(Fig. 60). The combat stance is taken on the command "STAND".

Rice. 60. Rack

At this command, quickly get into line and stand straight, without tension, put your heels together, and deploy your socks along the front line to the width of your feet; straighten the legs at the knees, but do not strain; raise the chest, and move the whole body forward a little; pick up the stomach; expand shoulders; lower your hands so that the hands, palms turned inward, are on the side and in the middle of the hips, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without exposing your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action.

On the spot, at the command "ATTEST", quickly take a combat stance and do not move.

The position "at attention" on the spot is accepted even without a command: during the performance of the National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus, when giving and receiving orders, when reporting and addressing military personnel to each other, during military salute, as well as when issuing commands.

At the command "WILL" become free, weaken the right knee or left leg, but do not leave the place, do not weaken attention, do not talk.

At the command "REFUEL", without leaving your place in the ranks, fix weapons, uniforms and equipment; if necessary, fail - for permission to apply to the immediate supervisor; talking and smoking - only with the permission of the senior commander. Before the command “REFUEL”, the command “FREE” is given.

To remove the headgear, the command “REMOVE the headgear (headdress)” is given, and to put it on, “PUT ON the headgear (headdress)”. If necessary, single military personnel take off their hats and put them on without a command. The removed headdress is held in the left freely lowered hand with a star (cockade) forward.

Turns in place. Turns on the spot are performed according to the commands: “Direction-IN”, “Half-turn right-IN”. “Nale-VO”, “Half-turn on left-VO”. Kru-GOM.

Turns in a circle (for 1/2 circle), to the left (for 1/4 circle), half a turn to the left (for 1/8 circle) are performed towards the left hand on the left heel and on the right toe; to the right and half a turn to the right - to the side right hand on the right heel and on the left toe.

Turns are performed in two counts: turn on the first count, keeping correct position body, and without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front standing foot, according to the second account, put the other leg in the shortest way.

Movement. The movement is made by walking or running. Normal walking speed is 110-120 steps per minute. Step size 70-80 cm. Normal running speed is 165-180 steps per minute. Step size 85-90 cm.

The step is drill and marching.

The drill step (Fig. 61) is used when passing units in a solemn march; during a military greeting by them on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in combat exercises.

Rice. 61. Marching

The marching step is applied in all other cases.

Movement with a marching step begins at the command "Standing step - MARCH" (in the movement "Stroevy - MARSH"), and movement with a marching step at the command "Step - MARCH". On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.

When moving with a drill step, take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground and put it firmly on the entire foot, separating the other leg from the ground at the same time. With hands, starting from the shoulder, perform movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body; back to failure shoulder joint. The fingers are half bent. In movement, keep the head and body straight, look in front of you.

When moving with a marching step, take the leg out freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground, as in normal walking; hands to perform free movements around the body.

When moving at a marching step, at the command "AT ATTENTION", go to a combat step. When moving with a marching step, on the command “FREE”, go at a marching step.

On the command "REFILL" it is allowed to correct weapons, uniforms and equipment, if necessary - contact the immediate superior. Get out of order and talk - only with the permission of the commander.

Running begins at the command "Running - MARCH". When moving from a place on a preliminary command, the body is slightly forward, the arms are half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back; on the executive command, start running with the left foot, with your hands to perform free movements forward and backward in time with the run.

A step (run) on the spot (Fig. 62) is carried out on the command "On the spot, step (run) - MARCH". At this command, the step should be indicated by raising and lowering the legs, while the leg is raised 15-20 cm from the ground and placed on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track (when running - to the front); hands perform movements in time with the step.

Rice. 62. Step in place

On the command “STRAIGHT”, given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step (running).

A command is given to stop the movement. For example: "Private Petrov - STOP." According to the executive command, given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting the foot down, take the “at attention” position.

To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: “WIDER STEP”, “SHORT STEP”, “FORTER STEP”. "Re-JE". "HALF STEP", "FULL STEP".

To move single soldiers a few steps to the side, a command is given, for example: "Private Petrov, two steps to the right (left), one step - MARCH." At this command, the soldier takes two steps to the right (left), placing his foot after each step.

To move forward or backward a few steps, a command is given, for example, "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH." On this command, take two steps forward (back) and put your foot.

When moving to the right, left and back, the movement of the hands is not performed.

Turns in motion. Turns in motion in steps are performed according to the commands: “Direct-IN”. “Half-turn to the right-IN”, “Nale-VO”, “Half-turn to the right-VO”, “All around - MARCH”.

To turn right and half turn to the right, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. At this command, take a step from the left foot, turn on the toe of the left foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the right foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

For a turn to the left and half a turn to the left, the executive command is given simultaneously with the landing of the left foot on the ground. At this command, take a step from the right foot, turn on the toe of the right foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the left foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. At this command, take one more step with the left foot (on a count of times), move the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (two in a count), continue to move from the left foot in a new direction (for a count of three).

When turning, the movement of the hands is performed in time with the step.

Turns and half-turns to the right and left when running are performed according to the same commands as when walking, turning in one place for two counts to the beat of running. A turn around on the run occurs towards the left hand in one place for four counts per beat of the run.

1. Tell and show how the combat stance is performed.
2. Tell us about the actions of the servicemen on the commands "Attention", "At ease", "Refuel".
3. Perform turns on the spot and on the move, show the movement with a drill step.

1. Combat step

The drill step is used when passing units in a solemn march; when they perform a military greeting on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in drill training.

Movement with a marching step is carried out at a pace of -100–120 steps per minute. Step size - 70 - 80 cm.

Marching starts on command "Commander step - MARCH" (in move "Stroev - MARCH" ).

On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.

When moving with a drill step, take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground and put it firmly on the entire foot.

With hands, starting from the shoulder, make movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body, and the elbow is at the level of the hand; back - to failure in the shoulder joint.

The fingers are bent, keep the head straight, look in front of you.

When walking on command "QUIETLY" go to the marching step. When moving in marching order on command "WILL" walk at a walking pace. During the designation of a step in place on command "DIRECTLY" , given simultaneously with the setting of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step. In this case, the first three steps should be drill.

The sequence of learning to move with a marching step:

• arm movement training
• training in the designation of a step in place;
• training in motion with a drill step for four counts;
• training in motion with a drill step for two counts;
• training in motion with a drill step at a slow pace (at a speed of 50-60 steps per minute);
• training in motion with a drill step at a set pace according to the marking of the construction site;
• general training in movement with a drill step along the parade ground without marking;
• acceptance of accounts.

The technique of learning the drill

Having told about the use of the combat step, the commander proceeds to learn it with the squad. Learning to move with a marching step, like every new technique, should begin with an exemplary demonstration and explanation.

Movement with a marching step for four counts: a - position before the start of the movement; b - the beginning of the movement (first step); c - position at the end of the first step

Preparatory exercise- hand movement

To perform the preparatory exercise - the movement of the hands, the command is given: “Movement with your hands, do it - ONE, do it - TWO.”

By account "do - ONCE" bend the right arm at the elbow, moving it from the shoulder near the body so that the hand rises a palm's width above the belt buckle and is at a palm's distance from the body; simultaneously left hand pull back to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers should be bent, and the elbow of the right hand should be slightly raised.

By account "do - TWO" move the left hand forward, and the right, starting from the shoulder, back to failure.

After each count, the commander holds the position of the trainees' hands and corrects their mistakes.

Preparatory exercise for hands with a step in place

To perform a preparatory exercise for hands with a step in place, the following commands are given: "On the spot, step - MARCH", and then - "Movement of hands with a step in place, ONE, TWO."

By account "ONCE" take a step in place with your left foot, lifting it bent at the knee 15-20 cm from the ground and lowering it to the ground, on the entire foot, starting from the toe. Bend the right arm at the elbow, moving it from the shoulder near the body so that the hand rises a palm's width above the belt buckle and is at a palm's distance from the body; at the same time, pull the left arm back until failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers should be bent, and the elbow of the right hand should be slightly raised.

By account "TWO" similarly take a step in place with the right foot.

Preparatory exercise - movement in a marching step in divisions into four counts

To perform a preparatory exercise - movement in a drill step in divisions into four counts, a command is given: "Combat step, by division into four counts, step - MARCH" . After command "March" account is made: "One two three four. One two three four" and so on. Check "once" pronounced loudly.

By prior command "Step" move the body a little forward, transferring the weight of the body more to the right leg and maintaining stability.

By executive command "March" and by account "ONCE" start the movement with the left foot, with a full step, bringing the foot forward with the toe extended.

The foot should be parallel to the ground and extended to a height of 15–20 cm. The foot should be placed firmly on the ground on the entire foot, while at the same time lifting the right leg off the ground and pulling it half a step forward to the heel of the left leg. Simultaneously with the step, move the right hand forward, bend it at the elbow, moving it from the shoulder near the body so that the hand rises a palm's width above the belt buckle and is at a palm's distance from the body; at the same time, pull the left arm back until failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers should be bent, and the elbow of the right hand should be slightly raised. Then stand on the left leg with lowered hands, the right leg is straight, with the toe almost at the very ground.

By account "two three four" make an excerpt, eliminating the mistakes made at this time.

On the next account "ONCE" repeat the movement with the right foot, and in a row "two three four" exposure again, etc.

Preparatory exercise - movement in a drill step in divisions into two counts

To perform a preparatory exercise - movement in a drill step in divisions into two counts, a command is given: "Combat step, by division into two accounts, step - MARCH" and the count is made: “one, two; one, two" etc.

Under the account "once" take a step forward with the left foot with the movement of the hands and stop on the left foot with the hands lowered at the hips.

Under the account "two" make a short excerpt to eliminate comments

On the next account "once" take a full step with the right foot, as well as with the left, stopping on it with the hands lowered at the hips. If mistakes are made in the process of performing the preparatory exercise for splitting into two counts, the exercise for four counts should be repeated again.

General walk training

Training begins with learning to move in a marching step as a whole at a pace of 50–60 steps per minute, followed by an increase in the rate of movement to 110–120 steps per minute. To correct mistakes, it is recommended that from the full pace of movement in a marching step, go back to moving in divisions into four or two counts.

Then you should move on to training the movement with a drill step in the ranks of the squad (platoon).

At the end of learning to move with a marching step, the commander accepts a test from each trainee.

Typical mistakes when moving with a marching step:

• the body is retracted;
• lack of coordination in the movement of arms and legs;
• head down;
• the movement of the arms near the body is made not from the shoulder, but due to bending at the elbows;
• lifting the leg from the ground is much lower (higher) than 15 cm;
• step size is less (greater) than 70–80 cm;
• the leg is brought behind the leg;
• the movement of the arms forward is made significantly lower (higher) than the set height, and when moving backward - not to failure in the shoulder joint.

When learning to move with a marching step, it is necessary to ensure that the soldiers do not sway from side to side when moving. The reason for swaying is the wrong positioning of the legs when moving: instead of putting the legs inside stop along the axis of movement, put them to the sides, while the center of gravity of the body with each step shifts either to the right or to the left.

If a soldier seems to bounce while moving with a marching step, he needs to point out his mistake and demand that he transfer the weight of the body from foot to foot evenly, and not jerkily. It is impossible to allow skidding of one leg after the other when moving.

1.2. Turns in motion. Commands given when making turns

Turns in motion are performed by commands: "Napra-VO", "Nale-VO", "All around - MARCH".

To turn right (left), the executive command is given simultaneously with the right (left) foot on the ground. On this command, take a step from the left (right) foot, turn on the toe of the left (right) foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the right (left) foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take one more step with the left foot (on a count of times), take the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (on a count of two), continue to move from the left foot in a new direction (for a count of three). When turning, the movement of the hands is made to the beat of the step.

Learning to turn to the right in divisions into three counts

To perform a turn in motion to the right in divisions into three counts, the command is given: “Turn in motion to the right, along the divisions; do - ONE, do - TWO, do - THREE.

By account "do - ONCE" take a drill step with your left foot forward, swinging your arms to the beat of the step, and stop in a position with your arms down.

By account "do - TWO" turn sharply to the right on the toe of the left foot simultaneously with the turn, bring the right foot forward and take a step in a new direction.

By account "do - THREE" put your left foot.

Under the next account repeat the reception from the beginning.

Practicing turning while moving to the right in four count divisions

To conduct a turn training in motion to the right in divisions into four counts with a movement of three steps forward, the command is given: “Turn in motion to the right for four counts, step - MARCH” and the calculation is made: "one two Three. FOUR".

Under the account "one two Three» take three marching steps forward along the line of the square.

Under a loud score "FOUR" - make a right turn and step.

Under the next account "one two three four" repeat the exercise.

Learning to turn to the left by division into three counts

To perform a turn while moving to the left, according to divisions into three counts, the command is given: “Turn in traffic to the left, by divisions; do - ONE, do - TWO, do - THREE.

By account "do - ONCE" take a drill step with your left foot forward, and then with your right, swinging your arms to the beat of the step, and stop in a position with your arms down.

By account "do - TWO" turn sharply to the left on the toe of the right foot simultaneously with the turn, bring the left foot forward and take a step in a new direction.

By account "do - THREE" put your left foot.

Under the next account "do - ONE", "do - TWO", "do - THREE" repeat the reception from the beginning.

Left turn practice in four-count splits

To carry out the turn training to the left in divisions into four counts with four steps forward, the command is given: "Turn to the left in four counts, step - MARCH" and then counting "One two three four".

Under the account "One two three four" take four marching steps.

Under the next loud bill "ONCE" make a turn and step.

Under the account "two three four" keep moving.

Under the next account "One two three four" the exercise is repeated.

Learning to turn in a circle in divisions into four counts

To perform a turn in motion in a circle in divisions into four counts, the command is given: “Turn around in a circle, along divisions; do - ONE, do - TWO, do - THREE, do - FOUR.

By account "do - ONCE"

By account "do - TWO"

By account "do - THREE" move the left leg forward to a height of 15-20 cm and fix the position in which the right hand is higher than the waist belt buckle to the width of the palm and at the same distance from the body, the left hand is pulled back to failure.

By account "do - FOUR" vigorously put the right foot to the left foot and take a combat stance.

