Therapeutic gymnastics for kids. Therapeutic exercise: exercises for children

The success of the treatment of many diseases depends on various factors. And enough important role plays A complex approach, including the use of physical therapy techniques.

Physiotherapy(or as it is more often called exercise therapy) is often underestimated by parents and even some doctors, but in fact it can play one of the leading roles in the treatment of patients of different sex and age. In particular, competent physical activity helps children:

• Who are often worried about acute respiratory infections and SARS.
• With an asthenic figure.
• With overweight.
• With ailments of the musculoskeletal system, represented by flat feet, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, postural disorders.
• who lead a sedentary lifestyle.
• Those diagnosed with hyperactivity and other neurological disorders (behavioral pathologies, neuroses, etc.).

Physical therapy exercises for children are not just a set of different loads - this is a whole system that is carefully developed and offered for performance in specially equipped rooms under the supervision of an instructor. It is possible to conduct training complexes at home.

Goals

Therapeutic exercise in childhood can be an important part of the formation physical health child. In particular, a positive effect on immunity is exerted by:

• all sorts of aerobic exercise, represented by gymnastics, running, walking, aerobics.
• Breathing exercises.

There is evidence that exercise therapy is able to give a more noticeable and lasting effect than a balanced and varied diet.

Many children are characterized by the frequent occurrence of respiratory diseases, which lead to:

• Disorders of gas exchange.
• Not enough full-fledged activity of cardio-vascular system.
• Changes in metabolic processes.
• Decrease in protective and adaptive abilities.

As a rule, when the baby is sick, it physical activity naturally decreases. Even parents try to insist on limiting movements, including when the child's well-being is not too disturbed. However, doing physical therapy often helps speed up recovery:

• Improve the activity of the organs of the bronchopulmonary system, as well as the respiratory muscles.
• Make breathing deeper, add rhythm to it.
• Strengthen all respiratory muscles.
• Activate or improve the drainage functions of the bronchi, restore their patency, reduce the severity of inflammatory processes.
• Increase the activity of gas exchange and increase the flow of oxygen into the blood.
• Activate the synthesis of biologically active elements that can increase the body's resistance to aggressive pathogens.
• Prevent all kinds of complications, the development of chronic ailments, etc.
• Activate the work of the adrenal glands, in particular, the synthesis of anti-inflammatory hormones by them, which, in turn, helps to reduce sensitivity to all kinds of allergens.

Literate physical exercise in diseases in children, they help speed up the healing process and make it possible to prevent relapses of the disease. You can do exercise therapy only after stabilization of temperature indicators and improvement general condition baby.

Exercise therapy and lung diseases

Physical activity for bronchopulmonary ailments in children should be moderate with a gradually increasing intensity. It is best to start exercising after consulting a doctor and obtaining his approval. Physical therapy classes should be comprehensive and include:

• Breathing exercises.
• static exercises.
• dynamic load.
• General strengthening exercises.

In particular, children early age I like to engage in play. Usually, doctors advise starting loads with simple breathing exercises, for example, you can ask your baby:

• Blow into a tube or whistle.
• Inflate air balloons(different degrees of density).
• Blow soap bubbles.
• Blow on a boat that floats in a bowl.

After breathing exercises, you should complete the lesson with a series of massaging claps on chest- front as well as back.

Complex exercise therapy

Each exercise should be repeated several times. During the first lessons, it makes no sense to perform all the proposed load options, you can limit yourself to a few simple ones, and then supplement the complex with new and new exercises:

• The lesson begins with the child walking in place, raising his legs high, bent at the knees. At the same time, the arms make movements characteristic of walking, being bent at the elbows.
• The child bends in the back, simultaneously pushing the leg back and throwing straight arms behind the head. Stretches and returns to initial position and then repeat the exercise with the other leg.
• The child standing leans his body to the right, and then to the left. At the same time, the hands are pressed to the sides, when tilted to the right, the straight right hand goes down, and the left, bent at the elbow, goes up. When tilted to the left - vice versa.
• The child picks up an ordinary light hoop and winds it behind his back. After commits top torso turns in different directions.
• The child raises a light hoop above his head, then lowers it onto his shoulders, while simultaneously moving one leg back.
• To perform such an exercise, the child sits on a chair, leans on the back with a flat back and bends his legs at the knees alternately. You can lean on the chair seat with your hands.
• From the same position, the child raises his arms (without bending at the elbows) to the sides and up, then gently lowers them down.
• In the same position, the child picks up a stick, lifts it up and lowers it down to his knees.
• Now you need to sit on a chair without a back and, taking a stick in your hands, put it behind your back. Next, you need to make several tilts forward and backward.
• Then, sitting on a chair, lean on the back with an even back and raise your legs alternately, without bending them at the knee.
• In the same position, you need to stretch your arms to the sides and tilt to the right and left.
• In the same position, put your hands on your belt and make the same series of inclinations.
• Now the child should lie on his back and slightly raise his legs above the floor. You should perform a series of repetitions of the exercise "bike" and "scissors".
• The child should move on all fours, keeping his back straight.
• After that, he needs to lie on his stomach and stretch well, bending back. At the same time, the hands and head should come off the floor a little, and the legs should remain on the surface.
• To complete the complex, you need to stand up straight and, with deep and measured breathing, raise your hands back, up and then lower them down in front of you.

Usually each exercise should be repeated three to five times. No need to force the child to engage in force, it is better to turn gymnastics into fun game and do it together.

fun exercises

The complex can include a variety of game exercises for children:

• Crane. The child stands straight, while inhaling, he sharply raises his straight arms up (like wings), and on the exhale he lowers them down, making a lingering sound “u-u”.
• Bug. To perform this exercise, the child sits on the floor, puts his hands on his belt. After that, you need to turn the body to the right and take your right hand back, while inhaling. Exhaling, you need to return to the starting position and repeat the turn to the left, with the other hand.
• Flight. This exercise must be performed on the run, the child should wave his arms like wings, actively breathing.

When performing exercises, doctors advise children to actively pronounce buzzing and hissing sounds. Thanks to this, breathing will become cleaner, mucus residues will be removed from the bronchi.

About the rules

Physiotherapy exercises are not one hundred percent harmless, so it is better to perform classes, adhering to certain recommendations and rules:

• Before starting exercise, you should consult with your doctor. So, if the baby has certain pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, ordinary exercises can be categorically contraindicated for him.
• You need to load the children gradually, classes should not cause discomfort, let alone pain.
• You should practice at least forty-five minutes after a meal.
• Lethargy, weakness, capriciousness, temperature are categorical contraindications for exercise therapy.
• Classes should be carried out in a well-ventilated area.
• You can not do exercise therapy for heart pathologies, oncological diseases, a tendency to bleeding and other diseases. If the child has any health problems, the feasibility and type of physical activity should be discussed with the doctor.

Exercise therapy can be practiced even with infants. But the first lessons are best done under the supervision of an experienced specialist.

The main and most important function of the body is movement. Therapeutic Physical Culture(exercise therapy) - this is exactly the set of exercises that will help not only normalize the activity of the musculoskeletal system, but also improve the functioning of internal organs. Exercise therapy started on time can replace a long-term intake medicines and surgical interventions.

Exercises are divided not only according to the anatomical principle (for example, they can be aimed at improving the functioning of the muscles of the legs, arms, correcting posture, etc.), but also according to the degree of intensity. The range of possibilities of physical therapy is huge: these are sports and applied exercises, and therapeutic exercises. different types and breathing exercises. Self-selection of a set of exercises can cause significant harm to the body, because it is the development by a specialist individual program And medical control are the main differences between exercise therapy and other types of physical education.

