The duties of a soldier in combat are numerous. And the role and importance of each military man is great. After all, victory in battle depends on the successful actions of each soldier, the crews of combat vehicles and tanks, crews of mortars, guns, etc. But all this, again, is under the control of the military. And the outcome of the battle, of course, depends on their actions.
Basics
Before going into details, I would like to briefly talk about the topic. Namely, what is modern combat. The duties of a soldier in battle are determined precisely by his goal. And it consists in inflicting a fire defeat on the opponent and destroying him.
The means of modern combat are not only weapons. It is also personnel. Also, modern combined arms combat has its own features. Under them, they usually understand its important features and properties, which, in fact, reveal the nature of the battle.
The main features are decisiveness, tension, transience, high maneuverability, and a variety of means used during the battle. But there are also principles. Every soldier must follow them.
Everyone is obliged to be in constant combat readiness, to show determination, high activity and continuously fight. The actions rendered by the military must be sudden for the opponent. Also, soldiers and commanders must constantly and clearly interact with each other, calculate and coordinate each step. The squad is obliged to ensure an all-round battle and do everything possible so that it ends in victory.
Offensive
At this initial stage, each soldier operates as part of his squad. The task of the offensive comes from the commander. The duties of a soldier in battle are to understand the orientation, composition, position, and also the nature of the actions of the enemy. Also, each military must identify the location of the opponent's firepower. Then he must determine his task, find targets to defeat. And, in addition, indicate the number of the tank, followed by its squad, the order of using fire and overcoming obstacles.
Before that, each soldier checks the presence of certain ammunition, as well as the serviceability of the weapon - prepares it for battle. If preparations are being made for an offensive that will take place at night, then you need to carefully familiarize yourself with the terrain, remember the identification marks that will help you navigate in the dark.
Preparing for the attack
All the above actions are carried out in order to defeat the enemy successfully. The offensive is followed by the attack. Before the announcement by the commander of its beginning, the military should not leave their place. And the duties of a soldier in battle before an attack are to fire at the enemy. The commander gives the order after the tanks approach starting position. As soon as the soldier hears "Squad, prepare to attack!", he must quickly perform several actions.
First, reload the weapon and prepare the grenades. Secondly, attach a bayonet-knife to the machine and set the sight. Thirdly, fix the items of equipment in such a way that they do not interfere with his movement.
As soon as the tanks pass, the soldier puts his foot on the step or in the recess (depending on what was prepared during the offensive), rests on the parapet of the trench with his hands and continues to follow the opponent, preparing to leave the shelter at any moment. And when the commander says "Squad, attack - forward!", He does it. The duties of a soldier in battle in this case are to quickly, simultaneously with other soldiers, respond to an order, jump out of a trench (trench), and then follow the tank.
Attack
This is one of the most important stages. The duties of a soldier in battle, in attack, are extremely important, since the outcome of the confrontation depends on how well he copes with them.
So, when moving to the chain, each military man must be equal to the front and keep a certain interval. Parallel to this, he is obliged to destroy the opponent's fire weapons (especially anti-tank ones) from weapons. Also, the soldier must be ready to point out to the war machine the most dangerous targets that hinder the advance of their squad more than others.
When a fighter approaches a trench/trenches occupied by the enemy, he should throw there. The distance to the opponent's shelter should be about 30-35 meters. If there are surviving enemies, then the military destroy them with point-blank fire or hand grenades, while continuing to move in a given direction - these are the duties of a soldier in battle. The charter also allows you to "finish off" the enemy with tricks hand-to-hand combat.
Operations in contaminated areas
Talking about the general duties of a soldier in battle, attention should also be paid to how each military man should behave if infected areas have formed on the battlefield. This is not uncommon. They are formed as a result of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the opponent.
Therefore, during the battle, each soldier must be as careful as possible in order to notice such areas in time and report them to the commander. And then - to take all possible actions to successfully overcome the obstacle.
For this, soldiers who are in armored personnel carriers are required to wear gas masks. And in tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, you need to turn on the system of protection against weapons of mass destruction. After that vehicles must move with maximum speed and in the direction where the terrain is least dangerous to the health of the military.
These are the duties of a soldier in battle. states: the military must do everything necessary not only for the successful outcome of the battle, but also to preserve his own integrity. Since every soldier is important and valuable.
If the military move on foot or in open vehicles, then they must wear respirators, protective gloves, stockings and protective raincoats. Gas mask - if the area is contaminated with toxic substances. Sections must be overcome by dashes, with maximum speed.
Overcoming water obstacles
This is also part of the duty of a soldier in battle. Briefly, attention should be paid to this topic. Indeed, in a military situation, employees have to overcome swamps, ditches, streams and rivers. And you have to do it right.
It is not always possible to use wooden and inflatable landing boats, boats and other crossing facilities. If you have to overcome a water barrier by swimming, you need to do it quickly and suddenly for the opponent, so as not to slow down the pace of the offensive.
