March 24, 2014 President Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (TRP)".
The all-Russian movement "Ready for Labor and Defense" is a program of physical education that existed in our country from 1931 to 1991 and covered the population aged 10 to 60 years. With the breakup Soviet Union the TRP complex ceased to exist. In 2014, the revival of the complex began in the conditions of modern Russia.
We bring to your attention the methodological materials of the thematic lesson (class hour) "TRP - the path to health" for students in grades 5-11.
Session option [PDF ] [DOCX ]
Presentation [PDF] [PPTX]
Application [PDF] [DOCX]
Target: the formation of students' conscious needs for systematic physical education and sports, physical self-improvement.
Tasks:
- promotion of healthy lifestyles;
- fostering a sense of patriotism among students;
- involvement of students in the preparation and passing the norms of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex "Ready for work and defense";
- formation of students' understanding of the role of physical culture in the preservation and promotion of health.
The teacher invites students to watch a video about the history of the TRP and answer questions.
Questions:
What do you think caused the need to introduce the first TRP complex?
Do you think there was a need to renew the TRP complex? Why?
Based on the answers of the students, the teacher formulates the topic of the class hour.
For reference:
In 2014, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin issued a decree on the creation of a modern GTO sports complex.
For reference:
GTO - All-Russian movement "Ready for Labor and Defense" - a program of physical education that existed in our country from 1931 to 1991 and covered the population aged 10 to 60 years. With the liquidation of the Soviet Union, the TRP complex ceased to exist. Since 2014, there has been a revival of the complex in the conditions of modern Russia.
The modern complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (RLD) is a full-fledged program and regulatory basis for the physical education of the country's population, aimed at the development of mass sports and the improvement of the nation.
Preparation for the implementation of the state requirements of the TRP complex is provided by systematic classes in physical education programs in educational institutions, points of initial military training, sports sections, groups of common physical training, in institutions additional education(sports clubs) and independently.
The TRP complex consists of 11 levels in accordance with the age groups of the population from 6 to 70 years and older and standards for three levels of difficulty, corresponding to gold, silver and bronze signs.
Stage I - age group from 6 to 8 years;
Stage II - age group from 9 to 10 years;
Stage III - age group from 11 to 12 years;
Stage IV - age group from 13 to 15 years;
Stage V - age group from 16 to 17 years;
Stage VI - age group from 18 to 29 years;
Stage VII - age group from 30 to 39 years;
Stage VIII - age group from 40 to 49 years;
Stage IX - age group from 50 to 59 years;
Stage X - age group from 60 to 69 years;
Stage XI - age group of 70 years and older.
For reference:
During the Great Patriotic War, units were formed from athletes - TRP badges, who successfully completed combat missions.
For example:
The Znamensky brothers (Seraphim and Georgy) are the champions of the USSR in athletics, Meshkov Leonid Karpovich is the champion of the USSR in swimming.
Question:
What qualities (physical and moral) necessary to perform combat missions develop in the process of playing sports?
Question:
Does modern society need a TRP complex? If yes, then why?
The teacher, based on the answers of the students, directs them to the following conclusions about the meaning of the TRP complex:
- increase in the number of citizens systematically engaged in physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation;
- increasing the level of physical fitness and life expectancy of citizens of the Russian Federation;
- increasing the general level of knowledge of the population about the means, methods and forms of organizing self-study.
Questions:
Why is it important to exercise regularly?
Express your assumptions why the physical health of the population is important for the state.
For reference:
Strengthening health in the process of systematic physical education, and as a result, the absence of diseases, good health is the best reward.
The presence of insignia of the TRP complex for applicants for study at the university will be taken into account during admission.
Students who have a gold badge of distinction of the TRP complex may be assigned an increased state academic scholarship.
In 2016, the Government will develop a program to stimulate and encourage TRP badges.
The teacher proposes a topic for discussion:
What can you start doing today to successfully pass the standards of the TRP complex?
Correcting the reasoning of students, the teacher directs them to the following conclusions:
- it is necessary to healthy lifestyle life (charging, exercise, proper nutrition);
- be sure to attend physical education classes, gyms, fitness centers;
- it is necessary to form an individual plan of self-study.
Question:
Do you think physical education lessons are enough to keep yourself in good physical shape and successfully fulfill the TRP standards? Why?
In answering the question, the importance of self-training for maintaining physical form and compliance with GTO standards.
During the discussion, you can touch on the topic of keeping a sports diary as a tool for more effective achievement of the goal.
The teacher introduces students to the structure of the modern TRP complex.
Exercise:
Determine your level to fulfill the norms of the TRP complex.
Familiarize yourself with the results of the standards according to your level and recommendations for a weekly motor regimen.
Make a conclusion about the need to change your motor mode.
The teacher introduces students to the algorithm for passing the norms of the TRP complex.
If there is a technical possibility, you can go to the site https://gto.ru/, register on it, get an ID number.
Students get acquainted with the exercises that are mandatory for testing as part of passing the norms of the TRP complex.
Exercise:
Check out the results of the mandatory testing exercises.
Compare your results in physical education lessons with the results in the table.
Make a conclusion about the possibility of obtaining the TRP insignia.
Question:
What physical quality is responsible for the performance of each exercise?
The slides show the insignia of different years awarded for the successful completion of the TRP complex.
Exercise:
Compare the insignia. Guess which sign refers to the modern TRP complex, and which one - to the time of the TRP of the USSR. Justify your answer.
The slide shows one of the trendy slogans about the TRP complex.
