Physical education at school. Physical education in schools

Physical Culture At school

Physical education at school is crucial for the education of a full-fledged, holistic personality of a student. After all, physical education at school solves the problem of not only maintaining and strengthening health, but also increasing the level of sociability and social activity of the child.
Physical education at school takes place either in a specially equipped gym, or on the street, also on a specially equipped site. Both in the gym and on the site, certain conditions are created in accordance with state regulations. In the gym, the standards regulate how many students can work out in a given area, what should be the height of the ceilings, ventilation and heating, how many utility rooms and changing rooms should be, how many showers and rest rooms, what sports equipment must be present. On the court, the standards regulate how football goals, basketball baskets and volleyball nets should be located.
Physical education at school, each of its lessons, usually consists of three sections: introductory, main and final. The introductory part, or warm-up, prepares the body for the load. The main part is intended for learning new exercises, as well as for running, jumping, throwing, climbing, for coordination exercises, moving sports games, relay. The final part is intended for the body to return to normal in the right way, to improve breathing and pulse.
The least tiring for children is independent physical activity Therefore, physical education at school often offers children the conditions for its implementation. This can happen both in the gym and on the street, with or without special equipment, with or without a specific purpose.
Often physical education at school, especially if it is a certain system of exercises, is carried out to music. This develops hearing, a sense of rhythm, and the attention of schoolchildren.
Physical education at school is not limited to physical education lessons alone. Physical education at school is also the so-called physical minutes, which are held during other lessons. They are necessary to relieve physical and mental stress. Unfortunately, today, physical education sessions in schools are held mainly in the primary grades and, with very rare exceptions, in the middle grades. And in this sense, they completely forgot about high school students. But teachers completely in vain neglect physical education minutes, because having spent a couple of minutes to relieve stress, they would have received greater performance in the end.
Physical education at school is necessarily accompanied by medical examinations. The purpose of medical examinations is to assess the state of health, development and level physical training schoolchildren. The data of medical examinations allow the doctor to recommend certain types of physical exercises, the amount of load, methods of their application.
Physical education at school in grades 1-3 continues the work of preschool institutions. Namely, physical education at school in the primary grades continues to develop endurance, agility, strength of arms and legs, coordination of movements, skills of participation in team games. And physical education does this at school, taking into account the physical and mental characteristics of the child's body, inherent in a certain age.

Physical education at school in the primary grades continues to teach children:
breathe correctly, combine breathing with movement;
complicated walking and running;
running with obstacles;
the initial skills of long jumps and high jumps with a run;
toss and catch the ball with one and two hands;

throw the ball at a target at different distances;
climb different ways along the gymnastic wall;
elements of sports team games;

often teach swimming, skiing.
Physical education at school in the senior classes is carried out in more diverse forms. These forms are interconnected, complement each other and represent a single process of physical education. Physical education at school in older grades should include teaching the basics of psychoregulation, hardening, massage and self-control.
Physical education in high school is designed to form a habit of physical education for the rest of your life. Physical education at school should bring up an orientation towards a healthy lifestyle. Physical education at school in high school should stimulate a person to further physical education, including independently.
It is important to note that physical education at school is of great importance in the prevention of antisocial behavior of schoolchildren.
Physical education at school has its own problems. Among them we can name the problem of physical education of children with various deviations in the state of mental and physical health. Such children are often simply released from classes, but weakened children are even more in need of the beneficial effects of physical education on the body. Teachers should pay particular attention to this.

Preparation for Olympiads in Physical Education

Classes

For schoolchildren of grades 9-11 who are interested in physical culture, classes are held to prepare for participation in various stages All-Russian Olympiad on a budgetary basis.

Are you just starting your Olympiad path, or are you already familiar with its format? We will be happy to help everyone prepare. For beginners, the Circle of Champions of the Association of Olympiad Winners is always open, and experienced participants can get into the Moscow physical education team.

Training takes place throughout the year in various areas:

theoretical and methodological classes;
practical training various types sports ( Athletics, sports games, gymnastics, applied physical culture).

Head coach team Natalia Anatolyevna Gudeleva with coaching staff(teachers, teachers of RSUPESY&T, students of RSUPESY&T) trains children who have already shown quite good results at the Olympiad. These are students of grades 10 and 11 with a score above 74 points at the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad last year. There are also spring and autumn rounds of selection for grades 8-11, according to the results of which students are invited to classes.

After the regional stage, intensive training sessions are held to prepare the Moscow team for final stage. The guys train 4-6 times a week, and also participate in mandatory training camps.

Self-training

Literature and Internet resources that may be useful in self-preparation for All-Russian Olympiad, collected on the page http://info.olimpiada.ru/intro/pcul .

