They are included in the program of the Olympic Games by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents ( summer views men from at least 40 countries on three continents) and the presence of ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
They are included in the program of the Olympic Games by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents (summer sports for men in at least 40 countries of three continents) and the presence of ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Main article: Sport sports competitions, united on the basis of the similarity of the rules, one sports federation, etc. Contents 1 game types sports 1.1 ... Wikipedia
Olympic summer sports- IOC recognized sports included in the program of the Olympic summer games: . water sports sports. Archery. Athletics. Badminton. Basketball. Boxing. Rowing in kayaks and canoes. Cycling… …
Olympic winter sports- IOC recognized sports included in the program of the Olympic winter games. . Biathlon. Bobsled. Curling. Hockey. luge. Skating. Skiing [Department of Language Services… … Technical Translator's Handbook
Sports that involve the use of skis in competitions. Olympic biathlon skiing(sport) Nordic combined ski race ski jumping snowboarding freestyle Non-Olympic ski windsurfing ski ... ... Wikipedia
Collective name of sports sports games) on skates, skis and various types of sledges, competitions in which are held on ice and snow. To Z. in. With. include: biathlon cross-country skiing with rifle shooting at the shooting range; ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Commemorative coins of the Central Bank Russian Federation dedicated to Olympic winter sports. Main article: Commemorative coins of Russia Series: "Sport" winter views sports The Winter Sports series, released in 2009 2010, consists of ... ... Wikipedia
Paralympic Games. History and sports- From the history of the Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games for the disabled in the world are considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Women's sports at the IV Olympiad in 1908- July 13 marks the 100th anniversary of the opening of the IV Olympiad. For the first time, women took part in these Summer Olympic Games, held in London. IV Summer Olympic Games were held in London from 27 April to 31 October 1908. Official… … Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Books
- , Zaitsev A. A., Poleshchuk N. K., Makarevsky A. B., Borisova I. V., Lutkova N. V. A team of authors created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects the systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for ...
- Summer olympic sports. Norms and requirements. Reference manual,. A team of authors created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects the systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for ...
Gymnastics, Athletics, skiing, skating, swimming, rowing, cycling, wrestling, boxing, weight lifting are main sports. Each of them has its own characteristics, consisting mainly in the effect it has on the body. When choosing, one should be guided by these features and take into account the individual inclinations of the person starting to play sports. However, you should always remember that the healing effect mainly depends on the methods of training, that is, on how much and how one or another sport is practiced.
Characteristics of the main sports
Briefly describe main sports:
- the basis of all physical exercise. The so-called basic gymnastics, which includes both morning hygiene and general developmental gymnastic exercises used by athletes of various sports specialties, aims to maintain health and general physical development. Sports, or shell, gymnastics on the crossbar, uneven bars, rings and other shells brings motor abilities of a person to a high perfection. The movements become precise, smooth, the muscles are well developed. However, the presence of a large number breath holding exercises can have an adverse effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in cases where the gymnast does not combine gymnastics with track and field exercises in running, walking, skiing, skating, swimming.
- This walking, running, jumping and throwing the discus, javelins and shots. These natural movements are especially well dosed and can be widely used by beginners in sports.
In adolescence and youth, jogging is recommended short distances(from 60 to 100 meters). At the age of over 40, when speed qualities deteriorate, endurance running exercises are mainly recommended. Classes athletics held all year round on fresh air, extremely beneficial effect on the body: nervous system, heart, lungs, blood. This allows us to recommend easy athletics even to persons with some deviations in their health.
It is one of the most popular and affordable types exercise. When skiing, they are involved in work large muscle groups, respiration, blood circulation is activated. The winter landscape has a beneficial effect on the nervous system. Learning to ski is relatively easy. Once the movements are mastered, you can gradually increase the dosage of walking, mainly due to distance. Age range for classes skiing very large. Skiing can be recommended for children from 5-6 years of age. Sports activities are practiced from the age of 12.
Skating
Classes speed skating also have a beneficial effect on the body, like skiing. Ice skating is a fun form active rest both for schoolchildren and older people. Sliding on ice reduces the effort spent on movement during normal running, and this allows you to use speed skating, even with pronounced deviations in health. Speed skating can be recommended in middle and even old age with a particularly gradual increase in load.
Hygienic value swimming very large. A person experiences a whole range of influences here:
- water affects the skin
- air procedures,
- sunbathing.