However, the soldiers are obliged to do everything possible to equip the ford. Clear the approaches and the channel from stones, stumps, piles and other obstacles, fill in the funnels (or at least protect them), strengthen the slopes to the river and the unsteady bottom covered with silt. If the current is fast, then it is necessary to stretch a rope across the river. You need to cross 1-2 people. If the situation is not critical, then part of the equipment and shoes are allowed to be removed and transported on oneself. When crossing by swimming, the soldier unfastens the cuffs and collars, turns out the pockets, unties the underpants and ties of the trousers, and puts the boots behind the waist belt. The machine must be taken behind the back or, alternatively, put on a roll, after passing the belt under the arms on the chest.
Overcoming mine-explosive barriers
This obstacle is the most dangerous. As mentioned earlier, the duties of a soldier in battle are determined by the goal. And it consists not only in bringing the team to victory, but also in maintaining the integrity of one's own life.
The soldier overcomes mine-explosive barriers by running, moving behind the tank, along the track he has made. Rolling is prohibited. Moreover, fighters, for the sake of safety, are required to move "trail to trail." Because otherwise there is a risk of hooking a wire contactor or stretching. Also, to prevent this from happening, the soldier must raise and lower his feet vertically.
After overcoming the field, the squad deploys again in a chain, resuming the attack.
Shooting
The above is not all the duties of soldiers in battle. Execution of commands must be carried out according to strict rules. And, since the goal is to destroy the opponent, the action here is one - shooting.
If a soldier is armed with a machine gun or machine gun, then he can fire on the move with a butt to his side or shoulder. Or offhand. In this case, it is allowed to fire from a short stop or without it at all. Reloading weapons is also done on the go. The destruction of an enemy in a trench can be carried out not only with a grenade, but also with a point-blank shot, a bayonet-knife, or even a blow from the butt.
If the soldiers see the approach of a combat aircraft or helicopter, then they are obliged to open fire on air targets. It is conducted as part of a platoon or squad, exclusively at a distance of up to 500 meters (approximately). Fire can be opened only with the permission of the commander. Shooting soldiers are standing, kneeling or lying down.
trenches
Every soldier must remember that he must overcome the first trench without descending into it. Bursting into other trenches, the fighters clear them in the direction that was given by the commanders. In this case, you need to monitor the provision of flanks.
The fighters must move quickly along the trench, simultaneously using not only grenades and weapons, but also hand-to-hand combat techniques (hitting with a butt, an infantry shovel, arms and legs, and also bayonet stabs). In this situation, you can only hope for your own skill, since in this case the soldier ends up in the enemy’s lair, which carries the maximum danger for him.
By the way, it is better to act in pairs. One soldier wields grenades, while the other destroys enemies with fire. It is better to use a third fighter who will support them from above.
End of the fight
The attack can be completed different reasons. Sometimes the enemy decides to retreat. In any case, this is called stopping the attack. And even in such situations, the soldier must act in a certain order.
First of all, the fighters must take cover. So that the place could protect them from attack and fire. And at the same time, so that from there it was possible to quickly open aimed fire. When digging a shelter with an infantry shovel, a soldier must make a single trench, designed for prone firing.
In general, you can talk on this topic for a long time. But the basics are just that. The only means that is effective in terms of achieving victory is the coherence of actions and, of course, the manifestation of courage and intelligence.
Topic 3. Actions of a soldier in battle.
Duties of personnel in combat
Each sergeant and soldier must:
1) know combat mission platoon, his squad (crew) and his task;
2) to know the organization, weapons, equipment and tactics of enemy units, especially the combat capabilities of his tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons, their most vulnerable spots;
3) know the weapons and equipment of their unit;
4) know the dimensions, volume, sequence and timing of the equipment of fortifications;
5) be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, including with the use of explosives, to carry out camouflage;
6) in battle, constantly monitor, detect the enemy in a timely manner and immediately report him to the commander;
7) act steadfastly and stubbornly on the defensive, act boldly and decisively on the offensive, destroy the enemy, especially tanks and other armored vehicles by all means and means, skillfully move on the battlefield, choose firing positions (shooting places);
8) to show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, to help a comrade;
9) be physically strong and hardy, master the techniques of hand-to-hand combat;
10) be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his low-flying aircraft, helicopters and other air targets from small arms;
11) to protect the commander in battle, in case of his injury or death, feel free to take command of the unit;
12) know the methods of protection against weapons of mass destruction and high-precision weapons of the enemy;
13) skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and protective properties;
14) overcome barriers, obstacles and contamination zones, lay and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
15) carry out special processing;
16) without the permission of the commander not to leave his place in battle;
17) in case of injury or damage by radioactive, toxic substances, biological (bacterial) agents, as well as incendiary weapons, take the necessary measures of self- and mutual assistance and continue to perform the task; if ordered, go to the medical center, take personal weapons and protective equipment with you; if it is impossible to follow to the medical center, crawl with a weapon into the shelter and wait for the orderlies;
18) be able to prepare weapons and ammunition for combat use, quickly and deftly equip clips, magazines, tapes with cartridges; keep track of the consumption of ammunition and refueling of an infantry fighting vehicle, a tank with fuel, promptly report to your commander on the consumption of 0.5 and 0.75 of the wearable (portable) supply of ammunition and refueling; in case of damage to an infantry fighting vehicle, quickly take measures to restore them;
19) know and comply with the norms of international law of armed conflicts, the laws of war.