In addition, online courses for schoolchildren are launched every year for the municipal stage. For all 24 subjects of the Olympiad, materials for preparation, organizational information and expert advice are published. Participants can ask questions of the jury and file appeals. You can register for courses using an invitation issued by the school along with the participant list.

Nowadays, society does not attach due importance to physical education lessons at school. Someone thinks that there is nothing interesting and useful in physical education lessons at school and it is better for the child to take additional lessons, while someone is just too lazy and he / she does not go to these lessons out of principle. An even more frightening trend is the fact that the promotion of a lifestyle in which sport has an important and fundamental role has come to naught in our country. That is why it is necessary to understand and realize what is the usefulness of physical education lessons at school.

Approximate standards from grades 1 to 11

Exercises	boys				Girls
	5	4	3		5	4	3
Run 30 m (sec)	6,1	6,9	7,0		6.6	7,4	7,5
"Shuttle run" 3x10 m (sec.)	9.9	10.8	11,2		10.2	11,3	11,7
Skiing 1 km.	8.30	9,00	9,30		9.00	9,30	10,0
Cross 1000 m. (min., sec.)	without time				without time
Standing long jump (cm)	140	115	100		130	110	90
Medicine ball throw (cm)	295	235	195		245	220	200
Throwing a small ball 150g (m)	20	15	10		15	10	5
Throwing at a target from 6 m	3	2	1		3	2	1
Jumping rope for 1 min.	40	30	15		50	30	20
Raising the body for 1 min.	30	26	18		18	15	13
Hanging pull-ups (times)	4	2	1
Hanging pull-ups (times)					12	8	2
Sitting Forward Bend (cm)	9	3	1		12,5	6	2

Exercises Grade 2, approximate standards	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	12,0	12,8	13,2	12,4	12,8	13,2
Shuttle run 3 × 10 m, sec	9,1	10,0	10,4	9,7	10,7	11,2
Run 30 m, s	5,4	7,0	7,1	5,6	7,2	7,3
Running 1.000 meters	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	165	125	110	155	125	100
	80	75	70	70	65	60
	70	60	50	80	70	60
Pull-ups on the bar	4	2	1
	23	21	19	28	26	24
Squats (number of times / min)	40	38	36	38	36	34
Multi-jumps - 8 m jumps	12	10	8	12	10	8

Exercises grade 3, approximate standards	boys
Shuttle run 3 × 10 m, sec	8,8	9,9	10,2	9,3	10,3	10,8
Run 30 m, s	5,1	6,7	6,8	5,3	6,7	7,0
Running 1.000 meters	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	175	130	120	160	135	110
High jump way of stepping over, cm	85	80	75	75	70	65
Jumping rope (number of times / min.)	80	70	60	90	80	70
Pull-ups on the bar	5	3	1
Throwing tennis ball, m	18	15	12	15	12	10
Lifting the body from a supine position (number of times / min)	25	23	21	30	28	26
Squats (number of times / min)	42	40	38	40	38	36
Multi-jumps - 8 m jumps	13	11	9	13	11	9
	6	4	2	5	3	1

Exercises grade 4, approximate standards	boys
Shuttle run 3 × 10 m, sec	8,6	9,5	9,9	9,1	10,0	10,4
Run 30 m, s	5,0	6,5	6,6	5,2	6,5	6,6
Run 1.000 meters, min	5,50	6,10	6,50	6,10	6,30	6,50
Standing long jump, cm	185	140	130	170	140	120
High jump way of stepping over, cm	90	85	80	80	75	70
Jumping rope (number of times / min.)	90	80	70	100	90	80
Pull-ups on the bar	5	3	1
Ball throwing, m	21	18	15	18	15	12
Lifting the body from a supine position (number of times / min)	28	25	23	33	30	28
Squats (number of times / min)	44	42	40	42	40	38
Multi-jumps - 8 m jumps	15	14	13	14	13	12
Pistols, based on one arm, on the right and left legs (number of times). (m)	7	5	3	6	4	2

Exercises, grade 5	boys			Girls
	5	4	3	5	4	3
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	10,2	10,7	11,3	10,5	11,0	11,7
Run 30 m, s	5,5	6,0	6,5	5,7	6,2	6,7
Run 60 m, s	10,0	10,6	11,2	10,4	10,8	11,4
Run 300 m, min, s	1,02	1,06	1,12	1,05	1,10	1,15
Run 1000 m, min, s	4,30	4,50	5,20	4,50	5,10	5,40
Run 2000 m	Without regard to time
Cross 1.5 km, min, s	8,50	9,30	10,0	9,00	9,40	10,30
Hanging bar pull-ups, times	7	5	3
Pull-ups on the low bar from hanging lying down, times				15	10	8
Flexion and extension of the arms in the lying position	17	12	7	12	8	3
Raising the body from a supine position, arms crossed on the chest for 1 min, times	39	33	27	28	23	20
Standing long jump, cm	170	160	140	160	150	130
Long jump with a run, cm	340	300	260	300	260	220
Running high jump, cm	110	100	85	105	95	80
Cross-country skiing 1 km, min, sec	6,30	7,00	7,40	7,00	7,30	8,10
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min, sec	Without regard to time
Simultaneous stepless running herringbone climb Descent into the "gates" of sticks Plow braking	Ski technique
Dribbling in basketball
Jumping rope in 1 minute	70	60	55	60	50	30
Rope jump, 15 sec, times	34	32	30	38	36	34
Swimming without time, m	50	25	12	25	20	12

