Skating speed max. Skating

Andrey Burlyaev, an international master of sports in speed skating, has been showing good results over the past few years, performing well at the Russian championships, at the World Cup stages. But before the prestigious competitions, something breaks down ...

So, two years ago, at the last moment, he did not get into the Olympic team and could not go to Turin, despite the fact that he had been preparing for this for two years. Last year, he performed well at the Russian Championship and was supposed to go to the European Championship. But it didn't work! The athlete did not have time to apply for a visa to Italy ... Weaker athletes went instead of him, they performed unsuccessfully, which is why the quota of participants in the European skating forum for Russia decreased to two people. To get to the Old World championship, which will be held in Kolomna from January 12 to 15, 2008, Burlyaev had to become at least the second in the Russian all-around championship in December. Andrey became the third ...

First spare

It's a shame, - says Andrew. - Last year I was not allowed to speak. The results were not bad, it was possible to declare oneself ... In Moscow, they openly stated: “Andryusha, take care of the visa yourself, we will soon have New Year holidays and vacations.” I thought, okay, we can do it at home somehow. But here, too, no one offered help. Then young Muscovites were put in my place. And we, frankly, blew all the places. All performed unsuccessfully, with the exception of Vanya Skobrev, the leader of the team. And it turned out that there will be two participants from Russia for the European Championship, which will now be held at home. I am the first spare. I will fly to Kolomna. Don't run, so train.

But I'm not upset anymore, I survived. I am 24 years old, and this is quite a bit for my specialization. I think we will live to Sochi. I feel that I have great potential, there is room to grow. This is what I will do.

I didn't believe the numbers!

-Do you remember the first time you skated?

At about three years old, my father put me on skates. We had a family tradition - every weekend to go to the skating rink, even though no one was seriously involved in sports. At first, I had such two-blade blades that were tied to felt boots ... Later, a hockey box appeared in our yard in Solnechnaya Polyana, where I ran on skates with my older sister, and I got white figure skates. I remember my dad demanded some kind of technique from me. You can even say that my first coach was my father. When my future coach Vladimir Bastrykin came to the 45th gymnasium, I was in the third grade. He invited me to join the section. And when the ice was filled, we were given the first skates and we went, then I did it better than anyone. Beginners usually “break” the ankle, they fall. And I got on my skates and began to cut circles. The coach called me over and asked: “When did you manage to learn like that? Everything, you will go to the competition.

The realization that “this is mine” came at the junior age, when the first powerful victories happened. I remember how I won the competition, where eminent skaters ran and I exceeded the international level by 25 seconds. I did not believe the numbers that I saw on the scoreboard!

You won't practice here

I don't go to Barnaul very often. We train where there are ice rinks. Now I have returned from Chelyabinsk. A modern sports complex was built there. A very good skating base in Kolomna - there is very fast ice, a chic palace.

- What is it like after such ice as in Chelyabinsk or Kolomna to go on the ice in Barnaul?

Of course, not the quality, not the level. You can't speed up on our ice. After completely ideal conditions the slightest breeze seems to be an irritant. Imagine what happened four years ago, when there was not a single ice palace for skaters. And it is in such big country! There are 17 ice rinks on the territory of one small Holland!

- Is there any point in such training?

Well, you can stand on the ice, slide. You won't practice properly here.

"I would sing with Daineko"

I have a couple of friends who have already left the sport, and I saw what it cost them. You spend half your life doing one thing, and then you abruptly drop it and plunge into another sphere ...

But you can't get away from it. I am preparing myself. Still, I really don't know what I'm going to do. Hunting to open your own business, some small business. Or try yourself as a sports lawyer. After all, this year I am graduating from the Barnaul Law Institute.

- On what topic is the diploma?

I decided to write a diploma at the Department of Criminalistics, about some robberies, robberies, thefts ...

Why such a choice?

I am familiar with this. I had an internship at the Central District Department of Internal Affairs. I went with the investigation team to the robbery, helped to draw up and document everything. We took fingerprints, looked for evidence. Well... that's interesting enough.

And now you're looking at famous athletes and wonder. Here Yagudin sang with Daineko. Seen the clip? I also want to surprise someone. Burn your disc. Or at least a song.