Exercise:
Having united in groups, come up with your own slogans or draw motivational posters.
transcript
1 Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school 3" Project "GTO WAY TO HEALTH AND SUCCESS"
2 Implementation period September 2015 May 2016 Passport Aspect Contents 1 Name 2 Main developers of the project "TRP the way to health and success" 1. Methodological community of physical education teachers: Cheberyak Vladimir Nikolaevich Cheberyak Galina Alexandrovna Galkina Nonna Vitalievna Plotnikov Sergey Gennadievich 2. Participants: students of grade 9 MBOU "Secondary School 3" 3 Partners: - the center of physical culture and sports "Pearl of Ugra" - the central stadium "Neftyanik" - parents (legal representatives) 3 Purpose and objectives Purpose: to create conditions for improving the health of students and monitoring physical fitness. Tasks: - to increase the number of students systematically involved in physical culture and sports; - increase the level of physical fitness of students; -to form students' needs for systematic physical education and sports and a healthy lifestyle; - to increase the general level of students' knowledge about the means, methods and forms of organizing independent physical education and sports; 4 Timing and stages of implementation Preparatory stage(September 2015 October 2015) Analysis of the initial level of physical fitness of students Development of a work plan for implementation, Discussion of the development of innovative with members of the teaching staff Main stage (November April 2016)
3 Implementation of activities within the framework in accordance with the plan The final stage (May 2016) Analysis of the results achieved 5 List of main activities 1. Conducting explanatory work with students on the implementation of the RLD complex. 6 Performers 7 Expected final results 2. Organizing and conducting health-improving gymnastics (exercise) at school using exercises and tests of the TRP complex 3. Conducting TRP tests in physical education classes and 1 optional according to weather conditions) 4. Holding traditional events: - Tourist rally - Defense-mass sports month - Traditional competitions in athletics"Cross of the Nation" - Competitions in basketball, volleyball, pioneer ball, cross-country skiing, speed skating- "Presidential sports competitions", etc. 5. Monitoring of physical fitness among students Teaching staff, students, parents, social partners Positive changes that will occur as a result of the implementation: 1) the level of physical fitness of students will increase; 2) endurance, coordination will increase, and students will learn how to calculate their strength and physical potential; 3) the number of students systematically engaged in physical culture and sports will increase; 8 Target groups Students of grade 9 9 Organization of performance control Control over the performance of the implementation of the innovation is assigned to the author Cheberyak VN, teacher of physical culture Reporting: analytical reports are provided 1 time per quarter.
4 Explanatory note The relevance lies in the fact that one of the priority tasks of modern society, experts have always called and still call the task of educating a healthy person who strives to be successful in life, able to protect himself and his loved ones in any life situation. Recently, this issue has been increasingly on the agenda, especially for the younger generation. In this regard, the Ministry of Sports of Russia signed order 575 dated July 08, 2014. ABOUT government requirements to the level of physical fitness of the population when meeting the standards of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (TRP). The revival of the TRP complex in educational organizations, today is relevant and fundamental .. the purpose of the complex being introduced is to further increase the level of physical education and the readiness of people, especially the younger generation, for work and defense. According to the results latest research All-Russian clinical examination, the proportion of healthy children decreased from 45% to 34%, the proportion of children with chronic pathology and disability doubled. Deterioration of indicators of physical development was noted: deficiency of body weight began to be detected three times more often, the functional capabilities of the body decreased. A significant role in the deterioration of the physical condition, the increase in the incidence of modern children is played not only by social conditions, but also by a sedentary lifestyle. Of particular concern is the fact that ongoing studies show a high degree of the prevalence of bad habits among children and adolescents. At the same time, according to experts, playing sports from an early age form a persistent rejection of bad habits by the age of twelve. As if to confirm the social significance and relevance of this, we note that all people are different. However, everyone who voluntarily decides to be tested by the TRP complex has one thing in common, purposefulness. It is this trait that is most important for people in the 21st century. Only motivated and physically fit people will be able to succeed in a competitive labor market, and our task is to help them in this, because. their achievements will have not just personal, but social meaning.
5 Implementation plan Action Timeline Responsible 4.1. Preparatory stage Organizational events 1 Kick-off meeting with performers 2 Development and approval of the Regulations on the work Monitoring the physical development of children at the beginning of the school year 3 Creation of an expert group of school teachers and parents to evaluate effectiveness 5 Acquaintance with goals and objectives. Getting Started 4.2. The main stage 1 Development of physical fitness through active health-improving gymnastics using exercises and tests of the GTO complex, tests to determine physical qualities (speed, flexibility, strength, endurance, agility) 2 Selection of a set of exercises and tests within the framework of the GTO 3 Organization of classes in the center of physical culture and sports "Pearl of Yugra" (swimming classes) and the central stadium "Neftyanik" (athletics classes) September 2015 Head September 2015 Head, executive group October 2015 October 2015 During the entire implementation period November 2015 Starting from December 2015 Head, executive group Head, executive group Head Head, students Head, students 4.3. Final stage 1 Analysis of the achieved results May 2016 Head Criteria and performance indicators Criteria Indicators 1 Motivational Interest in sports Increasing interest in students' health Steady striving to improve the physical fitness of students 2 Activity Strengthening the work of students aimed at developing physical qualities 3 Cognitive Knowledge of history formation of the TRP complex in the USSR
6 Knowledge of the importance of passing the standards of the TRP complex in modern Russia Theoretical and practical significance Today we can say that this project allows you to achieve your goals with the least expenditure of resources. The institution has created a single health-saving space for physical education and sports. Thanks to well-organized work, the incidence rate of students has been reduced, which means that schoolchildren have become stronger, more resilient, less likely to miss physical education classes and workouts. In the course of implementation, pedagogical experience is distributed within the district, arouses interest among colleagues, which stimulates teaching staff to its widespread use, and demonstrates the value of interaction between parents of students and the public. Increasing the level of knowledge in matters of physical education at school events contributes to the fact that parents pay more attention to this at home. Thus, we can hope that over time, physical education and sports, a healthy lifestyle will become part of the daily life of every family. Content Implementation stages “TRP the way to health and success” Forms of work With the teaching staff Preparatory stage (September-October 2015) With students Monitoring the physical development of children at the beginning of the school year Oral survey: do you know what the TRP is and should it be introduced in schools? With parents Creating a set of exercises within the framework of the TRP for health-improving gymnastics at each lesson Drawing up a health passport for each student Conversation “Health and illness” Parent meeting “How to prepare a child for passing the TRP standards”
7 Milestone (November 2015 April 2016) Individual work with teachers for the preparation and holding of joint events. Development and holding of competitions in basketball, volleyball, pioneer ball, cross-country skiing, speed skating and swimming. Reflection stage (May 2016) Exchange of participants’ work experience Final meeting with reflection of activities Organization of swimming lessons (2 times a week) (Pearl of Yugra physical culture and sports center) Organization of athletics classes (1 time per week) (central stadium " Oilman") Summing up the results of monitoring the health status of children Parent meeting on the topic "The results of passing the TRP standards" The expected result is the systematization of work on healthy lifestyles in an educational institution; - formation of an active position in children on health promotion and health protection; - education of parents and organization of joint work in preparation for the delivery of the TRP standards - generalization and dissemination of the results of work among school teachers; - Decreased morbidity.