Exercises, 6th grade	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	10,0	10,5	11,5	10,3	10,7	11,5
Run 30 m, s	5,5	5,8	6,2	5,8	6,1	6,5
Run 60 m, s	9,8	10,2	11,1	10,0	10,7	11,3
Run 500 meters, min				2,22	2,55	3,20
Run 1.000 meters, min	4,20	4,45	5,15
Running 2.000 meters	without time
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min	13,30	14,00	14,30	14,00	14,30	15,00
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	19,00	20,00	22,00
Standing long jump, cm	175	165	145	165	155	140
Pull-ups on the bar	8	6	4
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	20	15	10	15	10	5
	10	6	3	14	11	8
	40	35	25	35	30	20
	46	44	42	48	46	44

Exercises, 7th grade	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	9,8	10,3	10,8	10,1	10,5	11,3
Run 30 m, s	5,0	5,3	5,6	5,3	5,6	6,0
Run 60 m, s	9,4	10,0	10,8	9,8	10,4	11,2
Run 500 meters, min				2,15	2,25	2,40
Run 1.000 meters, min	4,10	4,30	5,00
Run 2.000 meters, min	9,30	10,15	11,15	11,00	12,40	13,50
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min	12,30	13,30	14,00	13,30	14,00	15,00
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	18,00	19,00	20,00	20,00	25,00	28,00
Standing long jump, cm	180	170	150	170	160	145
Pull-ups on the bar	9	7	5
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	23	18	13	18	12	8
Forward bend from a seated position	11	7	4	16	13	9
Lifting the body in 1 min from a prone position (pres), times	45	40	35	38	33	25
Jump rope in 20 seconds	46	44	42	52	50	48

Exercises, 8th grade	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	9,6	10,1	10,6	10,0	10,4	11,2
Run 30 m, s	4,8	5,1	5,4	5,1	5,6	6,0
Run 60 m, s	9,0	9,7	10,5	9,7	10,4	10,8
Run 1.000 meters, min	3,50	4,20	4,50	4,20	4,50	5,15
Run 2.000 meters, min	9,00	9,45	10,30	10,50	12,30	13,20
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	16,00	17,00	18,00	19,30	20,30	22,30
Cross-country skiing 5 km, min	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	190	180	165	175	165	156
Pull-ups on the bar	10	8	5
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	25	20	15	19	13	9
Forward bend from a seated position	12	8	5	18	15	10
Lifting the body in 1 min from a prone position (pres), times	48	43	38	38	33	25
	56	54	52	62	60	58

Exercises, grade 9	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	9,4	9,9	10,4	9,8	10,2	11,0
Run 30 m, s	4,6	4,9	5,3	5,0	5,5	5,9
Run 60 m, s	8,5	9,2	10,0	9,4	10,0	10,5
Run 2.000 meters, min	8,20	9,20	9,45	10,00	11,20	12,05
Cross-country skiing 1 km, min	4,30	4,50	5,20	5,45	6,15	7,00
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min	10,20	10,40	11,10	12,00	12,45	13,30
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	15,30	16,00	17,00	19,00	20,00	21,30
Cross-country skiing 5 km, min	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	210	200	180	180	170	155
Pull-ups on the bar	11	9	6
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	32	27	22	20	15	10
Forward bend from a seated position	13	11	6	20	15	13
Lifting the body in 1 min from a prone position (pres), times	50	45	40	40	35	26
Jump rope in 25 seconds	58	56	54	66	64	62

Exercises, 10th grade	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	9,3	9,7	10,2	9,7	10,1	10,8
Run 30 m, s	4,7	5,2	5,7	5,4	5,8	6,2
Run 100 m, s	14,4	14,8	15,5	16,5	17,2	18,2
Run 2 km, min				10,20	11,15	12,10
Run 3 km meters, min	12,40	13,30	14,30
Cross-country skiing 1 km, min	4,40	5,00	5,30	6,00	6,30	7,10
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min	10,30	10,50	11,20	12,15	13,00	13,40
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	14,40	15,10	16,00	18,30	19,30	21,00
Cross-country skiing 5 km, min	26,00	27,00	29,00	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	220	210	190	185	170	160
Pull-ups on the bar	12	10	7
	3	2	1
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	32	27	22	20	15	10
	10	7	4
Rope climbing without legs, m	5	4	3
Forward bend from a seated position	14	12	7	22	18	13
Lifting the body in 1 min from a prone position (pres), times	52	47	42	40	35	30
Jump rope in 25 seconds	65	60	50	75	70	60