- Can you?

Yes! In the 45th school, I was a choir soloist. And then he began to be torn between sports and singing. The chorus girl said: "You decide, please." And here I am determined.

Speed ​​skating: security questions

- Is it true that skaters skate in such a strange position, because it's faster?

From the outside it looks like it's inconvenient. But no other landing is suitable for our sport. You can't run far if you stand. Such is the specificity - you need to resist the wind, cut through the air. Our overalls are made using special technologies, they are tested on special equipment - this is a whole science.

- Is it true that skaters move on ice at the speed of a car?

At a distance of 500 meters, the speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, can you imagine?! But there are falls. Overalls are torn, skates bend only in this way ...

- Is it true that you have to learn to endure stress?

Speed ​​skating is very "plowing". From the word "plowing". You need to endure a lot, step over yourself. The coach taught me this. Well and from the nature there should be data. If you have sprinting white muscle fibers, then at least you can endure it, at least not, you can’t stand it for more than 30 minutes. When you have two workouts a day for several months, fatigue snowballs. It happens that you fall down from fatigue, if only to the sofa ... This is considered normal for us.

Is it true that you can hate sports?

Overnight - no. Of course, everyone has temporary psychoses when something doesn't work out. Hunting skates break and throw away. And many do! At the Olympics, one could see how one Belgian, after the finish line, took his skates and started hacking them on the asphalt. I have never done this. Thank God, restrained.

- Is it true that before putting on skating boots for the first time, they need to be kept in the oven?

Yes its true! They need to be heated. Someone manages to do it with a hairdryer, someone with an iron ... Who has what is at hand. New skates are specially made narrow. It takes a lot of effort to put your foot in there! And to make it easier, the skates are heated. When carbon (the material from which the boots are made) “fits”, you need to put on the boot very quickly, lace it tightly and wrap it up elastic bandage. Then put your feet "in landing", as before the start, and sit like this until the carbon takes the shape of your legs.

- Is it true that skaters make good money?

I'm sorry to complain. Enough to live to make repairs in the apartment. Recently there have been commercial launches. There are not so many of them, but you can earn at least some fees. It's just a shame that those athletes who showed such results, even higher, ten years ago, did not have such an opportunity.

No privacy!

There is one problem. Because of the sport - no personal life. Today I came home for ten days, tomorrow I will leave for a month in another city, the day after tomorrow - for a week in Kolomna, then home for two days. And where is the personal life?

And after all, there were already serious relationships with girls, and it already seemed that the wedding was coming soon, that everything would be beautiful, that love. But no. And I understand like no one else that being alone for so long is hard, not everyone will decide on this. We recently sat in the bathhouse with the guys from the national team and discussed this topic. We have many older athletes, and only two are family athletes.

- Do you have a girlfriend now?

Yes. We met four months ago. And three last months I was not at home…

Is it possible to run a distance of 500 meters in 34 seconds? Yes, if you are not the first year in speed skating and your name is Pavel Kulizhnikov. This record holder is the fastest skater in the world.

Runners on short and long distances are unique people. They have only skates on their feet, not walking boots, and they manage to move at the speed of a car - 60 km / h. This speed skaters at the maximum. Why, under equal conditions, some run faster and others slower? Based on scientific understanding, speed is determined by several factors:

• physical qualities of an athlete;
• weather;
• condition of sports equipment.

The average speed of a skater is 40-50 km/h. There are two types of athletes in speed skating: sprinters and long distance runners. The sprint track is 500 or 1000 meters. Stayers must run 3000, 5000 or 10000 meters.

Important! To achieve the best result, the skater must be able to distribute forces throughout the race.

To answer the question of what speed a skater develops, you need to know the scientific understanding of speed running technique. It is based on the laws of physics, physiology and human anatomy. can be attributed to one of the most technically accurate. Each movement of an athlete should be filled with meaning, verified, honed to automatism. The main load is taken by the athlete's legs, however, without knowing how and in what position to hold the arms, body and head, it will be difficult for the skater to reach maximum speed.

How thick should a skate blade be?