8 References: 1. Mikhailov V.V. Path to physical perfection M.: Fizkultura i sport, 1989 2. Zhuikov V.P.: Pedagogical and methodological support of the regional physical culture complex "Ready for work and defense". - Belgorod: BelSU, Osipov I.T.: Stage "Health in motion". - M .: Physical culture and sport, Committee for physical culture and Sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR: All-Union Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR". - M.: Physical culture and sport,) 2) Internet - resources
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All-Russian lesson on the topic
"GTO - the path to health"
For 3rd grade students
All-Russian lesson on the topic "TRP - the path to health"
Target: familiarity with the concept of "TRP"; introducing children to sports; education of patriotism, respect for one's past; promotion of healthy lifestyles.
Regulatory UUD: be able to formulate the objectives of the lesson.
Cognitive UUD: be able to navigate the concept of the TRP: independently find out the necessary set of measures for your age, compare, analyze, draw conclusions.
Communicative UUD: be able to convey their position to others, express their point of view and try to substantiate it, giving arguments,listen and understand the speech of comrades, be able to work in pairs, conduct a dialogue.
Equipment: a pop-up book on the topic (if you wish, you can make a presentation), standard schemes forIIAndIIIsteps, tree "Health".
During the classes
Teacher: Good afternoon guys!
Teacher: Your parents know the poemfamous children's writer S.Ya. Marshak 1937 "The Story of an Unknown Hero", where firefighters, police and photographers were looking for a twenty-year-old guy who saved a girl from a fire.
Listen to this poem.
Looking for firefighters
Looking for the police
Looking for photographers
In our capital
Looking for a long time
But they can't find
some guy
Twenty years.
Medium height,
Shouldered and strong
He walks in white
T-shirt and cap.
TRP sign
On his chest.
Don't know anymore
Nothing about him.
many guys
Shouldered and strong
many wear
T-shirts and caps.
Plenty in the capital
Same icons
Every
To labor-defense
Ready!
Who is
Where
And what kind of bird is he
Boy,
Whom
Looking for a capital?
What did he do
And what is to blame?
That's what the people
They talk about him.
rode
One
Citizen
Moscow
white cap
On the head
rode in the spring
On the platform of the tram.
Something under the roar of wheels
Humming...
Suddenly he saw
Against
In the window
Someone is dreaming
In smoke and fire.
crowded a lot
The people on the panel.
People in anxiety
Looking under the roof
There from the window
Through the fiery smoke
Hands
Child
Stretched out to them.
The gift of one minute
Without losing
The guy rushed
From the platform of the tram
car
across the way
And down the pipe
Gutter
Helpful.
Third floor,
And the fourth
And the fifth...
Here is the last one
Embraced by fire.
black smoke
A veil hangs.
Breaks out
Fire from the window.
Need more
Pull up a little.
Boy,
Weakening
Crawled to the window
Got up,
Suffocating in the smoke
on the ledge,
I took the girl
And goes down.
Here I grabbed
hand
For the column.
Here on the ledge
He stepped towards the balcony...
Barely worth it
On the ledge leg
And to the balcony
Four steps.
People saw
Watching from below
How carefully
He walked along the ledge...
Here he passed
half
Ways.
Need half more
Pass the.
Step. Stop.
Another. Stop.
Here's to the balcony
He arrived smartly
Through iron
The barrier has crossed
Doors opened
And disappeared into the apartment ...
Mixes with smoke
A cloud of dust.
firefighters rush
cars,
They click loudly
Anxious whistle,
Copper helmets
Rows of glitter.
Instant - and crumbled
Copper helmets.
The stairs have grown
Fast, like in a fairy tale.
People in a tarpaulin
In sequence
climb
Up the stairs
In flames and smoke
Flame
Is being replaced
A child of carbon monoxide.
Drives the pump
Water jet.
Woman,
crying
Fits
To the firemen:
- girl,
daughter
Save
mine!
- No,
Answer
Firefighters
friendly,
girl in the building
Not found.
All floors
We have now bypassed
But no one
Still
Not found!
Suddenly from the gate
Burnt house
Came out
One
Citizen
Unfamiliar.
Red from rust
All bruised
girl
Strongly
He held it in his hands.
The daughter cried
Mother hugging.
The guy jumped up
On the footboard of the tram
A shadow flashed
Behind the carriage glass
Cap waved
And disappeared around the corner ...
Looking for firefighters
Looking for the police
Looking for photographers
In our capital
Looking for a long time
But they can't find
some guy
Twenty years.
Medium height,
Shouldered and strong
He walks in white
T-shirt and cap.
TRP sign
On his chest.
Don't know anymore
Nothing about him.
many guys
Shouldered and strong
many wear
T-shirts and caps.
Plenty in the capital
The same
Icons.
To a glorious deed
Every
Ready!
Teacher: Indeed, there were more than half of the country at that time who wore TRP badges. You have listened to the poems, look at the illustrations on the board and try to formulate the purpose of our lesson.(children formulate the objectives of the lesson)
History of the TRP
In the young years of your grandparents, when our country was called the USSR or the Soviet Union, you could often meet a boy or girl with such a badge on his chest. It is that generation that remembers well these cherished letters - TRP, which means "Ready for work and defense."
