Sports games are a kind of outdoor games, a kind of sport. Sports games are diverse in content and effects on the body. As a physical exercise, they have a number of features. The continuous change of game positions during the game forces the participants to immediately respond to the actions of opponents and partners, making the necessary, often new, movements. Thanks to this, sports games, more than other physical exercises in which the sequence of movements is predetermined (as in gymnastics) or they are mostly repeated (running, etc.), develop such valuable qualities as resourcefulness, determination, the ability to quickly navigate in unexpected situations. environment. The need to comply with the established rules instills discipline in the players; playing in a team also brings up the ability to act in a team, a sense of mutual assistance. A variety of variations and combinations of movements and techniques contribute to the development of muscle strength, motor response (speed), coordination of movements (dexterity). All sports games to some extent develop the eye, increase the sensitivity of the motor and functional stability of the vestibular analyzer. Strengthened muscle activity during sports games improves the regulatory activity of the nervous system and increases the functionality of the respiratory system, blood circulation, improves metabolism, and increases the overall endurance of the body.
The degree of impact on the body of sports games depends mainly on the volume and nature of the muscular work performed during the game. The more varied and complex the game techniques, the more movements in it associated with intense muscular work (fast running, jumping, power struggle, etc.), as well as the more and faster the players move on the court, the stronger this game affects the body and the more valuable it is for versatile physical development. Any game in terms of a variety of techniques, pace, physiological load for experienced and novice players is different. However, regardless of this, each game always retains its inherent features of the impact on the body. This determines the possibility and expediency of using individual sports games among people of different sex, age and health status.
In this regard, all the most popular sports games can be divided into 3 groups.
The first group - badminton, volleyball, table tennis. These games are characterized by a relative variety of movements (hitting the ball, jumping, etc.), which contributes to the development of motor reactions and coordination of movements. However, the limited movement of players on the court, especially beginners, reduces the importance of these games for physical development (in particular, physical endurance). On the other hand, a small physical load and the simplicity of the initial techniques make these games widely accessible to people of both sexes, different in age and physical fitness.
For medical reasons, these games are also used in (see). Tennis also belongs to this group of sports games. Due to the wide variety of movements and mobility, the value of this game for physical development is incomparably greater. Despite the relative complexity of the initial techniques of the game, tennis, due to the possibility of dosing the load, is available to men and women, including the elderly. Teaching children these games can be started from 8-9 years old.
The second group - basketball, handball (handball) - differs from the previous one in a large variety and intensity of movements (fast running, jumping, catching and throwing the ball in different positions, etc.), frequent and quick changes in the game environment, and fast movement of players around the court. All this determines the versatile - speed, agility, strength, as well as physical endurance. The games of this group are available to both men and women not older than 40 years, since the abundance of speed and power movements, fast pace and mobility create a high physical load. Teaching teenagers the technique of the game can be started from 9-10 years old, training - from 11-12 years old.
The third group is men's sports games, among which the most common are football and ice hockey. The peculiarity of these games is the predominance of speed-strength movements in them.
The whole complex of techniques and movements is also much more diverse and more complicated: running (in hockey - on) with frequent and sharp changes in pace and direction, various techniques for dribbling the ball or puck and hitting them, techniques for fighting for the ball, permitted by the rules of the game, etc. More than the games of other groups, these games develop skeletal muscle and muscle strength, as well as general physical endurance. Along with a positive impact on physical development, football and hockey are more conducive to the development of strong-willed qualities (courage, determination, etc.). The general nature of the games, a lot of physical activity make them accessible only to young men (up to 36-38 years old). It is advisable to start teaching teenagers how to play the game no earlier than at 10-11 years old, training - from 12 years old (with a reduced load). The same group of sports games includes rugby, which is similar in its effect on the body to football, and water polo, the physical load and effect on the body of which are great due to the rapid movement of players in the water.
Sports games occupy a prominent place among the main means of physical education. The beneficial effect of positive sports games on the state of the nervous system determines the great value of non-fatiguing sports games as a means of active recreation.
At systematic training and competitions on sports games medical control is necessary (see). In the training of adolescents, especially those involved in the games of the 3rd group, general physical fitness is of great importance. In the medical control of sports games, special attention is paid to the prevention of injuries, especially in games in which power struggle techniques are allowed (football, hockey). This requires strict observance of the rules of the game and discipline among the players, the prevention of rough and dangerous games, the use of protective devices (shields in football, helmets, bibs in hockey, etc.). See also .
