Athletes participants in World War II 1941 1945. Sports during the Great Patriotic War

Cherkesova Veronika

The research work tells about the exploits of athletes participating in the Great Patriotic War.

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Municipal educational institution gymnasium No. 9

Physical Culture

Research

Topic: Athletes - participants of the Great Patriotic War

Cherkesova Veronika Andreevna,

7 "B" class

Supervisor:

Dunnikova Olga Sergeevna,

physical culture teacher.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur

2016

Introduction page 3 - 4

Chapter 1. TRP - ready for work and defense p. 5 - 7

Chapter 2. Athletes in the war years pp. 8 - 10

Chapter 3. Weightlifter Evgeny Lopatin - life and destiny pp. 11 - 14

Conclusion pages 15 - 16

References page 17

Application Presentation http://cpod.ippk.ru/users/files/download2797.html

Introduction

For research work I chose the topic of athletes - participants in the Great Patriotic War not by chance. Especially now, on the eve of the 71st anniversary of the Victory, the problem of perpetuating and preserving the memory of the soldiers-athletes - participants in the Great Patriotic War is relevant and has practical significance.

During the Great Patriotic War, athletes were among the first to join the Red Army, and their successes and achievements were often on the verge of a feat. All activities of sports societies were aimed at educating athletes and all young people of high physical endurance, strength, dexterity, courage, determination, fearlessness, that is, all those qualities that were necessary to defeat the enemy. From the athletes, reconnaissance, fighter detachments and assault groups were created, which were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions.

During the Great Patriotic War against Nazi Germany, athletes changed sports equipment on military weapon and steadfastly and courageously fought against the invaders. Today we all need to remember this.

What is the novelty of the topic of athletes for me? A lot of books and articles have been written, many feature films and documentaries have been shot about the participants in the war, about its heroes, but I didn’t know anything about the fact that many of them were athletes until my physical education teacher suggested exploring the topic of athletes participating in the Great Patriotic War. war.

The purpose of the work: to collect information on this topic so that everyone learns about the courage and heroism during the Great Patriotic War, soldiers - athletes who defended our Motherland not only on sports arenas in times of peace, but also in difficult times of war.

Research objectives:

1. Study the literature on this topic.
2. Find and submit for review a list of athletes, their activities and exploits during the Great Patriotic War.
3. Save the memory ofmilitary glory of Russia and its heroes.

The hypothesis of this study is that if you systematize the information received, you can create a database of athletes - participants in the war, which will be of informational value for students, teachers and other people.

The main research methods are the study of the literature on this study, the generalization and systematization of the material on this topic.

I think that my research work will help to look at the role of sport in human life from a different perspective, how it helped athletes adapt to difficulties and hardships in wartime, when it was necessary to show courage, determination, selflessness.

Chapter 1

The fact that Nazi Germany on June 22, 1941. attacked our country, many athletes learned on their sports base in Kavgolovo, where they were preparing for the All-Union parade of athletes on Red Square in Moscow. And on the same day, hundreds of students and teachers filed applications with a request to send them to the army. And then the athletes were given a special task: to form partisan detachments for operations behind enemy lines.

In this regard, in the work of physical culture organizations, mass military-physical training of army reserves has acquired paramount importance. The education among athletes and all Soviet youth of high physical endurance, strength, dexterity, courage, determination, fearlessness and other qualities necessary for soldiers has become the main content physical education and sports-mass work. TO military physical training physical culture organizations started from the first days of the war. Sports instructors, coaches, teachers of physical education and physical culture activists began to carry out physical training for conscripts, personnel of the Osoaviakhim units, sanitary teams of the Red Cross, extermination battalions, working units and the people's militia.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were 606 physical education teams, 166 full-time sports workers and 305 community members. Sports military organizations numbered 35 thousand athletes. AND sport life did not die out, it was completely subordinated to the interests of the front. The call "Everything for the front, everything for the Victory" was the main incentive.

From the autumn of 1941 a significant place in the work was occupied by the provision of military ski training for future soldiers. This served well. As soon as the first military winter came, skis were widely used. The ski battalions outran and surrounded the enemy, set up fire ambushes on the roads of his retreat, cut off his most important communications, and made desperate pursuit raids.

The skiers showed great courage in defending the country. Possessing great maneuverability, operating off the roads and appearing unexpectedly in the rear or on the flanks of the enemy, they brought panic and confusion into his ranks. From fighters - skiers were formed special units air - landing troops, reconnaissance companies, detachments and groups of demolition workers, tank destroyers and other special forces. Acting as part of special detachments of people's avengers, using the high art of skiing and other military-applied skills, they delivered sensitive blows to the fascist invaders. In the first year of the war alone, partisan skiers destroyed about three thousand enemy soldiers and officers, blew up 87 railway bridges, derailed more than 1,000 wagons with enemy troops and military supplies, and carried out 24 attacks on fascist airfields. The enemy called the volatile, elusive, terrible by their striking force detachments of skiers - "skiing death."

In the prewar and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by a resolution of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO complex (Ready for Labor and Defense) became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote health and comprehensive physical development Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and the defense of the Motherland.

In the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badges. In the process of preparing for passing the standards of the complex, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, stocked up with the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in labor and military life. For example, in 1939, the standards of the TRP complex included such types of tests as crawling in a plastunsky way, first aid, shooting from a small-caliber rifle, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and offensive techniques various martial arts. The passage of these peaceful tests of the TRP complex made it easier for its badges on the most difficult military path to victory over fascism. In 1942, additional standards were introduced into it: knowledge of topography, the ability to throw a grenade from different positions, etc.