GTO or Ready for Labor and Defense is a sports complex that is aimed at improving health, all-round physical development of people, preparing them for work and protecting the Motherland.Existed since By . Covered the population aged 10 to 60 years.For each age group relevant requirements and standards for physical training were established.
The physical complex included gymnastic exercises, running, jumping (in length or height), throwing (discus, javelin, shot put, etc.), swimming, ski race(for snowless areas - forced march or cycling), shooting (for young men).
The theme of sports and the TRP complex was widely reflected on posters and even on postage stamps.
(Guys look at the travel book)
What was it for? The TRP complex was aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the health of citizens. Thanks to this complex, more than one generation of active, healthy people has grown up.
Passing the standards was confirmed by special badges.
Depending on the level of achievement, those passing the standards of each stage were awarded a gold or silver badge.
The first owner of the TRP sign of the 1st stage was the famous skater Yakov Fedorovich Melnikov.
Many heroes of the 30s proudly wore TRP badges - miner Alexei Stakhanov, writer Arkady Gaidar, blacksmith Alexander Busygin, pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky.
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War, pilots Ivan Kozhedub, Alexander Pokryshkin, Nikolai Gastello, the famous sniper Vladimir Pchelintsev, were the owners of the TRP II stage badges.
All Soviet cosmonauts were owners of TRP badges. Yuri Gagarin, while still studying at a vocational school, played basketball and hockey and passed the TRP standards for a gold badge. 
It was the person who was engaged in physical education, improved himself, who was awarded such a badge as an award - confirmation that he is ready at any moment to cope with difficult work or stand up for the defense of his country, if necessary.
Questions about what they heard:
How to decipher the word GTO.
When did this program exist?
What ages did the participants take part in?
What was included in the regulations
Teacher: Guys, why do you think we now remembered the TRP? Why do we need it in today's world? (Children's opinion)
GTO in modern times
Teacher: In 2004, having decided to revive the All-Russian physical culture movement, they conducted an experiment in which 6,000 boys and girls took part. Schoolchildren were asked to pass the 1972 TRP standards. Unfortunately, today's youth showed a low level of physical fitness - only 9% were able to cope with sports standards. That is, those standards that your grandparents passed, only a few can do it.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, on September 1, 2014, the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (GTO) was introduced in our country to solve the problem of promoting the values of a healthy lifestyle and strengthening the health of children. The updated transcript of the TRP sounds like: “I am proud of you, Fatherland!”
Also, the need to re-introduce the TRP is explained by the fact that the majority of the Russian population is not actively involved in sports, leads an unhealthy lifestyle (a sedentary lifestyle, a passion for computers, alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction).
Therefore, the goal of the revival of the TRP is an attempt to instill in schoolchildren the habit of a healthy lifestyle and mass sports. To instead computer games children went in for sports.
Schoolchildren who fulfill the standards of the complex will be awarded gold, silver or bronze badges of distinction, and will also receive sports titles. The possession of such insignia will give bonuses for admission to higher educational institutions.
Teacher: As already mentioned: for each age group, the corresponding requirements and standards for physical training were established.
Each of you has a blueprint. Study it carefully. These are the types of tests for passing the TRP and the standards for children 9-10 years old.
We work in pairs and try to answer the following questions:
1. Which sports are compulsory and which are optional
2. How many standards do you need to pass to get the TRP badge
3. Is there a difference between girls and boys.
(Listen to the children's answers)
Teacher: Perhaps the TRP badge will eventually become very popular with young people. In the old days, its presence indicated that in front of you is a person who is trying to be a harmoniously developed personality.
Teacher: Let's take a break and play a game:
Game - chant "Useful - harmful."
Purpose: to consolidate students' knowledge of good and bad habits.
- What habits can we call useful?
1. Get up at the same time every day at 7 am.
2. Put things in their place.
3. Brush your teeth without being reminded.
4. Do your homework on time, do not sit in front of the TV.
5. Do physical exercises.
6. Read lying ... (harmful)
7. look at a bright light ... (harmful)
8. watching TV up close… (harmful)
(The distance from the TV to the eyes should be at least 3 meters, duration 1.5 hours per day.)
9. protect your eyes from blows ... (useful)
10. eat carrots, parsley ... (useful)
11. rub your eyes with dirty hands ... (harmful)
12. exercise… (useful)
But, unfortunately, some of us also have bad habits.
There are very dangerous habits: Who knows what? - That's right - friendship with alcohol, cigarettes, drugs. These habits are not only harmful to health, but can lead to death of a person.
Word game "Go on"
I start a proverb or saying, and you continue.
1. In a healthy body - (healthy mind).
2. The sun, air and water - (our true friends).
3. Quieter you go - (you will continue).
4. Cleanliness is the key to health.
Game "Health Tree"
Children pull out leaflets with inscriptions and read the sentences, throw them in the trash or attach them to the health tree.
Go in for sports - temper
Eat a lot of sweets - spend a lot of time on fresh air
Do morning exercises
Watch a lot of TV - go hiking
Play a lot of computer - smoke
Drink alcohol - drink energy drinks
Drink a can of beer - observe the daily routine
Make music - draw
Help mom - swim in the pool
Results: Guys, p Why is it so important to play sports? Why does the state pay so much attention to this?
Sports are essential because through sports we become healthier, more energetic, stronger and more fun. If you train a lot, in any particular sport, you can become the champion of Russia, the champion of the World! Let's play sports and keep fit Healthy people!
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A. V. Tsarik, P. A. Vinogradov, Yu. V. Okunkov
All-Russian physical culture and sports complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (GTO) - the path to health and physical perfection
© P. A. Vinogradov, A. V. Tsarik, and Yu. V. Okunkov, 2016
© Sport Publishing House, 2016
* * *
TRP complex: why and why (instead of an introduction)
Dedicated to Ivan Timofeevich Osipov
In the very nature of man lies the desire for spiritual, intellectual and physical perfection. Physical perfection, which to a large extent underlies the health, beauty and harmony of the body, must, of course, be as versatile as possible.
