They are included in the program of the Olympic Games by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents ( summer views men from at least 40 countries on three continents) and the presence of ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
They are included in the program of the Olympic Games by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents (summer sports for men in at least 40 countries of three continents) and the presence of ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Main article: Sport sports competitions, united on the basis of the similarity of the rules, one sports federation, etc. Contents 1 Team sports 1.1 ... Wikipedia
Olympic summer sports- IOC recognized sports included in the program of the Olympic summer games: . Water sports. Archery. Athletics. Badminton. Basketball. Boxing. Rowing in kayaks and canoes. Cycling… …
Olympic winter sports- IOC recognized sports included in the program of the Olympic Winter Games. . Biathlon. Bobsled. Curling. Hockey. Luge. Skating. skiing[Department of Language Services… … Technical Translator's Handbook
Sports that involve the use of skis in competitions. Olympic biathlon skiing(sport) Nordic combined ski racing ski jumping snowboarding freestyle Non-Olympic ski windsurfing ski ... ... Wikipedia
Collective name of sports sports games) on skates, skis and various types of sledges, competitions in which are held on ice and snow. To Z. in. With. include: biathlon cross-country skiing with rifle shooting at the shooting range; ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Commemorative coins of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dedicated to Olympic winter sports. Main article: Commemorative coins of Russia Series: "Sport" Winter sports The Winter Sports series, issued in 2009 2010, consists of ... ... Wikipedia
Paralympic Games. History and sports- From the history of the Paralympic Games Olympic Games disabled people in the world is considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Women's sports at the IV Olympiad in 1908- July 13 marks the 100th anniversary of the opening of the IV Olympiad. For the first time, women took part in these Summer Olympic Games, held in London. The IV Summer Olympic Games were held in London from April 27 to October 31, 1908. Official… … Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Books
- , Zaitsev A. A., Poleshchuk N. K., Makarevsky A. B., Borisova I. V., Lutkova N. V. A team of authors created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects the systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for ...
- Summer olympic sports. Norms and requirements. Reference manual,. A team of authors created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects the systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for ...
Olympic Games is the world's largest sports forum and sports festival. The modern Olympics are held once every four years. The Olympic Games are organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) headquartered in Zurich (Switzerland). The Summer Olympic Games have been organized since 1896. The history of the Winter Olympics began in 1924.
Let's try to figure out what sports are included in the Olympic Games. A sport becomes an Olympic sport by adding it to the official Olympic program.
The inclusion of any sport in the Olympics program can be initiated by the following sports organizations:
- International sports federation of a sport;
- the National Sports Federation of a sport through the International Federation;
- International Olympic Committee.
When deciding to grant the status of an Olympic sport, the International Olympic Committee analyzes a whole list of criteria that determine this affiliation:
- there must be an international sports federation a sport recognized by the IOC;
- The International Sports Federation of a sport must recognize and implement the "Olympic Charter" as well as the World Anti-Doping Code;
- sport must be widely popular this species sports should be regularly held competitions different levels, ending with the world.
Olympic sport competitions are held at the following intervals:
- among men in summer disciplines, tournaments must be held in at least 75 countries located on four continents;
- for women in summer disciplines, competitions must be held in at least 40 countries located on three continents;
- winter sport competitions must be held in at least 25 countries located on three continents.
Given the high competition in the struggle for Olympic status, when determining this status, entertainment, popularity among young people, the commercial component, etc. are also taken into account.
Summer olympic sports
The schedule of the Summer Olympics includes competitions in 28 sports, including summer and all-season disciplines. Competitions in Olympic sports are held in 41 disciplines. Consider these sports and disciplines.
It consists in conducting races on water. The distance is covered in boats by crews of one, two, four or eight rowers. At the same time, athletes sit with their backs in the direction of movement. The classic length of the distance is 2000 m.
Badminton
In it, athletes are placed in opposite parts of the site (court), which is divided into two halves. The actions of the athletes are to throw the shuttlecock over the net with the help of rackets. The one who reaches a certain number of points first wins.
Basketball
In it, in the "basket", which is suspended at a height of about 3 meters, the athletes throw the ball. Two teams of five athletes play. The team with the most points at the end of playing time wins.
Boxing
They box in the ring with gloves specially designed for this. The one who scores wins the largest number points at the end of the fight time, or ahead of time - due to a clear advantage, disqualification for violating the rules, inability or refusal of one of the fighters to continue the fight or knockout.