To develop the maximum possible speed on the ice, the skates must have a minimum sliding resistance. Clap skates got their name from the characteristic sound they make when they slide. Made from carbon steel High Quality. Their blades are the thinnest when compared with figure or hockey skates, and are only 1-1.2 mm.

Important! The athlete must ensure that the blades are perfectly sharpened. The work surface must be smooth and level. The edge of the blade should form a right angle.

A distinctive feature of clap skates is the fixation of the boot. Only its front part (sock) is attached to the blade with the help of a hinge with a spring.

First World Cup

Amsterdam is the city that hosted the first official championship world in speed skating. This event happened in 1889. After 4 years, the capital of the Netherlands again hosted skaters from all over the world, but now on legal grounds. In 1893, a decision was made to give the competition a legal status, and the skaters took part in the first official world championship. True, at first only men. Women were allowed to compete only from 1936. The first World Sprint Championship was held in 1972.

First world record holder

Speed ​​skating, in which Oskar Grunden, a Swedish athlete, set the maximum speed, begins the chronicle of the history of world records since 1891. At competitions in Stockholm, he ran a distance of 500 meters in 50.8 seconds. In 1893, Alfred Ness of Norway broke his record by 0.6 seconds.

The next record holder appeared only 13 years later. It was Rudolf Gundersen. The longest could not beat the record of Hans Engenstangen. This was done by our compatriot Yuri Sergeev, ahead of the Norwegian by only a tenth of a second. Among women, the first record holder was Sofia Kondakova, who overcame the 1000 meters race in 1:36.8.

The most titled skaters

Become a champion no more, no less, but 40 times! Finn Klas Thunberg rightfully bears the title of one of the most titled skaters. He won world and European championships.

Among the Russian champions, the first lines of the list are decorated with the name of the four-time Olympic champion Evgeny Grishin. Among women, Lydia Skoblikova has achieved phenomenal sports success. At the IX Olympiad, she won gold, becoming the first in all four distances. Among women, she is the only six-time champion in the world winter views. The absolute record holder for the won gold medals is the American Eric Hayden.

Olympics 2018

In 2018 the Winter Olympics were held in the province South Korea, Pyeongchang, at the indoor skating stadium. The competition program, in comparison with previous years, was supplemented by a mass start for men and women. Representatives of 27 countries of the world sent their skaters to the distance. Between them, 14 sets of awards were played. The men's 500m race brought gold to Norway's Howar Lorentsen. Among women, the Japanese Nao Kodaira became the champion.

The Dutch skaters won gold medals in three distances for both men and women: 1000, 1500 (Kjeld Neuss, Jorin Ter Mors, Irene Wüst), 3000 (Karlein Achterekte) and 5000 meters (Sven Kramer, Esme Visser). The Canadian Ted-Jan Blumen was the fastest to overcome the distance of 10,000 meters. In the mass start, South Korean athlete Lee Seung-hoon was the first to cross the finish line, and among women, Japanese Nana Takagi. In the team among men, the Norwegian team won, and among the women, the Japanese team.

Figure skating

Skaters and figure skaters have not only common sports equipment - skates, until a certain time both of these disciplines were considered speed skating. However, what works well for one athlete may not work for another. For a skater, the main thing is speed, and for a skater, it is the high-quality performance of complex elements on ice and good grip of skates with a smooth sliding surface.

At the 2018 Olympics, figure skaters traditionally competed in men's and women's singles, pair skating and also in ice dancing. gold medal in single skating among men, the Japanese Yuzuru Hanyu won, among women - an athlete from Russia Alina Zagitova. A couple from Germany Alyona Savchenko and Bruno Massot climbed to the first step of the podium. In ice dancing, Canadians Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir showed the highest class. Their team also won in the team standings.

Myths about speed skating

Among the lovers of this spectacular view sports, there are many myths that have nothing to do with reality:

1. The earlier the better. Speed ​​skating is not suitable for the little ones. You can send a child to the section from 10-11 years old.
2. The ice on the track should be as frozen as possible. For the most comfortable grip, the ice should not be too frozen. Its optimal temperature for skaters is from -3 to -5°C, -6°C. The coldest ice should be -10°C for stayers and -7°C for sprinters. This will improve performance.
3. During the race, each athlete runs only one circle (inner or outer) throughout the entire distance. No. They change places. There is a special area for this. Thus, the athlete runs half of the circle along the outer circle, the other half - along the inner circle.