Sufficiently complete and harmonious development of the basic physical qualities necessary in life - endurance, strength, speed, agility, coordination of movements and flexibility - ensures the development of scientifically based standards and requirements of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (TRP).
First of all, they need to be mastered by the people themselves, the citizens of Russia. After all, the TRP complex provides ample opportunities for versatile physical improvement of a person, which, in turn, ensures a high level of physical health, and is becoming more and more prestigious these days. Today, more and more young people are uncomfortable admitting that they do not do physical training or just any sport (also requiring general physical fitness) and it is really a shame to have a belly and a triple chin. They are proud of their smartness, agility, developed physical qualities, understand that physical perfection is a sign of a high culture of a person.
It is known that neither the increase in the number of doctors, nor the latest achievements in the field of health care, nor the latest medicines are capable of restraining the landslide physical degradation of a person, preventing the deadly diseases of the century. The American scientist J. Brody, based on many years of research, came to the conclusion that 90% of health factors are not subject to medicine. Among the three main groups of these factors - heredity, the influence of the environment and lifestyle - it is the lifestyle that leads.
Practice shows that a significant number of people have the concept of " healthy life”, “health”, unfortunately, are not associated with the concept of “physical culture”. Of course, only a very few can argue that a physically active lifestyle is unhealthy. The absurdity of such a statement is obvious. But many people will try to find thousands of reasons to justify in their own eyes their own existence “by the will of the waves”, while their unwillingness to lead a healthy lifestyle has one explanation - lack of knowledge and the weak motivation associated with it.
Even the great physicians and philosophers of the past understood and used the irreplaceable possibilities of motor activity in maintaining and restoring health, created the science of healing power exercise and natural forces of nature.
« Movement can take the place of many medicines, but no medicine in the world can take the place of movement.” These words were spoken many centuries ago by the brilliant physician and philosopher of the medieval East, Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna).
But, despite all the richest scientific and practical experience, many still doubt that their health, well-being, closely related to it, and the achievement of their goals depend to a decisive extent on themselves. They rely on doctors, fashionable psychotherapists and psychics in the hope of getting rid of this or that ailment. Let's not question their methods of treatment. One thing is clear: sitting at the TV or in the armchair of the sports palace, it is impossible to achieve stable health, the physical and volitional qualities necessary in life.
Of course, one of the reasons for such passivity is the lack of sometimes elementary conditions for sports activities. But let's be honest - preparation for passing the TRP standards does not require much comfort. For her, the boundless natural "sports hall", playgrounds and simulators on outdoors, where it is really and healthier, and freer, and more pleasant to practice.
The TRP complex as a programmatic and normative basis for the physical education of the population, combining into a system a variety of means and methods aimed at improving the physical and closely related spiritual and intellectual forces of a person, develops the ability to steadily concentrate and switch attention, quick response, as well as courage, determination , endurance, resourcefulness, will and other important spiritual qualities of a person.
Unfortunately, such an important event in the life of our society and each person individually as the introduction of the TRP complex has not yet received a worthy perception. To the question “Did you know that the TRP was introduced in our country this year?” (which was set almost a year after its approval by the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation) about 60% of respondents answered “no”. Moreover, the least informed were ... students in educational institutions. And to the question “Do you know the specific TRP standards for your age?” answered "No, I don't know" more than 80% of the total number of respondents.
Expert assessments show that a significant part of children, adolescents and young people do not receive sufficient education in the field of physical culture, and therefore they do not form a stable need for regular classes physical exercises, mass sports, physical improvement in general.
Of course, over time, this state of lack of awareness will pass. Such an important matter both for the state and, especially, for its citizens, will undoubtedly gain strength, find a worthy place in life and society, for every individual.
The name of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" is symbolic and has a deep meaning. This is not a tribute to the historical heritage of the USSR. This name, the key word in which is “ready”, reflects the urgent need of our society and state for citizens who are physically and spiritually healthy, capable of highly productive work and, if necessary, to protect their Fatherland. After all, one of the main components of high labor productivity is the health and performance of producers, their will, perseverance in solving problems, in achieving goals - qualities that are actively formed in the process of physical culture and sports.
The far-fetched and false slogan that the TRP is a “remnant of the Soviet ideology”, that “No one attacks Russia” and therefore why remember defense, etc., does not stand up to criticism. The great French philosopher Claude Adrian Helvetius said well about this: "Be a citizen, because the Motherland is needed for your security."
The history of the formation and development of the TRP (1931–2015)
"Every appeal to the past causes a desire for the future."
Friedrich Nietzsche
At the origins
On the day of its fifth anniversary - May 24, 1930 - the youth newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" published a selection of materials united by the general heading "Strong muscles, a keen eye is needed by every working person!" The newspaper rightly noted that, unfortunately, "physical exercises in our circles, on playgrounds and stadiums are still poorly adapted to the requirements of production, to the requirements of defense" and, expressing the opinion of the Central Committee of the Komsomol 1
VLKSM - All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (Komsomol) - socio-political youth organization of the USSR (1918-1991).
She proposed introducing standards that could test the readiness of the country's workers for work and defense. Everyone who passed these standards received the right to wear an honorary award - a badge with the inscription "Ready for work and defense" 2
It should be noted that the first attempt to establish physical culture standards for the broad masses was made in 1927. At that time, standards were introduced for obtaining the signs “Normal Athlete” and “Normal Athlete”. The word “normal” in this case meant that a person who has fulfilled all the norms has an optimal level of physical development.
The initiator of the ideas of the TRP complex is considered to be 20-year-old Moscow worker Ivan Osipov.
At the age of 16, he went to work at the AMO plant, first as an apprentice, and after studying as a machine operator. There he began to play sports and in 1929 (1930) was sent to study at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education. Stalin (later - GTSOLIFK).
After graduating from the institute in 1933, he was sent to own will to the capital of the Turkmen SSR, Ashgabat. He worked there at a technical school and institute as a teacher, and later - in the Republican Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, created in 1936.