Struggle
The fight takes place with the use of a set of certain technical actions. As a result of the struggle, it is necessary to put the opponent on the shoulder blades (carcass) or win on points.
Cycling
Includes different kinds track racing, road racing, cyclocross, figure cycling, veloball.
Water sports
These are disciplines related to the performance of various activities in the water. Among aquatic species First of all, swimming in different styles and for different distances. In addition, such sports include water polo, diving and synchronized swimming.
Volleyball
This is a team match. Two teams compete on the playing field, which is divided by a grid. The task of the team is to send the ball over the net to hit it on the opponent's half of the court, preventing the other team from making the same attempt. There is a difference between regular and beach volleyball.
During the competition, athletes of two teams try to score from a distance of at least 6 meters the maximum number of balls into the opposing team's goal.
Gymnastics
Very popular view sports, including the performance of certain exercises both on gymnastic apparatus and without them. Gymnastics includes such disciplines as sports and artistic gymnastics, trampolining.
A type of rowing in boats, kayaks and canoes in which the oars are not attached to the boat. Pass in different quantitative composition athletes and at different distances. In addition to rowing, this also includes rowing slalom.
Judo
A kind of martial arts, when athletes, along with throws, can perform suffocating and painful holds on their hands. Athletes compete in kimono on a platform called tatami.
A sport involving a horse and a rider, associated with the implementation of a specific program. This type includes such disciplines as dressage, show jumping and triathlon.
Athletics
It is a sport associated with different types running, jumping and throwing various sports equipment.
This is a game confrontation between two or four athletes. The essence of the game is to throw a special celluloid ball over the net, which is stretched over the tennis table.
Sailing
A kind of competition associated with the operation of small boats (yachts) of various designs in the format of an Olympic regatta.
The main goal of any of the athletes is to hit the goal or bring the ball into the opponents' scoring area.
Modern pentathlon
The competition program includes five different activities: show jumping, sword fencing, shooting, running and swimming. Athletes receive points based on performance in all events.
Shooting
A sport that has long been included in the list of the Olympics. The program of the Summer Olympics distinguishes between competitions in bullet and trap shooting. Bullet shooting is carried out from pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber types of weapons. Target shooting is carried out from smooth-bore weapons with shot at skeet targets.
Archery
Olympic discipline associated with the use of a sports bow. The purpose of archery is to hit the smallest circle inside a round target measuring 1.22 m with an arrow.
Tennis
Game view, the competition of two rivals. Players use rackets and special balls. The playing field (court) is divided by a grid. Athletes in the game with the help of a racket send the ball to the opponent's side so that he fails to hit it or hit it in violation of the rules.
Triathlon
The most difficult discipline. The competition program includes a 1500 m swim, a 40 km bike ride and a 10 km run around the stadium. At the same time, gaps between different types are not provided.
Contemporary martial arts originally from Korea. Its main difference from karate is that fighters mainly use kicks during the fight.
Weightlifting
The weightlifting competition program consists of the snatch and clean and jerk. Snatch is an exercise in which the lifter lifts a projectile from the platform to full arm length overhead in one movement. The push consists of two separate movements - first, the projectile must be lifted from the platform and laid on the chest, slightly sitting down to push.
Fencing
It is also one of the sports, competitions in which have been held for a long time. The task of the fencer is to make an injection to the opponent, while evading the injection himself. The winner is the one who first inflicts a certain number of injections on the opponent, taking into account the rules, or inflicts more such injections in a certain time interval.
Football
One of my favorite sports. The essence of a football match is that two teams of 11 athletes each try to hit the other team's goal by kicking or heading the ball.
The essence of field hockey competitions is that the players of two teams of 11 athletes each hit the other team's goal with a ball with a stick as many times as possible and do not let it into their own.
Winter Olympic sports
During the Winter Olympic Games, athletes compete in 7 winter sports in 15 disciplines.
Biathlon
Cross-country skiing with guns over set distances, combined with prone and standing shooting at the firing lines.
Curling
The match is played by two teams of 4 people playing 10 ends, during each releasing 8 stones. The draw in curling looks like this: a player, shod in one sliding shoe, and the second non-slip, launches a stone from the starting block and disperses it on the ice.
Skating sports
Disciplines related to the performance of certain actions on the ice cover. These include figure skating, skating and short track.
skiing
Includes cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined ( ski race and ski jumping) skiing as well as snowboarding.