Crew and landing accommodation
The infantry fighting vehicle is equipped with ten seats to accommodate a combat crew consisting of a squad (vehicle) commander, a driver, a gunner-operator and seven motorized riflemen, which include: senior gunner (SS), gunner (S), machine gunner (P) , grenade launcher (G), assistant grenade launcher (PG). Free places for the personnel of the platoon control - 6 people: 2 per car.
If the seat of the vehicle commander is occupied by a senior commander, the squad or platoon commander is placed in the troop compartment of the vehicle.
Department of management. The control compartment is located in the bow of the machine body. It houses the jobs of a mechanic - a driver and a paratrooper.
The workplace of the driver is equipped with: seat; control and measuring devices; lighting and signaling devices; four observation devices TNPO-170A; gyro semi-compass GPK-59; machine controls; instruments and actuators; apparatus A-ZTPU; radiation and chemical reconnaissance device; fire extinguishing means; monitoring equipment cleaning system.
The paratrooper's workplace is equipped with: a seat, an embrasure for firing from personal weapons (on the left side of the hull), TNP-165A and TNPO-170A surveillance devices, and an A-3TPU device.
Combat department. The fighting compartment is located in the middle part of the vehicle body directly behind the power compartment. It includes a turret and part of the hull, bounded by a bulkhead of the power compartment in front and guards for the landing seats in the back.
At the commander's workplace there are: commander's hatch with TKN-3B observation devices with OU-3GA2, TNPO-170A, TNPT-1 illuminator; seat; commander's hatch rotation mechanism; sight 1PZ-3; stabilizer control panel; radio station R-123M (R-173); apparatus A-1TPU; tank and taps of the instrument cleaning system.
Landing squad. The troop compartment is located in the rear of the vehicle. It is limited by the right and left sides of the hull and is divided into two parts by a medium fuel tank and an electrical equipment container. The airborne squad has six jobs for paratroopers, three in each unit. Partially the basis for the seats are the side tanks, installed to the right and left of the middle tank. Each workplace has a TNPO-170A device for monitoring the terrain when moving along a combat line, loopholes for firing PK machine guns (front) and AK machine guns (others), places for laying paratroopers' property. There are two doors for the exit and entry of the landing force in the stern of the vehicle. To monitor the terrain, two TNPO-170A devices are installed in them, and in the left door there is also an embrasure for firing from AK. Above the seats in the roof there are two hatches for landing afloat, firing at air targets and observing the terrain on the march.
Soldier at an observation post
Surveillance reconnaissance is carried out in all types of combat to obtain information about the ground and air enemy, his fire weapons, engineering barriers, command posts and other objects.
For observational reconnaissance, a soldier may be assigned an observer or a chemical observer.
A soldier assigned as an observer must see and hear everything, while remaining unnoticed. A place for observation is chosen at the direction of the commander, one that would provide good visibility, camouflage, cover from enemy fire, and have convenient approaches.
You can not be located on the tops of hills, near isolated trees, buildings, on the edge of small groves, near individual bushes, i.e. near those places that can serve as landmarks for the enemy and attract his attention.
The most convenient for observation are trenches, ditches, shell craters and other excavations in the ground. The place for observation in them is chosen so that there is an embankment, tubercles or bushes behind; then the observer will not be silhouetted against the sky.
Observation methods day and night
At local objects (pillar, tree, etc.), observation is carried out lying down from the shady side.
For the convenience of observation and a detailed examination of the observed area, the sector assigned to the observer is divided by depth into three observation zones: the nearest one, the most accessible for observation with the naked eye, with a depth of 400 - 500 m; medium - up to 1000 m and far - to the limit of visibility.
The boundaries of the zones are established by clearly visible landmarks or local objects.
When starting to observe, they first briefly examine the entire area (on the offensive - away from themselves towards the enemy, and on the defensive - from the enemy towards themselves).
Observation begins from the nearest zone and is carried out from right to left along conventionally marked lines from oneself to the depth by sequential inspection of the terrain and local objects. Open areas of the terrain are examined faster, closed ones - in more detail.
The observer reports to the commander about everything noticed, without stopping the observation.
In the report, the observer indicates the landmark, at what distance from him (to the right, to the left, further, closer) and what is noticed, for example, "Landmark two - to the left 50, closer than 100, enemy observation post near the yellow bush" (see Appendix 1).
It is especially difficult to observe at night. It must be remembered that in the dark, visibility from a height down is worse than from below. Therefore, a place for observation is chosen in hollows and low places, from where it is possible to quickly detect an enemy projecting against the sky. As landmarks, objects with contour outlines that clearly emerge on the ground are selected.
The procedure for inspecting the area in the observation sector
Observation at night is carried out with the help of night vision devices or with the naked eye.
When observing at night, in order to avoid glare, do not look at brightly lit objects and light sources.
