The purpose of combat training is to achieve, maintain and improve the required level of military professional training of personnel, their physical endurance, coherence of crews, crews, subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks in accordance with their purpose.
The direction of combat training is determined on the basis of the fundamental provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals (Concept) of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development and training of the Armed Forces, taking into account the trends in the development of military art. It is built on a strictly scientific basis using the experience of wars, armed conflicts and exercises, the prospects for the development of organizational forms and technical equipment of troops (forces), as well as the experience of training armies of foreign states.
The main tasks of combat training are:
Maintaining a high constant combat readiness of subunits, units and formations for the performance of combat missions (tasks for their intended purpose);
Instilling in officers, warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) solid professional knowledge and skills, developing their commanding qualities, pedagogical skills in training and educating subordinates, as well as skills in managing crews, crews, subunits, units, formations and fire in the performance of tasks and their further improvement;
Training of military personnel as part of crews, crews, units for the independent performance of their official and special duties in the course of performing combat (special) tasks and the skillful use of standard weapons and military equipment according to combat mission;
Coordination of crews, crews, units, units and formations, improvement of field, air and sea skills;
Mastering new models of weapons and military equipment, instilling in personnel knowledge and skills in carrying out maintenance and maintaining in readiness for combat use, compliance with security requirements;
Preparation of troops (forces) for participation in armed conflicts and actions as part of united (multi-agency) groupings to maintain (restor) peace and security;
Verification during training of the existing statutory provisions on the organization and conduct of combat ( tactical actions), development of new methods of combat use of troops (forces);
Coordinating the command and control bodies (headquarters) of subunits, units and formations, teaching them the ability to control troops (forces) in various conditions situation and carry out measures to ensure the survivability of command and control bodies (headquarters);
Training military personnel to strictly and accurately comply with the requirements of laws and general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
Education among the personnel of high morale and combat qualities, a sense of responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland, vigilance, discipline, diligence, military camaraderie;
The development of high psychological stability, courage and determination, physical endurance and dexterity, ingenuity, the ability to overcome the difficulties of combined arms combat, the ability to endure physical and psychological stress in difficult conditions;
Training of military personnel to comply with the norms of international humanitarian law and the rules of conduct in the conduct of war (during armed conflicts);
Ensuring the preparation of reserves;
Development of means and methods for improving the methodological systems of training and education, individual methods, taking into account the specifics of the troops (forces), the characteristics of the training of military specialists in various fields;
Further development and specification of the requirements of the principles of training and education in accordance with the ongoing changes in the life of society and its Armed Forces, taking into account the improvement of weapons and military equipment, methods of combat operations, and the need to constantly increase combat readiness.
The main requirements for combat training are:
Achieving the required result (level) of training - a clear definition by the commanders (commanders, chiefs) of the goals and objectives of combat training and ensuring the required results of training of military personnel, troops (forces) and command and control bodies (headquarters) at all stages of their training;
Consistency in the training of all categories of trainees - coordination of the training of military personnel, troops (forces) and command and control bodies (headquarters) in terms of goals, tasks, content of training, place and time of events, ensuring joint training of military branches and special troops;
Rational use of the educational material and technical base of combat training and the cost-effectiveness of carrying out combat training activities - the operation of combat training training facilities with a maximum load, their uniform loading during school year(training period), their timely maintenance and improvement, a comprehensive economic justification for the expediency and necessity of carrying out combat training activities at the facilities of the educational material and technical base;
The introduction of advanced, scientifically based training methods into the process of combat training is the active and purposeful application of new effective forms, methods and means of training, continuous improvement of the methods of combat training.
When organizing and conducting combat training events, the following principles must be strictly observed:
Compliance with the orientation of teaching the state ideology, the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation;
Ensuring the constant combat readiness of subunits, units and formations to perform combat missions for their intended purpose, regardless of the duration of their training;
To teach troops (forces) what is needed in the war;
Each commander trains his subordinates;
Visualization and maximum approximation of training to the situation of a real battle;
Systematic and consistent training (training "from simple to complex");
Scientific teaching;
Collective and individual approach to learning;
Consciousness, activity and independence of trainees;
Unity of training and military education.
The principle "from simple to complex" is one of the basic principles of combat training. Its implementation in the practice of the troops should be carried out in three directions: structural, organizational and methodological.
The structural direction involves the construction of combat training "from the soldier", i.e., the first stage of training should be his individual training. After that, the coordination of departments (crews, crews), platoons, companies (batteries, battalions, divisions), regiments, brigades and divisions is carried out sequentially. Coordination of a larger subunit should be started only after the complete coordination of the subdivisions included in it.
The organizational direction presupposes a clear separation of the functions of officials and control bodies of various levels in organizing and directing combat training.
Squad (crew, crew) commanders, platoon and company commanders are direct supervisors of combat training.
Battalion (division) commanders are the organizers of combat training.
The divisional (regimental) level of command is also entrusted with methodological guidance and comprehensive support for combat training. In addition, the divisional link is the main controlling link. At the same time, the company is the center of combat training.
The methodical direction of combat training means the consistent formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in the trainees.
At the same time, knowledge is transferred (reported) in the form of lectures, conversations, stories, film and video films, demonstrations of the practical actions of the troops.
Skills are formed in the course of simulators, training, shooting, driving exercises.
Skills are formed mainly in those forms of education where the main method is practical work. This primarily applies to tactical and tactical-special exercises.
Thus, the story, demonstration, training, exercise, practical work are the methodological paradigm for the implementation of the principle "from simple to complex".
A high level of combat training is achieved:
Knowledge by commanders (chiefs) of the real state of training of troops (forces), timely and specific setting of tasks, high-quality and purposeful planning of combat training activities, continuous, flexible and operational management of combat training, personal participation of commanders (commanders, chiefs) in planning combat training activities and training of subordinates;
Strict implementation of the daily routine, plans and schedules of classes, the exclusion of disruptions and transfers of classes, separation of personnel from combat training;
Timely preparation and comprehensive provision of classes, the right choice forms and methods of teaching, using the recommendations of military pedagogy and psychology;
Applied nature and practical orientation of military personnel training;
Effective use of the educational material and technical base, its development, improvement and maintenance in good condition;
Skillful organization and conduct of methodological work in military units, on ships and formations, constant search for new forms and methods of training military personnel, improvement of the methodological skills of class leaders, generalization and dissemination of advanced experience in training military personnel;
Purposeful and continuous educational work and skillful organization of competition during classes;
Constant monitoring of the course of training of troops (forces) and the effective work of military command and control bodies (headquarters) to provide assistance to subordinates;
Analysis of the results achieved and summing up with each category of trainees;
Comprehensive logistical support for combat training, the full bringing of the established norms of allowances to servicemen.
Combat training includes:
Single (individual) training of military personnel;
Preparation (coordination) of units (military formations), units and formations;
Preparation (coordination) of governing bodies (headquarters).
In formations and military units of the Strategic Missile Forces, military air defense on combat duty, combat training, in addition, includes training of personnel for independent work on equipment, combat duty (duty) as part of shifts and crews.
Single training - training of sergeants (foremen), soldiers (sailors, students) after their arrival in the unit (training unit).
The purpose of individual training is to give military personnel knowledge, instill skills and abilities (to master military registration specialties) necessary to perform duties in combat, when handling weapons, military equipment and performing daily duties.
Single training of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors, students), including those undergoing military service under the contract and female military personnel, includes:
Initial (combined arms) training of military personnel, including those who entered the military service under a contract for the positions of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors);
Acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities for the position held (military registration specialty);
The study of the basics of training and education of personnel, the development of commanding qualities among sergeants (foremen);
Admission of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors) to independent work on equipment, combat duty (duty) as part of crew shifts;
Preparation and delivery of tests for the assignment (confirmation) of class qualifications, the development of an adjacent specialty;
Preparation for actions as part of shifts on duty, crews, teams, units (military formations).
Individual training - maintenance and improvement in the course of coordinating crews, crews, units (military formations) of knowledge, skills, professional skills and qualities of officers, warrant officers (midshipmen), sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors) necessary for them to perform official and special duties in line with the position.
The purpose of individual training of military personnel is the complete and high-quality development of training programs, official and special duties for their positions, and the achievement of the highest qualification.
Individual training is carried out:
Officers, warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) - in the system of command training, during scheduled classes and training in armament (weapons), on military and special equipment, simulators and other objects of the educational material and technical base;
Soldier (sailors) - in the course of planned classes and training in subjects of study in the amount of general military training and military training.
Training of crews, crews, subunits (military formations), military units and formations is carried out in order to ensure their constant readiness for combat operations in any situation, according to their combat mission.
The training of crews, crews, subunits (military formations), military units and formations is carried out in the course of their successive coordination (combat coordination) in conditions as close as possible to combat.
Coordination is the training of military personnel in coordinated actions as part of duty shifts, crews, crews, teams, units (military formations) with subsequent training as part of a military unit and formation to perform combat (special) tasks for their intended purpose.
The training of command and control bodies (headquarters) is carried out in order to ensure their readiness for planning combat operations, training troops (forces) and managing them in any situation, as well as resolving issues of interaction and comprehensive support.
Training of command and control bodies (headquarters) includes:
Individual training of officers and warrant officers (midshipmen) of the control body (headquarters);
Training of support units of the control body (headquarters);
Coordination of combat control groups and the control body (headquarters) as a whole.
The combat training system is a set of interrelated elements that form a certain integrity and unity, functioning in the interests of training and military education of military personnel, coordinating command and control bodies and troops (forces) for conducting combat operations or performing other tasks in accordance with their purpose.
The elements of the combat training system are:
Central bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which determine the goals, tasks, structure and main content of combat training;
Military command and control bodies (types, branches of troops, military districts, formations, formations) directly managing combat training, carrying out its activities and its comprehensive support;
Crews, crews, subdivisions, units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) with which training is conducted;
Organization of training;
Subjects of training, i.e., a set of tasks, techniques, standards, the implementation of which is trained by military personnel, subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
Forms and methods of training military personnel, coordination of subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
Educational material and technical base of combat training;
Material, rear, financial, technical support combat training activities.
All elements of the combat training system are interconnected and organically interact with other training and support systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The most important condition for the effectiveness of the functioning of the combat training system is the skillful and competent application of the forms and methods of training various categories of military personnel, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of military collectives.
The organization of combat training is a purposeful activity of commanders (commanders, chiefs) and command and control bodies (headquarters), aimed at building the process of training subordinate troops (forces) and their command bodies, as well as preparing combat training measures.
Combat training in the RF Armed Forces is organized on the basis of the following requirements:
Laws of the Russian Federation;
Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation concerning issues of military development and the functioning of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
Decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, defining (clarifying) certain issues of the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
Orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation concerning the issues of training the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the fulfillment of tasks by them for their intended purpose;
General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
Combat regulations and instructions;
Other official documents (organizational and methodological guidelines for the training of troops (forces) in the academic year, regulations, manuals, instructions, programs and training courses for various categories of military personnel, units), which determine the tasks for combat training and requirements for it, organization and content combat training, as well as issues of its comprehensive support;
Orders on combat training of commanders-in-chief of types (branches) of troops, commanders of troops of military districts (fleets), commanders (commanders) of formations (formations, units);
Orders and instructions for conducting inspections, final checks and control classes;
Collection of standards for combat training.
The head of combat training is the commander (commander). Combat training is directed by commanders (chiefs) of all levels personally, through subordinate headquarters (services) and combat training bodies.
Combat training bodies are:
In the Ministry of Defense - the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
In the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, branches of service, main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense - departments (departments, groups);
In military districts (navies, air force and air defense districts) - directorates;
In armies (flotillas), corps (squadrons, naval bases) - departments;
In the compounds - departments.
The organization of combat training includes:
Making a decision on the organization of combat training;
Combat training planning;
Coordination of the developed documents and their submission for approval;
Setting goals and bringing the necessary planning documents (or extracts from them) to subordinates;
Control over the organization and course of combat training, evaluation of its results, promotion of advanced experience in troop training;
Leadership organization.
Combat training in a unit (subunit) is carried out within certain periods of training: the academic year, the period of training (winter and summer), the stages of combat coordination, the timing of entering the training ground, the duration of the training day. Combat training is carried out in a certain sequence: improving the initial military training of young people arriving in the army, training young soldiers, training a squad (crew), platoon, company, battalion. In the course of this entire process, individual training of servicemen undergoing military service under the contract and combat coordination of units are carried out.
The improvement of the initial military training of a young soldier is carried out from the day of his arrival in the unit and until the beginning of the training period. At this time, an in-depth medical examination is carried out, vaccinations are made; issuance of uniforms, shoes and their adjustment; the daily routine of the unit, the general duties of military personnel, the military oath and a number of laws are studied; classes are organized on drill and physical training, charters, public-state training and other issues. The program provides for 12 training days (72 hours) to improve basic military training. The duration of the school day is 6 hours.
The training of young soldiers entering directly into units is carried out with the beginning of the school year or training period (from December 1 and June 1), and, if necessary, as replenishment and recruitment of platoons arrive.
Training of young soldiers is carried out as part of consolidated units on a unit scale for 23 training days. During this period, all military personnel are engaged in the program of a motorized rifle soldier and complete their training by performing initial exercise from a machine gun and then take the military oath.
As a result of the training, by the time of departure to the unit, according to their official assignment, young soldiers should be able to: act tactically competently in combined arms combat, hit stationary and emerging targets from a machine gun from a place, use means of protection and the protective properties of the terrain and structures, perform the duties of a company orderly , and marching techniques without weapons and with weapons on the move and in place.
The unit commander is allowed to specify the duration and content of the training of young soldiers, based on the timing of their arrival.
The training of personnel and coordination of subunits is organized in accordance with the combat training program.
The combat training program was developed for an academic year lasting 10 months with two training periods - winter and summer - 5 months each and with two preparatory periods(May and November). On combat training stands out:
For full-strength units with a staffing of 50% or more of the peacetime staff - 16 training days per month;
For reduced and full strength units with staffing less than 50% of the peacetime staff - 8 training days per month.
The remaining days of the month are used for service in daily duty, maintenance of weapons and equipment, park and economic (park) days, work to restore the educational and material base, as well as weekends and holidays.
The duration of the school day is 6 hours, the school hour is 50 minutes. When conducting battalion field trips, trips to training grounds and other activities related to going out into the field (exercises, shooting, driving), the duration of the training day is not regulated.
Training of personnel and coordination of units from the squad (crew) to the battalion is carried out during:
- 10 months - for units staffed only by military personnel under the contract, or mixed recruitment (under the contract and conscription), provided that the unit is staffed by military personnel under the contract by 50% or more, while 1.5 months are allotted for coordinating the squad (crew), platoon - 2 months, companies - 3.5 months, battalions - 2 months;
- 5 months - for units staffed only with conscripts, or mixed recruitment, provided that the unit is staffed with conscripts by more than 50%, while 1 month is allotted for coordinating the squad (crew), 1 month for the platoon, 1 company, 5 months, battalion - 1 month.
In reduced strength units, as well as in full strength units with a staffing of less than 50% of the peacetime staff, improvement of individual training and coordination of the squad (crew) and platoon are carried out every 5 months.
At the beginning of each training period, joint actions of all personnel in full-time combat alert units are practiced. In the future, training in such actions is carried out throughout the academic year according to the plan of the unit commander.
During the preparation of units, their coordination is carried out, the basis of which is field training - tactical and fire training, driving combat vehicles.
Combat training of subunits of units of full and reduced strength is organized and carried out in the form of a battalion going to training grounds (classes in the field training base) to work out the issues of field training, actions in armament and on equipment with the obligatory development of the prescribed standards and classes on the basis of companies.
Exits to the range are planned monthly, sequentially for each battalion. A tank battalion of a motorized rifle regiment (a motorized rifle battalion of a tank regiment) leaves simultaneously with one of the motorized rifle (tank) battalions. If the unit is stationed near the training ground, then the battalion is engaged in a field training base according to the plan for entering the training ground, being located at the point of permanent deployment. When entering the training ground, the personnel of the battalion are exempted from carrying out guard, internal services and performing chores in the unit.
There are options for going to the landfill lasting 3-4 days. In all cases, the number of exits for subunits, their duration is determined by the unit commander, based on the conditions and capabilities of the training ground for organizing combat training.
All classes are organized on a company (battalion) scale, officers of the battalion administration, regiment headquarters, heads of military branches and services are involved in their conduct.
When training personnel, the prescribed standards are necessarily worked out, the quality of which determines the level of training of personnel and units. The number and numbers of standards being worked out are determined by the company commander when drawing up the schedule of classes for the week. During the academic year, all the standards established by the training program must be worked out.
In order to train personnel for operations at night, at least 30% of all field exercises should be conducted at night.
In addition, in units of the full strength, in order to coordinate subunits before the first battalion or regimental (brigade) tactical exercises, a battalion field trip lasting 5-6 days is planned, during which tactical drill (tactical) exercises, shooting, driving and targeted training are carried out units, taking into account the content of the topic of the upcoming tactical exercise. The battalion units go to the field exit in in full force on full-time military equipment with the involvement of attached and supporting units.
Training and coordination of subunits are carried out based on the ultimate goal of performing a combat mission as part of a subunit. For high-quality training of military personnel in actions in modern combat, classes and exercises should be carried out without concessions and simplifications.