Winter Olympic sport representing downhill from the mountains along specially equipped ice tracks on controlled sledges - beans. essence luge is as follows. Men and women on single-seat sledges or double-seat men's crews go down the mountain in sledges along specially made tracks 800 - 1200 m long.
Hockey
The players of each team, passing the puck with sticks, try to hit the opponent's goal with it the maximum number of times and not let it into their own.
Aikido, chess, bandy, kickboxing, rugby, climbing, Combat Sambo, water skiing, sumo. What unites this list of sports? All of them are non-Olympic sports. Perhaps if they were included in the Olympic Games, the Olympics would become even more popular.
Have you ever wondered why non-Olympic sports are not included in the Olympics?
Non-Olympic Sports - Rugby
In the Olympic Games there are team sports such as football, basketball or hockey. Rugby is also a team sport, but for some reason it belongs to non-Olympic sports disciplines. And this is not at all connected with the fact that rugby is not as popular in the world as the same football.
In England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and South Africa, this sport gathers full stadiums. So why isn't it an Olympic sport? The fact is that the duration of the Summer Olympics is no more than 15 days.
In order to play the rugby championship, you need a lot more days. This is mainly due to the fact that rugby is considered to be a contact sport, therefore, players expend a lot of energy and need time to rest.
Rugby is the kind of game in which you can't cheat, the athletes give their best. Consequently, it takes them much more days to recover after a match than football players.
Rugby is the national sport of England. Earlier we talked about national types sports in more detail.
Non-Olympic Sports - Bandy
Bandy is played by two teams of 10 players each. Athletes move on the ice on skates.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has long recognized bandy as an Olympic sport, and was even going to include this discipline in the Winter Olympics 2018, but at the last moment they decided to change their mind.
Non-Olympic Sports - Chess
Non-Olympic sports The list can be continued with chess. They have long outgrown the status of ordinary board games. Championships are held annually in this sport and are awarded sports ranks. So why is chess still not included in the Olympics program?
With regard to the Winter Olympics, the IOC noted that only those sports that are played on ice or snow are included in their program.
Rising non-Olympic sports
In addition to those sports that we wrote about above, the Olympic sports program also does not include:
- Acrobatic rock and roll;
- American football;
- Armsport;
- Body-building;
- Bowling;
- billiard sports;
- Weight-lifting;
- Gorodokov sports;
- Jujutsu;
- Kyokushin karate;
- Karate JKS;
- Skittles;
- Kickboxing WAKO;
- Kickboxing WPKA;
- Cossack duel;
- Powerlifting;
- Paintball;
- Polyathlon;
- hand-to-hand combat;
- Fishing sport;
- Rock climbing;
- Sports aerobics;
- Sports acrobatics;
- Orienteering;
- Dance Sport;
- Speleology;
- Sports tourism;
- Sports bridge;
- Crossbow shooting;
- Ski-l;
- Thai boxing Muay Thai;
- Taekwondo (ITF);
- Universal combat;
- Fitness;
- Futsal;
- Checkers;
- Free fight;
- Tug of war;
- Pankration;
- Aesthetic gymnastics;
- cheerleading;
- Belt wrestling;
- Squash;
- Bogatyr all-around;
- Beach handball;
- Beach Soccer;
- Streetball;
- dance sport;
- wakeboarding;
- Sporting;
- Mini golf;
- Jumping on the acrobatic track;
- Horting;
- Aquabike;
- Aeromodelling sport;
- Motor sports;
- Automodel sport;
- Karting;
- Aircraft sports;
- Marine all-around;
- Motorcycle sport;
- Parachuting;
- Underwater sports;
- radiosport;
- Sports with dogs.
Who knows, perhaps in the near future the Olympic Committee will consider options for non-Olympic sports and include them in the main program.
We all know very well how the Olympic Committee has constantly changed something, added, introduced new rules and so on over the 117-year history of the games. For example, at the games in Paris in 1900, real live pigeons served in target shooting competitions, and 12 years later, in Stockholm, for the only time in history, competitions were held in shot put, discus throwing and javelin throwing with the right and left hands separately: it counted the sum of the two results. Also at different times the program included such exotic species like powerboating, tug of war, balloon racing and even art competitions.