Indications for the appointment of physiotherapy exercises

Exercise therapy is included in a comprehensive approach to treatment and prevention for existing problems from the following body systems:

• Musculoskeletal (exercise therapy is also indicated for coxarthrosis, postural disorders, osteochondrosis, scoliosis, etc.)
• nervous
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive

As one of the most important methods of rehabilitation or maintenance health exercise therapy also important for:

• Injuries
• Operations on the chest
• During pregnancy

The effectiveness of exercise therapy

The effectiveness of physical therapy is no longer a secret to anyone. On the one hand, it is a good assistant in complex therapy, on the other hand, The best way consolidate the results of the already completed treatment. In addition, exercise therapy is prescribed to prevent the development possible complications, slowing down the development of a disease, as well as for the purpose of general strengthening of the body. The mechanics of exercise therapy is quite simple - a set of exercises improves blood circulation in the muscles exposed to stress, has a positive effect on growth muscle strength helps to restore or increase joint mobility. Respiratory gymnastics, for its part, allows you to remove muscle spasms. Exercise therapy works most effectively in conjunction with massage and physiotherapy.

Exercise therapy for diseases of the musculoskeletal system

One of the most common cases of prescription of exercise therapy are situations associated with injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Unfortunately, the processes of impaired lymph and blood circulation in injured tissues are inevitable, moreover, they can even lead to necrosis. Such degenerative (negative) changes can cause both permanent limitation of joint mobility (contracture) and complete immobility (ankylosis). In this case, it is exercise therapy that tones up the central nervous system, improves blood flow to injured tissues, promotes their healing and restoration of elasticity and muscle strength.

The course of exercise therapy for such a problem is divided into three periods:

• Immobilization (reduction of pathological reactions of the body associated with an injury, strengthening of immunity, prevention of possible complications, such as thromboembolism, osteoporosis, pneumonia, muscle atrophy, etc.)
• Post-immobilization period (actually complete restoration of the lost capabilities of the musculoskeletal system)
• The final recovery period (elimination of possible residual effects associated with the disease, and consolidation of the result)

Exercise therapy for children is prescribed for the purpose of:

• Proper development and strengthening of the musculoskeletal system: muscles, joints and bones
• Prevention of scoliosis and flat feet and other orthopedic diseases
• Normalization of activities nervous system, combating tics and the consequences of injuries or prolonged immobility, restoring normal muscle tone
• Maintaining and restoring the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, digestive tract, lungs
• As part of the complex therapy of diseases of the internal organs and skeleton
• Prevention of complications or recurrence of diseases
• General strengthening of the body and the immune system

Indications for physiotherapy exercises are diseases of a very different profile:

• Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system: congenital conditions, injuries, etc.
• Chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system
• Diseases of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders
• Violations respiratory system: frequent bronchitis, bronchial asthma; rehabilitation after pneumonia
• Diseases gastrointestinal tract
• Disorders of nervous activity

Exercise therapy for the little ones

For infants of the first year of life, physical therapy is the foundation of the future healthy life. The sets of exercises at first consist mainly of passive and reflex movements, but as the baby develops, the specialist begins to add active components. It is useful to combine gymnastics for small children with massage.

MEDSI doctors know that exercise therapy has the most beneficial effect on the mental and physical state children. Exercise stimulates blood circulation and the activity of the nervous system, puts in order muscle tone, normalize the sleep and mood of the baby.

Thanks to the general strengthening effect of physiotherapy exercises, the child's body develops harmoniously. The risk of developmental delay is reduced to nothing, the baby begins to sit down, walk and talk on time or even a little earlier than his peers.

If a child is diagnosed with rickets or weight is reduced, physiotherapy exercises will prevent complications of the disease, help the skeletal system develop normally, improve appetite, and put metabolism in order.

Exercise therapy for children makes them more mobile, positive, resistant to diseases and stress.

Contraindications to the use of exercise therapy

• Fever and general ill health
• Bleeding or hemorrhagic diathesis
• High or low pressure
• Acute disease of the internal organs or exacerbation of a chronic disease
• Hyperesthesia (particularly in rickets)
• Large hernias
• Diseases in which there is increased bone fragility

There are not so many contraindications to the appointment of exercise therapy, basically they are all associated with the initial (acute) stage of the disease, injury or exacerbation of the chronicity, the presence of indications for surgical intervention. Over time and after the cessation of acute pain and inflammation, exercise therapy can be prescribed immediately.

Exercise therapy for children with posture disorders plays a very important role. With regular conduct of such gymnastics, the results become noticeable after a few months. In addition, therapeutic physical culture has a strengthening effect on the entire body.