All personnel of the unit must be present at training sessions and exercises. With soldiers and sergeants released from field training due to illness, classes are organized in the classroom by the decision of the company commander.
In order to consolidate and maintain at the proper level, as well as to restore the lost and improve the accumulated knowledge, skills and abilities in the specialty, bringing them to automatism, individual training sessions are held with contract servicemen.
Individual training is carried out through targeted classes and training. 1-2 training days per month are allotted for it, which are not related to activities that require actions as part of the unit, battalion field exits, putting equipment into storage and other activities. If necessary, by the decision of the regiment commander, individual training can be carried out outside training hours.
In total, 120 hours are allotted for individual training, of which 84 hours according to the program and 36 hours according to the plan of the subunit (unit) commander.
For individual training classes, study groups are created in the specialty (subjects of study) and leaders of the classes are appointed, an educational and material base (including training equipment), military equipment and ammunition are allocated within the limits of the issued norms. Classes should be practical in nature and carried out mainly by the method of training, group exercises and practical work.
Control over the course of combat training includes checking the fulfillment of the plan and program, the coverage of personnel by training, checking the organization and methods of conducting classes and exercises, the level of training of personnel and the coordination of units, as well as the training of training leaders.
In order to increase the responsibility of officers for the quality of training of trainees, as well as to check the degree of fulfillment of combat training tasks, control exercises are periodically held. They can be carried out both on the entire content of the worked out topic or lesson, and on individual issues. Control classes, as a rule, are combined with planned classes of units. In addition, they are held at the end of the coordination periods. Control exercises are carried out: with a platoon - the company commander, with the company - the battalion commander. Shortcomings revealed in the course of control in individual servicemen must be eliminated in the course of independent training.
The transfer of equipment and weapons in the troops to the seasonal operation mode is carried out in May-June and October, for which up to 10 working (training) days are allocated during the training period. Depending on the climatic conditions and the tasks to be performed, priority work on the transfer to the summer mode of operation may also be carried out in April during park and park maintenance days.
Combat training planning consists in the collective work of commanders (chiefs) and staffs to determine and coordinate combat training activities at the place and time and to ensure its comprehensive support, with a graphical display of the most optimal system for sequential training of personnel, coordination of troops, command and control agencies, for the conduct of hostilities in various conditions of the situation, the study of standard weapons, military and special equipment, methods of using them in combat.
The basis for planning combat training is the decision to organize combat training. Planning should be real, simple, visual and provide: A complex approach to solve combat training tasks; maximum use of educational and training facilities and high intensification of classes; using the experience of wars and armed conflicts, the achievements of domestic science and technology, best practices in organizing and conducting classes and exercises.
Planning documents should be user-friendly everyday use as a working paper. When developing plans, all activities are mutually linked and coordinated with each other, their uniform implementation is envisaged throughout the entire academic year. The number of planned events and exercises, as well as their sequence, should be based on the level of training of the troops and the actual availability of time.
In a formation (military unit), planning begins upon receipt of the combat training guidance documents within the time limits established by the commander (commander, chief), and must be completed no later than November 10 (15), respectively.
Plans for the preparation of formations, military units, divisions and military commissariats are approved:
Military units, military commissariats of districts (cities without district division) and their equals - until November 15;
Class schedules in companies (batteries) are approved and communicated to personnel by November 25.
In a division (brigade, regiment) and their peers, on the basis of the order of the commander (commander) "On the results of the training of troops (forces) in the year 0000 and tasks for the year 0000" and the training plan for the military command and control bodies and troops (forces) of the association for the academic year ( division training plan) are being developed:
Preparation plan;
Order "On the organization of combat training, internal and guard services for the year 0000 (training period)";
Plan-calendar of the main events for the month;
Consolidated schedule of classes for a month (for a week);
Schedule of classes for commander training with training groups of officers, ensigns (midshipmen).
The plan for preparing a unit (military unit) should include the following sections:
I. Combat and mobilization readiness:
II. Mobilization and combat training
1. Mobilization preparation:
According to the plan of the senior chief;
According to the plan of the commander of the formation (military unit).
2. Combat training:
According to the plan of the senior chief;
According to the plan of the unit commander (military unit):
Training of personnel;
Training of governing bodies;
Preparation of units (subdivisions).
III. Events Everyday life and activities.
1. Ensuring combat duty.
2. Measures to guide the preparation.
3. Activities to ensure training.
4. Work in military units and divisions.
5. Work with personnel.
6. Restoration and repair of weapons and military equipment.
7. Capital construction, repair and redeployment of military units and divisions.
8. Other activities.
IV. Procedure and terms of reporting.
Applications are being developed for the plan:
The list of topics, their content, the distribution of reinforcements and the consumption of motor resources for tactical (tactical-special), command and staff exercises and training;
Schedule for the allocation of training facilities for training activities;
List and terms of holding competitions, contests, reviews-competitions;
Calculation of the allocation of motor resources and ammunition for training;
Plan of inspections of military units, departments and connection services.
Applications are being developed for the preparation plan of the regiment (separate part):
The composition of training groups and the calculation of hours for command training of officers and ensigns;
Calculation of hours for independent training of officers and ensigns;
The list of topics, their content, the distribution of amplification means and the consumption of motor resources for tactical (tactical-special) exercises and training;
The list of gatherings of specialists and the timing of their holding;
List and terms of competitions, reviews-competitions;
List and timing sports events;
Calculation of the allocation of motor resources for training;
Calculation of the allocation of ammunition for training;
Calculation of the provision of measures for the preparation of fuel and lubricants.
The direct organizer of combat training in the company is the company commander, who, according to the charter of the internal service, is obliged to:
Organize combat training in the company, draw up a weekly schedule of classes, conduct classes with officers, ensigns and sergeants, as well as with company personnel;
Test the knowledge and practical skills of soldiers, sergeants and officers;
Weekly summarize the state of combat training;
Check the preparation of weapons and military equipment of the company before each exit to exercises or classes, as well as their availability upon returning from exercises or classes;
Take measures to prevent disasters, accidents and breakdowns of weapons and military equipment, ensure that personnel comply with safety requirements during training, firing, exercises and work.
In each part, the time is set at which platoon and company teams check the readiness of commanders subordinate to them for classes, conduct briefings with sergeants, give instructions on the methodology and procedure for conducting upcoming classes, the use of training equipment and teaching aids, recommendations on organizing the competition, and establish safety requirements. and approve training plans.
Then these commanders report to senior commanders on the readiness of leaders and subunits for classes on the next day.
The platoon commander personally trains and educates subordinates. He is obliged:
Conduct combat training sessions with platoon personnel and monitor right training soldiers as squad leaders;
Check the preparation of weapons and military equipment for the exit to each exercise or lesson, as well as their availability and condition upon returning from the exercise or lesson;
Ensure compliance with safety requirements in the classroom, shooting, exercises and when working with weapons and military equipment;
Keep a record of the combat training of the platoon.
He is given the right to set the duration of working out educational issues during classes.
The basis for planning in the battalion and company is the decision of the unit commander to organize combat training. To accomplish this, the following principles must be observed: the organic unity of training and education of personnel, methodological consistency in training; ensuring constant combat and mobilization readiness, field training and subordination of all subjects of training to tactical (tactical-special) training; maximum approximation of combat training to the real situation; consistency in the training of personnel in terms of tasks, subjects, terms of training with the activities that determine the daily activities of units; reality and efficiency of planning; skillful and effective use of study time and educational material and technical base. Compliance with these principles makes it possible to develop well-thought-out plans that contribute to the qualitative solution of combat training issues.
When planning combat training, the following are developed:
In the battalion - a combat training plan for the period of training with a thematic calculation of hours;
In the company - the schedule of classes for the week.
The battalion combat training plan for the period of training consists, as a rule, of sections: training of officers, ensigns and sergeants; training units; measures to guide the training, education and strengthening of military discipline. In addition, the battalions develop a general calculation of hours of training time for a month and a weekly calculation of hours for subjects of study, determine the topics of classes, the number of hours for each of them, practiced shooting exercises, driving and standards for combat training for all specialties. The specific content of each section of the combat training plan depends on the conditions under which combat training will be organized and conducted.
In addition to the plan for the period of training, the battalion develops a plan-calendar of the main events for the month, in which additional events are determined. The content of the plans and annexes to them is set out in the Information Bulletin on the Exchange of Experience in Combat Training of the Ground Forces No. 1 for 1989, and versions of these documents are presented.
The main planning document in the company is the schedule of classes for the week. As a rule, on Thursday of the current week, under the guidance of the battalion commander, company commanders personally draw up this schedule.
The battalion commander at the set time gives instructions on planning combat training for the next week. To receive the task, the commanders of companies and individual platoons arrive with combat training programs, workbooks and blank forms of class schedules. The battalion commander sums up the results of combat training, points out the positive aspects and shortcomings, notes those who distinguished themselves and lagged behind over the past week. Then he sets tasks for the main subjects of training for the next week, indicating with which categories of officers, ensigns and sergeants and on what days and hours command classes and test firing will be held.
Unit commanders, based on the instructions of the battalion commander and the calculation of hours for the subjects of training for the week, draw up a schedule of classes.
In addition, the initial data for scheduling classes are:
An extract from the battalion's combat training plan for the coming week (the topics of classes, the timing of their development and time);
Extract from the schedule for the allocation of objects of educational and material base to units;
Schedule of service in the garrison and internal outfit;
Schedule of options for physical exercise.
In addition, the company commander takes into account the topics, timing and procedure for conducting classes by senior commanders with personnel.
In preparing for the scheduling of classes, the company commander must:
Examine an extract from the battalion combat training plan for a given week;
To study the content of the topics worked out under the program of combat training of units;
To analyze the degree of assimilation by the personnel of the material covered in each subject of training, as well as the quality of the development of standards for combat training;
Provide for the integration of training subjects, especially tactical and fire training, driving, as well as the incidental use of training facilities.
Write out the topics of commander's classes and determine the content of instructor-methodical lessons with company sergeants. Together with the deputy company commander for educational work (if he is available in the state), determine measures for educational and mass sports work, taking into account the tasks carried out by senior commanders.
Subsequently, the company commander fills out the columns of the company schedule in the form.
The columns indicate:
The specific time of the lesson;
Position of the head;
Means of material support allocated for classes;
Manuals and manuals indicating articles or pages.
In accordance with the daily routine, it is planned to take care of military equipment and weapons, where specific activities are indicated.
Self-training in the schedule is determined only by time, since its content is determined by platoon commanders.
Classes in the section "Commander, instructor-methodical exercises with sergeants" should precede the corresponding exercises with units. It is important to take into account that the training of sergeants is planned at a time when they are free from classes as part of departments or do not act as class leaders, i.e. when other officials can conduct classes with personnel.
When planning, the company commander must be creative, taking into account the requirements for field training, the level of training of personnel and the local conditions in which training is conducted. There can be no template in the activities of a company commander when drawing up a schedule. The sequence of his work in this matter may be different. It depends on his work experience, knowledge of his subordinates and other factors.
The schedule of classes is approved by the battalion commander no later than Friday of each week. Before its approval, the company commander presents it to the chief of staff, who checks the correctness of the planning of all classes and other activities. It determines the completeness of inclusion in the schedule of all topics, the number of hours for their development, indicating leaders and training places. On Friday, company schedules are posted in a conspicuous place so that all personnel can familiarize themselves with them. Worked schedules are stored throughout the academic year as a reporting document for the implementation of the combat training program.
Each unit commander keeps records of the results of combat training, in a platoon - individually and for squads; in a company - for squads (crews), platoons and company sergeants; at the battalion headquarters - for companies, separate units and officers of the battalion. Accounting should be objective, high-quality, timely and regular.
The main document for accounting for combat training in a company is the journal for recording the company's combat training for the academic year. It is conducted personally by the company commander and kept in the company office for a year.
The logbook of combat training of the company consists of ten sections:
1. Logging rules.
2. Accounting for worked out topics in subjects of study. A certain number of pages are allocated for each subject, records are kept weekly for each platoon and for the company as a whole.
3. Accounting for results firing practice. Accounting is kept for each platoon, depending on the category, on the type of weapon, the number of the exercise performed, and for the company as a whole.
4. Accounting for the results of driving combat vehicles. The account is similar.
5. Accounting for the experience of practical driving cars (tanks). Accounting is kept on an individual basis for each serviceman and for all driving lessons on an accrual basis. This section also takes into account various hauls of equipment, as well as driving during exercises and in other classes.
6. Accounting for excellent students in combat training. In this section, the names of military personnel are recorded - excellent students of combat training, noted in the order in parts.
7. Accounting for class specialists and the prospect of their training during the period of study. Records are kept for each serviceman who has a class rating or plans to have it by the end of the academic year.
8. Accounting for the delivery of standards military sports complex. Accounting is kept for each serviceman, in the numerator - the result shown, in the denominator - the date of delivery, and before the fraction - the uniform: "C" - sports, "B" - military.
9. Accounting for commander's and instructor-methodical exercises with sergeants. A certain number of pages are allocated for each subject, records are kept individually for each sergeant.
10. Comments and instructions from senior commanders. After checking the lessons in the company, the inspector in this section writes down comments and recommendations on the checked lessons.
The main accounting document reflecting the course of combat training in a platoon is also a register of combat training of a platoon for the period of training. It is conducted in all classes personally by the platoon commander (and in his absence - by the deputy platoon commander) and is kept in the company office.
The platoon combat training register consists of six sections:
1. Logging rules.
2. Nominal list of personnel. It is compiled in accordance with the staffing of the platoon and includes personal data for each serviceman necessary for the commander to conduct an individual educational work.
3. Accounting for class attendance, academic performance and worked out topics (standards) in the subjects of study. For each subject of study, the number of sheets necessary to enter into it all the classes (exercises, shooting, training) in this subject is allotted. The same section takes into account the fulfillment of standards and the time of work of each serviceman on equipment. On the left, a platoon list is glued, indicating the position, military rank, surname and initials. For each lesson, the leader gives individual marks to all the interviewed (verified) servicemen, and at the end of the topic, each soldier (sergeant) displays the final mark on the topic passed. The final grades are entered in the next free column, and the grade for each squad (crew) and for the entire platoon is determined from them.
4. Accounting for the results of performing shooting exercises. This section takes into account marks both for all shooting and for work in training places during exercises and in fire training.
5. Accounting for the results of performing exercises in driving cars. This section takes into account marks for all exercises performed in general and separately in terms of speed and driving technique and other data necessary to analyze the quality of trainee training in this exercise.
6. Remarks of senior bosses. After checking the lessons in the platoon, the inspector in this section writes down comments and recommendations on the checked lessons.
Combat training registers are systematically checked by senior commanders and are obligatory when checking (inspecting) a subunit (unit).
The civil defense troops are one of the components of the civil defense forces. Civil defense troops mainly consist of rescue centers, separate rescue brigades, separate mechanized regiments and battalions.
The main structural unit capable of independently fulfilling the tasks assigned to it are rescue centers and separate civil defense rescue brigades. In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 3, 1996 No. 924, the forces of constant readiness of the civil defense troops are consolidated mobile detachments, which are created in 34 formations and military units. They are fully equipped and ready to perform tasks as intended.
Officers for the civil defense troops undergo professional training in educational institutions of military vocational education of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Ministry of Defense of Russia in the manner considered in the first training issue.
Enlisted and non-commissioned servicemen who entered military service by conscription and under a contract are trained in training units (training brigade 239 and communications training battalion) and in the system of combat training of civil defense troops.
Improving the professional skills of officers of the civil defense troops is carried out:
platoon commanders, upon arrival from educational institutions (Academy of Civil Protection and Military Institutes of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) - in the regional centers for civil defense, emergencies and disaster relief for one month, then - annually at weekly training camps before the start of a new academic year, in the system of command training and independently;
company commanders - in the regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters annually at weekly training camps before the start of the new academic year, in the system of command training and independently;
commanders of battalions, detachments and their deputies - in the regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters annually at weekly training camps before the start of the new academic year, in the system of command training and independently;
heads of rescue centers, commanders of brigades, regiments and their deputies - at the training camp of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, three day training camps in regional centers for civil defense, emergencies and disaster management annually, in the system of commander training and independently;
military personnel who arrived in the EMERCOM of Russia system for military service under a contract from other ministries and departments where the law provides for military service - in regional centers for civil defense, emergencies and disaster management at monthly training camps with subsequent referral to the Academy of Civil protection.
In addition to this, the increase professional level and methodological mastery of officers, warrant officers and sergeants is carried out in the system of command training, which is planned and carried out in accordance with the programs published in 1996.
The main tasks of commander training are:
training of all officials in the methodology of preparing and conducting classes, drills, firing, exercises and other activities of the daily activities of the civil defense troops;
officer training good governance subordinate subdivisions, military units and formations (centers) when carrying out rescue and other urgent work, in various conditions in emergency situations, the ability to make the most of the capabilities of the forces and means of search and rescue services involved in performing tasks and other federal executive bodies;
Ensuring that warrant officers firmly master the basics of conducting and comprehensively providing rescue and other urgent work, the capabilities of their units in carrying out tasks to ensure the actions of units, military units and formations;
training sergeants in the basics of using units, techniques and methods of action when performing tasks for their intended purpose, their knowledge of the material part of the standard equipment in service, as well as the ability to use it for its intended purpose.