During the war years, 143 thousand badges of the TRP complex, 210 thousand skiers, 50 thousand fighters were trained hand-to-hand combat, over a thousand shooters - motor drivers. Half-starved, exhausted by work, they came to the stadiums, Sport halls, to ski stations workers and teenagers. They understood that this was necessary in the name of victory.

Well, the Hero said about this. Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous athlete Nikolai Kopylov: “If I weren’t an athlete, a TRP badge, I would hardly have reached Berlin!” These words of the illustrious warrior will surely be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

Chapter 2

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight against fascism. Athletes could not stand aside either. Physical culture and sports organizations directed all their resources to the training of combat replacements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. After careful selection, volunteers deemed fit for service deep behind enemy lines were immediately reduced to units. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. In their statements, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or to the deep rear of the enemy.

More than 800 athletes joined OMSBON. Among them are honored masters and masters of sports, coaches, champions of the USSR, Europe and the world - athletes brothers Serafim and Georgy Znamensky, speed skater Anatoly Kapchinsky, boxers Nikolai Korolev and Igor Miklashevsky, wrestler Grigory Pylnov, skier Lyubov Kulakova, rower Alexander Dolgushin. The players of the Minsk football team"Dynamo", 350 students and teachers of the Central State Institute of Physical Culture, students of Moscow institutes. More than 300 women have joined OMSBON. They became scouts, radio operators, nurses.

Many athletes were active helpers experienced commanders-border guards in the combat and physical training of Omsbon troops - they trained miners, scouts, snipers, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, paratroopers.

Physical education and sports helped to overcome hardships and hardships, taught courage and perseverance, tempered the will and character, helped to fight and win. The most important operations, requiring endurance and physical strength, courage and strong-willed qualities, were assigned by the commanders to athletes.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, selflessness, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.

For the valor and courage shown in the battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.

More than a thousand soldiers and officers of the OMSBON brigade were killed during the performance of tasks and in battles. The survivors became workers, collective farmers, scientists, business leaders, journalists, and writers. And they found the strength to go in for sports, become coaches, train a whole galaxy of famous athletes.

Among athletes - front-line soldiers - famous champions and champions: speed skater Yakov Melnikov, football player Vladimir Savdunin, wrestlers Grigory Kurdov, Alexei Stolyarov and many others.

Multiple USSR boxing champion Nikolai Korolev, participated in many combat operations of the OMSBON detachment and twice saved the life of the commander, taking him out of the battlefield.

The national rowing champion Alexander Dolgushin in the first days of the war changed the sports "Scythian" to sniper rifle and was appointed assistant company commander of the OMSBON detachment.

The group of boxer Boris Galushkin, in which athletes Sergei Shcherbakov, Alexei Andreev, Viktor Pravdin and Ivan Golovenkov fought, carried out combat missions behind enemy lines. It was necessary to transport a wounded fighter from the partisan detachment across the front line. Athletes carried the wounded in their arms along forest paths and viscous swamps for 18 days, one hundred and twenty kilometers were covered. For military merit, the detachment commander Boris Galushkin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Moscow motorcyclist Vladimir Korneev served in the motorized infantry unit that defended Stalingrad. In one day, the athlete made 400-kilometer trips along front-line impassability. His car has always worked like clockwork.

A young athlete, Mikhail Kuznetsov, mined explosives for his squad in German minefields. Being seriously wounded during this dangerous operation, he allowed his comrades to leave with precious tol, and he himself, bleeding, fired back, walked 47 kilometers and returned to the detachment.

It is impossible to name everyone who glorified them with their records and achievements. soviet sport, was an example for youth in peacetime and who gave his life for his homeland when mortal danger hung over her. The exploits of athletes - how many there were!

I want to tell you about one of these athletes, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, about Evgeny Ivanovich Lopatin - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR in weightlifting, silver medalist of the XV Olympic Games in Helsinki (1952), European champion in 1950 and 1952, four-time USSR champion in weightlifting (1947, 1948, 1950, 1952), Honored Coach of the RSFSR. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I and II degree, the Red Star and 22 medals.

Chapter 3

Lopatin Evgeny Ivanovichwas born on December 26, 1917 in Balashov, Saratov Region. In 1921 his father died of cholera, in 1927 the family moved toSaratov , where Evgeny graduated from the Saratov Polytechnic College of the Ryazan-Ural Railway and received the title of "electrician of the first category". In 1937 he entered the Leningrad Textile Institute, but after two weeks he dropped out and returned to Saratov, where he was admitted to the Institute of Agricultural Mechanization named after. M.I. Kalinin.

At the end of 1937, Ye Lopatin attended a meeting with the author of the firstUSSR textbook on weightlifting Nikolai Ivanovich Luchkin, and decided to take up this sport.

Already in March 1938, he became the regional champion in featherweight, and a year later he fulfilled the norm of a master of sports in weight up to 60 kg. In May 1940, as part of the Saratov region team, he participated in the USSR personal and team championship inMinsk , where he took only 9th place.

In the summer of 1940, Evgeny Lopatin, with his wife and son Sergei, moved toLeningrad where he entered and almost immediately entered the city's weightlifting team.

In pre-war Leningrad, weightlifter Lopatin was highly regarded. Champion of the city, master of sports. He was predicted to win the championship of the USSR in 1941, but the war prevented him from winning it.

He lived with his family opposite the Badaevsky food warehouses, from where the whole of Leningrad was supplied with food. Hundreds of thousands of tons were stored there. The Nazis were well aware of this. Warehouses they began to bomb the first thing. Lopatin forever remembered the smell of burning sugar, which in the morning flowed out into the street like a river.