Normal posture implies the symmetry of the whole body, the correct position of the spine. However, more and more children are suffering from correct posture. The reasons for this phenomenon are that modern children spend a lot of time in front of TVs, game consoles, computers and move very little.

This condition cannot be called an ailment in full sense this word. However, poor posture greatly increases the risk of developing various skeletal pathologies and more. Such a child is more likely to have diseases of the digestive tract, organs of the respiratory system, and a tendency to neurosis. This is due to the fact that the volume of the lungs decreases, all internal organs shift somewhat.

There are several types of this condition:

1. Kyphosis. A condition in which the physiological outward curves of the spine are enlarged and those directed inwards are flattened.
2. Scoliosis. Asymmetric posture, in which there is a displacement of the spinal column to one side. In this case, you can notice that the child's shoulders are asymmetrically located (one higher than the other).
3. Flat back. With such a pathology, all physiological curves of the spinal column are somewhat smoothed out.

Exercise therapy for violation of posture is almost a panacea for such children. After all, the children's body is just being formed, it is malleable, and all the shortcomings can be easily corrected. If such a condition is started, then in adulthood a person cannot avoid serious problems with the spinal column.

In order to correctly correct your posture, it is important to choose correct exercises. This is best done by an orthopedist, who should definitely show the child. Indeed, in advanced cases, gymnastics alone is not enough. Perhaps the doctor will recommend wearing a special corset or other orthosis, or even surgical treatment.

If we talk directly about the exercises of physiotherapy exercises, then there are those that are suitable for everyone. These are usually general strengthening exercises, breathing exercises, exercises for the development of coordination.

With kyphosis thoracic showing muscle strengthening exercises shoulder girdle while stretching the chest muscles.

The exercise therapy complex with a flat back is aimed at uniform strengthening of the muscles of the legs, shoulder girdle, and lumbar.

With an asymmetric posture (scoliosis), exercises are aimed at increasing the mobility of the spine, stretching it, and improving coordination of movements. It is important to observe the symmetry of body parts, so it is better to exercise in front of a mirror.

Very important point is the frequency of sessions therapeutic gymnastics. They need to be done daily until complete recovery. If you do the exercises 1-2 times a week, there will be no effect.

Exercise therapy complex for preschoolers:

1. Varied walking - on toes, with high knees - 30s.
2. Mahi. I. p. - o.s. Wave your arms up through the sides, rise on your toes - inhale, take ip - exhale.
3. Mahi with a gymnastic stick. I.p. - o.s., stick below. Raise the gymnastic stick up, reach for it - inhale, lower it down - exhale.
4. Move your legs. I.p. - lying on the stomach. Raise your legs, while the torso should not come off the floor.
5. "Martin". I.p. - the same. Lift up upper part torso, while the pelvis does not come off the floor.
6. "Swimmer". I.p. - o.s. Half-squat, bending your knees, take your hands back - inhale, take ip. - exhale. Make sure your child's back is straight.
7. Alternately stand on one leg with arms outstretched to the sides. Follow your posture.
8. Stand against the wall, while the back and the wall should have at least 2 points of contact.

Exercise therapy complex for school-age children:

1. Raise and lower your arms with the ball. Elbows should be spread apart.
2. Lower the ball behind your head and raise it over your head. The back is straight.
3. Put your hands behind your back - one from above, the other from below. Lock them up in a castle.
4. Do tilts to the sides with outstretched arms.
5. Lying on your back bend your back lumbar. The pelvis does not come off the floor.
6. Standing on your knees and palms, bend and arch your back in turn.
7. In the same position, simultaneously raise the right arm and leg, then the left.
8. Lying on your stomach, simultaneously raise your shoulders and legs. Hold on like this for a few seconds.
9. Simulate riding a bike while lying on your back.

It is very important to constantly monitor the correct position of the back of such children during exercise therapy. You need to breathe properly and deeply. After performing exercise therapy, you should calmly walk around and restore breathing.

In addition, such a sport as swimming remarkably corrects posture. It gives a uniform load on absolutely all muscles, and thereby develops them. Pulling up, hanging on the horizontal bar and just walking, in which the gymnastic stick is held with the hands behind the back, are also useful for such children.