Olympic Games is the world's largest sports forum and celebration of sports. The modern Olympics are held once every four years. The Olympic Games are organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) headquartered in Zurich (Switzerland). The Summer Olympic Games have been organized since 1896. The history of the Winter Olympics began in 1924.
Let's try to figure out what sports are included in the Olympic Games. A sport becomes an Olympic sport by adding it to the official Olympic program.
The inclusion of any sport in the Olympics program can be initiated by the following sports organizations:
- International sports federation of a sport;
- the National Sports Federation of a sport through the International Federation;
- International Olympic Committee.
When deciding to grant the status of an Olympic sport, the International Olympic Committee analyzes a whole list of criteria that determine this affiliation:
- there must be an International Sports Federation for a sport recognized by the IOC;
- The International Sports Federation of a sport must recognize and implement the "Olympic Charter" as well as the World Anti-Doping Code;
- the sport must be widely popular; competitions of various levels, ending with the world level, should be regularly held in this sport.
Olympic sport competitions are held at the following intervals:
- among men in summer disciplines, tournaments must be held in at least 75 countries located on four continents;
- for women in summer disciplines, competitions must be held in at least 40 countries located on three continents;
- winter sport competitions must be held in at least 25 countries located on three continents.
Given the high competition in the struggle for Olympic status, when determining this status, entertainment, popularity among young people, the commercial component, etc. are also taken into account.
Summer olympic sports
The schedule of the Summer Olympics includes competitions in 28 sports, including summer and all-season disciplines. Competitions in Olympic sports are held in 41 disciplines. Consider these sports and disciplines.
It consists in conducting races on water. The distance is covered in boats by crews of one, two, four or eight rowers. At the same time, athletes sit with their backs in the direction of movement. The classic length of the distance is 2000 m.
Badminton
In it, athletes are placed in opposite parts of the site (court), which is divided into two halves. The actions of the athletes are to throw the shuttlecock over the net with the help of rackets. The one who reaches a certain number of points first wins.
Basketball
In it, in the "basket", which is suspended at a height of about 3 meters, the athletes throw the ball. Two teams of five athletes play. The team with the most points at the end of playing time wins.
Boxing
They box in the ring with gloves specially designed for this. The winner is the one who scored the most points at the end of the fight, or ahead of time - due to a clear advantage, disqualification for violating the rules, inability or refusal of one of the fighters to continue the fight or knockout.
Struggle
The fight takes place with the use of a set of certain technical actions. As a result of the struggle, it is necessary to put the opponent on the shoulder blades (carcass) or win on points.
Cycling
Includes various types of racing on the track, road, cyclocross, figured cycling, veloball.
Water sports
These are disciplines related to the performance of various activities in the water. Among aquatic sports, first of all, swimming in different styles and at different distances. In addition, such sports include water polo, diving and synchronized swimming.
Volleyball
This is a team match. Two teams compete on the playing field, which is divided by a grid. The task of the team is to send the ball over the net to hit it on the opponent's half of the court, preventing the other team from making the same attempt. There is a difference between regular and beach volleyball.
During the competition, athletes of two teams try to score from a distance of at least 6 meters the maximum number of balls into the opposing team's goal.
Gymnastics
A very popular sport that includes performing certain exercises both on gymnastic equipment and without them. Gymnastics includes such disciplines as sports and artistic gymnastics, trampolining.
A type of rowing in boats, kayaks and canoes in which the oars are not attached to the boat. Pass in different numbers of athletes and at different distances. In addition to rowing, this also includes rowing slalom.
Judo
A kind of martial arts, when athletes, along with throws, can perform suffocating and painful holds on their hands. Athletes compete in kimono on a platform called tatami.
A sport involving a horse and a rider, associated with the implementation of a specific program. This type includes such disciplines as dressage, show jumping and triathlon.
Athletics
This is a sport associated with different types of running, jumping and throwing various sports equipment.
This is a game confrontation between two or four athletes. The essence of the game is to throw a special celluloid ball over the net, which is stretched over the tennis table.
Sailing
A kind of competition associated with the operation of small boats (yachts) of various designs in the format of an Olympic regatta.
The main goal of any of the athletes is to hit the goal or bring the ball into the opponents' scoring area.