The difference in temperature at the entrance and exit from the water hardens the body, accustoms it to proper thermoregulation. Overcoming water resistance by active movements is breathing exercises. Rib cage at the same time it becomes convex, which creates the most favorable conditions for the work of the lungs. The work of the heart during swimming due to the difficulty of inhalation is increased more than in other sports. Therefore, in order to avoid a negative effect on the heart vascular system it is necessary, first of all, work out correct breathing , and only then move on to speed swimming. Children can go swimming from 6-7 years of age. At the age of 12, they can go in for sports swimming and participate in competitions.
- one of the most tedious types physical activity. All muscles of the body are involved in the work - arms, legs, back, abdominals. Therefore, rowing requires a good preliminary general physical preparation. People with disabilities of cardio-vascular system rowing as a sport cannot be recommended. You can learn rowing from the age of 10, and go in for rowing from the age of 14, and very gradually increasing the load and under the guidance of experienced teachers. When rowing, as well as swimming, an important healing element is the natural breathing exercises . It is impossible not to note rowing as the most effective means of strengthening the abdominal muscles. Despite a very intense load, with systematic training and rowing, you can practice until old age.
It has some features that make it very careful to treat this species. physical activity. The long bent position of the cyclist, the work of the legs with a motionless torso create not entirely favorable conditions for blood circulation and respiration. Therefore, the cyclist should especially remember the need for versatile physical activity: systematic exercises general developmental gymnastics, running and so on. Only in this case cycling bring about a healthy effect. Using a bicycle for walking, you need to gradually increase the distance only, without bringing yourself to clear signs of fatigue in the first weeks. Riding a two-wheeled bicycle can be taught to children 8–9 years of age. At 11–12 years old, they can be allowed 30–40-minute bike rides, and at 13–14 years old, cycling.
lifting weights, or weight-lifting , is very popular among the population due to the visual and quick effect of practicing it. Indeed, weightlifting exercises with a barbell, kettlebells perfectly develop body muscles, muscles of the arms, torso, chest. However, the effect on the nervous system, respiratory organs and blood circulation with one-sided passion for lifting weights may be negative, because associated with breath holding. Success in this sport can only be achieved by long-term general physical training: gymnastic exercises in combination with other types of physical exercises and sports. And even when you start exercising with a barbell, you need to systematically include in your workout running, skiing, ice skating and so on. This sport is allowed for people who do not have significant deviations in health, starting from the age of 16.
- one of ancient species sports. There are many types national wrestling. The greatest distribution enjoys classic or Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling. The impact on the body of all types of wrestling is very high. Resistance exercises are good for developing muscles and intensely affect internal organs . However, one-sided training in a struggle saturated with elements of tension can, like lifting weights, lead to overstrain. nervous and cardiovascular systems . Required here careful preparatory work and combination with other types physical training athletics type(jogging, skiing and hiking). You can engage in wrestling from the age of 14, but the first 2-3 years of training should be preparatory in nature, general developmental exercises and the study of technical and tactical techniques. In middle and old age, one can only continue wrestling, begun in youth. Starting wrestling after the age of 40 is not recommended, as this can negatively affect the cardiovascular system.
belongs to the so-called speed-strength sports. The combination of the alternating movement of the arms, torso with the work of the legs contributes to a good muscle development. In the process of preparing for the fight in the ring, boxers must use athletics exercises - running, throwing, jumping, general developmental gymnastics. The boxing match itself is replete with various situational moments that bring up speed reactions, agility, determination, endurance and other moral and volitional qualities. With proper training management, boxing does not cause negative changes in the state of health and perfectly strengthens the body. Classes in the boxing section are allowed from the age of 13. From overview the health value of the main sports, it is clear that they are all good in their own way and the result of practicing them mainly depends on the correct organization training process in accordance with age, health status, physical fitness and the regularity of classes. Only systematic studies sports give persistent health-improving effect, provide sports success, significantly prolong working capacity.
What do you think can unite swimming with athletics, and football and basketball with rhythmic gymnastics and biathlon? That's right - all these sports are considered Olympic. This means that they belong to one of the two programs of the Olympic Games - either winter or summer.
Non-Olympic sports - what is the concept?
But in fact, there are twice as many sports in the world as those listed in the Olympic program. What people don't do! And rugby, and sambo, and bandy, and many, many others. All these are non-Olympic sports, the list of which looks quite impressive. Why are some of its types are Olympic, while others are not?
There are many reasons. Let's say rugby - than this species sports bad? Not too popular? In Russia, yes. But, for example, in England, rugby matches consistently gather entire stadiums of fans. And so it is in many other countries.