In 1937 he returned to Moscow with his family and began working as an employee of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, and soon became the head of the program and methodological department of the Committee.
In the pre-war period, he paid special attention in his work to improving the approved in 1931-1934. the TRP complex of I and II levels, as well as the BGTO complex approved in 1934 for children school age, which was an urgent need for higher physical fitness of the citizens of the country. Such an improved complex was introduced from January 1940.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. I. T. Osipov proceeded to further improve the TRP complex in order to bring its standards as close as possible to the requirements of wartime already, and in 1942 these changes and additions were approved by the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports.
In connection with the approach of German troops to Moscow, a number of people's commissariats and other leading organizations were evacuated from Moscow to the rear, including the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports.
I. T. Osipov joined the People's Militia, but due to poor eyesight he was seconded to the Committee, to that small part of it that remained in Moscow.
At this time, in addition to the obligatory night watch on the roofs of houses, to prevent fires from incendiary bombs, Ivan Timofeevich was instructed to organize the collection of ski equipment (skis, poles, bindings, etc.) both in Moscow itself and in the near Moscow region, and organize ski training for fighters, from which special units were formed.
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, I. T. Osipov continued to work in the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, and when the latter was liquidated in 1953 and all its functions were transferred to the USSR Ministry of Health, he moved to the All-Union Research Institute of Physical Culture (VNIIFK ), where he continued to work as the head of the sector (laboratory) of mass physical culture, which included both work on the TRP complex and work with people of middle and old age (health groups). In addition, at the same time, Ivan Timofeevich created, for the first time in world practice, a system of physical education classes on television for middle-aged and elderly people.
He was also involved in the physical training of future cosmonauts, including Yu. Gagarin.
In 1956, the Central Stadium in Luzhniki was put into operation, at the sports facilities of which, under the leadership of I. T. Osipov, numerous and multidisciplinary health groups for middle-aged and elderly people were organized, which gained immense popularity among Muscovites and where specialists from all over the Union came and from abroad to get acquainted with the organization and methods of conducting classes.
Subsequently, the laboratory was also transferred to Luzhniki, which continued its work, despite the fact that significant changes took place in the system of managing the physical culture and sports movement in the country.
So, at the beginning of 1959, the Union of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR was created, headed by Yu. the leadership of S. P. Pavlov.
At this time, the need for changes and further improvement of the system and regulatory framework of the TRP physical culture complex that has existed since the post-war period began to be felt more and more.
This is what I. T. Osipov began to do, having received the necessary support from Yu. D. Mashin and S. P. Pavlov.
After all the necessary approvals, the new All-Union TRP complex of 5 age levels was put into effect on March 1, 1972 by the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR and for the first time became the program and regulatory basis of the entire system of physical education of citizens of the country.
After the creation of the All-Union Council for the TRP complex, which was headed by the pilot-cosmonaut twice Hero of the Soviet Union A. A. Leonov, Ivan Timofeevich also became part of it. He carried out a lot of work on summarizing and publishing information and advisory materials on the TRP complex, ways and forms of distribution and implementation in the republics, territories, regions, cities, rural areas, enterprises, organizations and educational institutions.
At the same time, the TRP complex itself could not remain in place, it developed, required certain changes and additions, and although I. T. Osipov was already over 70 years old, he continued to work on its improvement. Many of his proposals were included in the improved TRP complex, which came into effect on January 1, 1985. Already after the collapse of the USSR, despite his advanced age (he died at the age of 91), Ivan Timofeevich continued to write his proposals and justifications for projects various departmental complexes, systems, presidential launches, etc. 3
Curriculum vitae provided by the son of I. T. Osipov - Roman Ivanovich, who himself did a lot for the development of sports in the USSR and Russia.The case of I. T. Osipov was continued by his student Vladimir Avtonomovich Uvarov, who devoted many years to scientific research related to the introduction of the TRP complex.
In 1931, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars recognized the expediency of introducing the Ready for Labor and Defense sports complex on the territory of the country, aimed at further increasing the level of physical education and mobilization readiness of the Soviet people, especially the younger generation.
The TRP complex came into operation on March 11, 1931 after its approval by the All-Union Council of Physical Culture under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
It consisted of only one stage and involved the implementation of 21 tests, 15 of which were of a practical nature:
Running for 100, 500 and 1000 m;
Long jump and high jump;
Throwing a grenade;
Pull-ups on the crossbar;
Rope or pole climbing;
Lifting a cartridge box weighing 32 kg and non-stop movement with it at a distance of 50 m;
Swimming;
The ability to ride a bicycle or the ability to drive a tractor, motorcycle, car;
Ability to row 1 km;
Cross-country skiing for 3 and 10 km;
Horseback riding;
Promotion in a gas mask for 1 km.
The complex provided for the following gender and age categories:
for men:
for women:
Theoretical tests were carried out on military knowledge and knowledge of the history of physical culture achievements, the basics of physical culture self-control, first aid. The trials affected the entire population in cities, towns and villages, in enterprises and organizations. The results were recorded in the athlete's ticket.
The high ideological and political orientation of the TRP complex, the general availability of physical exercises included in its standards, their obvious benefit to improve health and develop the skills and abilities necessary in everyday life, made the TRP complex popular among the population, and especially among young people. Those who successfully completed the tests and were awarded the TRP badge had a privilege for admission to a special physical education institution and a preferential right to participate in sports competitions and sports holidays of the republican, all-Union and international scale. Already in 1931, 23.3 thousand Soviet citizens received TRP badges.
The first owner of the TRP badge of the 1st stage was the famous skater Ya. F. Menshikov, the first Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
Miner Alexei Stakhanov and tractor driver Pasha Angelina, academicians Olga Lepeshinskaya and Lina Stern, track and field athletes brothers Seraphim and Georgy Znamensky, the first Heroes of the Soviet Union - polar pilots A. Lyapidevsky, S. Levanevsky and N. Kamanin were also among the first TRP badges.