Modern pentathlon
The competition program includes five different activities: show jumping, sword fencing, shooting, running and swimming. Athletes receive points based on performance in all events.
Shooting
A sport that has long been included in the list of the Olympics. In the program of the Summer Olympics, there are competitions in bullet and clay shooting. Bullet shooting is carried out from pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber types of weapons. Target shooting is carried out from smooth-bore weapons with shot at skeet targets.
Archery
Olympic discipline associated with the use of a sports bow. The purpose of archery is to hit the smallest circle inside a round target measuring 1.22 m with an arrow.
Tennis
Game view, the competition of two rivals. Players use rackets and special balls. The playing field (court) is divided by a grid. Athletes in the game with the help of a racket send the ball to the opponent's side so that he fails to hit it or hit it in violation of the rules.
Triathlon
The most difficult discipline. The competition program includes a 1500 m swim, a 40 km bike ride and a 10 km run around the stadium. At the same time, gaps between different types are not provided.
Modern martial arts come from Korea. Its main difference from karate is that fighters mainly use kicks during the fight.
Weightlifting
The weightlifting competition program consists of the snatch and clean and jerk. Snatch is an exercise in which the lifter lifts a projectile from the platform to full arm length overhead in one movement. The push consists of two separate movements - first, the projectile must be lifted from the platform and laid on the chest, slightly sitting down to push.
Fencing
It is also one of the sports, competitions in which have been held for a long time. The task of the fencer is to make an injection to the opponent, while evading the injection himself. The winner is the one who first inflicts a certain number of injections on the opponent, taking into account the rules, or inflicts more such injections in a certain time interval.
Football
One of my favorite sports. The essence of a football match is that two teams of 11 athletes each try to hit the other team's goal by kicking or heading the ball.
The essence of field hockey competitions is that the players of two teams of 11 athletes each hit the other team's goal with a ball with a stick as many times as possible and do not let it into their own.
Winter Olympic sports
During the Winter Olympic Games, athletes compete in 7 winter sports in 15 disciplines.
Biathlon
Cross-country skiing with guns over set distances, combined with prone and standing shooting at the firing lines.
Curling
The match is played by two teams of 4 people playing 10 ends, during each releasing 8 stones. The draw in curling looks like this: a player, shod in one sliding shoe, and the second non-slip, launches a stone from the starting block and disperses it on the ice.
Skating sports
Disciplines related to the performance of certain actions on the ice cover. These include figure skating, speed skating and short track.
skiing
Includes cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing and ski jumping), alpine skiing, and snowboarding.
A winter Olympic sport representing downhill skiing along specially equipped ice tracks on a bobsled. The essence of luge is as follows. Men and women on single-seat sledges or double-seat men's crews go down the mountain in sledges along specially made tracks 800 - 1200 m long.
Hockey
The players of each team, passing the puck with sticks, try to hit the opponent's goal with it the maximum number of times and not let it into their own.
They are divided into gaming (team and individual), combat, cyclic, power and extreme. The most popular of them are game types, namely football, hockey, volleyball, basketball, tennis. Football is deservedly the No. 1 sport for most people on our planet.
It is estimated that there are more than 200,000 sports in the world. And this is not the limit, because they are created almost daily. In Russia, there is an official list of sports, where 159 entries are made. In addition, each type is divided into at least 3 subspecies, and the maximum of this value reaches 200. For example, motor racing has 104 subspecies.
Sports classification
Sports are divided into main groups. The first place in the number of disciplines is occupied by gaming competitions. The second place is occupied by the classics - light and weightlifting, martial arts, sports and rhythmic gymnastics. In third place, increasingly gaining popularity, extreme sports. In addition, there are specialized sports competitions: auto and motorcycle racing, cycling, shooting, skiing, swimming, etc.