Practicing turning in a circle in four-count splits

To conduct a turn training in a circle in divisions into four counts, the command is given: "Turn around in a circle for four counts, step - MARCH" and then counting "one two three four".

By account "once" take a step forward with your left foot, swinging your arms to the beat of the step.

By account "TWO" take the right leg half a step forward and slightly to the left, making hand movements in time with the step. Simultaneously with the placement of the toe of the right foot on the ground, move the body slightly forward and on the toes of both legs turn sharply around over the left shoulder.

By account "three" take the left leg forward to a height of 15-20 cm, while the right hand should be higher than the buckle of the waist belt to the width of the palm and at the same distance from the body, the left hand should be pulled back to failure.

By account "four" take a step with your right foot.

Under the next account "one two three four" the exercise is repeated.

Typical mistakes when making turns on the move:

• turn in motion is made out of time;
• turn to the right (left), half a turn to the right (left) is not made on the toe of the left (right) leg;
• the turn around was not made on the toes of both legs;
• the movement of the hands when turning is not done in time with the step.

2. Performing a military salute on the spot and on the move. The procedure for performing a military salute out of formation

2.1. Performing a military salute on the spot. The procedure for performing a military salute out of formation

Performing a military salute on the spot out of formation without a headgear

To perform a military salute on the spot outside the formation without a headgear, three or four steps before the chief (senior) turn in his direction, take a combat stance and look at his face, turning his head after him.

When the chief (senior) passes the person performing the military greeting, put his head straight

Learning a military salute on the spot out of formation without a headdress in divisions into two counts

To perform a military salute on the spot out of formation without a headdress, a command is given in divisions into two counts, for example: “To perform a military greeting on the spot without a headgear, the chief from the front (right, left, rear), according to the divisions: “do - ONE, do - TWO.”

"do - ONCE" take the position of a military stance, if necessary, turn in his direction, while putting your foot down, vigorously turn your head with a raised chin towards the boss, look into the boss’s face, turning your head after him.

By account "do - TWO" "at ease".

To perform a military salute in place out of formation in a headdress, three to four steps before the chief (senior) turn in his direction, take a combat stance, attach the right hand to the headdress in the shortest possible way so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touched the lower edge of the headdress (near the visor), and the elbow was at the line and height of the shoulder and looked into his face, turning his head after him. When turning the head towards the chief (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged.

When the chief (senior) passes the person performing the military greeting, put his head straight and at the same time lower his hand.

Learning a military greeting on the spot out of formation in a headdress by division into two counts

To perform a military salute on the spot out of formation in a headdress for divisions into two counts, a command is given, for example: “To perform a military greeting on the spot in a headdress, the head from the front (right, left, rear), according to the divisions: “do - ONE, do - TWO.”

When the boss approaches, three or four steps in a row "do - ONCE" take the position of a combatant, if necessary - turn in his direction, put the shortest way with your right hand to the headgear so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headgear (near the visor), and the elbow is on the line and height shoulder and look into his face, turning his head after him. When turning the head towards the chief (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged.

By account "do - TWO" put the head straight and take a position "at ease".

Typical mistakes when performing a military greeting on the spot in a headdress and without it

The military salute is completed in less than three or four steps. The hand to the headgear is attached incorrectly:

2.2. Performing a military salute on the move. The procedure for performing a military salute out of formation

Performing a military salute while out of formation without a headgear

To perform a military salute in motion out of formation without a headgear, three or four steps before the chief (senior), simultaneously with setting the foot, stop moving with your hands, turn your head in his direction and, continuing to move, look at his face. Having passed the chief (senior), put your head straight and continue to move with your hands.

With the second step, put your head straight.

Learning a military salute while moving out of formation without a headdress in divisions into three (four) counts

To perform a military salute on the spot out of formation without a headgear, according to divisions into three (four) counts, the command is given: “Military salute in motion, chief on the right (left), by division: do it - ONE, two, three (four)” .

By account "do - ONCE" take a step with your left foot, at the same time as placing it on the ground, stop moving with your hands and turn your head towards the boss.

By account "two three four)" continue the movement with clasped hands and turned head.

On the next account "do - ONCE" under the left leg and at the same time as placing the left foot on the ground, put the head straight and continue to move with the hands.

By account "two three four)" taking two (three) free steps.

On the next account "do - ONCE" , repeat the exercise in the same order with a pace of movement of 60-70 steps per minute.

When wearing a headgear, simultaneously with placing your foot on the ground, turn your head and put your right hand on the headgear, keep your left hand motionless at the hip; having passed the chief (senior), simultaneously with placing the left foot on the ground, put the head straight and lower the right hand.

When overtaking a chief (senior), perform a military salute with the first step of overtaking.

With the second step, put your head straight and lower your right hand.

Learning the military salute while out of formation in a headdress in divisions into six counts

To perform a military salute in motion out of formation in a headdress, according to divisions into six counts, the command is given: “Military salute in motion, chief on the right (left), by division: do it - ONE, two, three, four, five, six” .

By account "do - ONCE" take a step with your left foot and, with your foot on the ground, turn your head towards the boss, at the same time put your hand on the headdress; lower your left hand down to your thigh.

By account "two three four" take steps with the right (left) foot; passing the chief one or two steps.

By account "five" simultaneously with placing the left foot on the ground, put the head straight, lower the right hand from the headdress down.

By account "six" put the right foot to the left, and lower the right hand to the thigh.

Performing a military salute when overtaking a chief without a headdress

When overtaking a chief, a military greeting without a headgear is given as follows: at the first step of overtaking with feet on the ground, stop moving with your hands, vigorously lower them along the body, at the same time turn your head with a raised chin towards the chief. On the second step, put your head straight and continue moving your hands to the beat of the step.

When overtaking a chief, a military greeting in a headdress is given as follows: at the first step of overtaking with feet on the ground, stop moving with your hands, energetically lower them along the body, turn your head with a raised chin towards the chief. Simultaneously with the turn of the head, attach the right hand to the headdress, keep the left hand along the body. On the second step, put your head straight, lower your right hand and continue moving your hands to the beat of the step.
Typical mistakes when performing a military salute in motion in a headdress and without it:

• the military salute is completed in less than three or four steps;
• the hand to the headgear is attached incorrectly:
• the fingers of the right hand are not together, the palm is bent, the middle finger does not touch the lower edge of the headdress (near the visor);
• changed the position of the hand when turning the head towards the boss;
• the hand is applied to the headdress not in the shortest way, but through the side;
• the serviceman did not turn his head towards the commander and did not look him in the face.
• turn the body along with the turn of the head;
• first turn the head, and then put (lower) the hand.

Buildings - the actions of those involved after the teacher's command for the adoption (initially) of one or another system.
The deployed formation of the group before the start of classes, as a rule, is single-rank, less often double-rank.
Command to build“In one (two, three, etc.) line - Stand up!”
Simultaneously with the issuance of the command, the duty officer becomes facing the front in the “at attention” position. The group lines up to his left.
Before the report on readiness for classes, the attendant aligns the group, calculates it, then gives the command“Attention! Alignment Right (left! to the middle!)Not reaching the drill step 2-3 steps to the teacher, the duty officer stops and reports: “Comrade teacher!…….” Then, having passed by the shortest way to the teacher's location line, he stands facing the formation. After the teacher's greeting and the class's response, the attendant duplicates the teacher's command"At ease!" and stands on the right flank of the formation.
Building in a column is performed on command“In a column one at a time (two, three, etc.) - stand!”

Rebuilds - transitions from one system to another.

Changes from one line to two.
After a preliminary calculation, a command is given to the 1st and 2nd"In two lines - line up!". On this command, the second numbers take a step back with their left foot (account "times"); with the right foot, without placing it, step to the right (count "two") and, standing at the back of the head of the first, put the left foot (count "three").

Rebuilding from one line to three.
After the preliminary calculation, the command is given"In three lines - line up!". On this command, the second numbers stand still, the first numbers take a step back with their right foot, without placing their foot, step with their left to the side and, placing their right foot, stand in the back of the head of the second numbers. The third numbers take a step with their left foot forward, step with their right foot to the side and, placing their left foot, stand in front of the second numbers. For the reverse rebuilding, a command is given"In one line - line up!". Rebuilding is carried out in the reverse order of construction.

Rebuilding from the line by a ledge.
After preliminary calculation according to the task ("9-6-3-in place", "6-4-2-in place"etc.) command is given"According to the calculation step - march!". Those involved go to the number of steps they are supposed to take and put their foot on. The teacher keeps counting until the first rank is placed. So, when calculating"6-3-in place" - up to 7; "9-6-3-in place" - up to 10. For the reverse rebuilding, a command is given. All those who were out of order make a turn around, go to their places and, having reached them, make a turn around. The teacher is counting"one-two" until the last ones in line turn around.

Rebuilding from a line to a column by entering the branches with a shoulder.After a preliminary calculation of 3-4, etc. command is given“With divisions in a column of 3 (4, etc.) left (right) shoulders forward with a step - march!”. On this command, those designed for squads, while maintaining alignment along the front, begin to move with their shoulders until a column is formed. Second team"Group - stop!".
For the reverse rebuilding, the following commands are given:
1. "Kru-Gom!"
2. "Squads in one line, right (left) shoulders forward, step - march!"
3. "Group - Stop!"
The last command is given at the moment when the trainees reach their place in the line.

Rebuilding from one column to three ledges.
After a preliminary calculation of three, a command is given“The first numbers - two (3, 4, etc.) steps to the right, the third numbers - two (3, 4, etc.) steps to the left with a step - march!”. The second numbers remain in place. For the reverse rebuilding, a command is given"To your place with a step - march!". Rebuilding is done in incremental steps.

Rebuilding from a column one at a time to a column of two (three, etc.) by turning in motion.
When the group moves to the left around (moving along the boundaries of the hall), a command is given“In a column of two (3, 4, etc.) to the left - march!”(as a rule, the command is given when the guide is on the upper or lower boundary of the hall or site). After turning the first two (threes, fours, etc.), the next ones make a turn under the command of their trailer in the same place as the first. Here you can give an indication of the interval and distance, so as not to open the column later on purpose. For the reverse rebuilding, the following commands are given:
1. "Right!"
2. “Into the column, one at a time to the right (left), bypassing step by step - march!”

Rebuilding from a column one at a time into columns of 2, 4, 8 by crushing and mixing.
Rebuilding is done on the move. Teams:
1. "Through the center - march!"(usually served in one of the middles)
2. “In columns one by one to the right and left around - march!”. Served in the opposite middle. On this command, the first numbers go to the right, the second numbers - to the left around.
3. “In a column of two through the center - march!”. Served at the meeting of the columns in the middle of the hall, from where the rebuilding began. Continuing the fragmentation and reduction further, you can build columns of four, eight, etc.
The reverse rebuilding is called dilution and merging. For example, from a column of two to a column of one:
1. “Into the column, one at a time to the right and to the left, bypassing with a step - march!”. At this command, the right column goes around to the right, the left column goes to the left. When the columns meet in the opposite middle, the command is given:
2. “In the column, one at a time through the center - march!”

Structural changes

Rebuilding is a change in the formation or placement of those involved.

From one line to two

The group is calculated on the first-second. Rebuilding is carried out in three counts on command: "In two lines - build!". On this command, the first numbers stand still, the second at the count of “one” take a step with the left back, at the count of “two” - step right to the side (to the back of the head of the first), at the count of “three” - put the left(Fig. 1).

Rebuilding from two ranks to one is carried out at the command: “In one rank - build!”. This rebuilding is also performed on three counts. The first numbers stand still, the second on the count of “one” take a step to the left to the side, on the count of “two” - step right forward to their place in the line, on the count of “three” - put the left.

Rice. 1. Rebuilding from one line to two

Rebuilding from two ranks to one is performed in the reverse order.

The pronunciation of commands when rebuilding from one rank to two and from two ranks to one is similar to pronouncing commands when building in one and two ranks. Executive team: "Line up!" - pronounced in one word abruptly, imperatively with an emphasis on the letter "o".

During the rebuilding, those involved maintain the same position of the head, torso and arms, as in the combat stance.

The second number, going behind the first, stands exactly in the back of his head, and when rebuilding, on the same line with the first number.

Starting to teach children how to rebuild from one line to two, the teacher clearly explains to them how this is done, then shows the rebuilding. When showing, the teacher uses the help of a student or another adult, if any.

After the display, rebuilding by divisions follows. The teacher gives the command: “In two lines - line up, do it - once!” (the second numbers perform a left step back, the teacher checks the correctness of the execution); "Do two!" (the second numbers take a right step to the side, the teacher continues to monitor the performance); "Do - three!" (the second put the left foot, and the teacher corrects the mistakes). In the same way, the reverse rebuilding from two ranks to one is performed. After making sure that the majority of students perform the rebuilding correctly, the teacher rebuilds the children several times, depending on the degree of assimilation of the material, but shortens the pause between teams. This is followed by rebuilding as a whole, but in a row. At first, the teacher counts slowly, then, as they learn, at the pace at which rebuilding is usually performed.

Then the rebuilding is carried out without counting, but by clapping. The teacher claps at the pace at which the rebuilding should be done. And finally, the rebuilding is performed on command without counting and without clapping.

In order for all students to rebuild, the first and second numbers change places.

To improve this restructuring, the following methodological techniques are recommended:

Multiple repetition of rebuilding;
rebuilding when the right flank is on the left side;
holding a competition for the best performance of rebuilding separately between the first and second numbers, which periodically change places.

From one line to four ledges on 9–6–3 in place

First, the group is calculated for 9–6–3 on the spot at the command: “For 9–6–3 on the spot - settle!” At this command, the right-flank one commands: "9", the second in the ranks - "6", the third - "3", the fourth - "in place", the fifth - "9", etc. Then the command is given: "According to the calculation step - march!". On this command, the ninth numbers take 9 steps forward, put a foot on the tenth count; sixth numbers - 6 steps, put a foot on the seventh count; third numbers - 3 steps, put a foot on the fourth count; numbers "in place" remain in place(Fig. 2).

When the students have taken the required number of steps, the teacher counts up to 10, emphasizing the intermediate steps with his voice: 3, 6 and 9.

The reverse rebuilding is carried out on command: “To your place with a step - march!”. At this command, everyone, except those standing still, make a turn around at the expense of “one-two” and go to their places.