It is important to remember that such a pathology is a completely correctable phenomenon. You just need to seek qualified help in time. The specialist will select the necessary exercise therapy complex for children with impaired posture, and then your child will be healthy!

It is important to start shaping early. childhood. Sedentary lifestyle associated with prolonged educational process and passion computer games leading to curvature of the spine. Incorrect posture caused by problems with the spinal column will also negatively affect the healthy development of internal organs. Regular exercise therapy for children is a chance to avoid the development of serious diseases or correct existing health problems.

Exercise therapy for violation of posture

Posture is an opportunity human body control their position in space, which is influenced by the action of external forces. This definition is true for a static posture and body position during movement.

At certain periods of the life of children (6-7, 13-15 years old) begins accelerated growth bone mass, internal organs intensively increase in size. If by this time their muscle tissue is “not prepared”, then the spine remains without “support”. It is vulnerable to the development of pathological changes, the formation of irregular bends. With such disorders in children, the range during breathing decreases, malfunctions in the digestive tract, heart and blood vessels begin. The development of myopia is observed.

To avoid such dangerous consequences, the child must regularly develop muscle mass. Starting from 5-6 years old, children aimed at the prevention of problems with the spine. If pathological changes have already begun, exercise therapy for children with impaired posture will come to the rescue.

The sooner classes begin, the easier it is to correct your posture.

Exercise therapy consists of a set of therapeutic exercises that perform the following tasks:

1. Train the muscles and ligaments of the back (used for prophylactic purposes);
2. Correct (used for identified posture defects).

Use posture exercises designed for children for the following purposes:

• Strengthen muscle tissue so as to achieve the correct symmetry;
• Develop the function of motor activity;
• Stimulate proper metabolism, heart and lung function;
• Stabilize the emotional background;
• Eliminate a slight degree of deformation;
• Stop the progression of complex forms.

Physical therapy classes in violation of posture in children of preschool and school age are carried out from 2 to 4 times a week for 2-3 months. Then a break of 1 month is taken and training is resumed. To achieve an effective result, the child must go through 4 such “approaches”, and each time the set of exercises is complicated.

Contraindications

• Diseases caused by acute inflammatory processes;
• Viral or infectious pathologies that cause elevated body temperature;
• severe joint or muscle pain;
• progressive scoliosis.

After the diseases have been eliminated, you can start exercising.

Preparatory stage

Despite the fact that exercise therapy is necessary for children, most of them are in no hurry to perform the right exercises. In this case, adults should come to their aid. Proper motivation and control are important components of the success of classes.

They prepare for classes after the doctor determines the type of posture disorder and excludes possible contraindications. Regardless of which set of exercises for violation of posture for children is determined by doctors, you need to prepare for them:

1. Eating should be done no earlier than 2 hours before class. Give preference to foods containing complex carbohydrates.
2. Always have drinking water with you.
3. Ventilate the room before training.
4. Engage in sportswear free cut so that it does not restrict movement.

Initially, classes are held in specially equipped rooms under the guidance of an instructor. Then, if the state of health and general well-being of the child allows, you can continue training at home.

Before classes, children are explained the rules of exercise at exercise therapy.

• You can not skip workouts without a good reason, reduce or increase their duration;
• During the exercise, be sure to monitor the correct breathing;
• Perform all movements slowly, without jerks;
• In case of pain and discomfort, inform the instructor;
• If you feel unwell on the day of classes, then they need to be canceled.

Like all physical education classes, therapeutic exercises perform in the following order:

1. Warm up;
2. Basic exercises;

Posture Correction Exercises

We give examples of execution basic exercises for children of different ages.

Warm up

Exercise 1

Classes begin with a warm-up. It should “prepare” the muscles and ligaments for subsequent loads, “warm up” them. For children 7 years old, you can start charging with such an exercise.

• Starting position (I.p.) - we stand straight with our hands down;
• During a deep breath, we slowly stand on our toes and raise our hands up;
• We pull our hands up, trying to "reach the ceiling";
• We return to the starting position, exhale.

For the correct "warm-up" you need 10 approaches.