Since the beginning Great Patriotic War was drafted into the 2nd Leningrad Rifle and Machine Gun Infantry School. After establishingblockade of Leningrad the school was taken to the cityGlazov in Udmurtia (the wife and both sons of Evgeny remained in Leningrad, the youngest son died soon after). In the spring of 1942, immediately after graduating from college, company commanders were taken to courses. Upon completion of the course in August 1942, he was sent toStalingrad Front , as commander of a company of anti-tank rifles, with the rank of lieutenant. He fought in the 120th Infantry Division of the 66th Army.

From the memoirs of E. Lopatin:« There is no need to describe these hardest fights. In my company of a hundred people, seventeen survived after the first battle.». The PTR weighed 22 kg, and Lopatin often had to carry it alone, so physical strength very useful. On September 11, 1942, in the steppe near the village of Erozovka, the German division of the Wehrmacht broke through to the Volga. Lopatin's company successfully repulsed their attacks - there were seven enemy"tigers".

"And then I was hooked sniper. Four soldiers who were nearby, he killed on the spot, and to me shot his hand. That's the war for me and ended.”

The bullet went right through the bone. The doctors' diagnosis was like a sentence:contracture - limited immobility. The fingers on Lopatin's left hand practically did not straighten. The sad lieutenant wandered around the Saratov hospital until he accidentally saw his wife in the courtyard. Lidia Sergeevna spent a year and a half in besieged Leningrad. Their youngest son, who was born in those days, soon died of starvation, and the eldest, together with his mother, was taken along the "road of life" across Lake Ladoga. They brought me to Saratov, to the hospital.

From the hospital he was seconded to the Kuibyshev military communications school as a teacher of physical training. Some officers did not hide their discontent:« Why did they send a crippled physical education teacher, he can’t do anything» . These conversations reached Lopatin. At the next lesson, overcoming hellish pain, he climbed onto the uneven bars and did a handstand. It is unlikely that anyone present in the hall imagined what it cost him.

He said to himself: Nothing like that and I'll prove it» . He had a goal not just to develop a hand, but to return to weightlifting, to break into the national team. It would be a shame to end in the prime of life sports career. Neither pain nor difficulties frightened. He knew that he just needed to believe in himself and be patient. Life has proven him right. For two years he fought to keep his hand. Two years hard labor daily workouts. Lopatindeveloped a complex special exercises. He constantly squeezed a spring dumbbell, a rubber ball, with half-bent, twisted fingers held the weights. I started with small ones - by a kilogram, and ended up with two pounds. Gradually, the fingers began to revive, mobility returned to them.

In 1944, he tried to participate in local competitions, at the request of local authorities, he was transferred to the post of head coach of the Saratov Dynamo on the barbell.

In 1945, weightlifter Lopatin, dismissed by many, again took to the platform. At the national championships in 1945 and 1946. he was runner-up twice. And a year later, in 1947, he became the champion of the USSR and silver medalist European championship. In 1948 he again became the champion of the USSR, in 1950 - the champion of Europe and the silver medalist of the World Championship. True, the sore hand no, no, yes, and made itself felt. From the memoirs of E. Lopatin: “Sometimes you take hold of the neck, and your fingers cramp. You wait a little, grit your teeth and still lift the bar.”

First for Soviet athletes Olympic Games In 1952, in Helsinki, Lopatin won a silver medal, losing to Hawaiian-American Thomas Kono, the future six-time world champion. But this silver, by God, is more expensive than other gold. No wonder our other illustrious weightlifter - Yakov Kutsenko - called the Lopatin award a triumph of will.

By the way, out of the seven medals that our weightlifting team received in Helsinki, four were brought to it by former front-line soldiers. Ivan Udodov went through a German concentration camp. When our soldiers carried him out, Vanya weighed only 35 kg! Skeleton covered in leather. And seven years later he won the Olympics!

Victor Chukarin, who went through 17 concentration camps and a death barge, weighed 40 kg after the camps. and could not pull himself up more than two times, won 4 gold medals - in the team championship, in the absolute championship, in exercises on horseback, in vault and 2 silver medals- rings, bars, becoming the first Soviet Olympic champion among gymnasts.

Another gymnastGrant Amazaspovich Shahinyan(2 gold, 2 silver) - went to the front as a volunteer, in 1943 he was seriously wounded in the leg. He was able to resume gymnastics only in 1946. Lame Shaginyan not only won that Olympiad... His dismount from a horse entered the international gymnastic terminology as "Shaginyan's turntable".

For Lopatin, the Helsinki Olympics became a swan song in sports. Eugene was injured in his hand and stopped performing. He was 35 years old. But he did not part with the barbell. Switched to coaching with youth in Dynamo, to which he devoted many years.

His most famous student can rightfully be called his son Sergei, the champion of the USSR in 1961 and 1965, the world record holder in lightweight.Sergei set 12 world and 16 all-Union records. Evgeny Ivanovich has something to be proud of - this is the only case in the history of national weightlifting when father and son won gold medals.

Evgeny Ivanovich Lopatin lived for 94 years, died on July 21, 2011. This hero and athlete who,despite participation in the battles, a serious wound and long months in hospitals, he returned to the platform after the war andintroduced invaluable contribution in the development of our sports movement,Soviet school of weightliftingwe must remember.