Rice. 2 . Rebuilding from one line to four
ledges by 9–6–3 in place

Standing in their places in the line, students perform a turn around. During the rebuilding, the teacher counts: “One-two, one-two” - until the ninth numbers, having entered the line, make a turn around.

Saying the commands: “At 9-6-3 on the spot - pay off!”, “According to the calculation step - march!”, “To your place with a step - march!” - usual, i.e. they are pronounced the way they are read.

Rebuilding by ledges by 6–3 in place is also used.

First, the children learn the 6-3 lane change on the spot, and then the 9-6-3 lane change on the spot.

When rebuilding with ledges, trainees must maintain combat bearing, and perform movement with a gymnastic step.

With this rebuilding, children often make the following mistake: having completed the rebuilding, they try to be equal to the back of the head. In this case, the teacher should once again explain the essence of rebuilding with ledges, paying attention to the fact that it is not necessary to equal the back of the head.

From the column one by one ledges

In a column of three

Three are calculated. Then the command is given: “The first numbers - two steps (three, four, etc.) to the right, the third numbers - two steps (three, four, etc.) to the left with a step - march!”. On this command, the second numbers stand still, and the first and third take the appropriate number of steps in the indicated direction(rice. 3). The reverse rebuilding is carried out on command: “To your place with a step - march!”. On this command, the first and third numbers return to their places.

In a column of four

Groups of four are calculated. After that, the command is given: “First numbers - two steps, second numbers - one step to the right, third numbers - one step, fourth numbers - two steps to the left step - march!”. The first numbers take two steps, the second - one step to the right, the third numbers - one step to the left, the fourth - two steps to the left(Fig. 4).

Rice. 3. Rebuilding from a column one by one ledges
The reverse rebuilding is carried out on command: “To your place with a step - march!”.

Rice. 4. Rebuilding in a column of four

The group counts in fives. Then the command is given: “First numbers - four steps, second numbers - two steps to the left, fourth numbers - two steps, fifth numbers - four steps to the right step - march!” ( rice. 5 ).

Rebuilding in a column one at a time is carried out on command: “To your places with a step - march!”.

From a column of two to a column of four ledges

Rebuilding is carried out on command: "In a column of four ledges - build!". Both columns in four counts take two steps from the middle to the sides, then on the count of 5-6, the first numbers of each column - one step to the left, the second numbers of each column - one step to the right(Fig. 6).

Rebuilding in a column of two is carried out on command: “To your places with a step - march!”. Rebuilding is performed in reverse order.

In all cases of rebuilding by ledges in columns, movements are performed with side steps. At the same time, those involved maintain a combat stance and alignment at the back of the head.

During the entire rebuilding by ledges, the teacher counts: “One-two!” until all students have taken their seats.

Rice. 5. Rebuilding in a column of five

Rice. 6 . Rebuilding from a column of two to a column of four ledges

In order to improve rebuilding with ledges, the same exercises are recommended as when rebuilding from one line to two.

From the column one at a time in motion with turns

Rebuilding is carried out in a column of two, three, four, etc. more often in straight directions - longitudinally, across - and less often in oblique directions - diagonally.

In a column of two

Rebuilding is carried out on command: "In a column of two to the left (to the right) - march!".

On the executive command, the first and second numbers, having simultaneously turned left (right), go in the other direction, the third and fourth move to the place where the turn was made by the first and second, and, also turning left (right), go in the other direction , etc.

Having rebuilt, the trainees move forward until a command is given to stop the movement or to rebuild.

The reverse changeover - from a column of two to a column of one - can be performed in motion, as well as after the column has stopped.

In the first case, the command is given: “One by one in the column with a turn to the right (left), bypassing to the left (right) - march!”. On the executive command, the first pair, having completed the appropriate turn and rebuilt, goes around, and the rest stand in their place and do the same.

In the second case, when the group was stopped after the rebuild, the command is given: “To the right!” ("Left!"). Everyone makes a turn. Then, at the command: “Into the column one at a time, bypassing to the left (right) with a step - march!” - the guide moves in the indicated direction, and the rest of the students walk in place, and then, sequentially rearranging themselves into a column one at a time, follow the guide.

In a column of three

Rebuilding is carried out on command: "In a column of three to the left (right) - march!".

In a column of four

Rebuilding is carried out on command: “In a column of four to the left (right) - march!”.

Rebuilding in a column of three, four (five, six, etc.) and reverse rebuilding are performed in the same way as rebuilding from a column of one to a column of two.

In a column of two, three, etc. side steps

Rebuilding is carried out on command: “In a column of two (three, etc.) with side steps to the left (right) - march!”.

On the executive command, the first pair (troika, etc.) moves to the left (right) with side steps. The second pair (troika, etc.) moves forward to the place where the guides began to rebuild, and also goes with side steps to the left (right), etc.

In a column of two, three, etc. cross steps

Rebuilding is carried out on command: “In a column of two (three, etc.) with cross steps to the left (right) - march!”.

On the executive command, the same rebuilding is performed as the previously studied rebuilding with side steps, but those involved move to the left (right) with cross steps. The movement begins with the left foot, if the command was given: "To the left - march!" - and from the right foot, if the command was given: “To the right - march!”, - and then alternately the right foot is placed in front of the left and the right foot behind the left (left in front of the right and left behind the right).

Another variant of rebuilding with cross steps is also used, when, after an executive command, the children first turn to the left (right), and then move forward with a cross step, not to the side, but forward, after the turn, the movement begins with the left foot crossed in front of the right. In this case, the rebuilding is performed according to the same command as the previous ones, only instead of the word “left” (“right”), the word “left” (“right”) is pronounced.

In a column of two, three, etc. dance steps

Rebuilding is carried out on command: “In a column of two (three) step polkas (mazurkas, Hungarians, waltzes, etc.) to the left (right) - march!”.

On the executive command, having performed the appropriate turn, the group is rebuilt and moves forward with the indicated dance step.

When rebuilding with side, cross and dance steps, the hands should be kept down. Another position of the hands should be said specifically, for example: “In a column of four with cross steps, hands on the belt, to the left - march!”. The position of the hands on the belt in this case is taken according to the executive command.

In a column of two, three, etc. running

Rebuilding is carried out on command: “In a column of two (three, etc.) run, to the left (right) - march!”.

According to the executive command, the trainees switch from walking to running and perform the appropriate rebuilding.

If, before rebuilding, the group moved on the run, then the command already familiar to us is given: “In a column of two (three, etc.) to the left (right) - march!”.

The sequence of learning to rebuild from a column one at a time in the movement of turns is as follows:

• the teacher explains to the trainees the technique of rebuilding;
• two, three (four, etc.) students, with the help of a teacher, show the rebuilding group;
• pairs (threes, fours, etc.) alternately go to initial position, from where they make a turn to move in the other direction, and take the position of a left step forward in case of rebuilding by turning to the left. On the executive command: "March!" – they make a turn and move in the other direction. Then the second, third, etc. take the place of the first pair (triples, etc.). and do the same;
• those engaged in the column one at a time go in place, and the guide is in the starting position for turning, and at the executive command: "March!" - carry out the restructuring as a whole.

1. Movement to the other side with or without a turn, pairs (threes, etc.) are performed simultaneously.

2. The first number of each pair (triple, etc.) reaches the place where the guide has rebuilt, and then the closing one of each pair (triple, etc.) must promptly give the command: “March!”.

3. After the rebuilding and movement in the other direction has begun, the trailers must keep the alignment in the ranks at the back of the head.

4. When rebuilding, the required distance and interval are observed. If a group needs to be unlocked, rebuilding and unlocking are done at the same time to save time. In this case, the command is given: “In a column of two (three, etc.) to the left (to the right) - march! Distance and interval - two steps!

5. Turns to move in the other direction are performed in the same way as turning left and right in traffic.

6. Rebuilding is performed by a drill (gymnastic) step.

7. It is necessary to start pronouncing the command in advance so that its executive part is given at the moment when the guide is in the place where the rebuilding should begin.

When learning to rebuild from a column of two, three, etc. in a column one by one, some rules should be observed:

1. If the rebuilding is carried out without stopping the movement, then after the executive command, as the pairs (triples, etc.) approach the students going ahead at the specified distance, the students perform a turn, and each first number of the pair (triples, etc.) starts moving in a column one at a time only when the closing one in front of the walking pair (triples, etc.) catches up with him.

2. If the rebuilding is performed after a stop, then on the executive command: “March!” - all students go in place, then the guide and behind him all the students perform the appropriate rebuilding.

Rice. 7.

Other ways to rebuild

Rebuilding from a column one at a time to a column of three (four) to predetermined places

At first, the children are built in one line. The command is given: "In order - pay off!". Before calculating, you need to be reminded that each student must remember his number. After the calculation, the teacher turns the class to the right, divides it into three (four) sections and invites the first, eleventh and twenty-first numbers, if there are 30 people in the ranks, to come forward and stand in predetermined places. After that, the command is given: “The first squad, behind the guide in the column one at a time - stand up!”. All the students from the first division organizedly break down and line up behind the leader. Then the second and third sections line up in the same way. After the students learn to line up one by one in the departments, the teacher, after building the guides, gives the command: “In a column of three behind the guides - stand!” ( rice. 7).

Rebuilding from one line to two in a checkerboard pattern

Calculate the group for the first-second; give the command: “Second numbers, two steps back step march!” or "First numbers, two steps forward step march!". In this case, after rebuilding, the children will stand in a checkerboard pattern.

If it is necessary that the second numbers stand in the back of the head first, then another command is given: “Second numbers - step to the right, step march!”. If it is necessary to rebuild in two lines, where the students are facing each other, the second or first numbers must take two or more steps forward and turn around.

Rebuilding from one line and column
one in a column, three in place

From one row

According to the executive command, the second numbers stand still, the first take a step to the left and forward and stand in front of the second, and the third - step to the right and back and stand behind the second. After rebuilding, the command is given: “To the right!”.

The teacher shows how to rebuild, after which the group repeats after him several times on command: “In three lines - build!”.

One by one from the column

According to the executive command, the second numbers stand still; the first take a step to the left-back and stand next to the second to their left; the third take a step to the right and forward and also stand next to the second, but to the right of them. The teacher shows the rebuilding, after which the group performs it several times on command: “In a column of three - build!”.

Rebuilding from a column of three to one line or a column of one is performed in the reverse order.

Rebuilding in a circle from the line

First way. Children standing in a row hold hands. The teacher takes the right hand of the right flank with his left hand or the left hand of the left flank with his right hand and, moving in a circle, connects their hands.

The second way. Students standing in a line join hands. Students standing in the middle of the line should not leave their place.
The teacher stands in front of the students standing in the middle of the line at a distance of 10-12 steps, and gives the order: "Holding hands, form a circle." At the same time, he raises his hands to the sides and down and invites the right- and left-flank, and behind them and everyone to approach him, forming a circle.

After the students have mastered these methods of rebuilding, the teacher learns the rebuilding with them without holding hands. In this case, the order of construction remains the same as when building a circle, holding hands.

Rebuilding in a circle from the column one at a time

The teacher stands in front of the column and gives the command: "Follow me - march with a step!". The movement is made in such a way as to form vicious circle. When the circle is formed, the command is given: “Class, stop!”. After that, the students are invited to repeat the rebuilding, but one of them takes the place of the teacher.

Having done this rebuilding once or twice, the children perform it on command: “March in a circle!”.

Rebuilding from one circle to two

First way. Pupils standing in a circle count on the first or second. Give the command “Second (first) numbers, two steps back step march!”. The first and second, following the command, form circles.

Second way . Schoolchildren standing in a circle (for example, 36 people), count in order. Determine two middle numbers (in this example, eighteenth and nineteenth) and invite them to raise their hands. Order that all students, except for the eighteenth and nineteenth, join hands, and the first with the eighteenth and the nineteenth with the thirty-sixth form two circles.

Combat movements

Movement means various ways and forms of movement involved in the ranks.

drill step

A drill is such a step in which the straight leg must be raised to a height of I5–20 cm from the floor, holding the sole horizontally, and the leg placed firmly on the entire foot.

When moving the arms forward, bend them at the elbows so that the hands rise to the width of the palm above the waist and to the width of the palm from the body. The movement of the arms back is performed with straight arms until failure in the shoulder joint, the fingers are slightly clenched into fists.

To switch to walking with a marching step, the command is given: “In marching step - march!”.

There are several varieties of drill step. One of them is used during mass gymnastic performances and solemn passage of athletes. In these cases, hand movements are performed with a greater amplitude (forward - up to the shoulder, back - to failure and slightly outward); leg movements are the same as in the marching step.

Another variation is the gymnastic step. It is used in gymnastics classes and in competitions. This step is the same drill step, but the leg should be raised forward with the toe extended by about 10 cm and placed on the floor not on the entire foot, but from the toe.

In gymnastics classes and competitions, all movements must be performed with a gymnastic step.

Training begins with an explanation of the technique of the front step and its demonstration. Then, standing still, students practice hand movements. On the count of "one" one hand is brought forward, the other - back. In this position, a pause is made, during which the teacher corrects the mistakes. At the expense of "two" the position of the hands changes. After that, also standing still, raising the legs forward and setting first one, then the other leg is practiced. Then, on the count of “times”, a step is taken with one foot in combination with hand movements. After an appropriate pause, during which mistakes are corrected, a step is taken with the other foot on the count of "two", and so on.

After making sure that the dissected movements of the drill step are mastered by the students, the teacher proceeds to teaching in a holistic way. Particular attention should be paid to the correct posture and combat bearing of students. The movement of the marching step should be carried out freely, not tensely. The leg should be placed, leaning slightly forward, so that the torso and the forward leg are in a straight line. When walking, do not sway from side to side, as well as up and down.

To improve the drill step, the following methodological techniques can be recommended:

Individual practice of the drill step;
alternately passing through the drill step before the formation of those involved in order to determine the best;
practicing the drill step in pairs. One passes, the other gives commands and corrects mistakes, then the students change roles;
passing fours in front of the teacher. The teacher corrects mistakes and best four;
practicing the drill step in the general formation in columns of one, two, three, four, etc., in ranks of four or more.

marching step

With this step, the leg should be lifted freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground as in normal walking; hands to make free movements along the body.