By now, there are only 28 year olds and seven winter views sports, subdivided into dozens of disciplines in which medals are played. Nevertheless, every Olympic cycle raises the question of adding or returning to the program of the games some kind of sometimes undeservedly forgotten or ignored by sports officials. Also, provocative stuffing and comic proposals about plans to hold such marginal competitions as sheep shearing (the idea of the New Zealanders), pole dances and hide and seek (the initiative of the Japanese) appear regularly in the information field. However, according to the Olympic Charter, only sports that are widespread in at least 75 countries on four continents (for men's sports) can be included in the program of the Games of the Olympiad.
In this material, we decided to collect several sports that in the coming years have a very real chance of being included in the Olympic program.
Rugby
Rugby competitions were already held as part of the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1924. IN last time gold medals on V III Games in Paris won the team from the United States. The return of the ellipsoidal ball to the Olympic battlefields will take place in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. The Brazilian Summer Games will include a simplified and more dynamic Scottish version of this traditional English game, called rugby sevens by the number of players in a team. Obviously, this version of rugby was chosen for the sake of entertainment (only two halves of seven minutes each) and ease of organization - in classic rugby, 15 players play for one team at once, and the world championships stretch for a whole month due to large breaks between matches associated with huge physical activity athletes. Considering the future medal prospects, it is worth noting that in 2007 and 2009 the Russian team became the European champion in this type of rugby.
Synchronized figure skating
A much more exotic skating sport, which will also be included in the demonstration program of the 2014 Winter Olympics. However, this time it was clearly not Russian sports officials who tried: among the winners of the World Championship in this discipline figure skating held only since 2000, mainly Swedish and Finnish teams meet.
It is curious that the dance group entering the ice consists of 16 people, among whom there should be no more than six men. Among the elements in this type of skating there is the so-called "turntable" (aka "wheel"), when the ranks of skaters ("spokes") rotate around a common center, while the turntable with three spokes is called "Mercedes".
Streetball
3-on-3 street basketball on a half court and with one hoop, which originated in poor American neighborhoods in the middle of the last century, has been often mentioned recently in connection with the upcoming Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2020. The Secretary General of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA), Patrick Bauman, has been advocating for his Olympic status for five years now, especially after successful competitions at the Youth Olympics in Singapore in 2010, but so far the matter has not gone beyond regular negotiations with the IOC. It is also unclear whether players of regular basketball teams will be able to participate in this discipline and whether this will turn into another demonstration training session for NBA players.
Golf
At the Olympic Games, golf was played only twice: in 1900 and 1904, and then this aristocratic sport dropped out of the program for a long time, but only to return again 112 years later, all on the same upcoming Summer Olympics in Brazil. The last time at the III Games in St. Louis, USA, the representative of Canada became the winner in the individual competition, but gold medal The US team won the team event.
The dance group entering the ice consists of 16 people, among whom there should be no more than six men.
squash
Squash is a single or double game with two rackets on a court surrounded on four sides by walls, while the ball is one and a half times smaller and softer than in tennis. According to legend, it appeared in the middle of the 19th century at the Harrow School in London, when students, waiting in line for a busy racket court, began to play with a softer ball on the court formed by the four walls of buildings. The International Squash Federation (WSF) has been fighting for the inclusion of this world-famous squash in the Olympic program for ten years. It should be noted that in recent years a lot has been done to increase the spectacle of this sport. In particular, glazed and illuminated courts convenient for spectators were created, the game is accompanied by music, and referees use video replays and the HawkEye system to resolve controversial issues in Game. However, in September, at the 125th session of the IOC, squash missed its chance to get to the Olympics, losing in the vote to the fight, shortly before that, for some reason, excluded from the number of Olympic sports.
Bandy
Bandy, also known as "Russian", will be among the so-called demonstration disciplines at the long-awaited Sochi Olympics. According to the practice that has developed over the past 100 years, the International Olympic Committee allows each host country to introduce one or two additional types, usually traditional or extremely popular among the local population. For prizes in such events, slightly smaller medals are given, which do not go into the overall standings. Demonstration types may well develop into full-fledged ones, as happened, for example, with taekwondo, which was first demonstrated at the Olympics in Seoul in 1988, and in 2000 in Sydney, already included in the program. It is doubtful, however, that bandy will remain on winter olympics after Sochi - primarily because of its low prevalence: only 14 teams are fighting for the title of world champions, while Russia or Sweden will certainly win.
With its rules, this sport is more like football: two halves of 45 minutes, 11 players, a field football sizes, on ice only, offside, free kicks and corner kicks. Which, however, is not surprising, because this sport, despite the name, took shape in the UK at the end of the century before last.
Bandy will be included in the so-called demonstration disciplines at the Olympics
in Sochi.