Who is faster - skier or skater

With skiers, the situation is different than with skaters. cross country skiers on average, they develop a speed of 25-30 km / h on the highway. But in skiing speed can reach up to 140 km/h. To determine who is faster, you need to take into account many factors, including the type of sports equipment, the quality of the track and weather conditions.

We reviewed the main features speed skating, found out how fast skaters run, debunked myths and met outstanding athletes. Now it will be even more interesting to watch the competitions.

Skating(English speed skating - "speed skating") - a sport in which the participants of the competition must overcome the distance along the vicious circle at the ice stadium. According to archaeologists, speed skating is one of the most ancient - skates discovered during excavations are 3200 years old and most likely belonged to the Cimmerians (one of the nomadic tribes that lived in the Northern Black Sea region).

Often skating was reflected in painting - one of the paintings of this kind is dated 1380. Skates are also mentioned in some written sources, the first of them, placed in Gemakh's Anglo-Dutch Dictionary, is dated 1648.

The world's first skating club was organized in Great Britain in 1742, and official competitions in this species sports were held in January 1763 in the same country. Also in England in 1772, the first book of rules for speed skating was published, which includes practical advice skaters and figure skaters. In Russia, a book of this kind, called " Winter fun and the art of figure skating" was published in 1839.

Speed ​​skating began to develop in the 50s and 60s of the 19th century: in 1830 a skating club was organized in Glasgow, in 1849 in Philadelphia, in 1863 in New York and Norway. Over the next 5 years, skating clubs appeared in many countries: in 1864 - in Russia, in 1865 - in France, in 1867 - in Austria, in 1868 - in Germany, in 1869 - in Hungary.

On December 8, 1879, the first national speed skating championship was organized in England for the first time in the world. In the middle of the 19th century, first in London, and then in other cities of Europe and America, jellied skating rinks appeared - before that, athletes used to compete in speed skating and figure skating only natural waters.

The first world championship in this sport took place in 1889 in Amsterdam (Netherlands). These competitions were declared professional by the International Skating Union.

Created in 1892 international union skaters - ISU (International Skating Union - ISU), now it includes more than 60 national federations different countries peace. It was at the ISU Congress in Copenhagen (1895) that the Uniform Rules for Speed ​​Skating were approved.

1893 - The first official world championship in speed skating among men was held in Amsterdam. In the same year, the European Championship in this sport was also held. Women also actively mastered speed skating - since 1911 they participated in single races for 500 meters and in figure skating competitions.

In 1936, the women's world speed skating championship was held, and the fair sex began to participate in the European championships only in 1970. Since 1972, the world championships in sprint all-around (500 and 1000 m) have been held.

Speed ​​skating (distances - 500, 1500, 5000, 10000 m and all-around) for men was included in the program of the first winter Olympic Games(Chamonix (France)) in 1924, and competitions of this kind among female athletes began to be held in 1960. It should be mentioned that at the II Olympiad (1928, St. Moritz (Switzerland)) there were no all-around competitions and competitions at a distance of 10,000 m.

Nowadays, speed skaters compete in speed at short distances - 500, 1,000 (for men since 1976), and 1500 m, and long - 3,000, 5,000 (for women since 1988), and 10,000 m distances. Speed ​​skating competitions are held on ice tracks, the length of which is 400 meters, width - 10 m (plus an additional 2 m for the safety of the competitors and the convenience of snow removal), turning radius - 25 and 30 meters. In addition, warm-up indoor lanes (length - 333 meters, width - 5 meters) have been created at some stadiums. Since the skater walks half the circle on the inside lane and the other half on the outside, the length of the track is equal to half the sum of the lengths of the outside and inside lanes. It also takes into account the distance covered by the athlete in the process of moving from one track to another. To delimit the lanes, a line (width - 5 cm) is used, applied to the ice with bright paint. A snow roller (width - 15 cm) is superimposed on top of it, the outer edge of which coincides with the outer edge of the marking line. In the event that the size of the ice rink is insufficient to create a standard track, the organizers of the competition can reduce the turning radius or mark the track of a smaller size.