For all groups of command training of officers in the command (headquarters) of the formation, a single concept of a complex tactical-special task (KTSZ) is developed on the map, and on the basis of it - a plan of KTSZ for each group of command training of officers. I note that this fully applies to the organization of command training for officers and ensigns of the administrative bodies for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations within or under the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Commander training sessions are scheduled and held monthly on Wednesday and Thursday:
· 1 week of the month - with the management of the rescue center, brigade, regiment, separate battalion, as well as - with sergeants;
· 2nd week of the month - with battalion commanders and their deputies;
3rd week of the month - with commanders of companies and individual platoons;
· 4th week of the month - with platoon commanders, ensigns and female military personnel.
The daily routine for officers and warrant officers should provide up to four hours a week for self-training and four hours a week (during working hours) for physical training.
Combat training of the civil defense troops.
When organizing combat and command training, civil defense troops are guided by regulatory documents issued by the President of the Russian Federation, the Russian Emergencies Ministry, as well as the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as the annual Organizational and Methodological Guidelines for the training of command and control bodies, civil defense forces and a unified state warning system and liquidation of emergency situations.
Combat training of civil defense troops is planned in accordance with the programs approved by the orders of the Russian Emergencies Ministry dated September 23, 1996 No. 629 ""On the introduction of the Combat Training Program for training formations and units of the Civil Defense Forces of the Russian Federation"", dated September 23, 1996 No. 633 ""On the introduction of the Combat Training Program for formations and units of the Civil Defense Forces of the Russian Federation"", dated December 31, 1998, No. 756 "On the approval and implementation of the Provisional Regulation on the training and material base of the civil defense troops, the list of basic training classes and norms training weapons, equipment and equipment for training classes of formations and military units of civil defense ”and the directive of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 29.04.1999. No. D-04 “On the organization of coordination of administrative bodies, formations and military units of civil defense in a regular wartime organization” and is aimed at ensuring readiness for rescue and other urgent work in peacetime emergencies, achieving high professional training of military personnel of all categories , implementation of measures to increase the readiness of troops to perform tasks for their intended purpose in wartime.
The academic year in the civil defense troops begins on December 1 and is divided into winter and summer training periods.
The readiness of departments (headquarters) of subunits, units and formations of civil defense troops to perform tasks is worked out and checked in the course of special tactical training. Within the framework of this discipline, command and staff training and exercises, tactical drills and training, as well as special tactical exercises are planned and conducted.
In formations and military units, civil defense is planned to be held once a year:
· command and staff (KShU) on the ground lasting up to 4 days and one KShU on the maps, lasting up to 2 days, when there is no special tactical exercise with formations and military units;
Conduct command and staff mobilization exercises as regional ones (several formations, military units of the civil defense troops and management bodies for civil defense affairs under the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved).
Tactical-special exercises (TSU) are held:
With formations (rescue centers), regiments, separate battalions - once every three years;
with battalions (detachments) that are part of formations (rescue centers) and units - once a year;
With companies - once a year, during the period when the battalion TSU is not carried out, in front of the battalion TSU with companies, the TSS is carried out on the materiel.
The subjects of exercises and trainings are determined taking into account the operational mission of formations and military units.
During the exercises, a situation is created that is as close as possible to the real one, issues of managing formations, military units (subdivisions) are worked out in the course of emergency rescue and other urgent work, including at night.
To work out the issues of interaction, the relevant operational groups of command and control bodies specially authorized to solve civil defense tasks, tasks for the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations, search and rescue units and other forces of the RSChS are involved in the exercises.
Ensuring control over the course of combat training, constant knowledge of the true state of affairs in all subordinate military units and subunits in combat training, the state of military discipline and other issues is a necessary condition for successfully solving the problems of raising the level and effectiveness of combat training. An analysis of the state of training of troops with the issuance of orders is carried out: in a military unit - monthly, in a formation - quarterly, in regional centers - for half a year and a year.
In order to check the state of combat readiness, to carry out sudden rises of formations, military units (subdivisions) of civil defense troops and their consolidated mobile detachments on a training alert.
We see your task to improve the training of search and rescue formations and civil defense troops in:
continuous improvement educational process, improving its quality, developing the educational and material base and the efficiency of its use;
· organizing the study and implementation of advanced experience of the best search and rescue formations, formations and military units in organizing the training of rescuers, officers, warrant officers, sergeants and privates;
· ensuring constant control over the state of training of all categories of rescuers and military personnel and the provision of effective assistance to the leaders of search and rescue units, commanders of formations and military units in its organization;
Checking the quality of the implementation of curricula and programs, the level of training of rescuers and military personnel of the civil defense troops by conducting planned (at least once a year) and sudden checks by integrated groups, as well as during training camps, exercises and competitions.
one of the main types of training of the Armed Forces, which is a complex of planned, organized and systematically conducted activities for military training and education of personal. composition, coordination (combat coordination) subsection, parts, conn. and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat missions and ensure combat operations in accordance with their intended purpose. In units and units on combat duty, B.p. in addition, it includes the training of personal. composition to independent. work on equipment, combat duty (duty) as part of shifts and crews.
B.p., as a type of training of the Armed Forces, is the main content of the daily activities of the troops (forces). B.p. organized and carried out constantly, both in peacetime and in wartime.
The purpose of B.p. is to ensure the constant readiness of troops and command and control bodies, coherence (combat coherence) of crews, calculations, subdivisions, units, connections. and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks in accordance with their purpose.
Orientation B.p. is determined based on the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals (Concept) of the state. the policy of the Russian Federation on the construction and training of the Armed Forces, taking into account the trends in the development of military art. It is built on a scientific basis using its latest achievements, general and military psychology and pedagogy, the experience of wars, weapons. conflicts and conducted exercises, development prospects org. forms and tech. equipping troops (forces), as well as the experience of training foreign armies. state-in.
B.p. includes: single (individual) training of servicemen; preparation (coordination) subsection. (military formations), units and units; preparation (coordination) of control bodies (headquarters).
B.p. system includes the main elements: center. bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation that determine the goals, objectives, structure and basic. content of B.p.; military command and control bodies directly exercising control over the B.P., carrying out its activities and providing comprehensive support; crews, calculations, subdivisions, parts, conn. and their governing bodies (headquarters), with which training is conducted; educational material and technical. base B.p.
The main principles of B.p. are: to teach what is necessary in war; ensuring constant combat readiness; scientific nature of education; consciousness and activity of trainees; visualization of training, its maximum approximation to the situation of a real battle; systematic and consistent training; the strength of the assimilation of knowledge, the development of skills, practical. skills and their continuous improvement; collective and individual approach to learning; unity of training and military education.
During B.p. exercises, various forms of training, combat firing, training, and other forms of training are conducted. B.p. is carried out in accordance with the requirements of charters, instructions, B.P. programs, instructions, guidelines, orders and directives of the command.
Tasks for B.p. in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are placed in orders min. defense. Commanders-in-Chief. types (arms) of the Armed Forces, teams. (heads) by the branches of the armed forces (special troops) organize their implementation through the headquarters and bodies of the B.P. In the military districts (navies), in the conn. and parts of planning B.p. and its management is carried out by teams. (com-ry), chiefs of military branches and special. troops. Com-ry conn. and parts organize B.p. and personally conduct command, demonstration, control exercises with officers and exercises with units (subdivisions). Chiefs of the military branches (services) conn. and units are led by the B.P. subordinate parts, subsection and conduct classes with officers of the Comm. (parts, subsection) and subsection. in their specialty. Com-ry subsection. directly organize B.p. in accordance with the plan of the unit, they conduct classes with subordinate subsections. and separate categories of military personnel. In the conn. and parts of B.p. planned for a year (in battalions, divisions - for the period of training), is specified for the period of training and for each month. In companies, batteries, a schedule of classes is drawn up for each week.
§ 2. Organization of combat training in a unit, subdivision and analysis of its results
combat training- this is one of the main types of training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which is a purposeful, organized process of military training and education of personnel, coordination (combat coordination) of subunits, military units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks in accordance with their purpose. Combat training is the main content of the daily activities of commanders, command and control bodies (headquarters) and troops. It is carried out both in peacetime and in wartime and is due to the state's needs for well-trained military personnel, subunits, units and formations capable of successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them.
The purpose of combat training is to ensure the constant combat readiness of troops, to achieve, maintain and improve the required level of military professional training of personnel, their physical endurance, coherence of crews, crews, subunits, units and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks in accordance with their purpose.
The direction of combat training is determined on the basis of the fundamental provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals (Concept) of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development and training of the Armed Forces, taking into account the trends in the development of military art. It is built on a strictly scientific basis, using the experience of wars, armed conflicts and exercises, the prospects for the development of organizational forms and technical equipment of troops, as well as the experience of training the armies of foreign states.
The main tasks of combat training are:
Maintaining a high constant combat readiness of subunits and units for the performance of combat missions (tasks for their intended purpose);
Instilling in officers, warrant officers, sergeants (foremen) solid professional knowledge and skills, developing their commanding qualities, pedagogical skills in training and educating subordinates, as well as skills in managing crews, crews, subunits, units, formations and fire in the performance of assigned tasks and their further improvement;
Training of military personnel for independent and as part of crews, crews, units to fulfill their official and special duties in the course of performing combat (special) tasks and the skillful use of standard weapons and military equipment for combat purposes;
Coordination of crews, crews, units, units and formations, improvement of their field training; mastering new models of weapons and military equipment, instilling in personnel knowledge and skills in carrying out their maintenance and maintaining them in readiness for combat use, fulfilling security requirements;
Preparation of units and subunits for participation in armed conflicts and actions as part of united (multi-agency) groupings to maintain (restor) peace and security;
Checking in the course of training the existing statutory provisions on the organization and conduct of combat, the development of new methods of combat use of troops;
Coordinating the command and control bodies (headquarters) of subunits and units, teaching them the ability to control troops in various conditions of the situation and carry out measures that ensure the survivability of command and control bodies (headquarters);
Training military personnel to strictly and accurately comply with the requirements of laws and general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; education among the personnel of high morale and combat qualities, a sense of responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland, vigilance, discipline, diligence, and military camaraderie;
The development of high psychological stability, courage and determination, physical endurance and dexterity, ingenuity, the ability to overcome the difficulties of combined arms combat, the ability to endure physical and psychological stress in difficult conditions;
Training of military personnel to comply with the norms of international humanitarian law and the rules of conduct in the conduct of war (during armed conflicts);
Ensuring the preparation of reserves; development of means and methods for improving the methodological systems of training and education, individual methods, taking into account the specifics of the troops, the characteristics of the training of military specialists in various fields;
Further development and specification of the content of training and education in accordance with the ongoing changes in the life of society and its Armed Forces, taking into account the improvement of weapons and military equipment, methods of combat operations, and the need to constantly increase combat readiness.
The following basic requirements are imposed on combat training:
Achieving the required result (level) of learning, i.e. clear definition by commanders (chiefs) of the goals and objectives of combat training and ensuring the required results of training of military personnel, troops and command and control bodies (headquarters) at all stages of their training;
Consistency in the preparation of all categories of trainees. It means coordinating the training of military personnel, troops and command and control bodies (headquarters) in terms of goals, tasks, content of training, place and time of events, ensuring joint training of military branches and special troops;
Rational use of the educational material and technical base of combat training and the cost-effectiveness of carrying out combat training activities, i.e. operation of combat training training facilities with a maximum load, their uniform loading during the academic year (training period), their timely maintenance and improvement, a comprehensive economic justification for the expediency and necessity of carrying out combat training activities at the facilities of the educational material and technical base;
The introduction of advanced, scientifically based training methods into the process of combat training, representing active and purposeful application of new effective forms, methods and means of training, continuous improvement of combat training methods.
When organizing and conducting combat training events, the following principles are strictly observed:
Compliance with the orientation of training and education of the state ideology, the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation;
Ensuring the constant combat readiness of subunits and units to perform combat missions for their intended purpose, regardless of the duration of their training;
To teach troops (forces) what is needed in the war;
Each commander (chief) trains his subordinates;
Visualization and maximum approximation of training to the situation of real combat operations; systematic and consistent learning, i.e. learning "from simple to complex". This principle in the practice of the troops is carried out in three directions: structural, organizational and methodological.
A. The structural direction involves the construction of combat training "from the soldier", i.e., the first stage of training should be individual training. After that, the coordination of departments (crews, crews), platoons, companies (batteries, battalions, divisions), regiments is carried out sequentially. Coordination of a larger military formation should be started only after the complete coordination of the subunits included in it.
B. The organizational direction presupposes a clear division of the functions of officials and control bodies of various levels in organizing and directing combat training. Squad (crew, crew) commanders, platoon and company commanders are direct supervisors of combat training. Battalion (division) commanders are the organizers of combat training. The regimental level of command is also entrusted with methodological guidance and comprehensive support for combat training. At the same time, the company (battery) is the center of combat training.
C. The methodological direction of combat training means the consistent formation of knowledge, skills and abilities among the trainees. At the same time, knowledge is transferred (communicated) in the form of lectures, conversations, stories, film and video films and practical actions of the troops. Skills are formed in the course of simulators, training, shooting, driving exercises. Skills are formed mainly in those forms of education where the main method is practical work. This primarily applies to tactical and tactical-special exercises and exercises. Thus, the story, demonstration, training, exercise, practical work are the methodological basis for the implementation of the principle "from simple to complex".
When organizing and conducting combat training events, the following principles are observed:
Scientific teaching;
Collective and individual approach to learning;
Consciousness, activity and independence of trainees;
Unity of training and military education.
A high level of combat training is achieved:
Knowledge by commanders (chiefs) of the real state of training of troops;
Timely and specific task setting;
High-quality and purposeful planning of combat training activities;
Continuous, flexible and operational management of combat training, personal participation of commanders (chiefs) in the planning of combat training activities and training of subordinates;
Strict implementation of the daily routine, plans and schedules of classes, the exclusion of disruptions and transfers of classes, separation of personnel from combat training;
Timely preparation and comprehensive provision of classes, the right choice of forms and methods of training, the use of recommendations from military pedagogy and psychology;
Applied nature and practical orientation of military personnel training;
Effective use of the educational material and technical base, its development, improvement and maintenance in good condition;
Skillful organization and conduct of methodological work in military units, constant search for new forms and methods of training military personnel, improvement of the methodological skills of class leaders, generalization and dissemination of advanced experience in training military personnel;
Purposeful and continuous educational work and skillful organization of competition during classes; constant control over the course of training of units and the effective work of command and control bodies (headquarters) to provide assistance to subordinates; analysis of the results achieved and timely summing up the results with each category of trainees;
Comprehensive logistical support for combat training, the full bringing of the established norms of allowances to servicemen.
Combat training includes: single (individual) training of servicemen; training (coordination) of subunits (military formations), units and formations; preparation (coordination) of control bodies (headquarters).
Single preparation- training of sergeants and soldiers after their arrival in the unit (training unit). The purpose of individual training is to give military personnel knowledge, to instill skills and abilities (to master military registration specialties) necessary to perform duties in combat, when handling weapons, military equipment and performing daily service. Single training of sergeants and soldiers, including those undergoing military service under the contract and female military personnel, includes:
Initial (combined arms) training of military personnel, including those who entered the military service under a contract for the positions of sergeants and soldiers;
Acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities for the position held (military registration specialty);
The study of the basics of training and education of personnel, the development of commanding qualities among sergeants; admission of sergeants and soldiers to independent work on equipment, combat duty (duty) as part of crew shifts;
Preparation and delivery of tests for the assignment (confirmation) of class qualifications, the development of an adjacent specialty; preparation for actions as part of duty shifts, crews, teams, units (military formations).
Individual training- maintenance and improvement in the course of coordinating crews, crews, units (military formations) of the knowledge, skills, professional skills and qualities of officers, warrant officers, sergeants and soldiers necessary for them to perform official and special duties in accordance with their position. The purpose of the individual training of military personnel is the complete and high-quality mastering of training programs, official and special duties for their position, and the achievement of the highest qualification.
Individual training is carried out:
Officers, warrant officers, sergeants - in the system of command training, in the course of scheduled classes and training in armament (weapons), on military and special equipment, simulators and other objects of the educational material and technical base;
A soldier - in the course of planned classes and training in subjects of study in the scope of general military training and training in a military specialty.
Training of crews, crews, units (military formations) and military units is carried out in order to ensure their constant readiness to conduct combat operations in any conditions of the situation in accordance with their combat mission. It is carried out in the course of their sequential coordination (combat coordination) in conditions as close as possible to combat.
Coordination is the training of military personnel in coordinated actions as part of duty shifts, crews, crews, teams, subunits (military formations) with subsequent training as part of a military unit and formation to perform combat (special) tasks for their intended purpose.
Training of governing bodies (headquarters) is carried out in order to ensure their readiness for planning combat operations, training and command of troops in any situation, as well as resolving issues of interaction and comprehensive support. This training includes: individual training of officers and ensigns of the control body (headquarters); training of support units of the command and control body (headquarters); coordinating the combat control groups and the command and control body (headquarters) as a whole.
combat training system- this is a set of interrelated elements that form a certain integrity and unity, functioning in the interests of training and military education of military personnel, coordinating command and control agencies and troops for conducting combat operations or performing other tasks in accordance with their purpose.