Exercise 2

The following exercise is aimed at warming up the muscles of the arms and neck:

• I.p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms lowered along the body;
• Raise your shoulders in turn 5 times each;
• Making swings right hand 5 times;
• We do swings with the left hand 5 times;
• Circle with the right hand along the body 5 times in a circular motion;
• We repeat this movement with the left hand 5 times;
• Doing with two hands circular motions simultaneously 5 times;
• We return to I.p.

Exercise 3

Children 10 years old will be able to perform this exercise, intensively “kneading” the muscle and joint tissue:

• I.p. - stand with legs wide apart, hands down along the body;
• Walking in place with high knees for 2 minutes;
• Return to starting position;
• jump on right leg 5 times;
• Jump on the left leg 5 times;
• Jump on two legs 5 times;
• Jump, turning 180 degrees, 5 times;
• Return to starting position;

Basic exercises

Exercise 1

• I.p. - stand with legs wide apart and arms bent at the elbows;
• A gymnastic stick is placed on the back, holding it with the elbows;
• We bend forward, keeping our back straight;
• We return to I.p.

Exercise 2

• I.p. - standing, legs wide apart and arms bent at the elbows;
• We hold the gymnastic stick behind the back near the shoulders;
• Slowly raise your hands with a fixed stick up;
• We return to the starting position.

Exercise 3

• I.p. - lying on the stomach, with arms and legs straightened in line with the body;
• As you exhale, slowly raise your legs as high as possible;
• We return to I.p.

Exercise 4

• I.p. - standing on all fours, focusing on your knees;
• Inhale and lower your buttocks to your feet;
• Exhale and stretch your whole body forward, slowly arching your back;

Therapeutic exercise for children is not only a method of treating diseases that have already arisen, but also a way to prevent them with the help of physical exercises.

What are the benefits of exercise therapy?

Physical activity is a necessary condition for the normal development of a growing organism, which, unfortunately, adults often forget about. But children's physical education, in addition to therapeutic and preventive, also has an educational function: the baby acquires hygiene skills, learns the world around him and himself in it. Physical therapy exercises are important for the harmonious development of the musculoskeletal system in children of any age, the formation of posture in children of preschool and school age, as well as strengthening the spine and back muscles, and eliminating postural asymmetry in scoliosis.

Exercises are useful for the prevention and treatment of postural disorders, correction of flat feet, development of strength, agility, endurance, normalization of the endocrine system and strengthening of the immune system. Also, classes will be important for improving the adaptation of the child at school, increasing resistance to stress, improving academic performance in school-age children and improving the emotional background, hyposensitization (reducing sensitivity to allergens), as well as general strengthening of the body.

Types of loads

Exercise therapy can include not only sets of exercises, but also any kind active rest: games, sports, gymnastics, carried out in the form of a warm-up by the teacher during school lesson. Physical education for kids is characterized by activities in the form of a game. For school-age children, the classical gymnastic method of exercise therapy is also used.

Exercises are divided into general, used to strengthen the body as a whole, and special, affecting a specific system, for example, aimed at strengthening the spine, leg and back muscles with scoliosis and flat feet.

Allocate a large class dynamic exercises, which include active and passive movements, and the class static exercises aimed at maintaining a certain position of the body. Passive movements are often included in the gymnastics complex for children of the first year of life.

By nature, they distinguish: breathing, corrective, relaxing, stretching, coordination exercises. In babies up to a year, reflex exercises are used. During the preschool period, it is preferable to use a class of game exercises.

Contraindications

Classes are not indicated for acute and malignant diseases, bleeding, decompensated heart disease. Do not start classes if you have a fever, feel unwell, or have a heart rhythm disorder.

What are the rules to be followed while exercising?

Visit a doctor as an examination may be required, for example, for scoliosis. It is necessary to deal with a specialist who can correctly assess the state of health of the child. The load should gradually increase. Movement should not be painful. Avoid monotonous exercises, as preschool and primary school kids can get bored. The child should not be allowed to get tired.

You should not exercise on a full stomach, it is better to conduct classes 30 minutes before a meal or 45-50 minutes after it.