The division of sports is carried out according to features that are common to all disciplines. Consider what sports are in the world, and how they are characterized:
- individual - sports in which one participant competes (golf, billiards, tennis, chess, croquet, etc.);
- cyclic - moving the body in space with the help of cyclically repeating movements (biathlon, swimming, kayaking, a number of types of athletics, etc.);
- team (game) - a team of players participate in the competition, which, as a rule, competes with a similar team of opponents (football, hockey, basketball, tug of war, etc.);
- power - participants compete in exercises with special heavy equipment (weightlifting, kettlebell lifting, bodybuilding, powerlifting);
- martial arts - an athlete defeats another as a result of force exposure under certain conditions (boxing, sambo, aikido, kick-boxing, belt wrestling, hand-to-hand combat, etc.);
- complex coordination - requiring from the participants special skills related to the control of their body and coordination of movements (parkour, diving, skiing, sports acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics, etc.);
- technical - competitions related to the use of the technical achievements of the society (shooting, speedway, karting, motoball, rally, etc.);
- applied - the participants of the competition demonstrate the skills of a military or economic plan (sport fishing, equestrian sports, sailing, orienteering, casting);
- extreme - competitions are associated with a great risk to the lives of participants (mountaineering, diving, speleology, sports tourism, winter swimming, etc.);
- aviation - the use of aircraft (helicopter and gliding).
Classic sports.
In terms of entertainment, athletics is comparable to team games: running at various distances, long jumps, high jumps, and pole vaults. Throwing projectiles: discus, spear, hammer.
Weightlifting aims to lift record weights in the bench press, snatch and clean and jerk while standing. This includes kettlebell lifting, bodybuilding.
Martial arts include all types of wrestling: classical, sambo, judo. Amateur and professional boxing. National martial arts: karate, taekwondo, jiu-jitsu, hand-to-hand combat. Fencing with swords, rapiers, sabers.
Artistic gymnastics is the performance of a complex acrobatic program. Performances on classic sports equipment: pommel horse, crossbar, uneven bars, rings. Jumping over a projectile from a running start, with the performance of acrobatic elements in the air.
Rhythmic gymnastics is presented among women. This is the performance of gymnastic exercises with musical accompaniment, showing the flexibility and grace of the body.
Winter sports
On the eve of the Sochi Olympiad, interest in them only increases. Particularly popular are:
- – competitions of shooting skiers;
- – the most beautiful, aesthetic and cultural winter sport;
- is a young but actively developing winter sport.
But he surpassed everyone, of course. According to one version, this name comes from the Old French "hoquet", which means "shepherd's crook with a hook." Hockey is a team sport; a game whose main driving force is the desire, through individual or team actions, to score the maximum possible number of goals into the opponent's goal.
Back in the 16th century, the Dutch practiced playing with sticks and a ball on ice. Later they taught this to the English and Scandinavians. But modern ice hockey owes its origins to Canadians. Numerous reservoirs and long winters helped the inhabitants of this country to come up with affordable entertainment. Initially, a heavy ball was used instead of a puck, and the number of players reached 50 or more.
In 1870, ice hockey became a mandatory competition at all sports festivals. The first rules for the game were invented by students of McGill University, and in 1879 the Canadian Robertson proposed a version of the first official rules, at the same time the first rubber puck was thrown into the game.
Montreal became famous for the fact that it was here in 1899 that the world's first indoor ice hockey rink was built. And even then she had artificial ice. The stadium could accommodate an unprecedented number of spectators at that time - 10,000 people. All these events took place simultaneously with the registration of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League. It is worth adding that the first team of professional hockey players is also Canadian, and was organized in 1904.
Water sports
All sports related to water are commonly referred to as water sports or "aquatics". Competitions can take place both on open water bodies and in pools; both between teams (synchronized swimming, water polo), and between singles (surfing, diving), with the use of additional equipment (rowing, sailing), and without it (swimming, diving). Learn more about water sports.
Ten sports are listed in, three more - regatta, surfing and diving - have every chance of getting there in the near future. Competitions in these types have long been held regularly according to clearly defined rules and attract a large number of fans.
Water athletes pay a special approach to the choice of equipment for classes and competitions. After all, in addition to its aesthetics and convenience, it must also have water-repellent characteristics, the ability to dry quickly and resistance to constant wet-dry cycles.
The popularity of these sports is quite high and has its own audience of fans.
extreme sports
This is a sport with a risk to life. Dangerous and unpredictable. Extreme sports include: mountaineering, rock climbing, acrobatic, giant slalom, motorcycle acrobatics, mountainboarding, diving, flyboarding. Surfing is a particularly fast-growing and popular sport among young people. New directions and currents in the extreme section appear daily.
Today, about 40 species are already known, and it is possible that a new one is being born at this moment. Everywhere: on the ground (boking, trial); on the water (aquabike, windsurfing), in the air (parachuting, hang gliding), under water (diving) and even underground (speleology) a surge of adrenaline and human emotions is used.