Conclusion

The Second World War is over. Many outstanding athletes, many of whom did not have time to fully realize their talent in sports arenas, died a heroic death on the fields of the Great Patriotic War. Grigory Pylnov, Anatoly Kapchinsky, Alexander Dolgushin, Lyubov Kulakova, Vladimir Myagkov will forever remain the right flank of our sport. In 1945, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously awarded to the head of the underground Komsomol organization of the city of Ostrov, Claudia Nazarova, who studied at the department before the war. athletics at the school of trainers at the Leningrad Institute of Physical Culture. P.F. Lesgaft.

The Great Patriotic War gave hundreds of examples when excellent physical training and sports helped our fighters successfully complete the most difficult combat missions.

All athletes - participants of the Great Patriotic War and their coaches were awarded high state awards. Many of them, having gone through the war, continued their activities, becoming scientists, heads of various departments, coaches, passing on their knowledge, experience, and love for sports to students.

However, time takes its toll. War veterans have long retired, many are not among us, but those who are alive do not break with sports. They pass on their rich front-line and sports experience to young people, help those who continue and develop sports traditions with their authoritative word.

At the beginning of my research work, I set a goal to find information about the athletes who participated in the Great Patriotic War. Having studied publications in essays, in magazines, I picked up material about front-line athletes, the most interesting to me, who defended our Motherland from fascist invaders and brought our long-awaited victory closer.

The material I collected helped to verify the correctness of my hypothesis: if you systematize the information received, you can create a database of athletes who participated in the war, which will be of informational value for students, teachers and other people.

The practical significance of my work lies in the fact that the collected materials can be used both to perpetuate and preserve the memory of the soldiers-athletes - participants in the Great Patriotic War, and in the patriotic education of students.

Thus, the tasks of the research work are solved, the goal is achieved.

Bibliography

1. V.A. Pashinin "Heroes among us". 2nd ed., add. Moscow, "Physical culture and sport" 1975.
2. L. Kuhn "General history of physical culture and sports." M.1987.
3. L.B. Gorbunov "Champions went to the front". Series "Physical culture and sport" No. 3, 1980 / 160 p.
4. V. Barvinsky, S. Vilinsky "Born by the Olympics". Moscow, 1985.
5. T.V. Kazankina, V.V. Stepanov, M.I. Stepanov " Athletics in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) SPGAFK them. Lesgafta, St. Petersburg 2001. /120 p.
6. http://pomnipro.ru/memorypage62301/biography The site "PomniPro" - a virtual memorial "posts information about people who have passed away.
7. http://www.podvignaroda.ru/?#id=80744813&tab=navDetailManAward Generalized data bank "Feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Development Department information technologies The Ministry of Defense of Russia provides in the public domain full information about military awards for feats during the Great Patriotic War, available in the Russian archives.
8. http://www.sport-express.ru/newspaper/2005-05-10/8_3/ The electronic newspaper of JSC "Sport-Express" publishes information about sports events in Russia and abroad.

Grigory Malinko Multiple champion of the Ukrainian SSR in wrestling, Kharkiv Dynamo fighter Grigory Vasilyevich Malinko began the war as an artilleryman. Already in the first battles, the Ukrainian hero struck fellow soldiers not only with his remarkable strength, endurance, dexterity, but also with extraordinary courage.

Alexander Donskoy On the instructions of the commander of the partisan detachment, taking on the role of a village priest, he hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to know that under the cassock of the "father" was hiding the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting. Donskoy also performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy recorded on his personal account 9 enemy echelons derailed and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Nikolai Korolev “In difficult times, I always recalled classes with a kind word physical culture, sports. Physical education, hardening me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and hardships of partisan life. She helped me become good fighter ohm. I quickly navigated, for example, during combat fights. N.Korolev

Leonid Meshkov One of the legendary Russian swimmers who started swimming in our country. Thirteen-time world record holder. Member of the Great Patriotic War, was a front-line intelligence officer on the Leningrad front. After being wounded, he was retired, but returned to big sport and since 1947 set 5 world records.

Vasily Efremov During the Great Patriotic War, from June 1941 to September 1944, Efremov was an air unit commander, deputy commander and air squadron commander of the 10th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment. Participated in battles on the Southwestern, Stalingrad, 4th Ukrainian and 3rd Belorussian fronts. In the battles for his native Stalingrad, Efremov made 198 sorties, destroyed 5 railway echelons, 15 vehicles with military cargo, 11 aircraft and many other military equipment. During the Battle of Stalingrad, he had to take to the air and fight several times a day.

GTO (Ready for Labor and Defense) The standards of the GTO complex: crawling in a plastunsky way, first aid, shooting from a small-caliber rifle, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and attacking techniques of various martial arts, knowledge of topography, the ability to throw a grenade from different positions

Each athlete stands in battle for several ordinary soldiers, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a difficult military operation is ahead, ”the Hero of the Soviet Union, General of the Army I.E. Petrov said these words, assessing the contribution of soldiers-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight against fascism. Athletes could not stand aside either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what the West now calls "commandos". Athletes learned how to mine road AI railways, shoot without a miss, silently remove sentries. In total for the front line, in 1941-1945. more than 200 operational groups were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.

It is impossible to name all those who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, were an example for young people in peacetime and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger hung over it.

The exploits of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few vivid examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.

Repeated champion of Ukraine in classical wrestling Grigory Malinko during the Great Patriotic War was an artilleryman. Once Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to the village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by extraordinary strength, Malinko manually dragged a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not have imagined that only one person was fighting.

Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military affairs. He, on the instructions of the commander of the partisan detachment, taking on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the "father" the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting is hiding. Donskoy performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy personally recorded 9 derailed enemy echelons and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sports achivments, but for a military feat. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors to attack. Hand-to-hand combat with the enemy soon ensued. In its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!

The honored master of sports in boxing, Nikolai Korolev, also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk more about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 1930s and 1940s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev fought in the ring in a total of 219 fights and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times was absolute champion countries.

Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signs up as a volunteer and fights as part of the OMSBON. Soon he is sent with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.

The partisans gave the Nazis a lot of trouble. “For one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty military operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring”. Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population were formed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation of the Medvedev detachment. The invaders were dealt blow after blow. Here and there, communication was torn, military trains flew downhill, bridges exploded, motorcades and military units were destroyed. Once the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The encircled partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Leaving the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him. Suddenly they ran into the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning strikes, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. Over a kilometer he had to carry the commander until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of the commander. For this feat, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of War. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult times, I always recalled physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, hardening me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and hardships of partisan life. She helped me become a good fighter. I quickly navigated, for example, during combat fights.

It must be said that in the pre-war and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by a resolution of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO complex (Ready for Labor and Defense) became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote the health and all-round physical development of Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and the defense of the Motherland. In the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badges. In the process of preparing for passing the standards of the complex, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, stocked up with the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in labor and military life.

For example, in 1939, the standards of the TRP complex included such types of tests as crawling in a plastunsky way, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and attacking techniques of various martial arts. The passage of these peaceful tests of the TRP complex made it easier for its badges on the most difficult military path to victory over fascism.

The Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous athlete Nikolai Kopylov said well about this: “If I weren’t an athlete, a TRP badge, I would hardly have reached Berlin!”

These words of the illustrious warrior will surely be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

I would like to hope that modern young men and women involved in physical education and sports will become for our army the same strong foundation that the athletes of that time became during the war years.

“Each athlete stands in battle for several ordinary soldiers, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a difficult military operation is ahead,” these words were said by the Hero of the Soviet Union, General of the Army I. E. Petrov, assessing the contribution of soldiers-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight against fascism. Athletes could not stand aside either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what the West now calls "commandos". Athletes learned to mine highway AI railways, to shoot without a miss, to silently shoot sentries. In total for the front line, in 1941-1945. more than 200 operational groups were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.

It is impossible to name all those who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, were an example for young people in peacetime and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger hung over it.

The exploits of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few vivid examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.

Repeated champion of Ukraine in Greco-Roman wrestling Grigory Malinko was an artilleryman during the Great Patriotic War. Once Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to the village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by extraordinary strength, Malinko manually dragged a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not have imagined that only one person was fighting.

Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military affairs. He, on the instructions of the commander of the partisan detachment, taking on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the "father" the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting is hiding. Donskoy performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy personally recorded 9 derailed enemy echelons and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sports achievements, but for military feat. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors to attack. Hand-to-hand combat with the enemy soon ensued. In its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!

The honored master of sports in boxing, Nikolai Korolev, also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk more about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 1930s and 1940s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev fought in the ring in a total of 219 fights and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times he was the absolute champion of the country.

Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signs up as a volunteer and fights as part of the OMSBON. Soon he is sent with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.

The partisans gave the Nazis a lot of trouble. “In one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty military operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring”. Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population were formed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation of the Medvedev detachment. The invaders were dealt blow after blow. Here and there, communication was torn, military trains flew downhill, bridges exploded, motorcades and military units were destroyed. Once the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The encircled partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Leaving the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him. Suddenly they ran into the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning strikes, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. Over a kilometer he had to carry the commander until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of the commander. For this feat, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of War. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult times, I always recalled physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, hardening me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and hardships of partisan life. She helped me become a good fighter. I quickly navigated, for example, during combat fights.

It must be said that in the pre-war and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by a resolution of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO complex (Ready for Labor and Defense) became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote the health and all-round physical development of Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and the defense of the Motherland. In the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badges. In the process of preparing for passing the standards of the complex, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, stocked up with the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in labor and military life.

For example, in 1939, the standards of the TRP complex included such types of tests as crawling in a plastunsky way, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and attacking techniques of various martial arts. The passage of these peaceful tests of the TRP complex made it easier for its badges on the most difficult military path to victory over fascism.

The Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous athlete Nikolai Kopylov said well about this: “If I weren’t an athlete, a TRP badge, I would hardly have reached Berlin!”

These words of the illustrious warrior will surely be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

I would like to hope that modern young men and women involved in physical education and sports will become for our army the same strong foundation that the athletes of that time became during the war years.

Alexander Sashko, Lesozavodsk

"Mythology" of traitors like Suvorov (Rezun), "M Day", "Aquarium", etc. has no right to exist. They are trying to equate the Soviet Union with Hitler's Germany, it is clear that this is an order, it is clear whose. But, here we are talking about warriors-athletes, participants in the Great Patriotic War. Biathlon was initially developed as a military-applied sport. And the footage of the chronicle with fighters in camouflage on skis ... Eternal memory to the heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland. Victory Day is a sacred holiday.

Of course, there is a lot of “mythological” in the History of the War: “Panfilov’s”, Alexander Matrosov, Zoya, Marshal of Victory ... It’s just a real, real feat, most often, it’s not at all “beautiful”, for everyone to see. Here they were embellished and even invented. And 99.99% of real feats remained unknown to posterity, and sometimes deliberately forgotten

He didn’t take them with his bare hands?)) And then, as follows from the film about him, he never talked about the war at all. A real soldier, honor and glory.