The elements of the combat training system are:
Central bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which determine the goals, tasks, structure and main content of combat training;
Military command and control bodies (types, branches of troops, military districts, formations, formations) directly managing combat training, carrying out its activities and its comprehensive support;
Crews, crews, subdivisions, units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) with which training is conducted;
Organization of training;
Subjects of training, i.e., a set of tasks, techniques, standards, the implementation of which is trained by military personnel, subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
Forms and methods of training military personnel, coordination of subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
Educational material and technical base of combat training;
Material, logistic, financial, technical support for combat training activities.
All elements of the combat training system are interconnected and organically interact with other training and support systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The most important condition for the effectiveness of the functioning of the combat training system is the skillful and competent application of the forms and methods of training various categories of military personnel, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of military collectives.
The form of education is the organizational side of the educational process. It depends on the goal, the composition of the trainees and determines the structure of the lesson, the place and duration of working out training issues, the role and specifics of the activities of the leader, his assistant and trainees, the use of elements of the educational material and technical base, training and combat equipment. Forms of training are divided into general and specific.
General forms of education can be classified according to the following criteria:
a) according to the orientation of training - on theoretical and practical;
b) on the organization of trainees - on collective, group, individual;
c) at the venue - in the classroom and field;
d) at the place in the official process - for educational-planned, service-planned, out-of-service.
Educational-planned forms of education are typical for theoretical, practical and training sessions, live firing and missile launches, exercises, military games held during scheduled classes. Service-planned forms of training are implemented on park maintenance (park) days and days of routine maintenance, during scheduled safety briefings, special briefings and meetings. Out-of-service (extracurricular) - when organizing classes in technical circles, at conferences, various kinds of competitions, competitions, etc.
The main forms of education are:
Seminar;
Conversation (story-conversation);
Class-group lesson;
Self-preparation;
demonstration lesson;
Briefing (instructive lesson);
Training (exercise);
staff training;
Command and staff training;
Tactical flight;
group exercise;
Tactical drill;
Loss (situational loss) of actions;
Tactical (tactical-special) occupation;
Instructor-methodical lesson;
Comprehensive preparation;
Complex occupation;
Field exit;
Command post exercise;
Tactical (tactical-special) doctrine;
Combat training launch;
Control lesson (test lesson);
Competition (competition).
Each form of conducting classes provides for one or more teaching methods. Training methods are the methods and methods by which the transfer and assimilation of knowledge is achieved, the formation of skills and abilities, the development of high morale and combat qualities of personnel, the coordination (combat coordination) of crews, crews, subunits, military units and their controls is ensured ( headquarters).
In combat training, the following training methods are used in various combinations:
Oral presentation educational material;
Discussion of the studied material;
Display (demonstration);
Exercise;
Practical work (in the field, in parks);
Self preparation.
These teaching methods are general. They are used in the training of military personnel of all types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, military branches and special forces. The specifics of the activities and training of military personnel of various categories and specialties, subunits, units, formations, command and control bodies (headquarters) determine the use of combat training and special training methods in practice. They are interconnected with the general methods that form the basis of the corresponding methods of mastering one or another military specialty.
Each form and method of training and education correspond to different kinds classes. They depend on the subject of training, goals, educational issues, the category of trainees, educational and methodological support and material support. The choice of the form and method of training depends on the level of training of the personnel, the topic and purpose of the lesson, the availability and condition of the educational material and technical base.
Specific forms of training are associated with the specifics of the activities and training of military personnel of various categories and specialties, subunits, and determine the use of special training methods in the practice of combat training.
The organization of combat training is a purposeful activity of commanders (chiefs) and command and control bodies (headquarters) aimed at building the process of training subordinate troops and their command bodies, as well as preparing combat training measures.
Combat training is organized on the basis of the requirements:
Laws of the Russian Federation;
Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation concerning issues of military development and the functioning of the Armed Forces;
Decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, defining (clarifying) certain issues of the activities of the Armed Forces;
Orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation concerning the issues of training the Armed Forces and the fulfillment of tasks by them for their intended purpose;
General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
Combat regulations and instructions;
Organizational and methodological guidelines for the training of troops in the academic year, regulations, manuals, instructions, programs and training courses for various categories of military personnel, units, which determine the tasks of combat training and requirements for it, the organization and content of combat training, as well as issues of its comprehensive security;
Orders on combat training of commanders-in-chief of types (branches) of troops, commanders of troops of military districts, commanders (commanders) of formations (formations, units); orders and instructions for conducting inspections, final checks and control classes; collections of standards for combat training.
The head of combat training is the commander. Combat training is directed by commanders (chiefs) of all levels personally, through subordinate headquarters (services) and combat training bodies.
The organization of combat training includes:
Making a decision on the organization of combat training;
Combat training planning; coordination of the developed documents and their submission for approval;
Setting goals and bringing the necessary planning documents (or extracts from them) to subordinates;
Control over the organization and course of combat training, evaluation of its results, promotion of advanced experience in troop training; leadership organization.
When organizing combat training, the state of combat training of troops is taken into account. This involves clarifying the topics of classes in individual subjects of training, the number of training sessions, exercises performed for each category of trainees, as well as redistributing training time to poorly mastered subjects and topics of classes, other combat training measures, taking into account the tasks facing subunits (units, formations).
When organizing combat training, such indicators as the staffing of subunits (units) with personnel, military equipment and weapons are taken into account; the level of general education and pre-conscription training of servicemen; the availability and timing of the introduction of new military equipment and weapons into service, which make it possible to better plan the main activities, rationally allocate training time, develop the most acceptable forms and methods of training, as well as efficiently and rationally distribute ammunition, motor resources and other material and technical means.
The presence, throughput and removal of objects of the field educational material and technical base largely determine not only the quality of training, but also the consumption of motor resources, fuels and lubricants, and other material and financial resources. When organizing combat training events, such forms and methods of conducting training sessions are used that would make it possible to minimize the time spent on transitions (transfers) during training sessions. The time spent on moving to training facilities, moving when changing training places, is used to conduct incidental training and work out individual issues and standards for combat training.
Analysis and correct use of the results of inspections, final checks and control exercises in the organization of combat training allows commanders (chiefs) to consolidate the results achieved, determine ways to eliminate shortcomings and rise to a higher level in combat skills.
Decision-making on the organization of combat training begins with the clarification and evaluation of the initial data and the definition of the plan and consists in studying the governing documents, the tasks set by senior commanders; analysis of the results of current and final control, reports and proposals of subordinates; assessment of the conditions for organizing and carrying out combat training in the current academic year or training period; clarification of the degree and quality of staffing of subordinate troops with personnel, weapons, military and special equipment; analysis of the state and possibilities of the educational material and technical base, the availability of financial resources for organizing and conducting combat training events, and living conditions. Commanders (chiefs) should begin this work in advance at all levels of command, without waiting for the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation for the preparation of the Armed Forces, organizational and guidelines on the training of troops in the academic year, the decision of the senior commander and the order of the commander of the troops of the military district, the decision on the organization of combat training of the immediate superior.
Based on the results of clarification and evaluation of the initial data, appropriate conclusions are drawn and specific measures are outlined that must be taken into account when organizing combat training (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1. The sequence of the commander's work on making a decision on combat training
With regard to units, the plan for organizing combat training determines: the main focus in training troops and their command and control agencies in the current year (training period); the procedure, methods and sequence of training (coordination) of military units (subdivisions, military personnel), command and control bodies (headquarters); the main issues of directing the training of troops.
Subsequently, the commander informs the officers directly subordinate to him about the instructions he received from senior commanders, announces the plan and sets tasks for the chief of staff, deputies, heads of military branches and services to prepare proposals. Commander's instructions must be sufficiently specific and purposeful. Their level of detail depends on how fully the initial data is understood, and on the preparedness of command and control officers. Hearing of proposals can be carried out both at the meeting and individually. The content of the proposals should reflect issues related to the most important combat training measures.
Based on the clarification of the requirements of the governing documents, a comprehensive assessment of the conditions, the concept and consideration of proposals, the commander makes a decision on the organization of combat training, which is the basis of planning.
The decision to organize combat training shall reflect: goals and objectives of combat training and methods for their implementation; the procedure for preparing subordinate troops and their command and control bodies for the performance of combat missions for their intended purpose and for training personnel; measures for the comprehensive provision of combat training; measures for the management of training, education and strengthening of discipline.
The goals and objectives of combat training are determined on the basis of the requirements of the governing documents, the specific tasks facing the unit (subunit), taking into account the actual conditions for organizing and implementing combat training in the current academic year (training period). Concrete and realistic goals and objectives not only determine the objectivity of planning, but also provide a clear guideline indicating the main areas of activity for commanders and chiefs of all levels.
When determining the procedure for preparing subordinate troops and their command and control bodies for the performance of combat missions for their intended purpose and for training personnel, first of all, the terms and procedure for working out issues of personnel actions on combat alert, bringing subunits and units to various degrees of combat readiness are outlined.
In the future, the sequence and terms of single training, coordination of subunits and units are specified; carrying out combat firing; the number and types of combat training competitions; the procedure for the withdrawal of subunits (units) to training centers is outlined; the procedure for joint training, including with subunits and units of other branches and branches of the armed forces.
When determining measures for the comprehensive provision of combat training, the procedure for using objects of the educational material and technical base, including those of other departments, spending motor resources, ammunition, imitation, money allocated for combat training is outlined, the order of construction and improvement of training facilities and the procedure for their implementation are determined. assigned to divisions.
When determining issues of directing combat training, measures are determined to provide assistance to subordinate subunits and to exercise control. A special place is given to demonstrative, methodical and control classes, summarizing and setting tasks, the work of complex groups for monitoring and providing assistance.
The commander announces the decision made to his deputies, headquarters, heads of combat arms and services and sets tasks for the direct development of planning documents.
Combat training planning consists in the collective work of commanders (chiefs) and headquarters to determine and agree in detail on the place and time of combat training activities and its comprehensive support, with a graphical display of the most optimal system for sequential training of personnel, coordination of troops, command and control agencies, to conduct combat operations in various conditions of the situation, the study of standard weapons, military and special equipment, methods of using them in combat. The basis for planning combat training is the decision to organize combat training.
Planning should be real, simple, visual and provide: an integrated approach to solving combat training tasks; maximum use of educational and training facilities and high intensification of classes; using the experience of wars and armed conflicts, the achievements of domestic science and technology, best practices in the methodology of organizing and conducting classes and exercises.
Planning documents should be convenient for everyday use as a working document. When developing plans, all activities are mutually linked and coordinated with each other, their uniform implementation is envisaged throughout the entire academic year. The number of planned events and exercises, as well as their sequence, should be based on the level of training of the troops and the actual availability of time.
The coordination of combat training measures with the measures that determine the day-to-day activities of the troops means careful coordination of the ongoing combat training measures with the tasks that the troops perform on a daily basis. These include: combat duty, guard, internal and garrison services; holding park days; putting equipment into storage; daily maintenance of weapons and equipment; performance of necessary economic and other works. The tasks performed by the troops in their day-to-day activities must not hinder or frustrate the fulfillment of the planned combat training activities.
In a military unit, planning begins with the receipt of combat training guidance documents within the time limits set by the commander (commander, chief) and must be completed no later than November 15. All combat training planning documents must be developed taking into account the provisions of a typical month.
Training plans are approved: military units - until November 15; battalions and their equals - until November 20. Class schedules in companies (batteries) are approved and communicated to personnel by November 25.
The system of work of the commander of a military unit and headquarters in the development of planning documents for the new academic year provides for a certain sequence of their organizational and practical activities and includes a number of interrelated stages.
First stage - assessment of the state of combat training of a military unit (subunits), completeness and quality of solving problems in the current academic year.
Second phase - study and deep understanding of the tasks set by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the commander-in-chief (commander) of the service (arms) of the troops, the commander of the formation, the commander of the formation for the new academic year.
Third stage - determination of initial data for planning.
Fourth stage - development of a plan for the preparation of a military unit in the new academic year.
Fifth stage - announcement to the main officials of the military unit management and the commanders of the units of the plan for the preparation of the unit in the new academic year and setting tasks for planning.
Sixth stage - organization and development of planning documents, their coordination.
seventh stage - reconciliation of plans and their approval.
Plans, after approval by a higher commander (chief), are binding on all personnel and become a program of actions of commanders, headquarters and services coordinated in terms of tasks, time and means. All adjustments to the plan are made only with the permission of the person who approved it.
Combat training activities are planned on the basis of the order of the formation commander "On the results of troop training in __ year and tasks for __ year" and the division training plan. The regiment develops: a combat training plan; order "On the organization of combat training, internal and guard services for __ year (training period"; plan-calendar of the main events for a month; consolidated schedule of classes for a month (for a week); schedule of classes for command training with training groups of officers, ensigns.
The plan for the preparation of a military unit provides for the following sections:
1. Mobilization preparation:
1) according to the plan of the senior chief;
2) according to the plan of the commander of the military unit.
2. Combat training:
1) according to the plan of the senior chief;
2) according to the plan of the commander of the military unit: training of personnel; preparation of governing bodies; preparation of units (subdivisions).
III. Activities of daily life and activities: ensuring combat duty; preparation management activities; training arrangements; work in departments; work with personnel; restoration and repair of weapons and military equipment; capital construction, repair and redeployment of military units and divisions; other activities.
IV. Procedure and terms of reporting.
The following appendices are being developed for the regiment's training plan:
The composition of training groups and the calculation of hours for command training of officers and ensigns;
Calculation of hours for independent training of officers and ensigns;
The list of topics, their content, the distribution of amplification means and the consumption of motor resources for tactical (tactical-special) exercises and training;
The list of gatherings of specialists and the timing of their holding; the list and terms of holding competitions, competitions, contests;
List and timing of sporting events;
Calculation of the allocation of motor resources for training;
Calculation of the allocation of ammunition for training;
Calculation of the provision of preparation measures with fuels and lubricants.
The work of planning combat training in a regiment begins with the preparation of a plan form, in which the activities carried out by senior commanders are first entered. It is expedient to enter these measures and the timing of their implementation sequentially in all sections of the combat training plan, after which the chief of staff, on the basis of the decision of the commander, specifies the timing of tactical (special tactical) and other exercises, the sequence of working out topics in training subjects. This work is carried out by the chief of staff with the involvement of deputies, chiefs of arms and services, who, together with the headquarters, develop the relevant sections of the plan, taking into account their specialty.
At the same time, deputy commanders, chiefs of military branches and services, and other officers involved in planning, on the basis of the decision of the commander and instructions of the chief of staff, complete the development of the relevant sections of the military unit preparation plan and annexes to it. With the development of one or another section of the plan, as a rule, corresponding applications are also developed in parallel (Scheme 2).
D 
the detailed development of a combat training plan begins with the clarification and development of the "Combat and mobilization readiness" section, which is usually developed personally by the commander with the involvement of the chief of staff.
Scheme 2. Algorithm for developing a combat training plan and annexes to it (option)
The direct development of the subsequent sections of the plan and annexes to it is carried out by officers allocated for this under the leadership of the chief of staff, who organizes and coordinates the work of all performers.
The officers appointed to develop the plan and its annexes, on the basis of the decision of the commander and the instructions of the chief of staff, make the necessary calculations, link the planned measures, make entries in the prepared forms of the plan and annexes to it. In addition to the staff officers, officers of the armed forces and services are involved in the development of individual sections of the plan and annexes to it.
The development of sections of the plan usually begins with checking the completeness of the measures previously entered into them from the decision of the commander and senior commanders, and determining the missing measures.
The development of the section "Training of personnel" is carried out on the basis of the calendar of an approximate typical month. At the same time, commander training is planned for certain weeks and days of the month, freeing up the rest of the time for exercises, firing, and going to training centers.
Fire, tank-rifle drills, and fire and subunit control drills are planned on the days of command training.
In the future, offsets and independent work of officers are planned.
Planning for the training of warrant officers is carried out in the same sequence as for officers.
The training of sergeants is planned only in the plans for the training of regiments and their peers. At the same time, educational and methodological gatherings, as a rule, are planned before the start of each period of study. When planning the training of female military personnel, it is necessary to take into account that it is advisable to train female specialists holding the positions of officers, ensigns in the classroom in the appropriate groups for command training of officers, ensigns. For women holding the positions of sergeants and privates, special training classes must be planned as part of full-time units.
Simultaneously with the second section of the combat training plan, an appendix "The composition of training groups, a list of topics and the calculation of hours for command training of officers, ensigns" is being developed. Then, in accordance with the commander's training programs, the relevant commanders develop a thematic calculation of hours for subjects of study for each category of trainees. After the development of this application, the application "List of fees of specialists and the timing of their holding" is being developed.
The section "Training of command and control bodies (headquarters)" is developed by the chief of staff with the involvement of assistant chiefs of military branches and services, and in part - personally by the chief of staff of the unit. Simultaneously with the development of this section, an application is being developed with a list of topics, the distribution of reinforcement means for command and staff exercises and training.
The development of the section "Training of units (subunits)" must begin with the planning of activities carried out by senior commanders, tactical (tactical-special, special) training for all units and subunits, including military branches. At the same time, special attention is paid to the planning of tactical exercises with live fire. Subsequently, measures are determined for the preparation of military branches, educational work; driver training and marches; conducting drill reviews, reviews of mass sports work; competitions and competitions in combat training.