The room must be ventilated, the air temperature is not higher than 22 degrees. In children preschool age, and especially in children under one year old, classes should begin and end with stroking, it is also worth introducing this technique between performing movements. For older children, it is necessary to include breathing and relaxation exercises in the complex.

Observe the regularity and staging of classes: you need to start with a warm-up, followed by the main part and a hitch. The duration and number of exercise therapy courses is prescribed by a doctor, usually 2-3 courses are carried out during the year.

Exercises for children of the first year of life

At the age of one year, passive and reflex movements, as well as elements of massage, are mainly used. At the age of up to 3 months, stroking and reflex exercises are used:

• pressure on the sole at the base of the fingers (causes flexion of the fingers);
• running along the outer side of the sole towards the heel (causes the extension of the fingers);
• reflex crawling;
• holding big and index fingers along the spine from the bottom up (causes reflex extension of the spine);
• during classes, you should talk affectionately with the baby;
• after each exercise, stroking is performed.

In children older than 3 months, the complex includes a class of passive exercises:

• flexion and extension of the arms;
• spreading the arms and crossing them on the chest;
• bending the legs at the knees and hip joints;
• turn from back to stomach and vice versa;
• crawling behind an object;
• raising hands for a toy;
• exercises are carried out alternately with stroking, rubbing.

As the child learns to stand and walk, a class of active exercises is added:

• warm-up and cool-down in the form of passive movements;
• stomping in place;
• assisted walking;
• tilt for a toy;
• overstepping the barrier.

Remember that physical therapy exercises from an early age contribute to uniform muscle strengthening, prevention of spinal curvature and the formation of correct posture from childhood, because the main class of disorders in the preschool period is scoliosis and flat feet.

Exercises for scoliosis and gait disorders

The main task in scoliosis is to strengthen the muscles of the back and create muscle corset for supporting right position spine. Remember: Your child may need individual complex posture correction, for the development of which you need to contact a specialist! With rapidly progressive scoliosis (with an increase in the angle of curvature of the spine more than 10 degrees during the year), surgery may be required!

An approximate set of exercises for scoliosis of the 1st degree:

Start with a warm-up, installation and control of correct posture.

Walking in a circle with the control of posture in the mirror for 1 minute.

Walking with straight arms raised for 40 seconds.

Walking on toes with outstretched arms - 40 seconds.

Walking on heels - 30 seconds.

Alternately throwing straight arms up (10-12 times).

Body tilts to the sides (10 times).

Hands on the belt, heels together, socks apart. Sit down, stretching your arms forward, return to the starting position (10-15 times).

uplift gymnastic stick up and straight leg abduction back (4-6) times.

Bending the legs at the knee and hip joints from a supine position, hands behind the head (6-8 times). The performance is slow, with tension in the back muscles.

Exercise "bike" (6-8 times).

Alternately lifting straight legs from a prone position (4-6 times).

Lying on your back, arms bent at the elbows. Bending the back with emphasis on the elbows and heels (3-4 times).

Raising a large ball on outstretched arms (8-10 times).

Walking with high knees - 2-3 minutes.

Walking at a slow pace.

Posture control.

Active movements alternate with exercises to relax the muscles of the back and breathing exercises. For children of preschool and primary school age, an element of the game is added to the exercise therapy complex for scoliosis and other postural disorders.

Exercises for flat feet

Flat feet occur due to the weakness of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus of the lower leg and foot. aim exercise therapy with flat feet is to strengthen these muscles and ligaments. Correction of this disease is also extremely important because it affects the condition of the joints, back and spine. How younger child, the more effective treatment will be for such a violation, it is preferable to start from preschool age.
The main class of exercises for flat feet is walking:

Start with a general warm-up.

Walking on toes.

Walking with support on the outer edge of the foot.

Walking with bent toes and adducted feet.

Capturing and moving the ball with the feet.

Grasping the fingers of the foot of the stick.

Log walking.

These exercises are used not only for flat feet, but also for its prevention.

When walking in the warm season, preschool children can take off their shoes and walk barefoot on the ground, grass, which improves mood, strengthens the muscles of the legs, hardens, and is useful not only for flat feet, but also for violations of posture and gait.