From each national team in all kinds of competitions speed run 3 athletes take part in skating (until 1972, at distances of 500 and 1500 m for men - 4 athletes). All participants of the competition are divided into pairs and go the distance, moving counterclockwise along the ice track. The skater with the best time wins.

Types of speed skating:
. skating proper - a competition in speed skating, held on a long treadmill (400 m);
. figure skating- athletes (most often to the music) move around the ice field, performing additional elements of various kinds (jumps, spins, lifts, etc.);
. short track - skating competitions held on a short track (111.12 m).

At first, skates were made of wood. This is not entirely true. According to archaeologists, the femurs of animals served as the basis for the first skates. In the period from the XIII to the XVIII centuries. the base of the skates was wooden with attached runners made of iron or bronze, and a little later, steel.

Speed ​​skating and figure skating are different types of speed skating. Indeed, at the end of the 19th century, a process of "specialization" began in the ranks of skaters - athletes appeared who preferred speed skating or figure skating. However, a complete separation took place only at the beginning of the 20th century, before that, in all competitions, whether it was figure skating or overcoming distances for speed, the same athletes participated.

In speed skating, the absolute all-around championship has never been played. The procedure for determining world champions and Olympic champions in this sport has changed several times. In the period from 1909 to 1915, in order to receive the above-mentioned title, it was really enough for a skater to win 1-2 distances and get the fewest points in the all-around. In 1926-27, the winner was declared the athlete who scored the largest amount of interest at 4 distances and demonstrated at least one record result. But in the period from 1915 to 1925, in particular in 1924, at the 1st Winter Olympics (Chamonix (France)) to determine the champion, the results demonstrated by athletes at all 4 all-around distances were summarized.

Speed ​​skating records have been recorded since 1893. In 1893, for the first time, the titles of European champion (Swede R. Eriksson) and world champion (Dutchman Eden) were officially awarded, but records in this sport began to be recorded as early as 1890, and achievements that had taken place earlier were also taken into account. World records set by women athletes have been recorded since 1929, although the first women's world speed skating championship was held only in 1936. Records in small all-around have been recorded since 1956.

The sooner a person starts skating, the better. No, this statement is true for figure skating. But speed skating is best to start at 10-11 years old.

Skating is best done on well-frozen ice. This is wrong. The ice should not be too frozen, since it is in this case that the adhesion of the skate to the ice is possible, which decreases as the aforementioned substance solidifies further.

For all types of speed skating, ice of the same temperature and thickness is suitable. Wrong opinion. The level of grip with skates, strength, the possibility of chips, etc. depend on the temperature of the ice. Because for various kinds sports require ice of different temperatures: in figure skating - from -3 to -5 ° С (good grip with the skate is ensured), in short track - up to -6 ° С, for hockey games colder ice is needed - from -6 to -8 ° C, and on skating tracks the ice temperature is from -7 ° C (for sprinters) to -10 ° C (for long distance races). Ice thickness for different types speed skating is also somewhat different. For sprint and stayer races, a layer of ice 25 mm thick is enough, but on short track sites, the ice is somewhat thicker - about 40 mm.

Ice on artificial ice rinks always straight and smooth. Unfortunately, this is not the case, especially if the rollers are homemade. And for productive skating suitable for sports it is the most even and smooth surface, which takes place only on specially prepared ice stadiums.

It takes 2-3 days to fill the ice rink in the sports complex, and the ice can be melted in a day and a half. Melt the ice field and arrange, say, tennis courts or additional stands can really be done quite quickly. And the filling itself, according to international standards, takes no more than 3 days. However preparatory work on the ice field can take much longer. After all, before pouring ice, which in itself is a rather complicated technological process, the concrete slab located at the base of the rink is carefully inspected, repaired, and polished. This process may take several weeks.

One of the athletes overcomes the entire distance on the outside, the other on the inside track. Wrong opinion. To equalize the chances of winning, skaters exchange lanes in a special zone. As a result, each of them runs half of the circle along the outer path, the second half - along the inner one.