The TRP complex was constantly improved, covering ever wider sections of Soviet society. In December 1932, the second stage of the TRP complex was approved, which contained increased requirements for the comprehensive physical training of young people. It already included 25 tests: 3 theoretical and 22 practical for men and 21 for women. In the renovated complex, sports tests are more widely represented:
Ski jumping (for men);
Fencing;
Diving;
Overcoming the military camp.
The first badges of the TRP of the II stage were the commanders and cadets of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. The badge, which was awarded to those who passed all the TRP standards, was called by the then military people's commissar K. E. Voroshilov "an honorary physical education order." Handing over the TRP badges, he said: “Look at you, so you outwardly seem to be our most ordinary commanders. Meanwhile, you were the first not only in the Red Army, but in the whole country, which has thousands of excellent athletes, to achieve the most honorary title of the foremost workers of the physical culture front - the most honorable physical culture badge of the second stage, a kind of order ... "
In 1932, together with a group of pilots, he passed the standards for the TRP badge and the legendary V.P. Chkalov. to the All-Union sports complex he treated with deep respect and promoted it in every possible way.
And in total, TRP badges were received in 1932 - 465 thousand, in 1933 - 835 thousand athletes.
In 1934, at the suggestion of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, a set of tests of the physical fitness of schoolchildren "Be ready for work and defense" (BGTO) was introduced - the initial stage of the physical development of young people.
The children's stage of the complex included 16 norms of a sports and technical nature:
Running for short and long distances;
Long jump and high jump;
Throwing a grenade;
Cross-country skiing for 3–5 km for boys and 2–3 km for girls;
Walking in a gas mask;
Gymnastic exercises;
climbing;
pull up;
Balance exercises;
Lifting and carrying weights.
In addition, the owner of the BGTO badge had to be able to conduct practical classes in one of the sports, know the rules and be able to referee sports games.
With the introduction of the BGTO, the creation of an integral, unified All-Union complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR" was completed - the basis of the Soviet system of physical education.
The organization of the delivery of the TRP standards contributed to the activation of the physical culture movement in the country, the growth of its ranks. In 1934, the number of athletes who passed the test for the TRP badge reached 2.5 million people. Badges of the TRP showed samples of shock work and behavior in everyday life 4
Information from the website of the Ministry of Sports of Russia (section "History of the TRP").
As noted in the article “Physical Education of Millions”, the well-known resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of 1932 on work in pioneer organizations laid the foundation for the organizational development of sports among children. And the BGTO complex greatly contributed to the growth of sports and technical achievements of young athletes.
By the 20th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1937), about 10 million people were engaged in physical culture and sports in the Soviet Union, of which more than 4 million proudly wore TRP signs of the first level, 28 thousand - of the second level and half a million schoolchildren - signs BGTO.
According to the researchers, by introducing the TRP complex into the daily life of millions of people, the state sought to combine the physical culture movement with the solution of production problems and strengthening the country's defense capability, to specify the tasks of improving physical culture and mass work and to attract the attention of young people and all segments of the population to improving their physical fitness. In addition, the introduction of clear requirements and standards gave the top leadership of the country the opportunity to plan "from above" the development of the physical culture movement, clearly defining tasks and demanding their implementation by the local leadership. Fulfillment of tasks for passing the TRP standards was, to a certain extent, an objective criterion in assessing the results of spending funds allocated from the state budget for the development of physical culture and mass work.
In the 1930s, the All-Union Radio paid great attention to the promotion of physical culture and sports and, of course, the TRP.
In 1929, a special sports department was created on the radio, designed to involve the population, including children, in physical education.
Before “gymnastics lessons” began to be broadcast on the radio, a lot of propaganda work was carried out. At the end of 1928, with an explanation of the meaning of the lessons morning exercises for various categories of the population (introductory conversations), N. A. Semashko, the People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR, the first chairman of the Supreme Council for Physical Culture and Sports (1923), constantly spoke on the radio.
The first morning gymnastics lesson was held by V. R. Nabokov on January 2, 1929 at 7 o’clock. 30 min 5
"Radio Listener" - 1929 - No. 2. - P. 6.
Since the beginning of the 1930s, radio has been involved in the struggle for mass coverage of workers and the restructuring of physical education work on the basis of the TRP complex.
In a program-planned manner, physical education conversations were introduced twice a decade, which had the task of introducing the basic requirements of a sanitary minimum and knowledge of self-control, first aid, the basics of physical education and other knowledge necessary to receive the “Ready for Labor and Defense” badge. In addition, almost daily radio exercises were supplemented by short conversations and reminders on:
a) a pulse test;
b) functional heart test;
c) rubbing the skin;
d) water procedures;
e) selection of types of breathing;
e) measurements, etc.
There was a systematic transfer of 10 gymnastic exercises of the TRP 6
Radio Gymnastics. Ogiz, Leningrad physical culture and tourism, 1934. Compiled by V. N. Koronovsky.
In the first half of the 1930s, the highest and local councils of physical education developed tasks for the quantitative coverage of athletes by passing the TRP standards and demanded their implementation.
In 1935, the target figures for passing the TRP standards of the first stage, determined by the Supreme Council for Physical Culture (VSFC) in the USSR, were fulfilled by 112.6%. Things were much worse with the delivery of the standards of the TRP of the second stage (in general in the RSFSR - 39.5% of the plan) and the norms of the BGTO (in the RSFSR - 29.7% of the control task).
The experience of the first half of the 1930s showed that it was impossible to fully involve wide sections of the population in physical education by passing the TRP standards using command and administrative methods alone.
In January 1937, by decision of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, a new procedure was introduced for setting target figures for the training of holders of TRP badges. Instead of spreading from above the assignments accepted by the apparatus, the control figures were to be accepted at meetings of teams of athletes (members of the DSO) in the order of self-commitment.
The active participation of voluntary sports societies in the training of TRP badge holders has yielded results.