In gymnastics, the marching step is rarely used - in the case when the command is given: “Walk out of step!”. More often they are used for movement in the ranks on the ground, in practical exercises on athletics, sports games and other sports disciplines.

To start moving in a marching step from a place, even one step, the command is given: “Step - march!”. The marching step is sometimes called the normal step. However, it should be remembered that in gymnastics classes on command: “A normal step is a march!” those involved should not walk, but with a gymnastic step.

To study and improve the marching step, the same techniques and exercises are used as for the combat step.

Learning to walk with a normal step (marching) on ​​command: “Step - march!” - Starts in 1st grade.

In the 2nd grade, walking is studied in step with the left.

At the beginning of training, attention should be paid to the development of students' ability to distinguish between the preliminary and executive parts of the team. The teacher explains that according to the preliminary command: “Step!” - students must transfer the weight of the body to the right leg, weakening the left; you can put your left foot on the toe, leaving it in place, - and on command: "March!" - start with the left foot. The teacher accompanies the explanation with a demonstration, and then invites two or three students to also show how to follow this command. After this exercise is performed by all involved. Children are built in one line or in a column one at a time. The teacher offers them on command: "Step!" - say the word "left", slightly raising your left leg, and on command: "March!" - start walking with the left foot. During training, walking is also used with an emphasis on the left (right) leg. The teacher explains that his counting for “one” and “three” will be louder than for “two” and “four”, so you need to stamp your left foot on “one” and “three”, and on the count of “two” and “four "- right.

You can apply another approach. The teacher gives the command: "Step march!". Students start moving with their left foot and all at the same time pronounce the word “left” at the “one” count, “right” at the “two” count, “left” again at the “three” count, etc.

When walking in the foot is mastered, it is recommended to perform it to the music and with the song.

Learning to walk in the foot is carried out first on the spot, then in motion; first in a column one at a time, then in a row.

Step in place

This step is performed on the command: "On the spot, step - march!". On the executive command, the left leg is bent forward, while there should be a right angle between the thigh and the body, and the toe should be pulled back. The foot is placed on the floor from the toe, then the same movement is performed with the right foot, the movements of the hands are the same as when walking with a marching step. When walking in place, the torso must be kept straight, not swaying from side to side and back and forth. It is necessary to monitor the correct work of the arms and legs. The following mistakes are most often made: those involved, raising only the left (right) leg, do not bend it enough at the knee, tear off only the heels from the floor, and do not work widely with their hands.

When teaching a step on the spot and improving it, you can use the same techniques as when teaching a marching step.

Moving forward with a step in place

It is performed on command: “Straight!”, - which is pronounced in one word, abruptly, with a somewhat roaring “r” and an emphasis on the first syllable. The command is given under the left foot, after which the students take a step with the right in place and start moving forward from the left.

Usually, beginners take a long time to respond to the command: “Straight!” – and cannot timely switch from walking in place to moving around. Therefore, at the first stages of training, the pace of walking on the spot should be slow: before commanding: “Straight!”, You can give the command: “Attention!”.

Sometimes it is necessary for the group to move one or more steps forward, backward, left, right from a step in place. In this case, the command is given: "Two (three, four, etc.) steps forward (back, left, right) - march!". The executive command is given under the left foot, then when moving forward, backward or to the left, a step is taken with the right in place and with the left foot - the corresponding number of steps in the indicated direction. When moving to the right, the step with the right foot is not taken in place, but the movement with the right foot to the right immediately begins. Moving left and right is done with side steps. After taking the appropriate number of steps forward, backward, or sideways, students walk in place.

Moving forward with a step on the spot is taught in the 8th grade both frontally in one line (column) and individually.

At first, students are invited to bend their left leg forward, after which the command is given: “Directly, do it - once!”. Those involved take a step with their left foot in place, bending their straight leg forward, then the command is given: “Do two!”, On which the right step is performed in place, and at the command: “Do three!” - Start moving forward with the left foot. After that, the students execute the command: “Straight!” - with a step in place, first at a slow, and then at a normal pace.

Cessation of movement

In gymnastics, several methods are used to stop the movement of a group.

On command: “Class, stop!”

The executive command is given under the left foot, after which a step is taken with the right foot (count "one") and the left foot is attached (count "two"). After stopping, the trainees take a combat stance. This method is used when you need to quickly stop the group. On command: "Class!" - at first, those involved take a step forward with the left, then the command is given: “Stop!” - after which, according to the count of "one", they take a step with the right and put the left on the count of "two". Then the command: “Class, stop!” - served while walking at a slow pace with the count "one-two". After that, the class stops while walking at a normal pace, but with counting or hand clapping, and finally without counting and at a normal pace. In order to improve the stop, the command can be given when the class is moving at a fast pace. In addition, individual practice is used when one student gives a command and another carries it out, or when the teacher shows each student how to carry it out. You can use the group method: the command is performed by four students, five, etc.

On command: "Guide, on the spot!"

On this command, which is given under any leg, the guide goes in place; the rest of the students, having approached the comrade in front of them at a given distance, also go in place.

This method is used if it is necessary to transfer the group to walking on the spot, and the specified distance between the students is violated.

Team: "Guide, in place!" - pronounced like this: the word "guide" is imperative, with an emphasis on the first syllable and a small stop on the last; after a short pause - together, abruptly: "On the spot!".

This method of stopping is improved by repeated repetition.

On command: "On the spot!"

The command is given under any leg, after which all those involved simultaneously stop moving and walk in place.
This method is used when the group needs to be transferred to walking on the spot and a predetermined distance is maintained between the students. The command is pronounced imperatively, abruptly, together: “On the spot!”. This method is improved by repeated repetition.

On command: "Guide, put your foot!"

The command is given under any foot, after which the guide puts his foot; the rest of the trainees do the same after approaching the comrade in front at a given distance. After stopping, everyone takes a combat stance.

This method is used when the group needs to be stopped after walking, and the established distance between the practitioners is violated.

The word "guide" is pronounced imperatively, with stress on the first syllable and a slight stop at "p"; after a short pause - together, imperatively with an emphasis on the first syllable: "Put your foot!".

This technique is improved by repeated repetition.

On command: "Put your foot!"

The command is given under any leg, after which all those involved simultaneously put their foot on and take a combat stance.

The command is pronounced in the same way as described above. This method is used when the group needs to be stopped after walking and the established distance is maintained between the practitioners.

This method is improved by repeated repetition. You can use another approach. The teacher gives the command: "Step - march!". Students start with the left foot; everyone simultaneously pronounces the word “left” at the “one” count, “right” at the “two” count, “left” again at the “three” count, etc.

Switching from walking to running and from running to walking

To switch from walking to running, the command is given: “Run - march!”. If the movement is performed to the music, then the executive command is given under the left foot, after which a step is taken with the right, and running starts from the left. Without musical accompaniment, the executive command is given under the right foot, and the run begins immediately with the left foot.

In the team: "Run - march!" - the word "running" is pronounced drawlingly, with an emphasis on the second syllable, "march" - abruptly.

To switch from running to walking, the command is given: "Step - march!". On this command, students perform the same actions as when switching from walking to running.

Preliminary command: "Step" - pronounced drawling, with emphasis on the first syllable, executive: "March!" - abruptly.

Changing the speed and pace of movement

On command: "Wider step!"

The command consists of two words, but it is pronounced together, abruptly and imperatively. At this command, those involved, while maintaining a given pace of walking, lengthen their step.

On command: "Short step!"

The command is pronounced the same as the previous one. On this command, the children, while maintaining a given pace of walking, shorten their step.

On command: "More step!"

The command is pronounced the same as the previous two. Schoolchildren, without changing the length of the step, walk more often. The pace of walking is set by the teacher. Counting with a changed pace begins under the left foot.

On command: "Re-zhe!"

"Re-" - a preliminary command, pronounced drawlingly; "yes!" - Executive, pronounced abruptly under the left leg. Those involved, without changing the length of the step, go less often. The pace of walking is set by the teacher, starting counting under the left leg.

Changing the speed and pace of movement is studied from the 7th grade.

Change of direction

Bypass

The movement of those involved along the boundaries of the hall or site is called movement around ( rice . 8 ).

Rice. 8 . Detour

If it starts from a place, then the command is given: “To the left (to the right) around the step - march!”. Preliminary command: “To the left bypassing with a step ...” - it is pronounced like this: “To the left bypassing” - relatively quickly and smoothly, after which there is a short pause, then the word “step” is drawn out with emphasis on the first syllable, and then a longer pause , after which the executive command is abruptly pronounced: “March!”. If the detour is to start while moving, then the word "step" is omitted from the above command. Sometimes the command is used: "Bypass!". The executive command is given at the moment when the guide reaches the place from which you need to start moving around - most often this is a corner.

When learning to move around, you need to make sure that the trainees move exactly along the boundaries of the hall or site, making clear turns at the corners according to the rules for making turns to the right and left in motion.

Learning to move around begins simultaneously with learning to walk in a column one at a time.

Shoulder entry

This method serves to change the direction of the front(Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Shoulder movement

If the change of direction starts from a place, then the command is given: "Right (left) shoulder forward, step - march!". On this command, the students, without breaking the rank order, move around the left flank, which, denoting a step in place, turns along with the entire rank, keeping alignment. When the given direction is reached by the students, the commands are given: “Straight!” – the class moves in a new direction; "On the spot!" – class denotes a step in place; "Class - stop!" - movement stops. If the change of direction begins while moving, then the word "step" is omitted from the above command.

Command: “Right (left) shoulder forward” - pronounced smoothly and quickly, followed by a short pause; "step" - drawn out with emphasis on the first syllable; then - a longer pause and a jerky command: "March!".

By landmarks

Movement along landmarks is a change in direction as a result of movement to a point, corner, object indicated by the teacher.

The commands are given as follows:

"Step to the center - march!";
“To the lower left corner with a step - march!”;
"To the crossbar step - march!" - etc.

If the movement to landmarks begins when the class moves, then the word “step” is omitted from the commands.

The pronunciation of commands is similar to those described above.

The movement to the landmarks is carried out by the shortest path. For example, if the column stands one at a time in the lower part of the hall, and the guide is located in the lower right corner, he gives the command: “To the upper left corner with a step - march!” - and does not go around to the specified corner, but by the shortest path, in this case - diagonally (Fig. 10).

Learning and improving the change of direction according to landmarks is carried out by repeated repetition, frequent change of landmarks and alternate change of guides.

This method of changing direction is best taught at the same time as walking in a column one at a time.

Rice. 10. Landmark movement

Movement in straight, oblique directions and arcs

countermovement

Counter-movement - the movement of the guide and behind him the entire column in the opposite direction along the formation.

Counter-movement can be performed in straight and oblique directions, as well as in arcs and in a circle(Fig. 11 ). To move in the opposite direction, the command is given: “In the opposite way to the left (right) step - march!”. If the counter move is performed in motion, then the word "step" is omitted in the command.

Rice. eleven . Reverse movement

Team: "Reverse to the left!" - pronounced smoothly and quickly, followed by a short pause; "step" - a little lingering with an emphasis on the first syllable, then - a longer pause and a jerky command: "March!", Which is served under any foot. The leader and all those following him in a column in an arc make a turn around and follow in the opposite direction along the formation with an interval of one step. Each student must necessarily start moving in the opposite direction from the place where the guide started it.

In gymnastics, various options for countermoves are used.

Counter-moving outward or inward

It is performed in columns of two at the command: “In the opposite direction outward (inward) with a step - march!”. On this command, each column performs the counter move: if outward, then the first numbers move in counter move to the right, and the second - to the left, and if inside - vice versa(Fig. 12) .

Command: “In the opposite direction outside” - pronounced smoothly and quickly, followed by a short pause; "step" - drawn out with emphasis on the first syllable; then a longer pause; command "March!" - abruptly.

Rice. 12. Outward countermovement
or inside

Movement in counter-movement in several columns

It is carried out on command: “Reverse move to the left (right) in columns - march!”. Each column performs a counter move in the indicated direction and (Fig. 13).

If the command is given to a column standing still, then the word "step" is added.

Command: “In the opposite direction” - pronounced in one word slowly, followed by a short pause; "to the left in the columns" - together; pause again; "step" - drawn out with emphasis on the first syllable; "March!" - abruptly.

Rice. 13 . Movement in countermovement in columns along

The counter move is learned in the usual way. The teacher explains to the children the technique of performing a counter move, accompanying the explanation with a demonstration for part of the column or the entire column. After that, the counter move is performed by the whole group on command. First, the counter-movement is learned in a column one at a time, then in a column two at a time - outward and inward - and, finally, in several columns.

Learning to counter move begins in the 3rd grade.

The most common errors are:

1. The guide, and behind him the entire column, go in counter-movement at a greater than expected interval.

Rice. 14. Movement "snake"

2. Those involved make a turn earlier, not reaching the place from which the guide went in the opposite direction.

At different points of the hall;
in straight, oblique directions, arcs, in a circle;
when all involved alternately stand on the right flank.

"Snake"

"Snake" is movement by countermoves alternately to the left and to the right. It is built along straight lines - longitudinally, across; along oblique directions and arcs(Fig. 1 4).

First, the command is given: “In the opposite direction to the left (to the right) - march!”. At this command, the already known counter-movement is performed, and when the length of the part of the column from the place of the turn to the guide becomes necessary (this is the size of the “snake”), the following command is given: “Snake - march!”. The guide again goes in the opposite direction, but in a different direction to the place from which the first turn was made, then again goes in the opposite direction, and so on. The “snake” movement continues until the teacher gives a command to move in the required direction: around, to a certain landmark, etc. or stop moving.

Team: "Snake!" - pronounced in one piece, abruptly, then the command: "March!" - abruptly.

When practicing this technique, you need to pay attention to the fact that all those involved strictly observe the given size - the distance between the place of the first and second turns - and the interval - one step.

The method of teaching the "snake" is the same as when teaching the counter-move.

This technique is studied in the 4th grade.