In modern armed forces sports training is given special attention. When recruiting candidates for division "A" of the KGB of the USSR, requirements were made for physical fitness, to have the level of "master" in one or two sports, and several sports categories By different types sports. Chess - not taken into account :). Aslambek - you, probably, as a supporter of the Western version of World War II, are ready to recognize the entire history of the Great Patriotic War as myth-making. And, how do you like the example of the actor Smirnov, who personally captured 9 fascists?

)) It's funny about the Queen - in one fell swoop, five with military weapons in their hands with a beating. Fairy tales of the Vienna Woods, of course, but fits into the general ecstatic mythology like clockwork.

By the way www.ruthenia.ru

Olga-Helga, my respect to you without any equivocation!

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, sports life everywhere stopped, and physical culture and sports organizations directed all their resources to preparing combat replacements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. From fighters-athletes, reconnaissance, fighter detachments and assault groups were created, which were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions. For example, the OMSBON - a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes of the NKVD troops of the USSR - included many special detachments, which were entirely or partially formed from athletes. Among the first volunteers at the Dynamo Moscow stadium, where the OMSBON units were recruited, were outstanding Soviet athletes: one of the strongest weightlifters in the world, N. Shatov, wrestlers G. Pylnoe and L. Egorov, boxer N. Korolev, country record holder in hurdling I. Stepanchenok, cyclists F. Tarachkov, N. Denisov, discus throwers A. Isaev and L. Mitropolsky, diver G. Mazurov and others.

In their statements, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or to the deep rear of the enemy.

After careful selection, volunteers deemed fit for service deep behind enemy lines were immediately reduced to units. Most of them were immediately sent to the OMSBON training camps.

Many athletes were active assistants to experienced border guard commanders in the combat and physical training of Omsbon officers - they trained miners, scouts, snipers, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, paratroopers.

In the autumn and winter of 1941/42, OMSBON units, together with the engineering units of the Red Army, under heavy enemy fire and air bombing, created engineering barriers in the Klin - Yamuga - Rogachev - Dmitrov area and in other places on the enemy's path, mined bridges and water pipes under transport communications , laid powerful land mines on the highway, left other "surprises".

The minefield work carried out by the Omsbonites on the outskirts of the capital, and direct participation in the battles with the German troops played important role both in the defense of Moscow and in the defeat of the Nazi invaders on this sector of the front.

For the valor and courage shown in the battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.

In the ranks of the defenders of the world's first socialist state there were many students and teachers of the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Culture, the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P.F. Lesgaft, volunteers from other institutes and technical schools of physical culture and sports societies.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, selflessness, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.

Retired Major General Gridnev V. V.,
former OMSBON commander

A memorial to Leningrad athletes-heroes of the Great Patriotic War will be opened in St. Petersburg

At the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, the opening ceremony of the Memorial Plate in honor of the Leningrad athletes who died defending besieged Leningrad and on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. This was reported by the press service of the administration of the governor of St. Petersburg.
The initiative to open a commemorative sign on the eve of the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory was supported by the Governor of St. Petersburg, Valentina Matvienko. The ceremony includes the laying of wreaths and flowers at the monument to the Motherland.
Thousands of Leningrad athletes from the first days of the war voluntarily went into the army, into the regiments of the people's militia. They stood up to defend the Motherland and Leningrad. Athletes have always acted where there was the greatest danger, where endurance, dexterity, and ingenuity were especially needed: they fought in the ranks of snipers, scouts, paratroopers, ski battalion fighters. Many were awarded military decorations, orders and medals. Students and teachers of the Institute. P. F. Lesgaft, the whole team went to the front.
In memory of those who did not live to see the bright Victory Day: a student of the Institute of Physical Education, the leader of the Komsomol organization of the partisan region, Hero of the Soviet Union Claudia Nazarova, a sniper who destroyed 107 Nazis, Nina Petrova (awarded with three Orders of Glory of all degrees - four women of the country were awarded such an award ). Also, this is the Hero of the Soviet Union, who fought in the squad of reconnaissance skiers, USSR champion Vladimir Myagkov, Honored Master of Sports, commander of the partisan detachment Dmitry Kositsyn, USSR champions Pyotr Golubev, Pavel Neiman, Nikolai Chistyakov, Alexander Shcherbin, Honored Master of Sports Vladimir Wong, team player Masters Pyotr Sychev, Honored Master of Sports, Champion of the USSR Alexander Zhelnin. In addition, Lyubov Eliseeva, Mikhail Varlamov, Mikhail Zerbin, Ivan Kozlov, Oleg Kryukovsky, Georgy Timchenko, Alexander Ilyin-Zhenevsky, Ilya Rabinovich, Vasily Sokov are enrolled forever in the national team of St. Petersburg.

The role that warrior-athletes played in the Great Victory, the importance of physical training for warriors Soviet army Marshal Zhukov repeatedly emphasized, who became the organizer in the Urals military district of the first in the country sports club army.

From 1941 to 1945, the headquarters of the Ural Military District sent more than two million fighters to the front, who took part in the largest battles. Warrior-athletes from the Urals participated in the battles for Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, the Caucasus, Crimea, in the Battle of Kursk, the battle for the Dnieper and right-bank Ukraine.

On all fronts, special units and whole units of athletes were created, designed for the most complex combat operations: sabotage behind enemy lines, reconnaissance with long movements, landings, and seizure of bridgeheads in hard-to-reach places.