In this case, this is not the reason. As you know, the Summer Olympic Games last no more than 15 days. For the Olympic championship, for example in rugby, much more time is required. Rugby is a contact sport. It is very labor-intensive, and the players are laid out completely and completely. After each match, they need additional time to recover, more than, for example, football players.
And it's also a sport.
Another reason is that many games can be classified as sports with a serious stretch. Do you personally know that bowling and billiards are also considered sports? Most people in Everyday life consider these activities only fun leisure, it would never occur to them that these are also non-Olympic sports. The list of them includes chess - and yet the vast majority refer to them only as a highly intellectual game that develops the brain, but not at all sports activity. And this is provided that chess, like billiards and the same bowling in our country, has its own federations, that is, they are officially considered sports.
The mentioned species have been repeatedly tried to be included in the program of the Olympiads in different years. Perhaps in the future this will happen. But so far they are not. Apparently not spectacular enough. After all, the Olympic Games are primarily mass events. It is hard to imagine how a full stadium of spectators will watch with bated breath a duel between two chess players.
Of course, all these criteria are quite subjective. For example, curling was recognized as an Olympic sport in 1998. It is not clear to the average viewer why curling is better or more spectacular than bowling?
Fight and don't give up
The representatives of the Federation Olympic sports sports do not want to come to terms with the status of such and continue to fight hard to be included in the program of the Olympiads. But to do this is quite difficult. And in order to "place" any kind of sport in the program, something else will have to be excluded.
If the program of the first Olympic Games included only 9 sports, then over time it grew so much that it was necessary to limit such a variety and even exclude something. Thus, such now non-Olympic sports as cricket and croquet, polo, which were present in it in the first half of the last century, were thrown out of the program. In the current century, baseball and softball have been excluded from the program, boxing is on the verge of exclusion.
Non-Olympic sports that don't want to be
Most actively fighting for the status of the Olympic representatives various kinds martial arts. They have achieved the inclusion of boxing, judo, taekwondo in the program of the Olympiads. Federations of karate, wushu, sambo, kickboxing and other types of wrestling bombard the IOC with regular applications. But they have not yet achieved results.
Despite the popularity of individual strength varieties, their representatives have not yet been able to achieve the abolition of the status of "non-Olympic sports". So, kettlebell lifting, powerlifting and arm wrestling are unsuccessfully fighting for this status. The Federation of Dancesport - a spectacular and very dynamic sport - constantly submits applications to the IOC, and is also constantly disappointed. But sports dancing cannot be called less beautiful or spectacular than figure skating, which is "written" in the program of the Olympic Games a long time ago.
Are there any lucky ones?
Same aforementioned smart views sports like checkers, chess, billiards also have little chance of getting into the number of participants in the Olympiads. There is an opinion that the IOC prefers competitions that involve real physical activity.
And yet, despite the fact that the program of the Olympiads is filled to capacity, some sports still manage to break into the number of lucky ones. So, relatively recently summer Olympic program replenished with golf, winter - snowboarding.
Most parents tend to define a child from an early age in some sports section. At the same time, non-Olympic sports in Russia are rarely preferred in our country. Choosing a view physical activity son or daughter, most often they stop at the one that is included in the cherished program. What is it connected with? The main advantage is government funding, which allows young athletes in the future to build a sports career.
A look into the past
If we turn to history, we can recall that we started on the territory Ancient Greece in ancient times. Then only men participated in them, and they dedicated their competitions to numerous pagan gods. The games always started with chariot races, were later included various martial arts, horse racing, pentathlon. In addition, in the Olympiads of those times there were competitions between heralds and trumpeters. Separate nominations, like running, have not lost their popularity to this day.
Now there are many sports that are known all over the world, prestigious, fashionable, moreover, they have an official competition structure and their own international associations. These are non-Olympic sports recognized by the IOC, but still not yet included in the Olympic program.
Some of them did not become such only because of limited popularity (in some countries). An example would be American football, some types are the same cricket and various extreme novelties.
Nouns ALPINI / ZM, climbing / climbing, climbing / learning. Climbing, climbing hard-to-reach mountain peaks for sports or educational purposes. CULTURE/gm, athletics/gm, bodybi/lding. A sport that includes a system ... ... Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language
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Paralympic Games. History and sports- From the history of the Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games for the disabled in the world are considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
The collective name of sports that combine general physical and technical training athletes and having a military applied value. Military technical sports include aviation sports, auto, motorcycle, radio sports, shooting, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Kinds of sports , . Developing cards of the series "My first lessons" will introduce the child to interesting facts about animals, transport, nature and much more. The kid will get acquainted with the rules of the road, ...