Diagonal

Diagonal, i.e. the movement of the column from one corner to another through the center is carried out on command: "Diagonally - march!".
The executive command is given at the moment when the guide has reached the corner. At this time, he makes a turn and through the center goes to the opposite corner; the rest of the students do the same(Fig. 15).
Team: "Diagonally!" - pronounced together, followed by a pause and a jerky command: "March!".

Rice. 15. Diagonal movement

After a clear and figurative explanation, first individual children, then several or the entire system, show how to perform the exercise. Then the diagonal movement starts from the place when the guide is standing in one of the corners, and after that - in motion.

To practice this technique, diagonal movement is performed from different angles. It is also recommended to change the guides.

This technique begins to study in the 3rd grade. At the same time, they use flags, cubes, pyramids, i.e. landmarks that help students quickly find the points they need to reach. The teacher first uses wiring, i.e. takes the guide by the hand and conducts the entire system diagonally.

crossing

Crossing is the passage of oncoming columns through one point.

It can be performed at any point in the hall when the columns move towards each other from different directions, but most often in the center when the column moves diagonally from two adjacent corners.(Fig. 16).

This technique is performed on command: "Crossing through one - march!". Command: “Crossing through one” - pronounced together, then a short pause follows and a jerky command is given: “March!”.

Depending on the type of crossing being performed, other commands are used. The executive command is given at the moment when the guides of both columns meet at one point, but have not yet crossed. At this command, the guide of the first column passes first, followed by the first numbers, then, passing it through the crossing point, the guide of the second column goes, and so on.

When performing the crossing, it is necessary to ensure that the students maintain alignment at the back of the head and do not go around the oncoming one.

Rice. 16 . Crossing locomotion

At first, two or more students stand in two columns in their initial position before crossing, then they approach the crossing point and perform it from a place, after that - in motion. In the early stages of learning to cross, the distance should be greater than usual.

At different points of the hall;
running;
All students take turns acting as facilitators.

Splitting up

Crushing is the division of a column of the same order into large quantity columns of the same order: for example, one column one at a time for two (three, four or more) columns one at a time (Fig. 17). Crushing is performed in straight (1, 2, 3, 4), oblique (5, 6) directions and arcs (7) in the middle (1, 2, 3), at the corners (8) and in the center (4, 5, 6 ).

Crushing a column one by one into two columns one by one from the lower middle

Such fragmentation is carried out on command: “Into the column one at a time, to the left and to the right, bypassing (in the opposite direction) - march!”.

Rice. 17 . Movement by crushing

At the executive command, the guide goes around to the left, the second number, moving forward to the place where the guide started to go around, goes around to the right, the third number - to the left, the fourth - to the right, etc.(Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Movement by crushing the column one by one into two columns one by one from the lower middle

Crushing should be carried out from one point - the place from where the guide began to move around, so all those involved must reach it.

Moving in a bypass or counter-movement, the guides of both columns and all other students must observe alignment. After crushing, the columns move until another teacher's command follows.

Crushing a column by two into two columns by two

It is carried out on command: “In a column of two, to the left and to the right, bypassing (opposite) - march!”. According to the executive command, the first couple goes to the left, the second to the right, and so on.

The actions of those involved and the requirements for them are the same as when crushing one column(Fig. 19).

Similarly, fragmentation is performed from any other point of the hall: the upper middle, left and right middle, lower and upper corners, center.

Rice. 19. Movement by crushing a column by two into two columns by two

Fragmentation training begins with explanation and demonstration. The teacher puts the group in the initial position necessary for fragmentation and shows which of the students goes where and how according to the executive command. Then crushing is performed on command: "From the spot", i.e. the column is in the corresponding starting position. In this case, the command is executed: "Step - march!". After that, crushing is carried out in motion.

To practice this technique, you can use the following options:

running;
frequent repetition crushing in various points and corners of the hall in straight, oblique and circular directions;
All students take turns acting as facilitators.

Command: “In a column one at a time” - pronounced together, followed by a pause; “left and right bypassing” - together; pause again; "March!" - abruptly (or: "Step - march!" - the word "step" - drawn out with an emphasis on the first syllable).

merger

Merging is a movement opposite to fragmentation, i.e. connection of two, three or more columns of the same order into one column of the same order: for example, two columns one by one into one column one by one ( rice. 20) .

It is carried out on command: "Into the column one by one through the center - march!". The command is given at the moment when two columns meet one at a time at the point where the merger is to take place. On the executive command, the first number, having made a turn, goes through the center; the second number, having reached the point of confluence, goes to the back of the head of the first, and so on.

Rice. 20. Merge movement

Similarly, two columns are merged two by two into one column two by command: “In a column two through the center - march!”.

The requirements for those involved, the teaching methods, the methods of improvement, the pronunciation of the command are the same as during crushing.

Breeding

Dilution is the division of a column of a higher order into a greater number of columns of a smaller order: for example, one column of two into two columns of one or one column of four into two columns of two(Fig. 21).

In the first case, the command is given: “Into the column one at a time, to the left and to the right, bypassing (in the opposite direction) - march!”. The first number goes around (opposite) to the left, the second - to the right, and so on.

In the second case, the command is given: “In a column of two, to the left and to the right, bypassing (in the opposite direction) - march!”. The first pair goes to the left, the second goes to the right, and so on.

Rice. 21. Breeding locomotion

Mixing

Reduction is a movement opposite to breeding, i.e. connection of two or more columns of a smaller order into one or more columns of a higher order: for example, two columns one by one into one column by two or two columns by two into one column by four(Fig. 22).

Rice. 22 . Mixing movement

In the first case, the command is given: “In a column of two through the center - march!”. According to the executive command, the first and second numbers, having performed a turn at the same time, go two by two through the center. The third and fourth numbers and the rest of the students do the same.

In the second case, the command is given: “In a column of four through the center - march!”. According to the executive command, the first and second, third and fourth numbers, having simultaneously completed a turn and connected with each other, go four through the center; others do the same.

When learning and improving breeding and mixing, the requirements for those involved, the teaching methodology, methods of improvement, pronouncing commands are the same as when crushing and merging.

A loop

A loop is a counter-move, at the end of which the direction of movement changes. Loops are open and closed. The loop is built in the longitudinal - along the length of the hall, transverse - along the width of the hall and oblique - diagonally - directions ( rice. 23).

Rice. 23 . Movement "loop"

The size of the loop is large - for the entire length or width of the hall, along the entire diagonal; medium - half the length or width of the hall, half the diagonal and small - a quarter of the length or width of the hall, a quarter diagonal.

When constructing an open loop, the direction of movement at the end of the counterpath changes in the opposite direction: for example, if the counterpath is performed to the right, then the direction of movement changes to the left.

When constructing a closed loop, the direction of movement at the end of the countermove changes in the same direction as the countermove: for example, if the countermove was performed to the right, then the direction of movement changes to the right.

Examples of building an open and closed loop

1. Middle open loop in the longitudinal direction from the upper middle. The command is given: “March with the middle open loop!”. The executive command is given at the moment when the guide is in the upper middle. The guide and behind him the column go to the left to the center, having reached it - in counter-movement to the right to the upper middle and to the left around.

2. Large closed loop in the transverse direction from the right middle(Fig. 24) . The command is given: "Big closed loop - march!". The guide goes to the left to the left middle, having reached it, to the left by countermoving to the right middle and crossing through one - to the left around.

Similarly, open and closed loops are built diagonally from any corner.

The command for building a loop: “Small closed loop” - pronounced together, slowly, followed by a pause; "March!" - abruptly.

When performing a loop, students must pass through all the points through which the guide passed. All turns, except for the reverse turn, must be made at right angles.

Loop training begins with an explanation, then several students show how to do the exercise (wiring). Then the execution begins with walking in place, with the guide standing in its original position for the first turn, then in motion.

Rice. 24. Moving a large closed loop in the transverse direction from the right middle

For a more solid fixing of this technique, it is recommended to perform it in the following options:

running;
build a loop in all directions and of various sizes;
the functions of the guide are performed by all students in turn.

3. Circle. Movement in a circle is carried out from any middle on command: “In a circle - march!”(Fig. 25) .

Having given an executive command, the teacher indicates the distance that determines the size of the circle. The guide walks around the circle, and the rest of the students quickly take and maintain the indicated distance, trying to make the circle the correct shape.

The teacher explains the technique of performance, shows the movement in a circle, then several students show how to perform the exercise (wiring). Then the circle is built from any middle from the spot, and after that - in motion.

For perfection this exercise you can use the following options:

Alternately from all the middles;
running;
guide change.

Rice. 25. Circle movement

4. Spiral - movement in a circle with a gradual decrease in radius to the center and exit in the opposite direction in a counter-move(Fig. 26).

Just like a circle, a spiral is built from any middle on command: “In a spiral - march!”. Command: “In a spiral” - pronounced together, slowly, followed by a pause; "March!" - abruptly.

On the executive command, the guide goes in a circle to the center, gradually reducing the radius, with an interval between turns of about two steps. To exit the spiral, the command is given: “In the opposite direction to the left (right) - march!”.

On the executive command, the guide moves in a counter-move in a circle, gradually increasing the radius until a command follows on the further direction of movement - around or to some landmark.

Rice. 26. Movement "Spiral"

The exit from the spiral can also be done by turning around. In this case, the command is given: "All around - march!". At the executive command, everyone makes a turn in a circle, and the last one, becoming right-flanked, goes in a circle, gradually increasing the radius. Requirements for students, teaching methods, methods of improvement are the same as when building a circle.

movement. This subgroup includes exercises related to movements of a different nature and methods of their implementation, stops, turns. For example, movements in combat and regular steps, turns in motion, movement along the points and boundaries of the hall, diagonally, V bypass, in a circle, etc.

- openings and closings.Associated with ways to increase and decrease the interval and distance of the formation.

The main names of the system and its location are shown in Figure 8.

To perform drill exercises, one part of the actions and commands is used from Construction charter Armed Forces, another appeared with the specifics of conducting gymnastics classes. When conducting drill exercises in gymnastics lessons in gym conditionally determine the points - the center, midpoints, corners (Fig. 9).

The main rule for determining these points is how the class is built before the start of the lesson. This is usually one of

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long sides in the hall. If the windows are located only on one side, then the class is built with its back to them. In this case, the side of the hall where the class is built will be called the right side, and the opposite side - the left side. The side where the guide is located is the top, and the one where the closing one is the bottom. Structural exercises, as a rule, are performed by means of commands, which are divided into preliminary and executive parts. For example: “Step-MARSH!”, “Kru-GOM!”. But there are commands that contain only the executive part

(“Attention!”, “Equal!”, “At ease!”, “Straight!”, etc.). To get students' attention in front of the executive team, you can add the word "class" ("department", "group"). preliminarypart of the command is given clearly, loudly and somewhat drawn out so that students can prepare for execution. Executive the command is given after a short pause, more abruptly and energetically. On any preliminary command, the trainees take the position of the “At attention!” Stand, therefore, this command should not be abused (especially when conducting general developmental exercises). If the command "Attention!" served, it must be executed flawlessly. When giving the command, the teacher must be in the position of the main stance. In some cases, it is advisable to replace commands with orders. For example, instead of giving the class on the floor the command “Let’s go!”, it’s better to give the order “Turn left.” Commands in which there is an indication of the direction of movement differ as follows: "left" - movement in the indicated direction with a simultaneous turn, "left" - movement in the indicated direction without turning, i.e. sideways. For example: “To the right, two steps at once, KNOCK!” and “To the right with side steps som-KNISH!”. When opening, you should specify the direction, the size of the interval and the method of execution. For example: “Two steps to the left with side steps at once, KNISH!”. When giving commands for rebuilding, it is necessary to name the formation, then the direction of movement and the method of execution. For example, when rebuilding from a column of one to a column of four by turning in motion, the command is given like this: “In a column of four, to the left - MARCH!”. In commands, the word "walk" is omitted if the class is already in motion. For example: "Diagonally - MARCH!".

When teaching drill exercises, they use the methods of demonstration, explanation and practical implementation. As a rule, the demonstration is combined with an explanation, and then a practical action follows. With direct practical development, a holistic method and the method of dissected learning are used. The holistic method is mainly taught to perform drill receptions. When using the dissected method, the exercise is performed on the account. For example: "Turn to the right, do it - once!" (students, keeping the “at attention”, turn on the left toe and right heel and pause), on the command “Do two!” put the left foot on the right. After several repetitions of this technique, a turn is made as a whole on the command “Direct-IN!” or "Nale-VO!".

In order to quickly master various constructions and rebuildings, especially in primary grades, it is advisable to use special markings on the floor. For example, to master the constructions in a line and a column, markings are made on one side of the hall in the form of dots applied with chalk or paint at a distance of 40 cm from each other. For rebuilding with a certain interval and distance when performing general developmental exercises, you can also make appropriate markings in the form of stars or dots. To quickly perform various constructions and improve drill exercises, it is advisable to use game tasks type: I. p. - building in one line; 1-2 - side step left forward .; 3-4 - right turn; 5-6 - side step right to the side; 7-8 - turn left - and outdoor games ("The guys have a strict order", "Quickly line up", "Do as I do", etc.).

To successfully conduct drill exercises, the teacher must:

• 
  know the teaching methodology;

• 
  know the commands and be able to give them correctly (accuracy of the command, intonation and volume of the voice, the ability to stay in front of the class);
• 
  choose the right place in front of the formation (on the spot, in motion);
• 
  monitor the posture and accuracy of the execution of drill exercises (be demanding);
• 
  be able to carry out counting and conduct drill exercises with musical accompaniment.

4.1. BRIEF EXERCISES IN I-XI CLASSES

1st class

Students of class I need to master the following combat exercises: combat stance, building in a column one at a time and in a line, in a circle, rebuilding in links, in pre-established places; opening to arms raised to the sides; turns right, left; commands "Step - MARCH!", "Class - STOP!".

Drill (main) rack. INin the position of the combat (main) stance, you need to stand taut, even, but without undue stress: put your heels together, turn your toes to the width of your foot, straighten your knees; keep head straight, shoulders

pull back slightly and lower freely; straighten your arms along the body, half-bend your fingers, thumb- in the middle of the thigh. The combat stance is taken on the command "Become!" and "Quietly!".