From the Sverdlovsk warriors-athletes along the entire front, the name of the champion of the Dynamo region Sergei Voronov, who was operating in the squad of scout skiers, was known. He more than once went behind enemy lines on skis for 30 or more kilometers and got "language". In one of the operations, the scout Voronov died.

Volunteers went to the ranks of the Red Army, most of the teachers of the physical education department of the Ural Polytechnic Institute, athletes of Uralmashzavod died in battles. The athletes and employees of physical culture organizations who remained in the rear were used in the units of general education and participated in the preparation of reserves for the Red Army.

During the three years of the war, only in the trade unions sports organizations 2 million 527 thousand people were trained under a special program of military skiing and combat training, 705 thousand people were trained in hand-to-hand combat and 274 thousand people were trained in swimming with combat equipment.

GOU SPO
"Volgograd Social and Pedagogical College"

Test
Subject: "History of physical culture and sports"
Topic: "The military exploits of Soviet athletes on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War"

I've done the work
student of group 3 "D"
Pavlov Andrey
Lecturer: Moiseeva N.I.

Volgograd 2011.

Chapter 1
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War

Chapter 2
Athletes-heroes in the Great Patriotic War

Chapter 3
The role that warrior-athletes played in the Great Victory. Conclusion.

Bibliography

Chapter 1
“Each athlete stands in battle for several ordinary soldiers, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a difficult military operation is ahead,” these words were said by the Hero of the Soviet Union, General of the Army I. E. Petrov, assessing the contribution of soldiers-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.
From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight against fascism. Athletes could not stand aside either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what the West now calls "commandos". Athletes learned to mine highway AI railways, to shoot without a miss, to silently shoot sentries. In total for the front line, in 1941-1945. more than 200 operational groups were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.
It is impossible to name all those who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, were an example for young people in peacetime and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger hung over it.
The exploits of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few vivid examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, sports life everywhere stopped, and physical culture and sports organizations directed all their resources to preparing combat replacements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. From fighters-athletes, reconnaissance, fighter detachments and assault groups were created, which were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions. For example, the OMSBON - a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes of the NKVD troops of the USSR - included many special detachments, which were entirely or partially formed from athletes. Among the first volunteers at the Dynamo Moscow stadium, where the OMSBON units were recruited, were outstanding Soviet athletes: one of the strongest weightlifters in the world, N. Shatov, wrestlers G. Pylnoe and L. Egorov, boxer N. Korolev, country record holder in hurdling I. Stepanchenok, cyclists F. Tarachkov, N. Denisov, discus throwers A. Isaev and L. Mitropolsky, diver G. Mazurov and others.
In their statements, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or to the deep rear of the enemy.
After careful selection, volunteers deemed fit for service deep behind enemy lines were immediately reduced to units. Most of them were immediately sent to the OMSBON training camps.
Many athletes were active assistants to experienced border guard commanders in the combat and physical training of Omsbon officers - they trained miners, scouts, snipers, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, paratroopers.
In the autumn and winter of 1941/42, OMSBON units, together with the engineering units of the Red Army, under heavy enemy fire and air bombing, created engineering barriers in the Klin - Yamuga - Rogachev - Dmitrov area and in other places on the enemy's path, mined bridges and water pipes under transport communications , laid powerful land mines on the highway, left other "surprises".
The minefield work carried out by the Omsbonites on the outskirts of the capital, and direct participation in the battles with the German troops played an important role both in the defense of Moscow and in the defeat of the Nazi invaders on this sector of the front.
For the valor and courage shown in the battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.
In the ranks of the defenders of the world's first socialist state there were many students and teachers of the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Culture, the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P.F. Lesgaft, volunteers from other institutes and technical schools of physical culture and sports societies.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, selflessness, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.
Chapter 2
Repeated champion of Ukraine in Greco-Roman wrestling Grigory Malinko was an artilleryman during the Great Patriotic War. Once Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to the village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by extraordinary strength, Malinko manually dragged a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not have imagined that only one person was fighting.
Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military affairs. He, on the instructions of the commander of the partisan detachment, taking on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the "father" the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting is hiding. Donskoy performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy personally recorded 9 derailed enemy echelons and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.
Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sports achievements, but for military feat. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors to attack. Hand-to-hand combat with the enemy soon ensued. In its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!
The honored master of sports in boxing, Nikolai Korolev, also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk more about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 1930s and 1940s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev fought in the ring in a total of 219 fights and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times he was the absolute champion of the country.
Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signs up as a volunteer and fights as part of the OMSBON. Soon he is sent with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.
The partisans gave the Nazis a lot of trouble. “In one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty military operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring”. Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population were formed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation of the Medvedev detachment. The invaders were dealt blow after blow. Here and there, communication was torn, military trains flew downhill, bridges exploded, motorcades and military units were destroyed. Once the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The encircled partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Leaving the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him. Suddenly they ran into the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning strikes, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. Over a kilometer he had to carry the commander until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of the commander. For this feat, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of War. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult times, I always recalled physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, hardening me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and hardships of partisan life. She helped me become a good fighter. I quickly navigated, for example, during combat fights.