An infrared illuminator unmasks the place of its application. Therefore, when starting observation, you need to turn on the power of the electron-optical device, carefully inspect the area in the observation sector and make sure that the enemy does not have infrared searchlights. At the same time, it should be remembered that the enemy's radiation source will be projected as a light green spot with a bright white center.
Its direction is determined by the shape of the spot, if it has the shape of a circle, then the beam is directed at the observer, if an ellipse is visible, elongated vertically, the beam is directed towards the observer at an angle of 45-60 °.
In cases where visibility at night is very limited or completely excluded, reconnaissance is carried out by eavesdropping. At the same time, it must be taken into account that the audibility is significantly affected by temperature and humidity, wind, terrain, vegetation, local objects, etc.
In cloudy weather or with deep cloudiness, and especially after rain, the audibility increases, on a clear sunny day it worsens.
At night and in the early morning the audibility is better than during the day, and in winter it is better than in summer. Audibility is also improved if the sound waves propagate over a water surface (lake, river, etc.). Wind speeds up or slows down the propagation of sound waves. If it blows from the sound source towards the observer, the audibility improves.
In mountainous areas, the sounds that arise during the movement of troops and the production of defensive work are heard at a much greater distance than on the plain, since sound waves, reflected from the surface of the mountains, propagate farther. Vegetation and local objects in the path of movement can slow their spread and change direction.
When choosing a place for eavesdropping, one should strive to hear sounds without reflection: on elevated places, away from obstacles and on the leeward side of areas through which the enemy will make noise. You can not be located near the trees rustling from the wind, etc.
At night, as well as during the day, it is important not only to detect the target, but also to determine the distance to it.
Determining distances to targets or local objects during the day can be done different ways: eye gauge; by the angular values of targets or local objects; according to the rangefinder scale of the optical sight; direct measurement of the area.
The visual method of determining the distance without the use of any instruments is one of the main methods for determining the distances to targets.
In practice, two methods of visual determination of distances to targets (local objects) are used: by segments of the terrain; according to the degree of visibility and apparent size of the target.
When determining distances along segments of the terrain, it is necessary to mentally set aside a distance from oneself to a target or a local object, which is firmly entrenched in visual memory, for example, a segment of 100, 200, 400 m. In this case, it should be taken into account that with increasing distance, the apparent value of the segment in perspective is gradually reduced.
When determining distances by the degree of visibility and the apparent magnitude of the target, it is necessary to compare the apparent magnitude of the target with the apparent dimensions of this target imprinted in memory at certain distances.
If the target is detected near a landmark or a local object, the distance to which is known, then when determining the distance to the target, it is necessary to take into account its distance from the landmark.
Determination of distances according to the degree of visibility of local
objects (people)
To determine the distance by the angular value, it is necessary to know the width or height of the target (object) to which the distance is measured, and to have observation devices. When determining distances in this way, the angular value of the apparent height or width of the target (object) is measured and the distance is calculated using the formula
D \u003d B x 1000,
where D is the determined distance to the target; In the height or width of the target, Y is the angle in thousandths at which the target (object) is visible. The procedure for determining the distance using binoculars: in the field of view of the binoculars there is a goniometric grid, which, in turn, has mutually perpendicular goniometric scales. The value of one large division of the scale corresponds to 10 thousandths (0-10), small - 5 thousandths (0-05). For example, you need to determine the distance to an ATGM (anti-tank guided missile) of an enemy located at the turn of telegraph poles.
Solution: The distance between the pillars is 50 m. It is closed by four large divisions of the horizontal goniometric scale (40 thousandths or 0-40). The distance to the ATGM is
L \u003d H x 1000 \u003d 50 x 1000 \u003d 1250m
Surveillance devices. To determine the distances on the rangefinding scale of the RPG-7 optical sight and the BMP gun, it is necessary to aim the scale at the target so that the target is located between the solid horizontal and the inclined dotted lines.
Binocular angle scales. The stroke of the scale located above the target indicates the distance to the target, which has a height of 2.7 m. If the target has a height of less (greater) than 2.7 m, then
on the scale, subtract (add) an amendment equal to the product of the number of tenths of a meter of the difference in the height of the target by a constant number 4 and the scale number located above the target.
For example, you need to determine the distance to a heavy enemy tank with a height of 3.2 m, if the tank is its own top touches the dotted line of the rangefinder scale with a dash marked with the number 6.
Determining the distance on the rangefinder scale of the optical
sight (distance to the target 600 m at its height 2.7 m)
Solution: The difference in target height is 0.5 m (3.2 - 2.7 = 0.5); the correction is 120 m (0.5 x 4 x 6 = 120 m); distance to target 720 m (600 + 120) or rounded 700 m.
IN optical sight sniper rifle the stroke of the scale, unlike the RPG-7 sight and the BMP, indicates the distance to the target, which has a height of 1.7 m.
The distance to the target on the rangefinder scale can only be determined when the target is fully visible in height.
To determine distances by measuring the terrain in steps, you need to know the average value of one pair of your steps in meters. When determining distances, steps are counted in pairs. This method can only be used outside of contact with the enemy and serves to verify the correctness of determining distances with an eye.