Formation in a column one at a time.It is carried out on command: “Class, in a column one at a time - STAND!”. Having given a command, the teacher (and as the student on duty masters this exercise) assumes the position of the drill (main) stance facing the direction of movement, and the class becomes behind him. The distance between students is the distance of one step or an outstretched arm, with the palm of which should touch the shoulder of the student standing in front. The elements of correct construction are not acquired immediately. It is especially difficult to maintain the required distance, which is why the presence of markings or landmarks (flags, balls, etc.) is so important here. Children learn to take their places, to be at a certain distance from each other and to observe alignment.

Alignment.Produced on command: "Class, in one line - STAND!". P ^ command, the teacher takes the position of the combatant, the class lines up to the left of him. With the beginning of the construction, the teacher goes out of order and monitors the alignment of the class. When teaching formations in a column one at a time and in a line, the teacher also uses the command “Disperse!”. For example, after building a class in one or another system, the teacher checks the correctness and gives the command “Disperse!”. Children are out of order, playing or moving freely around the hall. After 10-15 s, on the command "Become!" students must take their seats. The task is repeated several times. When teaching students to build in a column and line, the teacher must explain what is meant by the words "column" and "line". Next, you should show by example, placing the students in the back of each other's head (column) or on the same line facing in one direction (line), which system is called a column, and which line. Students should also understand that the distance between those standing in a column is called the distance, and between those standing in a line is called the interval.

Building in a circle.The easiest option is to build in a circle from the line holding hands. Two methods are possible here: a) students join hands, and the teacher, grabbing the right hand of the leader (right-flank), with his left hand, moves in a circle and connects the hands of the leader and the trailer; b) the teacher, stopping against the student in the middle of the line at a distance of several steps, gives the order:

"Holding hands, line up in a circle." By this order, the student in the middle of the line stands still, and the rest move, holding hands, to the left and right of him, forming a circle around the teacher. When the children learn these construction methods, you can build in a circle on the command “In a circle - STAND!”.

Rebuilding by links, at predetermined places.It is used to perform general developmental exercises, relay races, some outdoor games. To do this, the teacher calls three (four) students out of order and puts one at a time at a distance convenient for classes. Then he calls the next three or four students who stand in the back of the head as guides, etc. When the children know their places in the column, the construction can be done by the command “Class, in a column of three (four) - STAND!”. To perform general developmental exercises during rebuilding, it is effective to use pre-prepared markings, taking into account certain intervals and distances.

Opening to arms raised to the sides. Opening is best studied in small lines or rows at first. After explaining the exercise, the teacher gives the order “Open hands raised to the sides”, according to which all students, except for the one standing on the right, move to the left, while raising their arms to the sides, until the ends of the fingers of the hands raised to the sides touch the fingers of the neighbors right and left.

Turns to the right and to the leftplace. In the 1st grade, turns to the right and to the left are first mastered in the simplest ways: by stepping over and jumping. To do this, the teacher introduces students to the location of the right and left sides. For example, orders are given: “Raise your right hand”, “Turn towards your right hand”, and no attention is paid to the method of turning. After the students have firmly mastered the right and left sides, they are shown a turn by stepping over. It is performed at the expense of "one-two" on the command "Direct-IN!", "Nale-IN!". Pupils, freely stepping from one foot to another, turn in the right direction. To perform a jump turn, the command “Jump to the right-TO (to the left-TO)!” Is given. Having mastered these turns, you can start learning turns on the heel of one and on the toe of the other leg. The turn to the right is performed on the heel of the right foot and the toe of the left, and to the left - vice versa. The turn is first performed by dividing into two counts: on the count of "times" they turn on the heel of one and on the toe of the other leg in the right side, on "two" - they put the foot that was on the toe to the other leg. When children learn to

turns on the spot by divisions, you can start its implementation on command. For example, on the preliminary command “Go-”, the children perform the first half of the turn, which corresponds to the count “one”, - turn on the right heel and left toe. According to the executive command "-VO!" put the left foot to the right, ending the turn. When learning to turn on the spot, it is immediately necessary to pay attention to the position of the hands, since their relaxed position is one of the common mistakes in this exercise.

Commands "Step - MARSH!", "Class - STOP!". INdepending on which command is given: "On the spot with a step - MARCH!" or "Step - MARCH!", - students must perform certain actions. Teaching the command "Step - MARCH!" it is advisable to lead after mastering the commands “On the spot with a step - MARCH!” and "Class - STOP!". At the command "On the spot with a step - MARCH!" after pronouncing its preliminary part, the students must transfer the weight of the body to the right foot, and according to the executive part, start moving from the left foot and step in place until the command “Class - STOP!”, The executive part of which is given under the left leg, then a step is taken with the right left leg. Training is best done frontally in a line. After mastering these commands on the spot, you can start learning moving forward. To do this, the command “Step - MARCH!” is given, and the students begin to move forward. To stop them, the command “Class - STOP!” is given.

Bypass movement. In the same class, it is necessary to teach children to move in a column along the boundaries of the hall, that is, around. To perform this movement, the command “To bypass to the left (right) with a step - MARCH!” is given.

Along with the use of mastered drill exercises in the 1st grade, students in the 2nd grade learn new ones. These include: rebuilding from one line to two and back; rebuilding from one column to two and back; opening and closing with side steps; movement to the specified landmarks, in a circle.

Rebuilding from one line to two.After the calculation "on the first-second" the command is given: "Class, in two lines - BUILD!". On the executive command, the second numbers on the count of “times” take a step back with the left; at the expense of "two", without placing the right foot, - step to the right to stand in the back of the head of the first numbers; on the count of "three" - put the left foot. For back-

th rebuilding, the command “Class, in one line - RAISE!” is given. On the executive command, the second numbers go to the line of the first, making a step to the left on the count of “times” with their left foot; at the expense of "two", without placing the right foot, - step forward; on the count of "three" - put the left foot.

Before learning to completely rebuild on this command, you can first teach how to rebuild from one line to two without a combat team, using the methods known in school practice. The first method is characterized by the fact that after the calculation for the “first-second”, the command “First numbers, two (three) steps forward step - MARSH!” is given. The second way is connected with the movement of the second numbers back. After calculating the "first-second" it is necessary to give the command "Second numbers, two (three) steps back step - MARCH!". In both cases, the children will stand after rebuilding in a checkerboard pattern.

Rebuilding from one column one at a time to a column of two on the spot. As well as when rebuilding from one line to two, a preliminary calculation is made for the “first-second”, then the command “Class, in a column of two - BUILD!” is given. According to the executive part of the team, the second ones at the expense of “times” take a step to the right with their right foot; on the count of "two", without placing the left one, a step forward to align with the first number; put the right foot on the count of "three". The reverse rebuilding is performed on the command "Class, in one column - LINE!". At this command, the second numbers on the count of "one" take a step back with the right; on "two" - step with the right , standing in the back of the head first, and put the right one on three.At first, you can use a simplified version of rebuilding with side steps to the right or left.

Opening and closing with side steps. First, the performance of side steps is studied, when the children are in a column one at a time, then opening in a column of two, three and four is practiced. The command given by the teacher must indicate in which direction, at what distance and in what way the opening is carried out. For example: “Two steps to the left with side steps at once, KNISH!”. In addition, opening can be performed to the right and from the middle. The outer columns begin to open, then the remaining columns enter sequentially every two counts. For closing, the command “To the right (to the left, to the middle) with side steps som-KNISH!” is given. All columns start closing at the same time.

Movement to the indicated landmarks, in a circle. For this purpose, first of all, the points of the hall can be used. For example-

measures, the command “To the upper right corner - MARSH!” is given. When the guide reaches the specified point, he must step in place and wait for the next command. In order to increase the interest and increase the attention of students, you can change the guides after each command. To move in a circle, the command “In a circle - MARCH!” is usually given at one of the middle. The size of the circle is determined by indicating the distance, for example, “Distance three steps!”. In this case, students move in a circle until an even circle is formed with a specified distance between students.The exit from the circle can be performed by a command associated with movement around or to one of the points of the hall.

In grade III, it is necessary to consolidate the skills in building and rebuilding from one to two lines, from one column to two columns. Learn to move diagonally, counter-move, snake, turn right and left in motion. Familiarize yourself with the commands “Wider step!”, “Shorter step!”, “More step!”, “Re-SAME!”.

Diagonal movement. It is carried out in a straight line from one corner of the hall through the center to another corner on the command "Diagonally - MARCH!". The executive part is served at the moment when the guide reaches the corresponding corner. To continue the movement, you can give various commands. For example: “The guide is IN THE PLACE!”, “Bypassing to the right (left) - MARCH!” and so on.

Movement in the opposite direction. This is the movement of the entire column behind the guide in the opposite direction at the command “Reverse to the right (left) - MARCH!”. The interval between oncoming columns is one step. For counter-moving to the left, the executive command is given under the step of the left foot, and for counter-moving to the right - under the step of the right.

Snake movement. These are several countermoves performed in a row. Therefore, the first command will correspond to the movement in the opposite direction: "In the opposite way to the left (right) - MARCH!". The second team "Snake - MARCH!" is served at the moment of completion of the first counter-move.

Turns right and left on the move. The commands are the same as for performing turns on the spot (“Direct-IN!”, “Nale-IN!”). The executive command for turning to the right is given under the right foot, after which the student, taking a step forward with his left,

turns on the left toe and with the right foot begins to move in a new direction. The executive command for turning to the left is given under the left foot, the turn is performed on the right toe. Starting training, it is necessary to repeat the turns in place, then while walking in place and then in motion. Change in movement speed.It is performed according to the commands “Wider step!”, “Shorter step!”, “More step!”, “Re-SAME!”. The first three teams are executive, the fourth team has preliminary and executive parts. The executive part of the commands is given under the left leg.

In grade IV, students should learn to follow the commands “Lead!”, “Attention!”, “At ease!”, Calculate in order, give a report to the teacher, perform turns around in place, rebuild from one line into three ledges and from a column one at a time. a column of three and four turning in motion.

Combat techniques for the commands "Equal!", "Attention!", "At ease!".Team "Equal!" usually served after lining up. At this command, students must turn their heads towards the right-flank (guide). If it is necessary to align to the other side, then the command “To the left - EQUALIZE!” is given. In the case when alignment to the middle is required, then the command “To the middle - EQUALIZE!” is given. At the command "Quiet!" students take a combat stance. Team "Free!" performed differently depending on the specific conditions. In close formation at the command "At ease!" the right or left leg relaxes, and, without leaving the place, the student assumes a freer position. In open formation on the command "At ease!" the right leg is set aside half a step to the side, the body weight is evenly distributed on both legs, the arms are freely folded crosswise on the lower back.

Calculation in order.For the calculation, the command “Class, in order - PAY OUT!” is given. Students call their serial numbers: first, second, third, etc. The calculation starts from the right flank and is accompanied by a turn of the head to the left. Numbers must be announced loudly and clearly. The last one in the line calls his number, takes a step forward from his left foot, puts his right foot to his left and says: “The calculation is over”, after which, again from his left foot, he takes a step back.

Turn around in place.The turn is performed on command: "Kru-GOM!" 180 ° towards the left shoulder on the heel of the left and toe

ke right leg. The teaching methodology is the same as when learning to turn left and right on the spot.

Rebuilding from one line into three ledges. INdepending on how far apart the teacher wants to build lines, one or another option can be used. For example, if the distance between the lines needs to be set in two steps, then a preliminary calculation should be carried out on the command “Four, two in place - CALCULATE!”. After that, the command "According to the calculation step - MARCH!" is given. At this command, each student takes the appropriate number of steps forward and puts his foot forward. For the reverse rebuilding on the command "To your place with a step - MARCH!" those who are out of order turn around, go to their places and make a turn around. If you wish to increase the distance between the ranks, rebuilding can be performed after the command: “Six, three in place - SET UP!”.

Rebuilding from a column one at a time into a column of three (four) by turning in motion.When the class moves around to the left, as a rule, on the upper or lower boundaries of the hall, the command “In a column of two (three, four, etc.) to the left - MARCH!” is given. After turning the first two (threes, fours, etc.), the next ones turn in the same place as the first. Here you can also give instructions about the interval and distance. For the reverse rebuilding, the commands “Direct-IN!” and “Into the column, one at a time, bypassing to the left with a step - MARCH!”. By last command everyone starts moving to the border of the hall, reaching which they turn and start moving around to the left. The simplest option is to rebuild in a column of two. To do this, the teacher counts the children on the first or second, after which one of the pairs demonstrates the rebuilding from the column one by one to the column two. The rebuild is then performed by the entire class. When teaching, you can also use landmarks. It is necessary to pay attention to the correct execution of turns in motion, their synchronism, respect for the distance and interval, alignment in twos (triples, fours).

Report to the teacher. Before the teacher arrives, the duty officer builds a class in one line, equalizes and counts the students in order. After the teacher enters, the attendant gives the command “Class - QUIETLY!” and approaches the teacher. Three steps away from him, the duty officer stops, assumes a “at attention” position and reports: “Viktor Ivanovich! There are 30 students in the class, two are missing. Duty Nikolaev Andrey. Then the attendant takes a few steps forward and, standing to the left of the teacher, turns around.

facing the class. The teacher greets the students: "Hello guys!". After a clear and loud answer “Hello, Viktor Ivanovich!”, The teacher gives the command “At ease!”, It is repeated by the duty officer and returns to his place in the shortest possible way. Introducing students to the procedure for submitting a report, the teacher must talk about the rules of conduct for the duty officer and personally demonstrate this in front of the formation. In the future, students, usually on duty, take turns submitting a report at each lesson.

The main exercise for students in grade V is to rebuild from a column of one to a column of two, four by crushing and mixing, and the reverse rebuilding from a column of four, two by dilution and merging.