The day after the declaration of war, the famous skater, USSR record holder Anatoly Kapchinsky, like millions of his peers, was already in the military registration and enlistment office. But he was refused. Railroad engineers were not recruited into the army as volunteers.
However, he learned that in Moscow, at the Dynamo stadium, volunteers were recruited into the Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purposes - OMSBON of the NKVD of the USSR. All color big sport gathered there. Anatoly did not have time to greet friends whose names the whole country knew: Nikolai Korolev, Georgy Mazurov, Seraphim and Georgy Znamensky, Lyubov Kulakova, Grigory Pylnov, Sergey Shcherbakov, Konstantin Kudryavtsev. Whole courses came to the stadium students of the Institute of Physical Education. Kapchinsky was enlisted in the brigade, appointed commander of the department and sent to the station near Moscow, where the "omsbonovtsy" were trained.
OMSBON fighters were preparing to act as part of small groups behind enemy lines, as well as to fight fascist saboteurs in the rear Soviet troops. The special nature of the tasks of the Omsbonovites also determined the special nature of their training. The fighters made long ski and foot crossings, forced marches, jumped with a parachute, learned to shoot from all types of Soviet and German small arms, set up ambushes, operate in forest conditions, mastered hand-to-hand combat, sabotage and radio work. The load, both physical and nervous, was enormous. It is no coincidence that when forming OMSBON, the command gave preference to athletes.
At the very beginning of the winter of 1941, completely unexpectedly, Kapchinsky had a chance to skate again for the last time in his life. It seemed unbelievable: the Germans are shouting to the whole world that they will enter the Soviet capital not today tomorrow, and traditional competitions are being held in Moscow - the opening of the season at the Patriarch's Ponds. True, only four participants came to the start, but the most famous representatives of the national school: Konstantin Kudryavtsev, Platon and Igor Ippolitov, Anatoly Kapchinsky. The races did not bring high results, but they went down in the history of Soviet sports as a symbol of the courage of our athletes.
In 1942, in one of the battles near Kiev, Anatoly Kapchinsky died, pierced by eighteen machine-gun bullets. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 16, 1944, for courage, courage and self-sacrifice in battle, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
Champion of the USSR 1939 In the 20 km ski race, Vladimir Myagkov at the end of the same year, together with other famous Leningrad athletes, teachers and students of the Institute of Physical Education, volunteered to join one of the combat ski units that operated as part of the troops of the Leningrad Front, who fought with the White Finns. Ski detachments made deep raids on enemy rear lines. Myagkov was distinguished by his special courage and combat ingenuity. He was entrusted with the most responsible combat missions. During the execution of one of them in the winter of 1940. he died a heroic death. Then he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
The fact that Nazi Germany on June 22, 1941. attacked our country, many Lesgaftites found out at their sports base in Kavgolovo, where they were preparing for the All-Union parade of athletes on Red Square in Moscow. And on the same day, hundreds of students and teachers filed applications with a request to send them to the army. The director of the institute I.I. Nikiforov left for the division of the people's militia. And soon the army newspaper reported that the commissar of the regiment Nikiforov in the battle at the Pulkovo Heights, despite being wounded, replaced the commander of one of the battalions who was out of action. And then the institute was given a special task: to form partisan detachments for operations behind enemy lines. In a matter of days, 13 detachments with a total number of 268 people were created. And each fighter of these detachments fought as selflessly and fearlessly, like the rest of the Lesgafts who fought as part of regular military formations. Those who remained to work at the institute helped the military registration and enlistment offices in every possible way in the pre-conscription training of young people.
The commander of the first partisan detachment, entirely composed of students and teachers of the Institute of Physical Education. P.F. Lesgaft was the head. department cycling Dmitry Fedorovich Kositsin. The commissar is Vladimir Shaposhnikov, champion of Leningrad in road racing. The military glory of the detachment of Dmitry Kositsin spread not only among the defenders of Leningrad, but also behind enemy lines. The Nazis nicknamed the partisan skiers "white ghosts", and put a large reward on the head of their commander.
July 7, 1941 after a fierce battle, the Soviet troops left the city of Ostrov. The organizer of the underground group of young patriots who fought in the ranks of the fighter battalion was Klavdiya Nazarova, who by this time had completed the first year of the coaching school (athletics department). Underground workers collected weapons, distributed leaflets, destroyed the Nazis, and threw grenades at the Nazi headquarters. They did it by setting fire to a sawmill that supplied products to the occupiers. Several underground workers became policemen. They are entrusted with the protection of youth, mobilized to be sent to Germany. None of the mobilized to the fascist lair never reached, but the ranks of the partisans were replenished with new fighters. Once the underground managed to blow up a train that was carrying fascist officers from near Leningrad on vacation - as many as thirteen cars. The underground workers established contact with the Soviet command and supplied information to intelligence officers who were abandoned behind enemy lines. But the Nazis managed to track down Klava Nazarova. Terrible torture began. December 12, 1942. having driven everyone who could move to the city square, the Nazis hanged the young patriot. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 20, 1945. Claudia Ivanovna Nazarova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Chapter 3
The role played by the warrior-athletes in the Great Victory, the importance of physical training for the soldiers of the Soviet Army was repeatedly emphasized by Marshal Zhukov, who became the organizer of the first army sports club in the country in the Urals Military District.
From 1941 to 1945, the headquarters of the Ural Military District sent more than two million fighters to the front, who took part in the largest battles. Warrior-athletes from the Urals participated in the battles for Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, the Caucasus, Crimea, in the Battle of Kursk, the battle for the Dnieper and right-bank Ukraine.
On all fronts, special units and whole units of athletes were created, designed for the most complex combat operations: sabotage behind enemy lines, reconnaissance with long movements, landings, and seizure of bridgeheads in hard-to-reach places.
From the Sverdlovsk warriors-athletes along the entire front, the name of the champion of the Dynamo region Sergei Voronov, who was operating in the squad of scout skiers, was known. He more than once went behind enemy lines on skis for 30 or more km., And got "language". In one of the operations, the scout Voronov died.
etc.................