At the observation post there should be observation devices, a large-scale map or terrain map, an observation log (see Table 1), a compass, a clock, a flashlight, means of communication and alerting.
Having received the task, the observers proceed to the covert equipment of the place for observation. It is usually chosen near the commander posting, with good overview. Communication between the observation post and the commander is carried out by telephone, radio, voice or established signals. On the occupation of the observation post and the completion of its equipment, the senior observer reports to the commander (chief) who sent the post.
Observers take turns observing. It begins with a detailed study of the terrain and determining the distances to landmarks and characteristic local features in the assigned sector.
Having found the target, the senior observer reports to the commander about its position relative to the landmarks in the prescribed manner and, in addition, puts it on a map or map of the area and makes an entry in the observation log.
Observation of an air enemy is carried out by sequential viewing of the airspace, starting from the horizon.
Having found an air target, the observer gives an alert signal, determines its nature, direction and flight altitude and reports about it to the commander who set up the post (senior observer of the post).
The chemical observer conducts continuous observation in the specified area, at the set time, and also during each enemy artillery and air raid, switches on radiation and chemical reconnaissance devices and monitors their readings.
Upon detection of radiation contamination (radiation level of 0.5 rad/h and above), the observer is immediately obliged to report to the commander and, at his direction, give a "radioactive danger" signal.
Upon detection of chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination, the observer gives the "Chemical alarm" signal and reports to the commander.
The results of radiation and chemical observations are recorded in the observation log (see Table 2).
At the end of the shift, the senior observation post signs in the journal under the observation records.
Table 1
OBSERVATION LOG SAMPLES
table 2
IN JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS
(first half of the magazine)
(second half of the magazine)
The action of a sentinel soldier on the march
The patrol squad is assigned for the timely detection of the enemy and reconnaissance of the area. It operates at a distance that provides observation of its actions and fire support.
A soldier in a sentinel squad can operate in an infantry fighting vehicle or on foot, in winter - on skis. It performs the task of observing on the move and from short stops.
When conducting reconnaissance far from the enemy in a combat vehicle, when a meeting with him is unlikely, the patrol squad usually moves along the road at maximum speed, and in the area of a possible meeting with the enemy - off-road, covertly, in jumps from one point convenient for observation to another.
If reconnaissance of any object is difficult, the commander sends foot patrols (two or three soldiers), appointing one of them as a senior, the vehicle is located in a shelter. The soldiers remaining in the car are monitoring the surrounding area and the actions of the sentinels in readiness to support them with fire.
Inspection of the area and local objects on the way of movement is carried out by sentinels as follows: moving closer to a local object, they first inspect it from outside, trying to find out if the enemy took cover behind him or inside him. Finding no signs of the presence of the enemy, the sentinels approach the local object, inspect it and the terrain ahead. At the same time, the senior sentinel, moving slightly behind his sentinel, should be ready to support him with fire, at the same time he continuously maintains visual contact with the squad leader. After making sure that there is no enemy, the senior sentinel gives the squad leader a signal "The path is clear." The sentinels remain in place and continue to observe until the arrival of the squad leader. Having received the next observation point from the squad leader, the sentinels continue moving to the new observation point in the same sequence. When examining local objects, sentinels do not stay long in one place.
If the sentinels encounter a section of terrain prepared for defense and discover trenches, trenches, barbed wire and minefields, then they must first of all find out whether the barriers are being defended by the enemy, whether the trenches and trenches are occupied by troops, establish the enemy’s forces, the depth and nature of his defense. It is possible that observation fails to reveal the presence of the enemy in the trenches.
In this case, the lookouts may take some demonstrative action, such as making noise at the wire fence in order to draw enemy fire or, in extreme cases, bombard the fences in several places. If the fence is not guarded, you need to find a bypass (passage) or make a passage in the fence, and then continue along the specified route, while be sure to mark the passage.
Inspection of the forest begins with the edge. Signs of the presence of an enemy in the forest can be: the take-off of birds, the trail of wagons, tanks and cars leading into the forest, broken branches and peeled bark on trees, movement at the edge of the forest, smoke from fires, the glare of glasses of optical instruments, etc. When inspecting the forest, you need to pay attention to the tops of trees and dense thickets in order to exclude a sudden attack by the enemy.
Glades, ravines, bushes, ditches and other places convenient for enemy ambushes are subjected to especially thorough inspection.
Inspection of the settlement begins from afar, if possible from elevated places. Particular attention is paid to places where the enemy himself can conduct observation (trees, roofs of buildings, windows of buildings, etc.). Signs indicating the presence of an enemy in a populated area can be: the noise of engines, a lot of movement, and sometimes unusual silence.
If the enemy is not detected, the sentinels covertly approach the settlement. First, detached or end houses are inspected and local residents are interviewed. Separate yards must be approached not from the street, but from the side of the garden, vegetable garden or outbuildings. Inspection of buildings is carried out first from the outside, then inside. In while inspecting the premises, one of the sentinels is in the courtyard, ready to assist the person inspecting the building inside and warn the unit about the presence of the enemy. In the absence of residents, before entering the house, it is necessary to inspect whether it is mined, whether there are booby traps (“surprises”) in the house, etc.