Rebuilding is performed as follows. When the class moves around on one of the middles (upper or lower), the command "Through the center - MARSH!" is given. On this command, the class moves in a column one by one through the center towards the opposite middle. When the guide approaches the opposite middle, the following command is given: “Into the columns, one at a time, bypassing to the right and to the left - MARCH!” (splitting up). The first goes to the right, the second to the left around, etc. By the time the two columns meet in the opposite middle, the command “Into the column two through the center - MARCH!” (reduction). Each pair, meeting in the middle, turns towards the center and moves towards the opposite middle. To build in a column of four (eight), splitting and mixing are repeated, indicating in each case the number of columns in teams. The reverse rebuilding is called dilution and merging. For example, to make a breeding from a column of four, you must give the following command: "In columns of two, bypassing to the right and left - MARCH!". At this command, the column, as it were, splits in two in the middle - two go around to the right, two go to the left from each four. On the opposite side, when the columns meet, the command “Into the column two through the center - MARCH!” (merge). At this command, two columns of two, as it were, merge into one column of two. For further rebuilding, the commands are repeated indicating the number of columns. Training must be carried out separately, stopping the columns before issuing commands and naming the rebuilding being performed, first learning how to rebuild into a column of two and back.

Pupils of the VI grade master the drill step, opening and closing with turns.

Building step. It is used when passing through a solemn march, when approaching a teacher during a report, when breaking down. It is performed with the toe pulled forward. The foot rises 15-20 cm from the floor and is placed firmly on the entire foot. Hands, starting from the shoulder, make the following movements: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands are above the belt to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are half bent. Keep your head and torso straight while moving, looking straight ahead. The normal frequency of steps is 110-120 per minute.

Opening and closing. It is performed from a column of two, three, four, etc. on the command “To the right (to the left, from the middle) for two (three, four, etc.) steps at once, STOP!”. If the number of steps is not specified, then the opening is made by one step. Everyone, with the exception of the student, from whom the opening is made, turn right (left, right and left) and, having advanced so that the distance between the columns is the specified number of steps, turn to face the front. After giving the command, the teacher counts until everyone takes their place. For closing, the command “To the left (to the right, to the middle) som-KNISH!” is given. All actions are performed in reverse order. It is desirable to start training in a column of two (to the right, to the left, from the middle).

The program material for students of grade VII provides for the development of turns by 45 ° and mastering the ability to change the length of the step.

45° turns. They are performed both to the right and to the left according to the commands “Half-turn to the right-IN!” and "Half-turn on the left-IN!". According to the execution technique, they correspond to turns to the right and left in place.

Change in stride length.For this purpose, to the previously mastered commands “Wider step!”, “Shorter step!”, “More step!”, “Re-EKE!”, With which you can change the pace of movement and step length, the commands “Full step!” and "Half a step!" These commands are usually issued during the movement of the class in the column.

VIII CLASS

A new exercise for students in grade VIII is the ability to move from walking in place to walking.

The transition from a step in place to movement is carried out by the command “Straight!”, Which is given under the left foot, then a right step is taken in place and forward movement begins with the left foot. The command has only an executive part, therefore, to achieve greater coordination of movements, the word “class” can be used as a preliminary part. To teach her in a line in combination with the command "On the spot with a step - MARCH!".

In this class, students learn a kind of transition from stepping in place to moving a certain number of steps. For this purpose, instead of the command "Direct!" the command “Two (three, four, etc.) steps forward (back, to the side) is given - MARCH!”

The main exercise that students in grade X will have to master is turning around in motion.

For its implementation, the command “Circle - MARSH!” is given. The executive part of the command is given simultaneously with the setting of the right leg. After that, on the count of "one" you need to take a step with your left foot forward, on the count of "two" - half a step with your right foot forward and slightly to the left and turn sharply around in the direction of your left hand on the toes of both legs, on the count of "three" continue to move with your left foot in a new direction.

The program provides for the consolidation of previously mastered exercises. In order to instill interest and expand educational material can be used additional material, for example, rebuilding from one circle to two and three.

Rebuilding from one circle to two. It is performed after a preliminary calculation of three by the command "In two circles - BUILD!" . According to the executive team, the first numbers are in place second go forward to the center of the circle two steps, third affairs-. take half a step to the right in a circle. Reverse rebuilding performs-

Xia on the command “In one circle - BUILD!”: the first numbers stand still, the second take two steps back, the third - half a step to the left. Rebuilding from one circle to three. For its implementation, a preliminary calculation of seven is made and the command is given: "In three circles - BUILD!". On this command, the first, third and fifth the numbers are in place; second and sixth take two steps towards the center of the circle; fourth - step forward four steps; seventh - half a step to the right. The reverse rebuilding is carried out at the command “In one circle - LINE UP!”: the first, third and fifth stand in place; the second and sixth take two steps back; fourth - four steps back; seventh - half a step to the left.

Questions and tasks

1. 
   How many subgroups are drill exercises divided into?
2. 
   What is the basic rule for determining the sides and points of the gym.
3. 
   What groups are most of the drill teams divided into?
4. 
   What methods are used in teaching drill exercises?
5. 
   What exercises are related to combat exercises?
6. 
   List the constructions and rebuildings provided for by the "Comprehensive Program physical education» for students of grades I-XI of secondary schools.
7. 
   What types of movement are provided for students of grades I-XI by the "Comprehensive program of physical education"?
8. 
   What command is given to build from one column to a column of two (three, four) in motion?

Literature BrykinA. T. gymnastic terminology. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1969. - 189 p.

Comprehensive program of physical education // In: Physical education of students in grades I-XI: Programs of educational institutions. - M.: Education, 1996. - S. 106-204.

Kosarin N. Ya., Shvidchenko K. E.Manual for training a young soldier. - M .: Military Publishing, 1970. - Issue 4. Drill and physical training. - 180 s.

Chapter 5

General developmental exercises (ORU) - movements separate parts bodies or their combinations, performed at different speeds and amplitudes, with maximum and moderate muscle tension. Depending on the purpose and objectives of the lesson, ORU can be aimed primarily at preparing the body of students for the upcoming work (warm-up), mastering the school of movements, educating physical qualities, improvement of various organs and systems of the body, the formation of correct posture.

The performance of ORU in the preparatory part of the lesson should ensure optimal excitation of the cerebral cortex, a more even flow of nerve impulses coming from the motor zone of the cerebral hemispheres, and there is a general activation of activity internal organs. All this ensures the readiness of the body to perform exercises that are mastered and used to develop physical qualities (strength, flexibility, strength endurance), the formation of correct posture in the main part of the lesson. In the final part of the lesson, ORUs are performed in order to active rest and switching students to another activity.

ORU are a universal means of physical education at school, as they are used not only in physical education lessons, but also during morning exercises, physical education minutes and physical education breaks, sports holidays. They can be performed without objects, with objects (sticks, stuffed balls, dumbbells, kettlebells, hoops, jump ropes,

rubber shock absorbers, on simulators), as well as with mutual help to each other with different construction of students (in columns, circle, lines), on the spot and in motion. Outdoor switchgear have a number of features: they are accurately dosed, can be used in various options and combinations. This ensures the selective nature of the impact on individual groups muscles and certain body systems. As a result of the systematic repetition of the ORU, a kind of fund of motor experience, motor qualities and abilities is created, which are necessary both in life practice and for the formation of complex gymnastic skills. ORUs play an important role in the formation of posture: thanks to them, the muscles that contribute to the correct position of the spine and foot are strengthened. This is important for physical development children, since it is in preschool and school age there is a formation of the curves of the spine, finally ending at 11-13 years.

In addition, ORUs are an excellent tool for the development of the respiratory system, since each complex includes exercises that strengthen the diaphragm - the main respiratory muscle, intercostal muscles, muscles abdominals to promote deeper breathing. Rhythm of movements allows you to form the skills of rational breathing, which consists in the ability to regulate the strength and duration of inhalation and exhalation, to combine the rhythm and frequency of breathing with the structure of movement. A clear rhythm, strict dosage, periodic increase and decrease in the load in the open switchgear contribute to strengthening the heart muscle, increase the stroke volume of the heart, and improve the rhythm of contractions. Exercise has a big impact on development nervous system. Speed ​​of reaction, I coordination, conscious possession of movements are also important for the mental development of children. As a rule, outdoor switchgear are performed in a team, which contributes to the development of organization and discipline in children. plays a positive role and musical accompaniment. In recent years, such non-traditional types of exercises as rhythmic and athletic gymnastics, gymnastics for the eyes, breathing exercises, elements of hatha yoga, wushu, etc.

However, as practice shows, students and novice teachers do not use that rich arsenal of ORU in gymnastics lessons at school, often using template exercises, they do not explain the meaning and place of these exercises in the system of physical education of children with insufficient reasoning.

5 Teaching methodology
gymnastics at school "| 29

adults. The main task provided for by the comprehensive program and the national educational standard for physical culture, is the education of the need and ability to engage independently exercise, consciously apply them for the purpose of rest, training, increasing efficiency and strengthening health. In this regard, it is useful to recall the advice of Pierre de Coubertin: "It is not the exercise itself that is important, but how you perform it, with what attention, with what strength and, most importantly, for what."

With their help, they form correct posture, the focus of students' attention on the subject of classes is achieved. Through the use of drill exercises, students are brought up: organization, discipline, a sense of rhythm and pace, and the skills of joint actions are also formed.

For the convenience of using drill exercises, the boundaries of the gymnasium have conventions. They are determined relative to the right border of the hall, along which a training group is usually built before the start of classes. The opposite side has a name. From the right-flank side, the short side bears the name, and the opposite side. The middle transverse and longitudinal lines form, when crossing with the extreme right, left, upper and lower middles, and intersecting with each other, they form the center of the hall. side lines, connecting with each other, form the following corners: right-upper, left-upper, right-lower, left-lower.

Varieties of the system, elements of the system.

1. The system is the established placement of those involved for their joint actions.

2. A line is called a system in which the students are placed one next to the other on the same line.

3. The flank is the right and left extremity of the formation. When turning, the names of the flanks do not change.

4. Front - the side of the system in which those involved are facing.

5. Rear - the side of the system opposite the front.

6. The interval is the distance along the front between those involved,

7. The width of the system - the distance between the fronts.

8. A column is a system in which those involved stand at the back of their heads to each other.

9. Distance is the distance in depth between those involved.

10. The depth of the formation is the distance from the one standing in front from the first line to the one standing behind the student to the last line in the column.

11. Two-line system - those involved in one line are located in the back of the head of those involved in the other line. The lines are called the first and second.

12. Row - engaged, standing in a two-line formation at the back of the head one another.

13. Guide - engaged, moving in the indicated direction first in the column.

14. Trailing - engaged, moving last in the column

Basic rules for pronunciation of commands.

1. Commands are divided into preliminary and executive / , / But there are only executive commands / , /.

2. On any preliminary command, the trainees assume a standing position.

3. When giving commands for rebuilding, you must first name the formation, then the direction of movement and the method of execution.

All combat exercises can be divided into the following groups:

1. Buildings.

2. Combat techniques on the spot.

3. Rebuilds on the spot.

4. Ways of movement.

6. Rebuilding in motion.

7. Opening and closing.

1. Buildings.

1. To start classes, a group must be built. There are certain commands for this:

1/ Alignment.To line up, the teacher needs to stand facing the front in position, at the point where the right-flank one should stand and give the command! The group lines up to his left.

2/ Building in a column.The command is given: .

The teacher, at the same time as the command is given, takes a position at a distance of one step from the place where the guide should stand. The group lines up behind the teacher.

3 / To build in a circle, it is pronounced: .

2. Construction techniques on the spot.

1. Everyone except the right flank on this command turns his head to the right so that everyone sees the chest of the fourth person, considering himself the first.

2. . At this command, you need to stand straight in the ranks, without tension, heels together, socks deployed along the front line to the width of the foot.

3. At this command, you need to stand freely, loosening the right or left leg at the knee, but do not leave your seat and do not talk,

4. . This command is applied in an open system. Those involved put the named leg a step to the side, distributing the weight of the body on both legs and put their hands behind their backs.

5. To the given command, the preceding provision applies.

6. . Those involved turn towards the left hand on

left heel and right toe / one / and put the right to the left, lowering to the full foot / two /.

7. . Those involved turn towards the right hand on the right heel and left toe / one / and put the left to the right / two /.

8. The turn is carried out towards the left hand on the left heel, right toe 180 / times / and put the right foot to the left / two /.

On-site changes.

1. Rebuilding from one line to two. The command is given first: Then the command is given: . On this command, the second numbers take a step left back /one/ with the right to the right behind the first numbers /two/ and put the left one /three/. When learning, it is necessary to give a count of 1,2,3. When rebuilding, the command is given: . At this command, the second numbers take a step left to the side / one /, right forward / two / and put the left one / three /.

2. Rebuilding from one line to three. The command is given:

Then the second command: On this command, the second numbers stand still, the first numbers take a step forward with the right / one /, with the left side / two / and, putting the right to the left / three /, stand in front of the second numbers. The third numbers take a step back with the left /one/, with the right to the side /two/ and, putting their left foot /three/, stand in the back of the head of the second numbers. For the reverse rebuilding, the command is given: . Rebuilding occurs in reverse order.

3. Rebuilding from the line.

Depending on how many lines need to be built and the corresponding command is given:. - Second command:

Those involved go to the number of steps they are supposed to take and put their foot on. The teacher makes a count until the moment when the first line puts a foot /making a count of 7, or 10/. For reverse construction, the command is given: , and then: . At this command, all those leaving the line turn around, go to their places in one line and make a turn around.

4. Rebuilding from one column to three.

After a preliminary calculation in threes, the command is given: Rebuilding is performed by incremental steps. For reverse rebuilding, a command is given: Rebuilding is performed by incremental steps.

Ways of movement.

1. Walking in place. Command: /word is pronounced briefly/. , is served when a moving group needs to close a distance of one step, since when performing exercises on the move, the distance is usually greater. On command: all involved indicate a step in place, regardless of what distance they have.

2. Transition from walking in place to movement. Command: given under the left foot, after which the right step is skipped and forward movement begins with the left foot.

3. Stop moving. Command: served under the left foot, after which a step is taken with the right and the left foot is attached.

4. Walking. Command: is given for any movement in step from a place. The movement starts with the left foot. Command: used when switching from other types of walking, running and at the end of exercises in motion. The executive command is performed under the left leg.

5. Combat step. Step. In which the leg should be taken out 15-20 cm from the floor, holding the foot horizontally, put the foot on the entire foot, When moving the arms forward, bend them so that the hands rise to the width of the palm above the waist, when moving back, the arm straightens and retracts to failure in the shoulder joint. The command is given:

V. Change in stride length and movement speed. Commands: , .

7. Transition from step to run and back. A command is given: When switching from running to a step, a command is given: . served under the right leg

5. Change of direction of movement.

1. Movement around. Team:

2. Diagonal movement. The command is given:

3. Movement in the opposite direction. The command is given: . The interval between columns is one step. Counter-movement inward or outward is performed in columns of two. Team; .

