studied by us. This is explained by the fact that the training methodology used by us did not set the task of forced performance of sports categories. So, after the first year of such classes, 11.8% of athletes did not reach the level of weightlifting; 51.3% completed only the youth category and only 35.2% - III category. Moreover, these were athletes who, before joining the weightlifting section, as a rule, were engaged in comprehensive physical training in other sections for 1-2 years. Of the observed young weightlifters, only one managed to complete the II category in one year (out of 68 people). Subsequently, the number of the most gifted athletes increased: in the second year they amounted to 2.9% and in the third - 8.8%. Nevertheless, for the first 6 years of training, only 2.9% of the total number of trainees fulfilled the norm of the master of sports.

With mass sports training in weightlifting in adolescence and youth, it is not at all necessary to set the task of fulfilling the discharge standard at any cost. This process should go naturally, without forcing, since the main task of this period is to increase the level of physical fitness, in particular strength capabilities. For individual gifted athletes, the optimal rate of growth in sports qualifications to the level of I category and CMS should be considered one step per year. This condition was met by 35.2% of students who completed the 1st category in the first year of training. But then their number decreased from year to year and after 2 years of training amounted to 30.9%; after three - 26.5% and after four - 17.6%. After seven years of training, one athlete from this group fulfilled the standard of the master of sports of international class.

The bulk of athletes improved their skills at a slower pace and fulfilled the norm of a master of sports on average over 6-10 years of training. With mass weightlifting training, such rates of growth in sports qualifications are quite acceptable, since among these athletes there will be persons (workers, employees, students) who devote much less time to sports compared to members of the national team of the country.

The reasons for the slow improvement of qualifications of the majority of the studied weightlifters should be considered poor versatile training at the initial stage of specialization, poor health in adolescence, which is the reason for missing classes; regular weight loss before the competition, violation of the sports regimen, irregular training, etc. In addition, an important role is played by the lack of a good material base for mass weightlifting and bodybuilding.