Not finding the enemy in the outermost houses, the sentinels move along the streets, inspect individual houses to choose from and go to the opposite outskirts of the settlement, from where they give a prearranged signal "The path is free." In a large settlement, as the houses are inspected, the patrol, using yards, gaps in the walls and other hidden paths, moves from one block to another.
Inspection of the river is initially carried out from such a distance from which it is visible. It is necessary to find out from the local residents whether there are fortifications that the enemy could build on the approaches to the coast in order to defend the crossings, whether they are defending themselves, whether there is an enemy on the opposite bank, where there are dams, bridges, fords, etc.
If the enemy occupies bridgeheads, then it is necessary to establish his forces and firing points by observation. In the event that the approaches to the river are not defended, the sentinels, on the orders of the commander, determine the nature of its banks, measure its width and speed of flow.
The width of the river is determined by eye, with the help of binoculars or sounding (rope, wire). If there is no enemy on the opposite bank, the width of the river can be measured by constructing geometric triangles.
To do this, you need to stand on your bank opposite some local object located on the opposite bank near the water. From your location, measure some distance along the coast, for example 50 steps, and notice this point; then measure along the coast a distance equal to half the measured, i.e. in this case 25 steps. From this place, move away from the shore at a right angle until the previously noticed point is in alignment with an object located on the opposite shore. The distance traveled from the shore, doubled, will be equal to the width of the river.
The speed of the current is determined by the movement of a light object (float) thrown into the river, which will move at the speed of the flow of water. For this purpose, the time is counted in seconds during which the float will swim the distance previously measured along the river bank. The float is recommended to be thrown into the water further from the shore.
The presence of a ford can be determined by the tracks of wagons, cars and other equipment going to the river, and the depth of the river should be measured by directly crossing into the ford, as well as by a pole from a boat or raft.
When inspecting the bridge, it is necessary to determine what its carrying capacity, length and width are. Many bridges have an inscription indicating the carrying capacity. Inspection of the bridge, previously defended by the enemy, should be done carefully. If the bridge is mined, it must be cleared or put up a sign with the inscription "Mined".
In the event that the enemy defends the opposite bank, careful observation of him is organized and measures are taken to find a ford or a new, more advantageous place for crossing.
When inspecting a deep ravine, one of the sentinels conducts reconnaissance along the bottom, the rest move along its edge and monitor the surrounding area.
Preparation and adjustment of uniforms and equipment for the march
For silent movement, you can use the following methods: on hard ground, put your foot from the toe, on soft ground - from the heel; on the grass, raise your legs above the grass and carefully lower them to the heel; spread the branches through the bushes and thickets in different sides; when crossing a ford of a small river or other shallow water barrier, lower the leg into the water from the toe, dragging it forward through the water, do not raise the legs under water, as the water flowing from the shoes makes noise; move on viscous marshy ground with short and slow steps, lower your legs to the ground carefully on the entire foot, while placing them a little wider than with normal walking.
On the ground with big amount bumps, pits, funnels, personal weapons are more convenient to carry in the "on the chest" position. This position frees the hands.
When moving at night, one must not forget that the enemy has night vision sights, as well as radio-technical and radar reconnaissance equipment, which make it possible to detect moving soldiers. To detect these means, when acting in reconnaissance, it is necessary to take your night sights and other means.
If the enemy illuminates the area, you need to lie down and not move without any command, and continue moving after dark. If the enemy discovered and opened fire, it is necessary to move out of the firing zone with a throw.
Lesson 68
DUTIES OF A SOLDIER IN BATTLE
Subject: OBJ.
Module 3. Ensuring the military security of the state.
Section 7. Basics of military service.
Chapter 21
Lesson number 68. The duties of a soldier in battle.
Date: "____" _____________ 20___
Lesson held: teacher OBZh Khamatgaleev E.R.
Target: consider the duties of a soldier in battle.
Course of lessons
Class organization.
Greetings. Checking the list of the class.
Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Knowledge update.
What is modern combat?
What characteristics of modern combined arms combat can you cite?
What does the tactical training of a soldier in modern Armed Forces Russian Federation?
What is a means of destruction in combat using only conventional weapons?
Checking homework.
Listening to the answers of several students to homework (at the choice of the teacher).
Working on new material.
In modern combined-arms combat, the role of the soldier is immeasurably increased.
A soldier bears personal responsibility for the defense of his Fatherland. He must:
not to spare one's strength and life itself in the performance of military duty;
unquestioningly obey the commanders (chiefs) and protect them in battle;
how to protect the battle banner of the unit as the apple of an eye;
to the end to fulfill his military duty in battle.
Each soldier must:
know the combat mission of the platoon, your squad (tank) and your mission;
know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially the most vulnerable spots;
know the volume and sequence of equipment fortifications;
constantly monitor, simultaneously detect the enemy and immediately report him to the commander;
act boldly and decisively on the offensive, steadfastly and stubbornly on the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, and help a comrade;
skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of machines;
be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters (Fig. 35), carry out camouflage, overcome obstacles (Fig. 36), obstacles and infection zones;
to lay and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his planes, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know their most vulnerable spots;
to protect the commander in battle, in case of his injury or death, feel free to take command of the unit.