All participants in cyclic competitions (cyclists, skaters, etc.) pass the turn in the same way - away from the inner edge of the track. No, at the maximum distance from the inner edge of the track, only athletes who use any vehicles(cyclists, motorcycle racers, etc.) Since in this case they will be almost perpendicular to the track surface, the friction force will be minimal, the angle of the track surface to the horizon will be the smallest. It is this state of affairs that allows athletes to go through the turn with the highest possible speed. But skaters, on the contrary, try to stay closer to the inner edge of the track, since it is in this case that the resultant of three forces (friction, gravity, support reactions) cause centripetal acceleration, which means that the turnaround time is minimized.

If an athlete falls before the finish line, he cannot be declared the winner. This is wrong. According to the main rule of speed skating, if the athlete's skate crosses the finish line, the result will be credited to him, even in the event of a fall.

The technique of speed skating is mastered only during training on ice. Undoubtedly, such activities are extremely important. However, the importance of workouts that can be done at home should not be underestimated. Experts recommend that beginners first put on skates with sheathed blades and walk around the floor at home, do squats (both on two and on one leg). To this should be added walking on heels, toes, outer and inside feet, lunges, cross and goose steps in combination with arm swings are exercises that develop coordination and are similar in nature to skating. Thus, a person will gain stability and confidence, which is so lacking in novice skaters.

The main thing is to learn how to run on ice, moving your legs as quickly as possible. Wrong opinion. Professional athletes do not run, but glide, taking steps of the same length and using the acceleration of each step to the end. At the same time, they try to move smoothly and evenly, making strong shocks without jerks - this is the only way to really develop high speed. An increase in the frequency of steps is observed only in long-distance running (5000 and 1000 meters), when, as a result of growing fatigue, the push force decreases, and the skater has to change the tactics of running. However, it should be noted that high-class athletes cover the entire distance without slowing down, without changing the frequency of steps.

When running long distances, the skater feels best at the beginning, fatigue accumulates towards the end of the race. Not necessary. Experts say that in the 10 or 20 minutes required to overcome the distance, the athlete's well-being can both worsen and remain stable, and sometimes even improve compared to the one that took place at the very beginning of the race.

Skate models do not change very often, the latest invention is the clapper skates. Indeed, when purchasing skates, you can not be afraid that in a couple of years you will have to change them for a new model. However, klappa skates (or clapper skates, which got their name due to the fact that the spring that returns the skate to its place makes a characteristic sound when the skater moves), which appeared in the late 90s, differ in that the blade is attached to thumb feet, and not to the sole of the boot, is by no means the latest invention. In addition to them, there are models of skates with blades, the thickness of which in the front and back is about 1.1 mm, and in the middle - 0.9 mm, allowing you to increase the results demonstrated by athletes during competitions. And in Russia, the development of so-called adaptive skates or "adacons" (inventor - Lev Nikolayevich Aksenov), equipped with an adjusting unit that allows you to set the position of the blade in accordance with the anatomical features of a particular person, is underway. According to the inventor, such skates will significantly increase the speed of athletes, as well as prevent various problems with the musculoskeletal system caused by the fact that all modern skates have a standard blade position (on a line running from the middle of the heel to the second toe), not always coincides with the line of support of the foot.

The more expensive skating boots, the easier it will be to master the wisdom of this sport. Yes, expensive shoes have some undeniable advantages. For example, if the boot is made of thermoformable plastic, it can be adjusted exactly to the foot by yourself. It is enough to heat the shoes to a temperature of 60-70º C (in a sauna or bath), put them on your feet, lace them up and shape them with your hands to match your foot, simply pressing the shoe tightly to your foot. After cooling, you will receive boots that are perfect for you. Stability on ice is given by high sides of skating boots that cover the ankle. However, you should not think that without certain skills you will be able to easily coordinate your movements on the ice only thanks to branded shoes. To achieve certain results, it will take a lot of time to devote a lot of time to training aimed at developing the muscles of the foot and lower leg, improving coordination of movements, a sense of balance, etc.