Planning of fire training is carried out in units where the measures for fire training of subunits are specified. They are closely linked with tactical (tactical-special) training.
Planning technical training is carried out only in terms of combat training of the battalion and its equal units by the deputy commander for armaments, indicating the standards and practical work.
Driving training planning is carried out by the deputy commander of the armament unit together with officers of subordinate services. He, together with the staff officers, is developing an appendix to the plan "Calculation of the need for ammunition and motor resources for combat training."
In parallel with the development of this section of the plan, relevant applications are being developed.
The section "Measures of daily life and activities" is developed by the chief of staff and deputy commanders with the personal participation of the commander. At the same time, the activities and deadlines for the work of officers of the unit’s management to exercise control and assist the commanders of subordinate units in organizing and conducting classes and exercises, strengthening discipline, comprehensively ensuring the process of training and education, etc. are first determined. These activities are planned so that they are carried out purposefully, taking into account the importance of the tasks solved in the unit (subunits), and are carried out, as a rule, by complex groups under the leadership of the commander or his deputies.
In addition to plans for the academic year (period), the regiment develops a plan-calendar of the main events for the month, which not only specifies the timing of individual events, but, most importantly, details the procedure for ensuring the main events, and sometimes additional events are planned in order to qualitatively fulfill the main month tasks.
The plan-calendar of the main events contains the main tasks and activities that ensure their implementation for a given month, indicating the specific dates, responsible executors, involved departments, venues, and is developed on the basis of the preparation plan for the part. A feature of this document is that it includes only those activities in which several units, services participate or the preparation and implementation of which require the direct participation of commanders and headquarters.
In addition, the following are being additionally developed in the unit: a work plan to strengthen discipline and improve the service of the troops; plan for the construction and improvement of the educational material and technical base; technical training plan (additional training) for drivers and other automotive service specialists; a plan for comprehensive counteraction to foreign technical intelligence; plan for training class specialists; plan of rationalization and inventive work.
The chiefs of the military branches and services of the unit develop plans for the work of services for the academic year, which reflect: the activities of senior commanders and the work order of departments (services) for their implementation; measures taken by the head of the military branch (service) to train subordinate units and units in their specialty; the timing of tactical (tactical-special) exercises and training, control exercises with their subordinate units; thematic calculation of hours for individual companies (platoons) and equal subdivisions of military branches and special forces for the period of training in the service profile; the timing and procedure for attracting units of military branches to combined arms tactical exercises; the timing of access to the training grounds and the organization of training on them; thematic calculation and timing of the commander's classes of their subgroup, ostentatious, instructor-methodical and other classes with officers of the military branches (sergeants) in the specialty, organization of self-training with them; the procedure for training class specialists in the service; the procedure for the material, technical and financial support of measures for the combat training of service units, the creation and improvement of the training and material base for the profile of the service; measures to strengthen discipline and improve the service of the troops; management of training and education of subordinate units.
developed: a plan for the preparation of the battalion; the composition of training groups and the calculation of hours for command training of officers; schedule of classes for commander training with training groups of officers, ensigns, sergeants; plan-calendar of the main events for the month; consolidated weekly schedule.
The training plan for the battalion and its equal units is a long-term planning document, drawn up for the training period and includes the following sections:
I. Combat and mobilization readiness:
1) according to the plan of the senior chief;
2) according to the plan of the commander of the formation (military unit).
II. Mobilization and combat training.
III. Mobilization preparation:
1) according to the plan of the senior chief;
2) according to the plan of the battalion commander.
IV. Combat training:
1) according to the plan of the senior chief: preparation of management bodies; command training; tactical (tactical-special) exercises, etc.;
2) according to the plan of the battalion commander: command training; single (individual) training; training units; competitions, reviews, competitions.
V. Activities of daily life and activities: ensuring combat duty (duty); preparation management activities; other activities.
The “Combat and mobilization readiness” section contains the procedure and terms for conducting combat readiness classes with battalion personnel, combat readiness training, measures to study mobilization resources, the procedure for monitoring the state of combat and mobilization readiness in battalion subunits (checking the availability, condition and accounting for weapons and military equipment, materiel; training of officers, ensigns, sergeants).
The section "Mobilization and combat training" includes the timing, procedure for conducting training, command and methodological exercises conducted in the battalion (its equal unit); single (individual) training; preparation of subunits (coordination of subunits, performance of firing (launches) and driving exercises, live firing, tactical exercises, tactical and drill exercises on materiel during a field exit); competitions, contests and competitions and planned costs.
The section "Measures of daily life and activity" includes measures to ensure combat duty (duty), the timing of activities to manage combat training: summing up and setting tasks for combat training, conducting control exercises, tests and drill reviews, control and final checks, measures of control and assistance, other measures.
The thematic calculation of hours for the training period is developed in accordance with the combat training programs for various categories of military personnel in all subjects of training.
The composition of training groups and the calculation of hours for commander training of officers include: the composition of training groups; general and thematic calculation of hours for subjects separately for each of them. In the battalion and its equal units, only a group of platoon commanders is created with the involvement of ensigns in them, holding officer positions.
The general and thematic calculation of hours for commander training is developed on the basis of commander training programs for officers and ensigns.
The schedule of classes for command training with training groups of officers, warrant officers, sergeants is drawn up for each month of training separately for each category of trainees.
The plan-calendar of the main events for the month and the consolidated schedule of classes for the week are current planning documents.
The plan-calendar of the main events for the month is essentially an extract from the training plan for the battalion (its equal) for the month and has the same sections. In it, on the basis of the plan-calendar of the main events for the month of the regiment (its equal), extracts from the schedule for the allocation of training facilities and the schedule of orders, the dates, time and form of the planned events are specified.
To organize daily quality control of the educational process and assist subordinates in the preparation and conduct of classes in formations, military units, a consolidated weekly schedule of classes is worked out. It is made up of commanders and chiefs who have subordinate military units, divisions, services, after receiving extracts from calendar plan and outfit graphics. They indicate the main activities (classes) of combat training that require control, support, assistance from the respective commanders (chiefs), as well as classes conducted by them personally and their direct subordinates.
In the company and its equal units, on the basis of the training plan for the battalion and its equal units and the consolidated schedule of classes, a weekly schedule of classes is developed. It is the main document that determines the organization and course of combat training in training groups and subunits. All training programs and plans are implemented through class schedules.
In the schedule of classes for each platoon and its equal units, the following should be determined:
In columns 1 and 2 - the date and time of the classes;
In column 4 - the subject of combat training, the numbers and names of topics and classes, the forms (method) of classes, the numbers of standards;
In the remaining columns - venues, class leaders, guiding documents and material support for classes, a mark on the class.
In addition to planned classes with the personnel of the unit, the schedule includes training, self-training, summing up and setting tasks, instructor-methodical classes with sergeants.
The schedule of classes also indicates the preparation and service of units on duty, the time of combat duty and other activities carried out as part of the units, including park and housekeeping days, maintenance of weapons and equipment, chores and washing in the bath.
When conducting classes as part of a unit with the involvement of officers, this category of servicemen is also indicated in the class schedule.
The class schedule is drawn up personally by the unit commander and approved by the senior chief no later than Friday of the current week.
The planning of combat training for the next month must be completed: in a military unit - before the 25th; in the unit - until the 29th (for March - until February 27).
In order to improve the methodological skills and effectiveness of the work of commanders in military units, a system of work for officials (a typical month) has been introduced to organize planned daily activities, including combat training.
The first week is organizational. Certain events are held in military units: commander training, tactical (tactical-special) training (Monday - ensigns and sergeants, Tuesday - battalion commanders (group leaders), Wednesday - company commanders, Thursday - platoon commanders, commander and instructor-methodical classes; drill reviews, the work of complex commissions).
In full and reduced military units, work is additionally carried out in units to provide assistance in organizing and carrying out activities for combat training, educational and mass sports work.
The second week is mobilization. In reduced military units the following activities are carried out: command (mobilization) training, training, command post and mobilization exercises; work in the troops, control and assistance in conducting combat training classes, carrying out activities of the mobilization week:
The first day - classes on mobilization training with all categories of officers;
The second day - the study of mobilization resources, clarification of registration, the work of officers in military commissariats, military construction and training military units;
The third day - the work of representatives of the military commissariats in the completed military units;
Fourth and fifth days - study of documents of combat and mobilization readiness, combat documents;
The sixth day - work on the basis of mobilization deployment and combat coordination.
The following activities are carried out in full-strength military units: command (mobilization) training, training, command-staff and mobilization exercises; scheduled combat training classes; Wednesday, Thursday - mobilization days; Friday - study of combat missions.
The third week is planning; for formations, military units - park.
In military units, the following is carried out: conducting classes on command training with officers of departments; conducting (participating in) command and staff exercises (staff training); development of plans-calendars for the next month; leadership and control over the development of plans for the main events and schedules of classes for the week in companies, checking the records of combat training; execution of current documents, submission of reports, reports, applications to the contenting authorities:
The first day - classes on the security of military service, holding reviews of weapons and military equipment, parks, warehouses of missile and artillery weapons and military equipment;
Second, third and fourth days - implementation of measures for the maintenance of weapons and military equipment, the improvement of parks and warehouses;
Fifth day - conducting classes on technical (special) training with all categories of military personnel (with a driver's staff - driver's day);
The sixth day - summarizing the quality of work performed, summing up the results of the park week.
In military units of constant readiness, additional scheduled classes in combat training are held;
The sixth day is a park (park and economic) day.
Fourth week - control classes. Practical work in subdivisions to strengthen military discipline and service of the troops, logistics, improve the educational material and technical base; work of complex groups; analysis of the state of implementation of combat training plans, strengthening of military discipline, rendering assistance to subunits; summing up the results of work in departments for the past month, setting tasks.
In military units: control classes in the main subjects of combat training with all categories of military personnel; command classes with commanders and their deputies; summing up the results of combat training, military discipline, service of troops, operation of weapons and military equipment; setting goals for the next month.
The practical activity of officials in planning daily activities for the week begins on Wednesday, when, based on the instructions of the commander of the unit, the monthly plan-calendar of the main events, the headquarters of the military unit, together with the deputy commanders of the unit, heads of military branches and services, and chiefs of staff of battalions (divisions) develop proposals for the commander of the military unit to make a decision on the organization of daily activities (combat training) and clarify the action plan for the next week.
The headquarters of the military unit (on a standard sheet of drawing paper) develops an idea for a consolidated schedule of classes and the main events of the military unit for the next week.
The concept of the consolidated schedule of classes and the main events of the military unit for the next week reflects proposals: on the distribution (redistribution) of the daily order between units; by appointment of the duty unit; on the distribution of objects of the educational and material base for conducting classes in combat training, conducting control, instructor-methodical classes by the commander of a military unit, his deputies, heads of military branches and services; on the order of work of the chiefs of military branches and services of the unit in subdivisions for checking the state of stocks and resources (one or two days a week in a company); the date and time of the bathing of personnel in the bath, the places and times of holding events common to the unit, divisions (evening inspections, park days, sports holidays, conferences, unified days of sergeants, drivers, etc.), as well as divisions allocated for performing chores, on combat duty.
Prepared proposals for planning the coming week with a consolidated schedule of classes and main events of the military unit of the current week on the same day are submitted by the chief of staff to the commander of the military unit for making a decision and considering planning documents.
On Thursday every week the commander of a military unit holds a meeting with his deputies, heads of military branches and services, commanders of battalions (divisions), individual companies (batteries). The Chief of Staff announces the plan for organizing the daily activities of the upcoming week. Deputies commander of a military unit, heads of military branches and services report the results of the activities of the military unit for the current week on their issues and proposals for organizing their work for the coming week.
At the end of the planning meeting for the upcoming week, the commander of the military unit, as a rule, sums up the results of the current week; gives instructions on the organization of daily activities for the coming week and approves planning documents.
At the end of the meeting, the commanders of battalions (divisions), heads of military branches and services bring the instructions of the commander of the military unit to the commanders of companies (batteries), individual platoons and hand them extracts from the combat training plans of the military unit, battalions (divisions) updated on the results of the meeting for scheduling classes .
On Friday every week, the commanders of individual subunits in the tactical class of the headquarters of the unit under the leadership of the chief of staff (deputy chief of staff) of the unit, and the commanders of line companies (batteries) in the corresponding premises of the battalions (divisions) under the guidance of the chiefs of staff of the battalions (divisions) personally draw up and write the schedule for upcoming week.
In the tactical classroom of the headquarters of the military unit, the premises of battalions (divisions) in the designated place, control copies of the necessary reference literature (combat training programs, firing courses, driving, manuals on types of support, general military regulations, manuals, manuals, training methods for subjects of study and other documents) for scheduling classes.
Company commanders arrive to draw up schedules with their literature. Before starting work, the unit chief of staff (deputy chief of staff), chiefs of staff of battalions (divisions) are required to: check the presence of officials and their readiness for work; check the availability of literature from the unit commanders and its compliance with the control copies; bring the instructions of the commander of the unit (battalion); clarify the subject and time of conducting control, instructor-methodical classes conducted by the unit commander, his deputies, heads of military branches and services; to bring (clarify) the working hours of officials of the military unit to check the condition, maintenance, accounting, storage, conservation and operation of weapons and military equipment, material reserves and their consumption; clarify the activities of educational work, options for morning physical exercises for each day of the week, the content of physical training, the time and content of mass sports work; clarify the topics of instructor-methodical and demonstration classes with sergeants, training with personnel in the morning, as well as the time for bathing personnel in the bath.
Based on the instructions of the commander of the military unit, the specified measures of daily activities, the requirements of combat training programs, using educational and methodological literature, the commanders of subunits personally develop the schedules of classes for subordinate subunits. Upon completion of work, the unit commanders submit the schedules of classes to the chief of staff of the military unit (chief of staff of the battalion) for verification, coordinate them with the officials of the military unit and submit them for approval to the relevant commanders, chiefs. Approved class schedules are posted to the end of Friday of each week in the locations of units.
The class schedule is the law, changes to this document can be made only in exceptional cases with the personal permission of the commander of the military unit by crossing out the planned event and writing a new one in the bottom of the class schedule form, with each change certified by the signature of the commander of the military unit.
The commander of a military unit, deputy commanders, heads of military branches and services develop personal work plans for a month (week). They usually indicate: the activities carried out by the senior chief, indicating the timing, place and method (form) of the activities; events personally held in subordinate units, indicating the timing, place and method (form) of the events; individual training activities (including self-training) indicating specific activities and deadlines.
Personal plans must comply with the plan of the daily activities of the military unit and the plans for the daily activities of subordinate units. They are signed by officials and approved by direct commanders (chiefs).
After the development of planning documents is completed, all planned activities are carefully checked and coordinated among themselves, after which the developed documents are submitted for approval and approval to the relevant commanders (chiefs).
Upon approval, the following is checked: compliance of the developed planning documents with the established sample forms; completeness of coordination of plans with the relevant officials; completeness and quality of planning, compliance of goals and objectives in planning documents with the plan for the preparation of the unit, announced by the unit commander; mutual consistency of the planned activities in terms of timing, venue, responsible executors, involved forces and means; the reality of plans with verification of calculations-justifications for planned activities, as well as other issues at the discretion of the unit commander.
In the course of coordination, all planning issues are finally (if necessary) resolved, the role and place of each chief in the performance of the most important tasks are clarified. Coordination of planning documents is carried out under the direct supervision of the commander. At the same time, in the course of coordinating and approving planning documents, the commander checks the readiness of his deputies, heads of departments and services, commanders of subordinate units to solve the tasks set for the new academic year.
After completion of the coordination of planning documents, the commander sums up the results of planning, evaluates the work carried out by the relevant officials and, if necessary, sets tasks for finalizing the developed documents. Approval of planning documents is carried out immediately after summing up the results of planning or at another appointed time.
Tasks for combat training are set in part by the order “On the organization of combat training, internal and guard services for the __ academic year (training period); other orders (instructions) of the unit commander.
The chiefs of military branches and services set tasks for subordinate units and services in relation to the above terms.
The headquarters of the unit, no later than the 20th day of each month, sends extracts from the schedule for the allocation of training facilities at the training grounds and the schedule of orders to the units.
Tasks are set (specified), as a rule, simultaneously with summing up. They should not repeat the provisions set forth in the guidance documents, but develop them in relation to the unit, subdivision and specific situation. Tasks should be specific, justified and realistically achievable, provide for the consolidation of the positive results achieved, the elimination of shortcomings that have taken place in this unit, and determine the next milestone in the training of personnel of the unit (unit) with specific deadlines, quantitative and qualitative indicators.
When setting tasks, the commander determines:
Combat training activities to which special attention should be paid in a given academic year (training period);
The order of preparation of the unit (subdivisions);
The timing of the withdrawal of units to the training grounds for working out combat training tasks and ground work;
What exercises, exercises and in what units will be conducted by the commander, where and at what time will the commander's complex group work to provide assistance and monitor the progress of combat training;
What and to whom to carry out measures for the comprehensive support of the course of combat training and the timing of their implementation;
The sequence and timing of the implementation of measures to organize combat training, determines in detail: the procedure for training officers, warrant officers, sergeants and units, including which and to whom to additionally work out topics and classes, specifies the number of hours for their implementation;
Forms and methods of educational work in subdivisions;
The sequence of use by units of the objects of the educational material and technical base, compliance with safety requirements when conducting combat training activities;
The procedure for organizing and conducting inventive and rationalization work; order of control and assistance.