In general, in the USSR, from July 1936 to June 1937, up to 1 million people passed the TRP standards of the first stage, and 1,500 people passed the II stage. This is almost twice as much as for the period from July 1935 to June 1936, that is, before the creation of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
In the second half of the 1930s, physical education work, primarily in the DSO, began to be carried out in sports sections by type of sport.
For the regional committees for physical culture and sports, the most difficult problem was the organization of the delivery of TRP standards in rural areas, primarily in collective farms, since the latter were outside the scope of trade union voluntary sports societies. On collective farms, Komsomol organizations and public education bodies were involved in organizing the delivery of TRP standards. Of great importance for attracting the population to pass the TRP standards was the holding of district and regional sports days of rural athletes.
In the prewar years, the activities of defense circles and the passing of norms for the badges "Voroshilovsky shooter" ("VS"), "Ready for sanitary defense" (GSO), "Ready for air and chemical defense" (PVHO) under the guidance of a voluntary sports society assistance to defense, aviation and chemical construction (OSOAVIAKHIM) and the Russian Red Cross Society (ROKK). Defense-sports circles were especially widely distributed and defense standards were passed in higher and secondary educational institutions.
Thus, in the 1930s. passing the norms of the TRP and BGTO complexes was one of the main directions for strengthening physical culture and mass work.
The main criterion was the number of athletes who really increased their physical abilities and sportsmanship in accordance with the requirements of state standards. This stimulated the desire of the general population, especially young people, to improve the level of their physical fitness and brought the physical culture movement closer to solving production problems and strengthening the country's defense capability. The passing of the norms of sports complexes has strengthened the control of the state over the direction and effectiveness of physical culture and mass work. Planning became possible to a certain extent.
On April 23, 1938, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR issued a resolution "On target figures and measures to improve the quality of educational work and the delivery of standards for the TRP complex" 7
See: P. V. Novikov, E. R. Yashina, K. E. Lukichev. TRP complex of the new century: Major record- health. - M .: OOO NIPKTS Voskhod - A, 2014. - S. 38–47.
In which the target figures for the training of TRP badges were approved: I stage - 1,115,000 people, II stage - 55,500 people. and BGTO - 600,000 people. The accounting and statistics group of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports was instructed to establish control figures in the republican, regional and regional context.
The resolution noted that the verification of work on the TRP complex in sports organizations in a number of regions revealed significant shortcomings in mass educational work and the delivery of TRP standards. So, for 1937, in the Kuibyshev region, self-obligations for the TRP of the first stage were fulfilled by only 17.3% and for the BGTO - by 19.1%; in the Novosibirsk region, respectively - by 33.9% and 27.4%; in the Kursk region - by 37.99% and 43.79%, etc. At the same time, it was said in the document, work on the TRP complex of the II stage is almost not organized, with the exception of the Red Army, the Navy and the Dynamo society and individual universities. As a rule, only individual athletes pass the norms for the TRP II badge.
It was also noted that the state of affairs is especially unfavorable with the passing of the BGTO standards, which is actually not supervised by either the committees for physical culture and sports, or the departments of public education.
Insufficient attention was also paid to the issues of propaganda of the complex (oral, printed, on the radio, posters, tables, exhibitions, etc.).
The resolution specifically pointed out that one of the main requirements of the work on the TRP is often violated - preliminary medical control of those passing the standards of the complex. Often the doctor certified the registration card (book) of the badge after he had passed all the tests.
The document also emphasized that for the delivery of the relevant standards of the BGTO and the GTO, mass sports competitions are not used widely enough.
In order to radically improve mass educational work on the BGTO-GTO complex, it was proposed, among other things:
“... 2. Establish that the assessment of the activities of sports organizations should be carried out primarily taking into account the qualitative and quantitative indicators of their mass work in the BGTO-GTO complex.
3. To widely practice and encourage the social obligations of organizations and individual workers in physical education in the implementation and overfulfillment of control tasks for the TRP, subject to the mandatory condition of a qualitative verification of the obligations being fulfilled.
4. Approve the initiative of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions to establish challenge banners and awards for voluntary sports societies and teams that give high performance in the TRP.
5. Establish the challenge Red Banners of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and awards for the best performance in mass work on the GTO and BGTO complexes.
Four Red Banners and cash prizes:
a) for the committees for physical culture and sports of the Union republics;
b) for committees for physical culture and sports of regions, territories and autonomous republics of the RSFSR;
c) for committees for physical culture and sports of cities (in the USSR);
d) for collective-farm physical culture groups (in the USSR). Cash prizes and certificates of the All-Union Committee:
a) for physical education workers (teachers, instructors, inspectors) who gave the best performance in the work on the TRP level II;
b) for district commissioners for physical culture and sports;
c) for teachers of incomplete and complete secondary schools;
d) for leaders and instructors of collective-farm physical culture groups.
In addition, in the management of the work on the TRP, the resolution prescribed:
"1. To oblige the chairmen of all committees on physical culture and sports and the heads of voluntary sports societies and other physical culture organizations to personally supervise the work on the TRP on a daily basis by directly checking the progress of preparation and delivery of standards in sports teams, schools, universities and sports facilities.
Periodically hold reporting and instructional meetings on the TRP with the involvement of grass-roots physical education activists and seminars on BGTO - TRP for instructors, physicists, pioneer leaders - in cities and in rural groups and schools.
2. The committees for physical culture and sports and the district commissioners for physical culture and sports should pay special attention to the specific management of the work on the BGTO and the GTO in incomplete and complete secondary schools.
3. The priority task of the committees for physical culture and sports, authorized for physical culture and sports, as well as all public organizations, is to prepare pre-conscription youth going to the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and the fleet according to the TRP complex.
4. To organize regional, regional, republican, city and district commissions for the TRP under the committees for physical culture and sports to help the leadership of the committees for physical culture and sports and those authorized to inspect and instruct organizations that work on the TRP and BGTO, as well as for conducting control tests for the TRP of the II stage.
5. In addition to quantitative planning of work on the TRP, to provide educational planning for the preparation and passing of standards for the BGTO - TRP of both stages by season and month, taking into account mass sports work, sports competitions and holidays."