The tighter the shoes are laced, the better. This principle is most often followed by beginners, who tighten the laces at the bottom of the boot with all their might. Professionals, on the other hand, say that in high-speed running, the leg needs some freedom. If the laces are tightened so that it is impossible to move your fingers, your legs will quickly get tired, and on an open rink they will also freeze. It is recommended to lace up the boots with a cross-shaped overlap, while in the lower part of the laces do not tighten very much, the middle part of the shoe should be laced tighter, and the upper part should be laced as loosely as possible. Only in this case you are provided with comfort during a long intense workout.

At first, used skates are quite suitable for training. Indeed, skates can be rented and it is not very expensive - about $ 4-5 for a couple of hours. However, it should be remembered that such skates are rarely of high quality, so it is better to buy your own anyway - their cost varies from $40 to $120.

The history of speed skating began in XII. Written sources have been preserved - the records of the monk Stephanius, evidence of the first competitions in London. The opening of the first discipline club took place in 1604. At the end of the 18th century, a set of rules for participants in the competition was published. The record speed of a skater has been officially recorded since 1890. Today, the champion title is awarded to athletes who win three out of four distances.

A person always strives for more, develops abilities and creates auxiliary equipment to improve performance. It is difficult to determine exactly what speed skaters are capable of developing. Its development on the track depends on physical training athlete, equipment, distance, condition of the ice surface. On the rink, skating enthusiasts move at a speed of 3-5 km / h, the maximum pace is 12 km / h. Traffic limits the congestion of the track. Developing great speed is the task of professional athletes. In hockey, players are able to skate at speeds up to 40 km/h. The record among hockey players was shown by Maxim Afinogenov, the speed of movement was 46 km / h. The average speed among skaters is between 45 and 50. The figures do not apply to constant data. On straight sections, the ability to develop speed increases. Statistics determines average speed 5 km more.

First world record holder

Oskar Grunden wrote his name in the history of sports. He became the first record holder in short distance at 500 meters. The Norwegian athlete overcame it in 50.8 seconds, it took a long time to improve the result. The speed of a sprinter was recorded in 1891.

The first person in the world to receive the status of Olympic champion three times on the same winter games became Claes Thunberg. An athlete from Finland began a series of victories since 1923. The young skater began to engage in discipline at the age of 18. For ten years of work, he managed to achieve world fame and top the list of world stars. The historic event took place at the stadium in the French city of Chamonix in 1924. At the age of 28, a resident of the city of Helsinki won the first European title. The next ten years were the most successful in the career of a skater. Best result brought the athlete a short track - a distance of 500 m and a track of 1.5 km.

Not ratified records

At the 2007 competition with Salt Lake City, two athletes did not receive the status of record holders by a judicial decision. Jeremy Wotherspoon - the representative of Canada did not receive gold in the sprint all-around. Chiare Simionato - Italy did not count 154.777 points in the small all-around.

The last failed record holder was Denis Yuskov from Russia. At the Olympics in Calgary, the result of 3:34.37 was not taken into account.

It was not possible to ratify the results due to a violation of the rules of speed skating.

The most titled skaters

Athletes - multiple owners of Olympic gold come from different countries of the world: Norway, the Netherlands, Russia, America, Japan, Finland. Women's world records received official recognition later than men's. The decision to start registration was approved in 1929.

Achievements of men

Among Dutch athletes, Jaap Eden became world champion three times. During his career, he set five world records. He managed to overcome the track of 1500, 5000 meters as quickly as possible. Compatriot - Adrianus Schendk achieved seven medals during his stay in big sport three times world champion. Robert Ritsma managed to surpass his comrades. He received the title of Olympic champion four times. The skater has six victories at the European Championship. Sven Kramer entered the list of the most titled speed skaters from the Netherlands in 2015-2017, having received a nine-time European champion title. Ice running helped Norwegian athletes to become world famous: Hjalmar Andersen, Johan-Olaf Koss, Michael Straksurd, Ivar Ballangrud, Oscar Mathiesen.

Russian Oleg Goncharenko is well known to the world sports community. An athlete originally from the city of Kharkov (Ukraine) showed a high result at competitions in Helsinki in 1953. The young talent won the 5,000 and 10,000 m tracks, received silver in the 1,500 m race. The past stages of the all-around brought him first place in the results, made him the first Soviet world champion.