In addition, the commander of the unit on a monthly and weekly basis can clarify tasks in the main subjects of training, conducting classes with certain categories of military personnel, in terms of the consumption of material resources in tactical (tactical-special) classes and exercises, complex classes and on other issues.
The commanders of subdivisions set tasks according to the subjects of training, topics and standards of combat training. This usually states the following:
The procedure for conducting command classes with sergeants;
Terms of coordination of divisions;
Clarified content of the topics of classes and standards;
What classes, exercises and in which units will be held by senior commanders (chiefs);
What topics (standards) to additionally work out with lagging units (military personnel);
The procedure for working out issues of moral and psychological preparation in the course of training sessions, exercises and trainings;
The procedure for conducting field trips and range work.
Combat Training Leadership- this is a purposeful activity of command and control bodies and officials in planning, organizing combat training, providing assistance and monitoring the organization of combat training in subordinate troops and their command and control bodies; control over the course of implementation of combat training measures; summarizing the experience of combat training and bringing it to the attention of military command and control bodies and troops, taking into account combat training measures and reporting on them; regulation of training and military education of military personnel, coordination of subunits, units and their command and control bodies.
Combat training is directed by commanders (chiefs) of all levels personally and through subordinate command and control bodies (headquarters). It must be specific and ensure the full and high-quality implementation of combat training programs and plans.
Requirements for the leadership of combat training:
Compliance of the content of combat training with the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian state;
Strict and complete observance of the principles of military training and education;
Taking into account the achievements of military science, the experience of wars and armed conflicts, best practices in organizing and conducting combat training activities for troops;
Effective use and development of the educational material and technical base of combat training.
The main activities of combat training management are:
Monitoring the progress of combat training and providing assistance to subordinate commanders and subunits;
Purposeful training of commanders and staffs for directing combat training;
Organization of work to improve (confirm) class qualifications;
Organization of competitions, competitions (competitions) among military personnel and units according to tasks and standards;
Continuous study and prompt implementation of best practices in teaching practice;
Continuous improvement of the educational material and technical base and the timely introduction of the latest training aids into the practice of combat training;
Accounting and reporting, timely and objective summarizing the results of combat training.
An important element in the management of combat training is the control over its progress and the provision of assistance to subordinates. The purpose of control and assistance is to provide the commander (chief) with objective data reflecting the readiness of subordinate troops and their command and control agencies to perform tasks for their combat mission, the level of training of personnel, the actual state of affairs in combat training, the state of discipline and service of troops in all units and training of commanders (chiefs), organization, planning, conducting and comprehensive support of combat training activities and other issues.
The main content of the work on control and rendering assistance is: verification of the implementation of the plan and programs of combat training, the coverage of training for all categories of military personnel; checking and evaluating the organization and methods of conducting classes and exercises, the level of training of personnel and the coherence of units, studying the results of monitoring the progress of combat training, determining the causes of discovered shortcomings and assisting subordinates in organizing and carrying out work to eliminate them; developing measures and planning the work of services to eliminate deficiencies that require the decision of the head who organized the inspection; training the commanders of the organization's subdivisions and the methodology for solving the assigned tasks by preparing and conducting targeted instructor-methodical and demonstrative classes, joint practical work on the preparation and implementation of the main training events for troops; control over the elimination of discovered deficiencies.
Commanders (chiefs) are obliged to exercise constant control over the fulfillment by subordinate units of the assigned tasks and the quality of the educational process. Control is carried out through the planned work of senior commanders in units, subunits, as well as according to reports received from subordinate commanders and chiefs.
Control measures are reflected: in the plans for the preparation of parts - for the academic year; in the plan-calendar of the main events - for a month; in the plans of work of complex groups - for the period of their work.
In the battalion, control measures are reflected: in the combat training plan of the battalion (its equal) - for the period of training; in the plan-calendar of the main activities of combat training - for a month. Unit commanders draw up personal work plans for the month (week), which are approved by direct commanders (chiefs).
The battalion commander must check the quality of the training every month in at least 2 units, the company commander (his equal) - weekly in at least 1 squad, platoon and equal units. When checking the organization and course of classes, the state of accounting for combat training is necessarily checked. The results of the checks are recorded in the combat training logs.
Control over the course of combat training is subdivided into current (everyday) and periodical.
Current (everyday) control serves to ensure the quality of the training process, adjust the training process, and prevent negative phenomena in combat training. The content of the current control: checking the readiness of the main activities of combat training, training leaders for the next classes; checking the organization, methodology and course of classes; checking the quality of assimilation (working out) by military personnel of topics, educational tasks and standards in the course of classes; checking the serviceability and efficiency of the use of the educational material and technical base; hearing subordinate commanders (chiefs) on the implementation of combat training measures and readiness for classes the next day.
Day-to-day (current) monitoring of the course of combat training should be carried out in accordance with the consolidated training schedule, as well as the personal work plans of the commander and other command and control officers of the unit.
Periodic control organized in order to check the level of training of personnel in individual subjects of training, official and special duties, the training of units as a whole, after working out individual sections of the programs (completion of coordination stages), training units, introducing best practices and requirements of guidance documents into the training process. The content of periodic control: checking the level of training of personnel for combat duty; test (control) classes (exercises); final (control) checks; verification of the organization of training and commissioning of newly arrived reinforcements, graduates of training centers, military personnel serving under a contract, officers - graduates of military educational institutions, officers called up from the reserve, and military personnel transferred from other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; checking the performance of individual tasks by officers; monitoring the implementation of best practices; acceptance of tests based on knowledge of guiding documents on combat training.
The level of readiness of units and subunits to perform tasks for their combat mission is checked at combat training classes, and the level of professional training of personnel is checked at control classes.
The level of readiness of units and subunits of constant readiness to perform missions for combat purposes is checked: at the exercises of subunits, units and formations; in training; in combat shooting.
Exercises during the final (control) checks are conducted with a battalion and its equal units on complex topics, with a company and its equal units - on one of the topics. A part, a subunit is brought to these exercises in full force with standard weapons, military equipment and established stocks of materiel. Certain restrictions may be imposed at the discretion of the person in charge of the review.
Control exercises are an effective means of checking the quality of assimilation by personnel of the main topics of training programs and increasing the personal responsibility of commanders for the level of training of subordinate units.
At the control sessions, personnel are checked on the implementation of combat training tasks, exercises and standards in accordance with the requirements of orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, directives of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, organizational and methodological instructions of the commanders-in-chief (commanders) of the branches of the Armed Forces troops, special troops) for the training of troops for the current year, programs, courses, manuals, charters, instructions and collections of standards.
Control classes are conducted by commanders, chiefs of military branches and services upon completion of individual training of soldiers and combat coordination of units. Control exercises to check the coherence of the battalion and its equal units are carried out by the commander of the formation, company and its equal units - the unit commander.
In order to improve the quality of training of troops for exercises, part of the tactical drill exercises immediately preceding company, battalion and equivalent tactical (tactical-special) exercises are conducted on equipment together with reinforcement units as control exercises by senior commanders.
The work of senior commanders in subordinate units in order to control and provide assistance is planned, as a rule, in a complex manner. For these purposes, complex groups are created from officers of the control bodies (headquarters), heads of military branches, special troops and services. In the course of their work, they must: teach commanders effective methods of management, mastering new equipment and weapons, improving the methods of training and educating subordinates. The duration of the group's work in the unit is up to a week.
Before working in subordinate units of senior commanders and complex groups, a plan for their work is developed. It defines: purpose and objectives; compound complex group; terms and duration of work; the composition of the units involved in the audit; issues of organizing combat training, subject to study and verification; main issues of assistance; the procedure for the preparation and work of the leader and group in the troops (work plan); the procedure for recording the results and summarizing the work of the integrated group.
Based on the plan, a work plan of the integrated group is drawn up, specified in place, time and tasks to be solved, targeted training is carried out with a check on the readiness of officers to fulfill the task assigned to them, personal work plans are approved, linked to the daily routine of the unit.
The developed plan should take into account the activities carried out by the subdivisions as much as possible, and not only exclude their disruptions and postponements, but also assist in their preparation and implementation. If necessary, work plans may additionally include activities and exercises that need to be carried out in a given unit by a senior boss in order to train subordinates or eliminate existing shortcomings. Without fail, assistance should be provided for the most important events of a typical month or week.
In the course of training, instructive sessions are held with officers, at which the following are brought up: the goals, objectives and work plan of the group; analysis of the state of affairs in a particular unit and unresolved issues; the procedure for checking, evaluating and providing assistance in organizing, conducting and comprehensively providing combat training. At the end of the classes, the group leader sums up the results and sets tasks for the further training of officers.
In preparation for work, officers are required to study the methodology for conducting those classes and activities that they will conduct in the course of control and assistance. Each member of the group, preparing for work, must prepare plans for upcoming classes in the units.
Officers who will conduct exercises in the course of control and assistance are obliged to: understand the purpose of the lesson, with which unit it is conducted and on what topic, the state of the units, their composition and tasks to be solved; study the program, a collection of standards on the subject of training and draw up a list of questions and practical tasks, taking into account the fact that military personnel should know and be able to perform; determine the methodology for conducting the lesson, think over its organization and procedure; determine training places, their number and their assistants; determine the necessary security requirements; when setting a task for the commanders of units (subdivisions), indicate: place, time, procedure for conducting the lesson, material support, time of readiness. If necessary, individual tasks can be given to the checked (trained).
Preparations for work on control and rendering of assistance are being completed by checking readiness for it. The main task of the readiness check is to determine the degree of readiness of the officers of the integrated group to work in units and to give permission for admission to work as part of the commission. During this stage, interviews should be held with all members of the complex group and, if necessary, tests should be taken, which check their knowledge of the statutes, guidelines, readiness for work. Based on the results of the interview or the passing of tests, a conclusion is given on admission to work.
The results of the work of the integrated group are reflected in reports (reports) or acts that indicate: the degree of implementation of programs and plans for combat training, the level of training of military personnel and the coherence of units, the shortcomings that took place and their causes, conclusions on the organization of combat training in this unit, as well as the results of work on other issues, measures to eliminate the identified shortcomings with the determination of the timing of their implementation.
Measures to eliminate deficiencies that cannot be eliminated during the period of work, and the timing of their implementation are included in the relevant plans for the preparation of parts.
The study, generalization and implementation of advanced training experience consists in the purposeful daily work of commanders (commanders, chiefs), command and control bodies (headquarters) to identify new, advanced methods and ways of organizing the training and education of officers, warrant officers, sergeants, soldiers and the application of new methods, methods training and education through demonstration, instructor-methodical classes, meetings and methodological conferences (seminars) on topical issues of combat training, development of methodological manuals and recommendations. The holding of such events contributes to the establishment of common views on the methodology for preparing and conducting classes and exercises in this part, compound.
Accounting for the results of combat training is a reflection of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the fulfillment of plans for the training of personnel and the level of training of troops. Accounting includes the collection, systematization, storage, updating and analysis of data that reveal the degree of preparation of units, units and formations. It should provide a comprehensive analysis of the state of the level of training and coherence of units, the progress and quality of the educational process in order to prepare the necessary decisions, recommendations in the process of command and control of troops to maintain and improve their combat readiness.
Accounting is divided into operational and periodic.
Operational accounting consists in the daily recording and processing of the results of the implementation of combat training plans and the assimilation of the training program by personnel. It includes accounting for the combat training of soldiers (sailors) and sergeants (foremen) of a platoon (an equal unit), ensigns (midshipmen), officers of units.
Periodic accounting is a summary of the results of operational accounting with subsequent analysis and conclusions for a specified period of time of the academic year (week, month, quarter, half year, year).
The main accounting document for the combat training of a unit (battalion, company, platoon and equal subunits) is the combat (commander's) training register, which is maintained during the academic year. Journals are kept for a year and destroyed at the end of it.
In a platoon and equal subunits, records of combat training and its results are kept in the combat training log, with specification for each serviceman.
In a company and its equal subunits, records of combat training and its results are kept in the combat training log of the company and its equal subunits for squads (crews, crews) and platoon. In addition, marks are made on the conduct (fulfillment) of classes (events) in the class schedule.
In a battalion and subdivisions equal to it, combat training and its results are recorded for a platoon, company, and subunits equal to them. In addition, the commander's training of officers and ensigns is taken into account in the registers of commander's training.
In part, combat training and its results are recorded for companies, battalions and equal subunits. In addition, the commander's training of officers and ensigns is taken into account in the registers of commander's training. In the plan of combat training of the unit and the plan-calendar of the main activities, marks are made on the implementation.
Responsibility for maintaining accounting documents in a unit, battalion and equal subdivisions rests with the headquarters, in a company and equal subdivisions - with the commander; for commander training - to the head of the commander training group.
Personal records of officers' training are kept at headquarters, personal records reflect the results of commander's studies, final checks, exercises, fulfillment of individual tasks and other indicators of officers' service.
Reporting on the results of combat training is a system of reporting and information documents and measures that provides commanders and command and control agencies with timely and objective data on the progress and quality of troop training. It provides for concreteness, efficiency, and continuity in the management of troop training, and includes: reports on the results of combat training for the winter period of training and the academic year; reports (acts) on the results of inspections in accordance with the instructions on the procedure for inspections; reports on the implementation of training plans; reports on the readiness and conduct of the main combat training activities carried out personally by the commanders; current (including formalized) reports using computer centers, telephones and other communication equipment.
The results of control in the subunit are recorded in the combat training register, summarized by the headquarters and reported to the commander for decision-making.
Subunit commanders report on a weekly basis on the quality of the implementation of the planned activities, the coverage of personnel in combat training.
Based on the results of the control, commanders (chiefs) conduct both general reviews and reviews with individual categories of personnel, which consider positive experience, shortcomings, their causes and ways to eliminate them.
The battalion commander (and his peers) monthly reports on the accomplishment of the assigned tasks, the results of the training of personnel, attendance at classes, assessments of units in subjects of training for the month to the unit commander.
The unit commander (and his equals) monthly analyzes the degree of fulfillment of the assigned tasks, the level of training of subunits, the quality of the educational process and the coverage of personnel in combat training, and shortcomings in combat training. On a monthly basis, in the amount established by the commander of the formation, he reports on this with an indication of the marks given during the control exercises. Based on the final data for the training period and the academic year, he submits a written report to the unit commander.
Each service must know the state of training of subdivisions directly subordinate to it, and according to the profile of its specialty - for all subdivisions. To do this, the order of reports on services is established and accounting forms are developed.
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.3. Organization and planning procedure
combat training of subunits (parts)
Combat training is one of the main types of training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which is a purposeful, organized process of military training and education of personnel, coordination (combat coordination) of subunits, military units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks according to their purpose. Combat training, as a type of training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, is the main content of the daily activities of commanders (commanders), command and control bodies (headquarters) and troops (forces). It is carried out both in peacetime and in wartime and is due to the state's needs for well-trained military personnel, subunits, units and formations capable of successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them. The purpose of combat training is to achieve, maintain and improve the required level of military professional training of personnel, their physical endurance, coherence of crews, crews, subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) to perform combat and other tasks in accordance with their purpose. .
The direction of combat training is determined on the basis of the fundamental provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals (Concept) of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development and training of the Armed Forces, taking into account the trends in the development of military art. It is built on a strictly scientific basis using the experience of wars, armed conflicts and exercises, the prospects for the development of organizational forms and technical equipment of troops (forces), as well as the experience of training armies of foreign states.
The main tasks of combat training are:
maintaining a high constant combat readiness of subunits, units and formations for the performance of combat missions (tasks for their intended purpose);
instilling in officers, warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) solid professional knowledge and skills, developing their commanding qualities, pedagogical skills in training and educating subordinates, as well as skills in managing crews, crews, subunits, units, formations and fire in the performance of tasks and their further improvement;
training of military personnel as part of crews, crews, units for the independent performance of their official and special duties in the course of performing combat (special) tasks and the skillful use of standard weapons and military equipment for combat purposes;
coordinating crews, crews, units, units and formations, improving field, air and sea skills;
mastering new models of weapons and military equipment, instilling in personnel knowledge and skills in carrying out maintenance and maintaining in readiness for combat use, fulfilling security requirements;
preparation of troops (forces) for participation in armed conflicts and actions as part of united (multi-agency) groupings to maintain (restor) peace and security;
verification in the course of training of the existing statutory provisions on the organization and conduct of combat (tactical actions), the development of new methods for the combat use of troops (forces);
coordinating the command and control bodies (headquarters) of subunits, units and formations, teaching them the ability to control troops (forces) in various conditions of the situation and to carry out measures that ensure the survivability of command and control bodies (headquarters);
training military personnel in strict and precise compliance with the requirements of laws and general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
education among the personnel of high morale and combat qualities, a sense of responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland, vigilance, discipline, diligence, and military camaraderie;
the development in the personnel of high psychological stability, courage and determination, physical endurance and dexterity, ingenuity, the ability to overcome the difficulties of combined arms combat, the ability to endure physical and psychological stress in difficult conditions;
training military personnel to comply with the norms of international humanitarian law and the rules of conduct in the conduct of war (during armed conflicts);
ensuring the preparation of reserves;
development of means and methods for improving the methodological systems of training and education, individual methods, taking into account the specifics of the troops (forces), the characteristics of the training of military specialists in various fields;
further development and specification of the requirements of the principles of training and education in accordance with the ongoing changes in the life of society and its Armed Forces, taking into account the improvement of weapons and military equipment, methods of combat operations, and the need for constant increase in combat readiness.
achieving the required result (level) of training - a clear definition by the commanders (commanders, chiefs) of the goals and objectives of combat training and ensuring the required results of training of military personnel, troops (forces) and command and control bodies (headquarters) at all stages of their training;
consistency in the training of all categories of trainees - coordination of the training of military personnel, troops (forces) and command and control bodies (headquarters) in terms of goals, tasks, content of training, place and time of events, ensuring joint training of military branches and special troops;
rational use of the educational material and technical base of combat training and the cost-effectiveness of conducting combat training activities - the operation of training facilities for combat training with a maximum load, their uniform loading during the academic year (training period), their timely maintenance and improvement, a comprehensive economic justification for the feasibility and necessity of conducting combat training activities at the facilities of the educational material and technical base;
the introduction of advanced, scientifically based training methods into the process of combat training - the active and purposeful use of new effective forms, methods and means of training, the constant improvement of combat training methods.
conformity of the orientation of training with the state ideology, the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation;
ensuring the constant combat readiness of subunits, units and formations to perform combat missions for their intended purpose, regardless of the duration of their training;
to teach troops (forces) what is needed in the war;
each commander trains his subordinates;
visibility and maximum approximation of training to the situation of a real battle;
systematic and consistent training (training "from simple to complex");
scientific nature of education;
collective and individual approach to learning;
Consciousness, activity and independence of trainees;
unity of training and military education.