Conclusions.
A soldier in battle is obliged to fulfill his military duty to the end, not sparing his strength and life itself.
A soldier must know his military equipment and weapons.
A soldier must have a good knowledge of military equipment and weapons of the enemy.
The main task of a soldier in battle is to destroy the enemy with all his might.
Questions.
What are the main duties of a soldier in modern combat?
How should a soldier act on the offensive? Give examples from the history of recent military conflicts.
How should a soldier act in combat?
Why do you think the role of a soldier is immeasurably increased in modern combat? Justify your answer.
Tasks.
Prepare a presentation on the topic "Modern combat using ground forces, missile forces, aviation and tank forces."
Prepare a presentation on the topic “The need to improve individual tactical training taking into account the peculiarities of modern combat.
Using the material covered in the 10th grade and other literature, write an essay on the topic "Tactical training is the basis of field training, combat training, training units for skillful and coordinated actions in modern combat."
Additional materials to §68.
Running and crawling in combat
rushes are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas.
The length of the dash between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and should average 20-40 paces.
crawling It is used for imperceptibly approaching the enemy and covertly overcoming areas of terrain with minor shelters, uneven terrain.
Depending on the situation, the terrain and the fire, crawling is carried out in a plastunsky way, on half-fours and on the side (Fig. 37).
To crawl in a plastunsky way, you need to lie firmly on the ground, right hand take the weapon by the belt at the upper swivel and place it on the forearm of the right hand. Pull up the right (left) leg and at the same time stretch the left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, stretch out the other arm and continue moving in the same order.
To crawl on half-fours, kneel down and lean on your forearm or on your hands. Pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time stretch the left (right) arm forward. Move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully extended, while pulling the other under you bent leg, and, stretching out the other hand, continue to move in the same order. Hold the weapon: when resting on the forearm in the same way as when crawling in a plastunsky way, when relying on the hands in the right hand.
To crawl on your side, lie on your left side, pulling your left leg forward, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot rest your heel on the ground as close as possible to yourself; unbending the right leg, move the body forward without changing position, continue to move in the same order. Hold the weapon with the right hand, placing it on the thigh of the left leg.
End of lesson.
Homework. Prepare for retelling §68 "Duties of a soldier in battle"; complete tasks (heading "Assignments", p. 336).
Giving and commenting on ratings.
This topic is conducted by the lecture method, with sufficient knowledge of the Yunarmiya, by the method of interview, the questions of the main forms of tactical actions are emphasized: battle, strike and maneuver.
The battle- the main form of tactical actions of troops, is strikes, fire and maneuver of formations organized and coordinated in terms of purpose, place and time, military units and subunits in order to destroy (rout) the enemy, repel his offensive and carry out other tasks Combat types:
Combined arms;
Nautical;
Air;
Anti-air.
Components of combat:
The main types of warfare are defense And offensive . At the beginning of the war, the most important and most common type of combat operations will be defense.
An offensive can be undertaken after a long or short-term defense, during the transition to a counter-offensive and to develop success.
The types of warfare are closely related. In the course of hostilities, motorized rifle (tank) subunits and units can switch from one type to another, depending on the conditions of the situation and the tasks assigned.
critical tasks in a limited area for a certain time.
Hit– component operations, battles, hostilities, combat, which consists in the simultaneous defeat of groupings of troops, ground targets of the enemy by powerful impact on them with conventional weapons and troops. Strikes can be: depending on the weapons used and the forces involved - nuclear, fire and troop strikes; by means of delivery - rocket, artillery and aviation; according to the number of participating means and objects hit - massive, group and single.
Fire- defeating the enemy by shooting from various kinds weapons. It is conducted with the task of destroying, suppressing and exhausting the enemy or destroying his objects. Fire is different.
· according to the tactical tasks to be solved- destruction, suppression,
destruction, exhaustion, blinding, smoke, lighting;
· by way of doing- direct, semi-direct fire, from closed
firing positions, etc.
· by type of weapon- from small arms, grenade launchers, weapons
infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), tanks, artillery, mortars,
anti-tank guided missile systems, anti-aircraft weapons, etc.
· according to the intensity of the shooting- single shots, short
or long bursts, continuous, dagger (fire, opened
machine guns and machine guns suddenly at close range), volleys, etc.
· in the direction of fire- frontal (directed to the front
target), flank (directed to the flank of the target) and cross (leading
from two directions or more for one purpose)
· by way of shooting- from a place, from a stop (from a short stop), on the move, from a board, with dispersion in depth, over an area, etc.
· by type of fire- for a separate target, concentrated, barrage, multi-layer, multi-tiered, etc.
The defeat of the enemy can be inflicted by the fire of individual firing points or by the concentrated fire of a subunit.