Women's records

In the sports discipline, the world community is well aware of the name of Yulia Lipnitskaya. At the age of 15, the girl led the Russian team to victory at the 2014 competition in Sochi. Katarina Witt - East German athlete received the title of champion single skating twice, four times became the first in the world and six in Europe. Oksana Baiul, originally from Ukraine, became the Olympic winner in the 1994 championship and the one-time winner of the world gold in 1993. American Michelle Kwan climbed the world podium five times. The girl is second only to Sony Henie - the first and only three-time Olympic champion to date.

The fastest skater in the world

You can compare the results of speed skating athletes at different distances. The fastest skater in the world is the champion on the shortest track. Today it is Pavel Kulizhnikov. The Russian showed a record speed at 500 meters. In November 2015, a young man overcame an obstacle in 33.98 seconds and did not make technical mistakes. A young man from the Komi Republic from the age of 12 began sports activities skater. After moving to Kolomna, his father helped Pavel find his calling, gave his son to train in speed skating. Ice skating has become a matter of life. After the disqualification in 2012, Kulizhnikov did not give up. After the disqualification, he restored the name and showed worthy result, returned to the ice as a winner. A young man of 24 years old was the first among the Russians to achieve such heights of sports.

Myths and reality

Truth and fiction have a place in every sphere of human activity. Reality does not match the following statements:

1. The speed of movement of the legs plays leading role sliding on ice is a myth. Maximum acceleration is obtained when making almost equal steps. The best results are obtained when making smooth movements.
2. If a skater falls before the finish line, the result is not recognized. Assumption refers to fiction. The rules confirm the victory of the participant when crossing the finish line with the athlete's skate.
3. On long races, the participants of the competition accumulate fatigue. Medical research has proven the assumption wrong. At the end of the distance professional athletes feel better than at the beginning of the passage of the route.

Speed ​​skating is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. The development of the direction takes place annually: equipment is modernized, athletes master new elements. Every year new record holders are set, the speed of skaters at distances becomes higher. Spectacular sports discipline is ready to surprise fans.

Achievements of men in speed skating

Jeremy Lee Wotherspoon. Canadian athlete. Quadruple Champion peace. 1998 Olympics in Nagano - silver. The author of many world-class records at distances of 500 and 1000 m.

November 9, 2007 in Salt Lake City (USA) Wotherspoon overcame a distance of 500 m in 34:03 seconds. Already on March 15 next year at the World Cup in Calgary, Canada, 500 m x 2 - 68.31 seconds.

Shani Davis. USA. two gold Olympic medals in the 1000m and two silver medals in the 1500m in 2006 and 2010. Multiple world champion.

Records were set in 2009 in Salt Lake City:

Sven Kramer. Netherlands. Threefold Olympic champion. Six-time European champion. Multiple world champion. A swift legend at distances of 5 and 10 thousand meters. Max speed speed skater world record that no one has yet overcome.

On March 10, 2007 in Salt Lake City, Sven Kramer literally flies the 10,000m distance in just 12 minutes and 41.69 seconds. The very next day this unique person puts new record in the team race: 8 laps completed in 3 minutes and 37.80 seconds.

In Calgary on November 17, 2007, he accomplishes the impossible: two world records. Kramer covered the distance of 5,000 m in 6:03.32, and 3,000 m in 3:37.15.

Records of women in speed skating

In America, at the 2013 World Championships in Salt Lake City, miracles of speed were shown:

Two-time Olympic champion from South Korea Lee Sang-hwa ran 500 m in 36.36 seconds (November 16);

The 1500m record was set by Canadian Cindy Klassen also in Salt Lake City, only back in 2005, on November 20th. Her time is 1:51.79. The beauty is an Olympic champion, a four-time world champion and the author of 13 world records. Her achievement at 3,000 m - 3:53.34 (Calgary, March 18, 2006) has not yet been challenged by anyone.

The 5,000m record was 6:42.66 in Salt Lake City by Czech Martina Sablikova. She became three times Olympic champion, is a multiple champion of Europe and the world.