The structural direction involves the construction of combat training "from the soldier", i.e., the first stage of training should be his individual training. After that, the coordination of departments (crews, crews), platoons, companies (batteries, battalions, divisions), regiments, brigades and divisions is carried out sequentially. Coordination of a larger subunit should be started only after the complete coordination of the subdivisions included in it.
The organizational direction presupposes a clear separation of the functions of officials and control bodies of various levels in organizing and directing combat training.
Squad (crew, crew) commanders, platoon and company commanders are direct supervisors of combat training.
Battalion (division) commanders are the organizers of combat training.
The divisional (regimental) level of command is also entrusted with methodological guidance and comprehensive support for combat training. In addition, the divisional link is the main controlling link. At the same time, the company is the center of combat training.
The methodical direction of combat training means the consistent formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in the trainees.
At the same time, knowledge is transferred (reported) in the form of lectures, conversations, stories, film and video films, demonstrations of the practical actions of the troops.
Skills are formed in the course of simulators, training, shooting, driving exercises.
Skills are formed mainly in those forms of education where the main method is practical work. This primarily applies to tactical and tactical-special exercises.
Thus, the story, demonstration, training, exercise, practical work are the methodological paradigm for the implementation of the principle "from simple to complex".
A high level of combat training is achieved:
knowledge by commanders (chiefs) of the real state of training of troops (forces), timely and specific setting of tasks, high-quality and purposeful planning of combat training activities, continuous, flexible and operational management of combat training, personal participation of commanders (commanders, chiefs) in planning combat training activities and training of subordinates;
strict adherence to the daily routine, plans and schedules of classes, the exclusion of disruptions and transfers of classes, separation of personnel from combat training;
timely preparation and comprehensive provision of classes, the right choice of forms and methods of training, the use of recommendations from military pedagogy and psychology;
the applied nature and practical orientation of military personnel training;
effective use of the educational material and technical base, its development, improvement and maintenance in good condition;
skillful organization and carrying out of methodical work in military units, on ships and formations, constant search for new forms and methods of training military personnel, improvement of the methodological skills of class leaders, generalization and dissemination of advanced experience in training military personnel;
purposeful and continuous educational work and skillful organization of competition during classes;
constant monitoring of the training of troops (forces) and the effective work of military command and control bodies (headquarters) to provide assistance to subordinates;
analysis of the results achieved and summing up with each category of trainees;
comprehensive material and technical support for combat training, the full bringing of the established norms of allowances to servicemen.
single (individual) training of servicemen;
training (coordination) of subunits (military formations), units and formations;
preparation (coordination) of control bodies (headquarters).
Single training - training of sergeants (foremen), soldiers (sailors, students) after their arrival in the unit (training unit).
The purpose of individual training is to give military personnel knowledge, instill skills and abilities (to master military registration specialties) necessary to perform duties in combat, when handling weapons, military equipment and performing daily service.
Single training of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors, students), including those undergoing military service under the contract and female military personnel, includes:
initial (combined-arms) training of military personnel, including those who entered military service under a contract for the positions of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors);
the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities for the position held (military registration specialty);
the study of the basics of training and education of personnel, the development of commanding qualities among sergeants (foremen);
admission of sergeants (foremen) and soldiers (sailors) to independent work on equipment, combat duty (duty) as part of crew shifts;
preparation and delivery of tests for the assignment (confirmation) of class qualifications, the development of an adjacent specialty;
preparation for actions as part of duty shifts, crews, teams, units (military formations).
The purpose of individual training of military personnel is the complete and high-quality development of training programs, official and special duties for their positions, and the achievement of the highest qualification.
Individual training is carried out:
officers, warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) - in the system of command training, in the course of planned classes and training in armament (weapons), on military and special equipment, simulators and other objects of the educational material and technical base;
soldiers (sailors) - in the course of planned classes and training in subjects of study in the scope of general military training and training in military specialty.
The training of crews, crews, subunits (military formations), military units and formations is carried out in the course of their successive coordination (combat coordination) in conditions as close as possible to combat.
Coordination is the training of military personnel in coordinated actions as part of duty shifts, crews, crews, teams, units (military formations) with subsequent training as part of a military unit and formation to perform combat (special) tasks for their intended purpose.
The training of command and control bodies (headquarters) is carried out in order to ensure their readiness for planning combat operations, training troops (forces) and managing them in any situation, as well as resolving issues of interaction and comprehensive support.
Training of command and control bodies (headquarters) includes:
individual training of officers and ensigns (midshipmen) of the control body (headquarters);
training of support units of the command and control body (headquarters);
coordinating the combat control groups and the command and control body (headquarters) as a whole.
The elements of the combat training system are:
the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which determine the goals, tasks, structure and main content of combat training;
military command and control bodies (types, arms, military districts, formations, formations) directly managing combat training, carrying out its activities and its comprehensive support;
crews, crews, subdivisions, units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters) with which training is conducted;
organization of training;
subjects of training, i.e., a set of tasks, techniques, standards, the implementation of which is trained by military personnel, subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
forms and methods of training military personnel, coordination of subunits, units, formations and their command and control bodies;
educational material and technical base of combat training;
material, logistic, financial, technical support for combat training activities.
The most important condition for the effectiveness of the functioning of the combat training system is the skillful and competent application of the forms and methods of training various categories of military personnel, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of military collectives.
The organization of combat training is a purposeful activity of commanders (commanders, chiefs) and command and control bodies (headquarters), aimed at building the process of training subordinate troops (forces) and their command bodies, as well as preparing combat training measures.
Combat training in the RF Armed Forces is organized on the basis of the following requirements:
laws of the Russian Federation;
Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation concerning issues of military development and the functioning of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation defining (clarifying) certain issues of the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation concerning the issues of training the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the fulfillment of tasks by them as intended;
general military charters of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
combat regulations and instructions;
other official documents (organizational and methodological guidelines for the training of troops (forces) in the academic year, regulations, manuals, instructions, programs and training courses for various categories of military personnel, units), which define the tasks of combat training and requirements for it, organization and content combat training, as well as issues of its comprehensive support;
orders for combat training of commanders-in-chief of types (branches) of troops, commanders of troops of military districts (fleets), commanders (commanders) of formations (formations, units);
orders and instructions for conducting inspections, final checks and control classes;
collections of standards for combat training.
Combat training bodies are:
in the Ministry of Defense - the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
in the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, branches of service, main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense - departments (departments, groups);
in military districts (navies, air force and air defense districts) - directorates;
in armies (flotillas), corps (squadrons, naval bases) - departments;
in compounds - branches.
making a decision on the organization of combat training;
combat training planning;
coordination of the developed documents and their submission for approval;
setting tasks and bringing the necessary planning documents (or extracts from them) to subordinates;
control over the organization and course of combat training, evaluation of its results, promotion of best practices in troop training;
leadership organization.
The improvement of the initial military training of a young soldier is carried out from the day of his arrival in the unit and until the beginning of the training period. At this time, an in-depth medical examination is carried out, vaccinations are made; issuance of uniforms, shoes and their adjustment; the daily routine of the unit, the general duties of military personnel, the military oath and a number of laws are studied; classes are organized on drill and physical training, charters, public-state training and other issues. The program provides for the improvement of initial military training
12 training days (72 hours). The duration of the school day is 6 hours.
The training of young soldiers entering directly into units is carried out with the beginning of the school year or training period (from December 1 and June 1), and, if necessary, as replenishment and recruitment of platoons arrive.
Training of young soldiers is carried out as part of consolidated units on a unit scale for 23 training days. During this period, all military personnel are engaged in the program of a motorized rifle soldier and complete their training by performing the initial exercise from a machine gun and, then, take the military oath.
As a result of the training, by the time of departure to the unit, according to their official assignment, young soldiers should be able to: act tactically competently in combined arms combat, hit stationary and emerging targets from a machine gun from a place, use means of protection and the protective properties of the terrain and structures, perform the duties of a company orderly , as well as drill techniques without weapons and with weapons on the move and in place.
The unit commander is allowed to specify the duration and content of the training of young soldiers, based on the timing of their arrival.
The training of personnel and coordination of subunits is organized in accordance with the combat training program.
The combat training program was developed for an academic year lasting 10 months with two periods of training - winter and summer - according to
5 months each and with two preparatory periods (May and November).
Combat training is allocated:
for full-strength units with a staffing of 50% or more of the peacetime staff - 16 training days per month;
for reduced and full strength units with staffing less than 50% of the peacetime staff -
8 training days per month.
The duration of the school day is 6 hours, the school hour is 50 minutes. When conducting battalion field trips, trips to training grounds and other activities related to going out into the field (exercises, shooting, driving), the duration of the training day is not regulated.
Training of personnel and coordination of units from the squad (crew) to the battalion is carried out during:
- 10 months - for units staffed only by military personnel under the contract, or mixed recruitment (under the contract and conscription), provided that the unit is staffed by military personnel under the contract by 50% or more, while 1.5 months are allotted for coordinating the squad (crew), platoon - 2 months, companies - 3.5 months, battalions - 2 months;
- 5 months - for units staffed only with conscripts, or mixed recruitment, provided that the unit is staffed with conscripts by more than 50%, while 1 month is allotted for coordinating the squad (crew), 1 month for the platoon, 1 company, 5 months, battalion - 1 month.
In reduced strength units, as well as in full strength units with a staffing of less than 50% of the peacetime staff, improvement of individual training and coordination of the squad (crew) and platoon are carried out every 5 months.
At the beginning of each training period, joint actions of all personnel in full-time combat alert units are practiced. In the future, training in such actions is carried out throughout the academic year according to the plan of the unit commander.
During the preparation of units, their coordination is carried out, the basis of which is field training - tactical and fire training, driving combat vehicles.
Combat training of units of units of full and reduced strength is organized and carried out in the form of a battalion going to training grounds (classes at a field training base) to work out field training issues, actions in armament and equipment with mandatory development of the prescribed standards and exercises at the base as part of companies.
Exits to the range are planned monthly, sequentially for each battalion. A tank battalion of a motorized rifle regiment (a motorized rifle battalion of a tank regiment) leaves simultaneously with one of the motorized rifle (tank) battalions. If the unit is stationed near the training ground, then the battalion is engaged in a field training base according to the plan for entering the training ground, being located at the point of permanent deployment. When entering the training ground, the personnel of the battalion are exempted from carrying out guard, internal services and performing chores in the unit.
There are options for going to the landfill lasting 3-4 days. In all cases, the number of exits for subunits, their duration is determined by the unit commander, based on the conditions and capabilities of the training ground for organizing combat training.
All classes are organized on a company (battalion) scale, officers of the battalion administration, regiment headquarters, heads of military branches and services are involved in their conduct.
When training personnel, the prescribed standards are necessarily worked out, the quality of which determines the level of training of personnel and units. The number and numbers of standards being worked out are determined by the company commander when drawing up the schedule of classes for the week. During the academic year, all the standards established by the training program must be worked out.
In order to train personnel for operations at night, at least 30% of all field exercises should be conducted at night.
In addition, in units of the full strength, in order to coordinate subunits before the first battalion or regimental (brigade) tactical exercises, a battalion field trip lasting 5-6 days is planned, during which tactical drill (tactical) exercises, shooting, driving and targeted training are carried out units, taking into account the content of the topic of the upcoming tactical exercise. The battalion subunits enter the field exit in full force on regular military equipment with the involvement of attached and supporting units.
Training and coordination of subunits are carried out based on the ultimate goal of performing a combat mission as part of a subunit. For high-quality training of military personnel in actions in modern combat, classes and exercises should be carried out without concessions and simplifications.
All personnel of the unit must be present at training sessions and exercises. With soldiers and sergeants released from field training due to illness, classes are organized in the classroom by the decision of the company commander.
In order to consolidate and maintain at the proper level, as well as to restore the lost and improve the accumulated knowledge, skills and abilities in the specialty, bringing them to automatism, individual training sessions are held with contract servicemen.
Individual training is carried out through targeted classes and training. 1-2 training days per month are allotted for it, which are not related to activities that require actions as part of the unit, battalion field exits, putting equipment into storage and other activities. If necessary, by the decision of the regiment commander, individual training can be carried out outside training hours.
In total, 120 hours are allotted for individual training, of which 84 hours according to the program and 36 hours according to the plan of the subunit (unit) commander.
For individual training classes, study groups are created in the specialty (subjects of study) and leaders of the classes are appointed, an educational and material base (including training equipment), military equipment and ammunition are allocated within the limits of the issued norms. Classes should be practical in nature and carried out mainly by the method of training, group exercises and practical work.
Control over the course of combat training includes checking the fulfillment of the plan and program, the coverage of personnel by training, checking the organization and methods of conducting classes and exercises, the level of training of personnel and the coordination of units, as well as the training of training leaders.
In order to increase the responsibility of officers for the quality of training of trainees, as well as to check the degree of fulfillment of combat training tasks, control exercises are periodically held. They can be carried out both on the entire content of the worked out topic or lesson, and on individual issues. Control classes, as a rule, are combined with planned classes of units. In addition, they are held at the end of the coordination periods. Control exercises are carried out: with a platoon - the company commander, with the company - the battalion commander. Shortcomings revealed in the course of control in individual servicemen must be eliminated in the course of independent training.
The transfer of equipment and weapons in the troops to the seasonal operation mode is carried out in May-June and October, for which up to 10 working (training) days are allocated during the training period. Depending on the climatic conditions and the tasks to be performed, priority work on the transfer to the summer mode of operation may also be carried out in April during park and park maintenance days.
Combat training planning consists in the collective work of commanders (chiefs) and staffs to determine and coordinate combat training activities at the place and time and to ensure its comprehensive support, with a graphical display of the most optimal system for sequential training of personnel, coordination of troops, command and control agencies, for the conduct of hostilities in various conditions of the situation, the study of standard weapons, military and special equipment, methods of using them in combat.
The basis for planning combat training is the decision to organize combat training. Planning should be real, simple, visual and provide: an integrated approach to solving combat training tasks; maximum use of educational and training facilities and high intensification of classes; using the experience of wars and armed conflicts, the achievements of domestic science and technology, best practices in organizing and conducting classes and exercises.
Planning documents should be convenient for everyday use as a working document. When developing plans, all activities are mutually linked and coordinated with each other, their uniform implementation is envisaged throughout the entire academic year. The number of planned events and exercises, as well as their sequence, should be based on the level of training of the troops and the actual availability of time.
In a formation (military unit), planning begins upon receipt of the combat training guidance documents within the time limits established by the commander (commander, chief), and must be completed no later than
November 10 (15), respectively.
Plans for the preparation of formations, military units, divisions and military commissariats are approved:
connections - until November 10;
military units, military commissariats of districts (cities without district division) and their equals - until November 15;
battalions and their equals - until November 20;
Class schedules in companies (batteries) are approved and communicated to personnel by November 25.
preparation plan;
order "On the organization of combat training, internal and guard services for the year 0000 (training period)";
plan-calendar of the main events for the month;
a consolidated schedule of classes for a month (for a week);
schedule of classes for commander training with training groups of officers, ensigns (warrant officers).
I. Combat and mobilization readiness:
1. Mobilization preparation:
according to the plan of the senior chief;
according to the plan of the commander of the formation (military unit).
according to the plan of the senior chief;
according to the plan of the unit commander (military unit):
personnel training;
preparation of governing bodies;
preparation of units (subdivisions).