4. Snake movement. Several countermoves performed in a row is called a snake. The size of the snake is determined by the first counter move. Commands:,

5. Movement in a spiral. Team: . The executive command is given in one of the middle of the hall. When exiting the spiral, a command is given; , or,

6. Open loop movement. When moving around, the command is given: . On this command, the guide turns to the left and moves to the opposite border of the hall, then counter-moves to the left at a distance of one step, at the intersection of the column they pass through one.

6. Rebuilding in motion.

1. Rebuilding from a column one at a time to a column of two, three, etc. with a turn in motion. When the group moves to the left around, as a rule, a command is given on the upper or lower boundary of the hall: After the first two have turned, the next ones make a turn on their own. For the reverse rebuilding, the following commands are given: , .

2. Rebuilding from a column one at a time into columns of two, four, eight by crushing and mixing. Rebuilding is done on the move. Command: , as a rule, is given in one of the middles of the hall. Command: The command is given when the columns meet in the middle of the hall where the rebuilding began. Continuing the crushing and reduction, you can build columns of four, eight, etc. The reverse rebuilding is called dilution and merging. For example, rebuilding from a column of two to a column of one. Commands: At this command, the right column goes around to the right, the left one - climbs. When the columns meet in the opposite middle, the command is given: .

7. Opening and closing.

1. Commands: If the number of steps is not indicated, then the opening is made by one step. Everyone, with the exception of the student, from whom the opening is made, perform a turn to the right / left / and, having advanced so much that the distance between the partners is the specified number of steps, turn to face the front. After giving the command, the teacher counts two by two until everyone take their place in the ranks. To close, the command is given: . All actions are performed in reverse order. The same opening can be done by running. When issuing a command, the word is added: .

2. Opening with added steps is carried out according to. Team: . After the command is given, the teacher starts counting in twos until the opening is completed. The outer columns begin to open, and then sequentially, every two counts, the rest enter. For closing, the command is given: All columns start closing at the same time. The teacher keeps counting by two until the end of the closure.

3. Opening on command. For example: , etc. Opening along the guides in the columns, which the teacher sets at the required interval.

4. Opening with arcs. From the column in four, on command: the second and third numbers in five steps but in an arc / forward / go out from the extreme two steps, put their foot on the 7-8th counts, turn around, and then / from the third count / go out in arcs back to established places and put a foot on. To close, the command is given:

Drill stand (Fig. 60). The combat stance is taken on the command "STAND".

At this command, quickly get into line and stand straight, without tension, put your heels together, and deploy your socks along the front line to the width of your feet; straighten the legs at the knees, but do not strain; raise the chest, and move the whole body forward a little; pick up the stomach; expand shoulders; lower your hands so that the hands, palms turned inward, are on the side and in the middle of the hips, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without exposing your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action.

On the spot, at the command "ATTEST", quickly take a combat stance and do not move.

The position “at attention” on the spot is accepted even without a command: during the performance of the National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus, when giving and receiving orders, when reporting and addressing military personnel to each other, during a military salute, as well as when giving commands.

At the command "FREE", become free, loosen the right or left leg at the knee, but do not move, do not weaken attention, do not talk.

At the command "REFUEL", without leaving your place in the ranks, fix weapons, uniforms and equipment; if necessary, fail - for permission to contact the immediate supervisor; talking and smoking - only with the permission of the senior commander. Before the command “REFUEL”, the command “FREE” is given.

To remove the headgear, the command “REMOVE the headgear (headdress)” is given, and to put it on, “PUT ON the headgear (headdress)”. If necessary, single military personnel take off their hats and put them on without a command. The removed headdress is held in the left freely lowered hand with a star (cockade) forward.

Turns in place. Turns on the spot are performed according to the commands: “Direction-IN”, “Half-turn right-IN”. “Nale-VO”, “Half-turn on left-VO”. Kru-GOM.

Turns in a circle (for 1/2 circle), to the left (for 1/4 circle), half a turn to the left (for 1/8 circle) are performed towards the left hand on the left heel and on the right toe; to the right and half a turn to the right - towards the right hand on the right heel and on the left toe.

Turns are performed in two counts: on the first count, turn around, maintaining the correct position of the body, and, without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front leg, on the second count, put the other leg in the shortest way.

Movement. The movement is made by walking or running. Normal walking speed is 110-120 steps per minute. The step size is 70-80 cm. The normal running speed is 165-180 steps per minute. Step size 85-90 cm.

The step is drill and marching.

The drill step (Fig. 61) is used when passing units in a solemn march; during a military greeting by them on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in combat exercises.

The marching step is applied in all other cases.

The movement with a marching step begins at the command "Commander step - MARCH" (in the movement "Stroyev - MARCH"), and the movement with a marching step at the command "Step - MARCH". On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.

When moving with a drill step, take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground and put it firmly on the entire foot, separating the other leg from the ground at the same time. With hands, starting from the shoulder, perform movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are half bent. In movement, keep the head and body straight, look in front of you.

When moving with a marching step, take the leg out freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground, as in normal walking; hands to perform free movements around the body.

When moving at a marching step, at the command "AT ATTENTION", go to a combat step. When moving with a marching step, on the command “FREE”, go at a marching step.

On the command "REFILL" it is allowed to correct weapons, uniforms and equipment, if necessary, contact the immediate superior. Get out of line and talk - only with the permission of the commander.

Running begins at the command "Run - MARCH ». When moving from a place on a preliminary command, the body is slightly forward, the arms are half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back; on the executive command, start running with the left foot, with your hands to perform free movements forward and backward in time with the run.

A step (run) on the spot (Fig. 62) is carried out on the command "On the spot, step (run) - MARCH". At this command, the step should be indicated by raising and lowering the legs, while the leg is raised 15-20 cm from the ground and placed on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track (when running - to the front); hands perform movements in time with the step.

On the command "STRAIGHT", given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step (running).

A command is given to stop the movement. For example: "Private Petrov - STOP."

According to the executive command, given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting the foot down, take the “at attention” position.

To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: “WIDER STEP”, “SHORT STEP”, “FORTER STEP”. "Re-JE".

"HALF STEP", "FULL STEP".

To move single soldiers a few steps to the side, a command is given, for example: "Private Petrov, two steps to the right (left), one step - MARCH." At this command, the soldier takes two steps to the right (left), placing his foot after each step.

To move forward or backward a few steps, a command is given, for example, "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH". On this command, take two steps forward (back) and put your foot.

When moving to the right, left and back, the movement of the hands is not performed.

Turns in motion. Turns in motion in steps are performed according to the commands: “Direct-IN”. “Half-turn to-right-IN”, “Nale-VO”, “Half-turn to left-IN”, “All around - MARCH”.

To turn right and half turn to the right, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. At this command, take a step from the left foot, turn on the toe of the left foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the right foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

For a turn to the left and half a turn to the left, the executive command is given simultaneously with the landing of the left foot on the ground. At this command, take a step from the right foot, turn on the toe of the right foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the left foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. At this command, take one more step with the left foot (on a count of times), move the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (two in a count), continue to move from the left foot in a new direction (for a count of three).

When turning, the movement of the hands is performed in time with the step.

Turns and half-turns to the right and left when running are performed according to the same commands as when walking, turning in one place for two counts to the beat of running. A turn around on the run occurs towards the left hand in one place for four counts per beat of the run.

1. Tell and show how the combat stance is performed. 2. Tell us about the actions of the servicemen on the commands "Attention", "At ease", "Refuel". 3. Perform turns on the spot and on the move, show the movement with a drill step.

Pre-conscription training: a textbook for grades 10-11. institutions of general avg. education with Russian lang. training / V. B. Varlamov. - 3rd ed., revision. and additional - Minsk: Adukatsiya i vykhavanne, 2012. - 328 p. : ill.

1. Turns on the spot: one half of the company makes two turns to the right, the other two turns to the left, then turn around together.

2. Giving a military salute on the spot: towards the front, towards the right (left) flank and rear, followed by turning around to the starting position.

3. Approach to the chief and departure from him: odd columns turn left, even columns turn right; all together take a step forward, at the same time putting their feet on, put their hand on the headgear, lower their hand, then again put their hand on the headgear; perform a turn around, take a step forward, put their left foot on the ground, lower their hand and put their foot. Returning to their original position, the odd columns make a turn to the left, the even columns to the right.

4. Turns in movement in squares: first, four turns to the right and four turns to the left in movement for four counts are performed, then two turns in a circle in movement, the first turn for four counts, the second for eight counts and return to the starting position.

Performing combat techniques and actions with weapons.

1. Approach to weapons and return with weapons to their places.

2. Performing techniques: “half a turn to the right (left)”, “put the weapon”, “in the gun”, “half a turn to the left (right)”, “on the shoulder”, “to the leg”, “circle”, “ on the shoulder”, “to the leg”, “around”.

3. Turns in the movement along the squares: first, the techniques “on the shoulder”, “on the arm” are performed in place, then the movement along the squares; all together make a stop, perform a reception "to the leg" and turn towards the front.

Reorganizations in the company.

1. Odd columns turn left, even columns turn right; everyone takes two steps forward, turns towards the front, then “doubling” and “aligning” the rows.

2. Performing techniques: "on guard", "to the foot", "around".

3. Odd columns turn right, even columns turn left; everyone takes two steps forward, turns towards the front.

Final part.

1. Turning to the right, performing a “shoulder” technique, moving the company under the orchestra to the right flank of the stadium. Closing along the front and in depth.

2. Passing a solemn march to the orchestra past the central podium with weapons in the “on hand” position, performing a “shoulder” technique and leaving the stadium with a song.

Note. Depending on the level of training of the personnel, the program of demonstration performances can be changed and supplemented.

VERIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DRILL TRAINING.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

Drill training in military units and connections is checked and evaluated at control sessions in the learning process, drill reviews and final checks for the training period and academic year, and in military educational institutions, in addition, at course (semester) exams and tests in accordance with the requirements of the Combat Regulations and other general military regulations of the Armed Forces. In addition, the test can also be current, when marks for single drill training are given by unit commanders during training sessions.

The overall assessment of the drill training of a subunit, unit and military school is made up of marks for single training, drill coherence of units and for fulfilling the requirements of the Drill Regulations and other general military regulations in Everyday life subject to the observance by all military personnel of the rules for wearing military uniforms. ;

Verification of drill training is carried out by conducting scheduled, sudden drill reviews and control exercises.

It is recommended to allocate two or three hours to check the drill training of a platoon, company (battery), battalion (division), equally and training units.

The subdivisions designated for inspection are brought to the parade ground with weapons. Upon arrival at the place of verification, they line up in a deployed two-tier system. The commander of the unit being checked upon the arrival of the senior commander reports to him about the readiness of the unit for the check.

The meeting of the inspectors at the drill review is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 7 of the Combat Charter “Combat review of a company, battalion and regiment”, and when conducting a control lesson, one should be guided by Art. 109, 110, 112, 128, 136, 145 of the Military Charter.

When conducting a control lesson, the order of the meeting is preserved, with the exception of: the inspector does not bypass the front of the formation, and the company (battery) commander does not hand over a combat note.

VERIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF SINGLE BATTLE TRAINING.

General provisions

Checking the single combat training of military personnel is carried out on inspection appearance, performing combat techniques without weapons and with weapons, as well as on knowledge of the provisions of the Military Regulations and other general military regulations, and for officers and cadets of military schools and training methods.

Requirements for the appearance of military personnel

The check begins with an examination of the appearance of the servicemen, with special attention paid to the fitting of uniforms, shoes, their serviceability and accuracy of refueling; the correctness of the stripe of shoulder straps and buttonholes; compliance with the rules for wearing orders and medals (ribbons of orders and medals) and badges; placement of emblems, stars and stripes on shoulder straps; compliance with the rules for wearing certain items of military uniform; cutting hair, wearing short, neat hairstyles by soldiers and sergeants; condition of equipment and weapons.

Simultaneously with the examination of the appearance, the presence of personnel, the assimilation by the military of the provisions of the Combat Regulations and other general military regulations, the knowledge of their superiors and subordinates, the presence of personal signs of officers and the correspondence of entries in identity cards (military cards) to the military rank, position and personal assigned to the military personnel are checked. weapons.

During the check, each soldier is given a mark for appearance.

Appearance grade is determined as "satisfactory" if the soldier is neatly tucked in, has a neat haircut and all items of military uniform strictly comply with the rules for wearing them.

The rating is determined as "unsatisfactory" if the serviceman has somehow violated the rules for wearing military uniforms and this shortcoming cannot be eliminated on the spot while in the ranks.

A unit is excluded from further verification if it has more than 15% of military personnel with unsatisfactory marks for appearance. If the deficiencies can be eliminated during the verification process, then in this case time is provided for their elimination and a re-inspection is carried out.

If less than 15% of servicemen with violations of the rules for wearing military uniforms are found in the unit being checked, then the unit check continues, but these servicemen are given unsatisfactory marks for appearance.

Checking the execution of drill techniques

At the end of the appearance inspection, a single training check is carried out: first, drill techniques and actions are performed without weapons, then with weapons,

As a rule, the unit commanders are the first to pass the test.

In the classroom, the level of training of the drummer can be checked: the performance of marches in accordance with Appendix 6 of the Military Regulations.

The check is carried out in a variety of ways, not according to a template, with a different alternation of drill techniques outlined in Ch. 2, 3 and 4 of the Drill Charter according to the List of drill techniques. As a rule, these are 8 - 10 tricks and actions that the inspector assigns to each serviceman. As a result of this approach to verification, the unit can verify the fulfillment of all the requirements of these chapters, taking into account the topics studied.

During the drill review (control class), the military personnel continue to be tested on their knowledge of the provisions of the Drill Regulations, and the officers, in addition, are tested on their knowledge of the training methodology.

The verification of single training is carried out according to the List of drill techniques.

The list of drill techniques, commands and actions checked for single training,