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Sports are always spectacular and therefore popular. What games and sports are there and how are they classified? For gambling people, this is a chance to get their share of adrenaline, an opportunity to be in the thick of things, to evaluate aggression, pressure, will. For people leading an active lifestyle, sport allows you to express yourself, show what you are capable of. There is a division among the disciplines, it is carried out according to the features common to sports according to the rules, nature or principle of evaluating competitions. We can find out what games are.
Kinds of sports
In game types, the main thing is action, since the presence of rivals is obligatory, and, according to certain conditions of the game, they must earn points. It is the one who, at the end of the set period, has more of them, is the winner. Or these points, according to the established rules, a certain number. What sports games are there? This category is divided into two subcategories:
- individual;
- command.
Individual involves the competition of two athletes. One of the features of such games is that it is impossible to replace a team member (for example, tennis). In this case, there is a knockout game, substitution is not allowed. We list what types of individual games there are:
- tennis;
- checkers;
- golf;
- chess;
- table tennis;
- billiards, etc.
In team rivalry, the competition takes place between two groups of athletes, and the rules are different here. Each member of the team has its assigned role, and only cohesive actions can achieve results. A certain goal can be achieved only if all the actions of the players are coordinated, well thought out. Substitution is allowed and therefore the line-up may be larger than required in the course of the game. So what are the sports in team competition? This:
- hockey;
- football;
- curling;
- basketball;
- handball;
- volleyball, etc.
Cyclic Views
In this sport, the task of the athlete is to repeat the body movements with maximum efficiency, to move in such a way that at the same time there is a greater speed or height. These include:
- ski race;
- rowing;
- cycling;
- Athletics;
- swimming;
- biathlon, etc.
Combat sports
What games are there to demonstrate strength and skill? These are combat sports, and they are especially spectacular. Opponents compete, demonstrating physical fitness (the strongest wins), but the use of edged weapons can be considered a distinctive feature. There are martial arts that have international status, and there are those that are common only in one single country. Often such martial arts go beyond the borders of the state in which they originated, and become popular all over the world. These include:
- boxing;
- judo;
- sambo;
- classical wrestling;
- Greco-Roman wrestling;
- karate etc.
Strength sports
Athletes who strive to show their best qualities and abilities compete in this category. It is by the way the participant demonstrates his physical abilities that the best one is determined. It includes sports such as:
- Weightlifting;
- powerlifting;
- body-building.
Complex coordination species
In this case, important criteria for performing elements are the complexity and quality of body movements. It takes into account how beautifully this or that exercise was performed, how artistically and accurately the athlete worked it out. The more often you train, the more skills improve, motor coordination allows you to complicate the program, to do it better. The winner is determined by the judges, whose level must be high. They determine the quality and artistry of the performance. These are types such as:
- figure skating;
- windsurfing;
- trampolining;
- sports and rhythmic gymnastics;
- freestyle etc.
Olympic Games
All sports are divided into summer and those that can be held only in winter. So what are the Olympic Games? When are they held and for how long?
Competitions such as the Olympics are held every four years, while the time period between summer and winter is two years. The Paralympic Games have also become very popular, with the number of sports included in the list increasing all the time. People with disabilities, just like ordinary athletes, participate in competitions, in olympiads (both in summer and in winter). Having found out what the Olympic Games are, we can say that they are all popular among sports fans, they are eagerly awaited and prepared for them.
Winter sports
These are special types, as certain conditions are required for the competition. Residents of not all countries can afford to engage in them, since weather conditions here are a decisive factor. So what are the winter games and types of There are many of them, there are those recognized by the international committee, and there are those that are considered national. Among the most popular are:
- bobsled;
- hockey;
- luge;
- ski sports;
- skating;
- curling;
- biathlon.
For the younger generation, sport is a great opportunity to express themselves, throw out the energy that is concentrated in adolescence. It is extremely useful to know what games and sports are. Now a large number of sports halls are opening, stadiums, swimming pools are being built, so that everyone can choose an activity to their liking. The past Olympic Games showed that all efforts were not in vain. Our winners deserve recognition. This is a good example to follow as their drive to win is truly fantastic. And the Paralympic athletes showed a record result, we have someone to be proud of.