1. Ensuring combat duty.
2. Measures to guide the preparation.
3. Activities to ensure training.
4. Work in military units and divisions.
5. Work with personnel.
6. Restoration and repair of weapons and military equipment.
7. Capital construction, repair and redeployment of military units and divisions.
8. Other activities.
IV. Procedure and terms of reporting.
Applications are being developed for the plan:
a list of topics, their content, the distribution of reinforcements and the consumption of motor resources for tactical (tactical-special), command and staff exercises and training;
schedule for the allocation of training facilities for training activities;
the list and terms of holding competitions, competitions, contests;
calculation of the allocation of motor resources and ammunition for training;
plan of inspections of military units, departments and connection services.
the composition of training groups and the calculation of hours for command training of officers and ensigns;
calculation of hours for independent training of officers and ensigns;
a list of topics, their content, the distribution of reinforcements and the consumption of motor resources for tactical (tactical-special) exercises and training;
a list of gatherings of specialists and the timing of their holding;
the list and terms of holding competitions, reviews-competitions;
the list and timing of sporting events;
calculation of the allocation of motor resources for training;
calculation of the allocation of ammunition for training;
calculation of the provision of measures for the preparation of fuel and lubricants.
organize combat training in the company, draw up a weekly schedule of classes, conduct classes with officers, ensigns and sergeants, as well as with company personnel;
test the knowledge and practical skills of soldiers, sergeants and officers;
weekly summarize the state of combat training;
check the preparation of weapons and military equipment of the company before each exit to exercises or classes, as well as their availability upon returning from exercises or classes;
take measures to prevent disasters, accidents and breakdowns of weapons and military equipment, ensure that personnel comply with safety requirements during training, firing, exercises and work.
Then these commanders report to senior commanders on the readiness of leaders and subunits for classes on the next day.
The platoon commander personally trains and educates subordinates. He is obliged:
conduct combat training sessions with platoon personnel and monitor the correct training of soldiers by squad leaders;
check the preparation of weapons and military equipment for the exit to each exercise or lesson, as well as their availability and condition upon returning from the exercise or lesson;
ensure compliance with safety requirements in the classroom, shooting, exercises and when working with weapons and military equipment;
keep records of the combat training of the platoon.
The basis for planning in the battalion and company is the decision of the unit commander to organize combat training. To accomplish this, the following principles must be observed: the organic unity of training and education of personnel, methodological consistency in training; ensuring constant combat and mobilization readiness, field training and subordination of all subjects of training to tactical (tactical-special) training; maximum approximation of combat training to the real situation; consistency in the training of personnel in terms of tasks, subjects, terms of training with the activities that determine the daily activities of units; reality and efficiency of planning; skillful and effective use of study time and educational material and technical base. Compliance with these principles makes it possible to develop well-thought-out plans that contribute to the qualitative solution of combat training issues.
When planning combat training, the following are developed:
in the battalion - a combat training plan for the period of training with a thematic calculation of hours;
in the company - the schedule of classes for the week.
In addition to the plan for the period of training, the battalion develops a plan-calendar of the main events for the month, in which additional events are determined. The content of the plans and annexes to them is set out in the Information Bulletin on the Exchange of Experience in Combat Training of the Ground Forces No. 1 for 1989, and versions of these documents are presented.
The main planning document in the company is the schedule of classes for the week. As a rule, on Thursday of the current week, under the guidance of the battalion commander, company commanders personally draw up this schedule.
The battalion commander at the set time gives instructions on planning combat training for the next week. To receive the task, the commanders of companies and individual platoons arrive with combat training programs, workbooks and blank forms of class schedules. The battalion commander sums up the results of combat training, points out the positive aspects and shortcomings, notes those who distinguished themselves and lagged behind over the past week. Then he sets tasks for the main subjects of training for the next week, indicating with which categories of officers, ensigns and sergeants and on what days and hours command classes and test firing will be held.
Unit commanders, based on the instructions of the battalion commander and the calculation of hours for the subjects of training for the week, draw up a schedule of classes.
In addition, the initial data for scheduling classes are:
an extract from the battalion's combat training plan for the coming week (the topics of classes, the timing of their development and time);
an extract from the schedule for the allocation of objects of educational and material base to units;
schedule of service in the garrison and internal outfit;
schedule of options for physical charging.
In preparation for scheduling classes, the company commander
must:
study an extract from the battalion combat training plan for a given week;
study the content of the topics worked out under the program of combat training of units;
to analyze the degree of assimilation by the personnel of the material covered in each subject of training, as well as the quality of the development of standards for combat training;
provide for the integration of training subjects, especially tactical and fire training, driving, as well as the incidental use of training facilities.
Subsequently, the company commander fills out the columns of the company schedule in the form.
The columns indicate:
the specific time of the lesson;
the position of the head;
means of material support allocated for classes;
manuals and manuals indicating articles or pages.
Self-training in the schedule is determined only by time, since its content is determined by platoon commanders.
Classes in the section "Commander, instructor-methodical exercises with sergeants" should precede the corresponding exercises with units. It is important to take into account that the training of sergeants is planned at a time when they are free from classes as part of departments or do not act as class leaders, i.e. when other officials can conduct classes with personnel.
When planning, the company commander must be creative, taking into account the requirements for field training, the level of training of personnel and the local conditions in which training is conducted. There can be no template in the activities of a company commander when drawing up a schedule. The sequence of his work in this matter may be different. It depends on his work experience, knowledge of his subordinates and other factors.
The schedule of classes is approved by the battalion commander no later than Friday of each week. Before its approval, the company commander presents it to the chief of staff, who checks the correctness of the planning of all classes and other activities. It determines the completeness of inclusion in the schedule of all topics, the number of hours for their development, indicating leaders and training places. On Friday, company schedules are posted in a conspicuous place so that all personnel can familiarize themselves with them. Worked schedules are stored throughout the academic year as a reporting document for the implementation of the combat training program.
Each unit commander keeps records of the results of combat training, in a platoon - individually and for squads; in a company - for squads (crews), platoons and company sergeants; at the battalion headquarters - for companies, separate units and officers of the battalion. Accounting should be objective, high-quality, timely and regular.
The main document for accounting for combat training in a company is the journal for recording the company's combat training for the academic year. It is conducted personally by the company commander and kept in the company office for a year.
The logbook of combat training of the company consists of ten sections:
Logging rules.
Accounting for worked out topics on subjects of study. A certain number of pages are allocated for each subject, records are kept weekly for each platoon and for the company as a whole.
Accounting for the results of firing practice. Accounting is kept for each platoon, depending on the category, on the type of weapon, the number of the exercise performed, and for the company as a whole.
Accounting for the results of driving combat vehicles. The account is similar.
Accounting for the experience of practical driving cars (tanks). Accounting is kept on an individual basis for each serviceman and for all driving lessons on an accrual basis. This section also takes into account various hauls of equipment, as well as driving during exercises and in other classes.
Accounting for excellent students in combat training. In this section, the names of military personnel are recorded - excellent students of combat training, noted in the order in parts.
Accounting for class specialists and the prospect of their training during the period of study. Records are kept for each serviceman who has a class rating or plans to have it by the end of the academic year.
Accounting for the delivery of standards of the military sports complex. Accounting is kept for each serviceman, in the numerator - the result shown, in the denominator - the date of delivery, and before the fraction - the uniform: "C" - sports, "B" - military.
Accounting for commander's and instructor-methodical exercises with sergeants. A certain number of pages are allocated for each subject, records are kept individually for each sergeant.
Remarks and instructions of senior chiefs. After checking the lessons in the company, the inspector in this section writes down comments and recommendations on the checked lessons.
The platoon combat training register consists of six sections:
Logging rules.
Name list of personnel. It is compiled according to the platoon's staffing and includes personal data for each serviceman, necessary for the commander to conduct individual educational work.
Accounting for class attendance, academic performance and worked out topics (standards) for subjects of study. For each subject of study, the number of sheets necessary to enter into it all the classes (exercises, shooting, training) in this subject is allotted. The same section takes into account the fulfillment of standards and the time of work of each serviceman on equipment. On the left, a platoon list is glued, indicating the position, military rank, surname and initials. For each lesson, the leader gives individual marks to all the interviewed (verified) servicemen, and at the end of the topic, each soldier (sergeant) displays the final mark on the topic passed. The final grades are entered in the next free column, and the grade for each squad (crew) and for the entire platoon is determined from them.
Accounting for the results of firing exercises. This section takes into account marks both for all shooting and for work in training places during exercises and in fire training.
Accounting for the results of performing exercises on driving cars. This section takes into account the marks for all exercises performed in general and separately for speed and for driving technique and other data necessary to analyze the quality of the trainee's preparation for this exercise.
Notes from senior leaders. After checking the lessons in the platoon, the inspector in this section writes down comments and recommendations on the checked lessons.
1.4. Forms and methods of organizing and conducting classes
for combat training
The form of education is the organizational side of the educational process. It depends on the goal, the composition of the trainees and determines the structure of the lesson, the place and duration of working out training issues, the role and specifics of the activities of the leader, his assistant and trainees, the use of elements of the educational material and technical base, training and combat equipment.
Forms of training are divided into general and specific.
General forms of education can be classified according to the following criteria: according to the orientation of training - into theoretical and practical;
on the organization of trainees - on the collective, group, individual;
at the venue - in the classroom and field;
at the place in the official process - for educational-planned, service-planned, out-of-service.
Service-planned forms of training are implemented on park maintenance (park) days and days of routine maintenance, during scheduled safety briefings, special briefings and meetings.
Out-of-service (extracurricular) - when organizing classes in technical circles, at conferences, various kinds of competitions, competitions, etc.
The main forms of education are:
lecture;
seminar;
conversation (story-conversation);
class-group lesson;
self-preparation;
ostentatious occupation;
briefing (instructive lesson);
training (exercise), staff training, command-staff training;
tactical flight;
group exercise;
tactical drill;
loss (situational loss) of actions;
tactical (tactical-special) occupation;
instructor-methodical lesson;
complex training, complex occupation;
field trip, field exit;
command and staff exercises, tactical (tactical-special) exercises;
combat training launch;
control lesson (test lesson);
competition (competition).
Training methods are the methods and methods by which the transfer and assimilation of knowledge is achieved, the formation of skills and abilities, the development of high morale and combat qualities of personnel, the coordination (combat coordination) of crews, crews, subunits, military units, formations and their bodies is ensured management (headquarters).
The following training methods are used in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in various combinations:
oral presentation of educational material;
discussion of the studied material;
show (demonstration);
exercise;
practical work (in the field, at sea, in the air, in parks, at starting positions, at airfields);
self preparation.
Each form and method of training and education corresponds to different types of classes. They depend on the subject of training, goals, educational issues, the category of trainees, educational and methodological support and material support.
In addition to these forms and methods, others can be applied, according to which methods for their use have been developed and are available. The choice of the form and method of training depends on the level of training of the personnel, the topic and purpose of the lesson, the availability and condition of the educational material and technical base.
1.5. Organization and conduct of the lesson
for combat training
The practice of combat training shows that the quality and methodological level of training, the effectiveness of personnel training depend on the leader's ability to properly prepare for it.
Lesson preparation includes:
personal training of the leader;
preparation of material support and venue for the lesson;
preparation for the occupation of sergeants as assistants to the leader of the lesson or leaders in training places;
preparation for the lesson of trainees;
control of the readiness of the lesson.
The first goal is what new things should learn and what subordinates should learn in the lesson. The second is what skills and abilities acquired in the upcoming classes to improve. These goals are determined from the tasks of training and methodological instructions available for each subject of training in the combat training program of subunits. The third goal is educational - aimed at developing moral and psychological qualities in subordinates.
In accordance with the topic, the purpose of the lesson and its content, the leader selects manuals and manuals and proceeds to study them. Manuals include charters, service manuals, manuals, instructions, directives and orders for combat training, as well as other documents approved by senior commanders. Benefits are: textbooks, teaching aids, various bulletins, collections, articles and other materials that develop, substantiate and explain the recommendations of the statutes, manuals and instructions.
After understanding the content of the lesson (its volume, the content of each educational issue and the objectives of the lesson), the leader selects the literature indicated in the schedule and other sources that answer the questions and that should be studied (worked out). It is advisable to select the necessary examples from the experience of the teachings of the Great Patriotic War, local wars and training practice of troops, interesting moments from military memoirs.
After that, it is necessary to study the guiding documents on combat training and sections of the program, in accordance with which the lesson will be conducted.
The next stage of work should be the study of the manuals, and first of all, the statutory provisions related to the topic of the lesson.
So, to conduct a tactical training session, it is necessary to study the organization and armament of units of foreign armies. It is advisable to write out individual provisions in the lesson plan or in annexes to it. Particular attention should be paid to the order of compliance with the standards, their time parameters and estimated indicators.
Each lesson is divided into introductory (introductory), main and final parts. In the introductory part, the leader announces the topic, educational and educational goals, educational questions and the time for their development, conducts a brief survey of students on previously covered material, links it with the upcoming lesson and reminds (brings) safety requirements. The introductory part should not exceed 3-5 minutes.
In the main part of the lesson, educational issues and actions of the leader and trainees in the course of their development are revealed.
In the final part of the lesson, which should not exceed 5 minutes in time, the leader sums up the results of the lesson, recalls the topic and goals of the lesson and how they were achieved, notes the positive aspects and shortcomings in the preparation of students, announces grades and sets tasks for self-study.
Thus, the commander of the unit (platoon, company) draws up a plan-outline or plan, which is a working document for the lesson.
The plan-outline of the lesson is the most common and rational type of working document of the leader. This document defines the organization of all activities of the trainee and trainees during the lesson. The most typical variants of plans are presented in the appendix to this textbook.
Methods of bringing the educational material are determined by sub-questions, techniques and actions. At the same time, it is indicated what and how is explained, what and how is shown, in what and how trainees exercise, what and how is served. It also outlines the procedure for the transition from working out one educational issue (sub-question, technique and method of bringing them to the trainees) to another. It is advisable to provide ways to eliminate possible errors trainees. This will allow the leader to quickly influence the course of the lesson, to achieve a better assimilation of the studied material (procedure).
The column "Actions of trainees" sets out: expected actions of trainees, options for possible decisions, reports, answers, reference material on the content of the lesson; methods of mastering the material by trainees.
Each leader can draw up a plan-outline in another form convenient for him, but in all cases it must indicate: training questions, the time for their development, the content of the educational material with the necessary information, the actions of the leader and the actions of the trainees.
The main requirement for the outline plan (plan) of the lesson is its visibility and ease of use, therefore, it is necessary to approach their compilation creatively, avoid simply rewriting them from teaching aids or from your comrades.
Completing the preparation for classes, the company commander organizes the inspection and maintenance of standard weapons and military equipment, if any, checks personal protective equipment, flags, pointers, portable radio stations and other equipment necessary for the lesson.
Before leaving for classes, the unit commander checks the availability and equipment of personnel, weapons, logistics, as well as the knowledge of the trainees of safety requirements.
The units are brought to the exercises in full force with standard weapons and the necessary amount of equipment to ensure high-quality training of training issues and, of course, with reinforcements. For a battalion tactical exercise with live firing, the battalion is withdrawn entirely on a regular materiel with the involvement of attached and supporting units.
During the period of preparation for a company tactical exercise, the company commander must carry out a number of important measures and give instructions to his subordinates.
Chapter2. Moral and psychological
ensuring combat activities
troops (forces)
In the course of giving the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation a new modern look, among the most important issues requiring priority attention is the comprehensive support of the troops (forces), including their moral and psychological support (MPO).
The relevance of practical tasks for the organization of MPS of troops is determined by the general theoretical, social, applied interests and needs of society, the state and the army, which have their dominant influence on the development of research on the system of MPS of troops, as well as the practice and technology of making appropriate decisions.
The organization of MPO as one of the most important social processes taking place in the troops, and its sociological analysis serves as a starting point in solving the problem of application to the problems of MPO of the RF Armed Forces.
To date, in accordance with the guiding statutory documents, moral and psychological support as an independent type of support for the RF Armed Forces is a set of actions coordinated in terms of goals, tasks, directions, place, time, sequence, forces and means involved, carried out by military command and control bodies and officials for the formation, maintenance and restoration of a high morale and psychological state among the personnel and other qualities that ensure the unconditional fulfillment of the assigned tasks in any conditions of the situation.
An important tool for the moral and psychological support of servicemen is the system of sociological support for decisions taken by the country's leadership and the Russian Ministry of Defense in the military social sphere.
The data and recommendations obtained by military sociologists make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the activities of military command and control bodies, to find out public opinion and evaluate the moral and psychological state of military personnel, as well as to arm commanders and educator officers modern techniques military education and prevention of antisocial phenomena in military collectives.
Military service in peacetime and wartime places high demands on the spiritual, moral, psychological and physical qualities of servicemen. Even in the era of highly developed technology and weapons the main role in war belongs to man.
Most modern weapons cannot compensate for the poor training of military personnel. The most precise organization of combat operations turns out to be ineffective if the soldiers, due to their physical and psychological state, cannot participate in combat operations. There is nothing more important for combat readiness than the attitude of military personnel to their duty, their fighting spirit and behavior on the battlefield. Therefore, it is very important to prepare a soldier for combat operations, to develop his psychological stability and readiness to fight, to bring the morale of the troops and the behavior of military personnel in line with modern requirements.
The course and final outcome of a modern war will largely depend on the moral and psychological state of the personnel, their ability to endure the many times multiplied military hardships, overcome fear in battle and, in spite of everything, maintain the will to win. The solution to these problems is psychological preparation.