Defeat armored vehicles and manpower of the enemy
achieved by the use of anti-tank and anti-personnel mines
When repulsing an armed enemy invasion, for timely
opening fire on his suddenly appearing low-flying aircraft,
helicopters and other air targets, each unit is assigned one or more fire weapons on duty. Depending on the situation, these air targets can be hit by concentrated unit fire.
Maneuver- organized movement of troops during a battle in order to occupy an advantageous position in relation to the enemy and create the necessary grouping of forces and means, as well as the transfer or retargeting (massage, distribution) of strikes and fire for the most effective defeat of the enemy.
Maneuver by subunits, strikes and fire makes it possible to seize and hold the initiative, frustrate the enemy's plans and successfully fight in a changed situation.
The maneuver must be simple in concept and carried out quickly, covertly and suddenly for the enemy. It should be based on the timely and most complete use of the results of enemy fire engagement.
The types of maneuver are envelopment, bypass, retreat, and maneuver by blows and fire.
Coverage- a maneuver carried out by the forces and means of military units (subunits) in order to reach the enemy's flank to strike. Coverage is carried out in close tactical and fire cooperation,
Bypass- a deep maneuver performed in order to release the forces and means of military units (subunits) to strike at the enemy from the rear. The bypass is carried out in tactical cooperation with the troops advancing from the front, and sometimes with tactical airborne assault.
waste- a maneuver carried out intentionally or involuntarily, in order to withdraw the forces and means of one's military units and subunits from the blows of superior enemy forces, gain time and occupy a more advantageous line (area). Withdrawal is carried out only with the permission or order of the senior commander.
Maneuver with strikes and fire consists in their simultaneous or sequential massing (concentration) on the most important objects of the enemy or in distribution (dispersion) to destroy several objects, as well as in redirecting them to new objects.
The purpose of the lesson: Introduce students to the basic duties of a soldier in combat.
Time: 2 hours
Lesson type: combined
Educational visual complex: OBZH textbook Grade 10, Combat Charter of the Ground Forces, presentation
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Introductory part
* Control of students' knowledge:
— What is modern combat?
- What characteristics of modern combined arms combat can you give?
- What does the tactical training of a soldier in the modern Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include?
- What is a means of destruction in battle with the use of only conventional weapons?
II. Main part
- announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson
- explanation of new material : § 62, pp. 294-297
In modern combined-arms combat, the role of the soldier is immeasurably increased.
A soldier bears personal responsibility for the defense of his Fatherland.
He must:
- not to spare one's strength and life itself in the performance of military duty;
- unquestioningly obey the commanders (chiefs) and protect them in battle;
- how to protect the battle banner of the unit as the apple of an eye;
- to the end to fulfill his military duty in battle.
Each soldier must:
- know the combat mission of the platoon, your squad (tank) and your mission;
- know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially vulnerabilities;
- know the volume and sequence of equipment fortifications;
- constantly monitor, simultaneously detect the enemy and immediately report him to the commander;
- act boldly and decisively on the offensive, steadfastly and stubbornly on the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, and help a comrade;
- skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of machines;
- be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, carry out camouflage, overcome barriers, obstacles and infection zones;
- to lay and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
- be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his aircraft, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know the most vulnerable places;
- to protect the commander in battle, in case of his injury or death, feel free to take command of the unit.
Additional material.(For the second lesson on this topic)
Running and crawling in combat.
rushes are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas.
The length of the dash between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and should average 20-40 paces.
crawling It is used for imperceptibly approaching the enemy and covertly overcoming areas of terrain with minor shelters, uneven terrain.
Depending on the situation, the terrain and the fire, crawling is done in a plastunsky way, on half-fours and on the side.
For crawling in a plastunski you need to lie down tightly on the ground, with your right hand take the weapon by the belt at the upper swivel and put it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up the right (left) leg and at the same time extend the left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, stretch out the other arm and continue moving in the same order.
For crawling on half-fours kneel down and lean on your forearm or on your hands. Pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time stretch the left (right) arm forward. Move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully extended, while pulling the other bent leg under you, and, stretching the other arm, continue to move in the same order. Hold the weapon: when resting on the forearm in the same way as when crawling in a plastunsky way, when relying on the hands in the right hand.
For crawling on the side lie on your left side, pulling forward left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of the left hand, with the right foot rest the heel on the ground as close as possible to yourself; unbending the right leg, move the body forward without changing position, continue to move in the same order. Hold the weapon with the right hand, placing it on the thigh of the left leg.
Conclusions:
- A soldier in battle is obliged to fulfill his military duty to the end, not to spare his strength and life itself.
- A soldier must know his military equipment and weapons well.
- A soldier must have a good knowledge of military equipment and weapons of the enemy.
- The main task of a soldier in battle is to destroy the enemy with all his might.
III. Fixing the material:
— What are the main duties of a soldier in modern combat?
How should a soldier act on the offensive?
How should a soldier act in combat?
- Why do you think the role of a soldier is immeasurably increased in modern combat?
Justify your answer.
- IV. Lesson summary
- V. Homework: 62, pp. 294-297. Task: Prepare a message on the topic: “The need
improvement of individual tactical training, taking into account
features of modern combat.