Exercises, 11th grade	boys
Shuttle run 4 × 9 m, sec	9,2	9,6	10,1	9,8	10,2	11,0
Run 30 m, s	4,4	4,7	5,1	5,0	5,3	5,7
Run 100 m, s	13,8	14,2	15,0	16,2	17,0	18,0
Run 2 km, min				10,00	11,10	12,20
Run 3 km meters, min	12,20	13,00	14,00
Cross-country skiing 1 km, min	4,30	4,50	5,20	5,45	6,15	7,00
Cross-country skiing 2 km, min	10,20	10,40	11,10	12,00	12,45	13,30
Cross-country skiing 3 km, min	14,30	15,00	15,50	18,00	19,00	20,00
Cross-country skiing 5 km, min	25,00	26,00	28,00	without regard to time
Cross-country skiing 10 km, min	without regard to time
Standing long jump, cm	230	220	200	185	170	155
Pull-ups on the bar	14	11	8
Lifting a coup in an emphasis on a high crossbar	4	3	2
Push-ups in an emphasis lying	32	27	22	20	15	10
Tilt forward from sitting position, cm	15	13	8	24	20	13
Flexion and extension of the arms in emphasis on the uneven bars, times	12	10	7
Forward bend from a seated position	14	12	7	22	18	13
Lifting the body in 1 min from a prone position (pres), times	55	49	45	42	36	30
Jump rope in 30 seconds	70	65	55	80	75	65
Jump rope in 60 seconds	130	125	120	133	110	70

Many parents believe that physical education teachers at school are people who have nothing to do with sports or sports education. It is immediately important to note that this statement is fundamentally not true. First of all, it is necessary to realize that in our days, not being professional athlete in the past or by a person who has sports education, it is almost impossible to get a job in a school as a physical education teacher. This fact indicates that all those children who will be engaged in physical education at school under the supervision of a specialist practitioner or theorist (depending on the type of teacher’s previous activity) will at least be able to achieve good results in certain sports disciplines, if they want to .

It is very important that people attending physical education classes develop motivational qualities in themselves. If we compare in ordinary life people who paid attention to sports and those who never wore sports suit, then the difference in life motivation is visible to the naked eye. People involved in physical education, and therefore the majority of those who attend physical education classes at school, are much more successful, since even in their school years in physical education classes they develop such qualities as determination and overcoming themselves.

According to statistics, those who do not attend physical education classes on a regular basis are twice as likely to get sick during flu epidemics than those who regularly attend physical education classes. As a result, those who get sick more often have a large number of problems with academic performance, for the reason that they attend fewer classes at school. It would seem that skipping classes at school and unwillingness to attend physical education classes at first sight are in no way connected. However, if we trace the cause-and-effect relationship described above, it becomes clear why it is so important to go to physical education classes and not look for excuses for ourselves to once again sit on the bench, while classmates pass standards or just play sport games.

If all of the above arguments are not convincing enough, then a small experiment should be conducted. The student is required to compare his state of health for two months. Let him not go to sports at school for one month and sit on the bench. In another month, you must attend all physical education classes and follow all the instructions of the teacher. Each day of these two days, it is necessary to leave an entry in a special diary in which the student will leave his impressions of well-being and general condition organism. After two months, reread the diary and compare your entries. Surely the conclusions for many will be amazing, but what they will be can be found out by conducting this experiment.

Of course, it is rather difficult to call modern school physical education perfect. Yes, and there are many reasons for this. But if you approach this lesson more carefully, consider what the teachers offer, do not try to dodge and hide somewhere in the gateway, then in the future it will be possible to express many thanks to the teachers for this.

Now let's move away from high-profile phrases and try to figure out what real benefit being in the gym, or sports ground. First of all, it's a matter of physiology. A growing young organism requires mobility in order to be able to disperse blood throughout the body. That is why children are at recess and demolish ceilings in corridors or classrooms. And the more you try to keep them in the strictest discipline, the louder they will scream at recess.

Physical education lessons are designed to balance this imbalance. Properly constructed physical warm-up allows you to disperse excess energy throughout the body. In this case, there is no overwork, as well as the danger of stretching or other kind of injury. Moreover, thanks to the active exercise there is a moral recharge of the body, when the brain is temporarily disconnected from complex mathematical calculations, or thoughts about a literary plot, allowing a person to refresh his thoughts. In the future, this helps to cope with challenging tasks that you have left for last.

Among other things, physical education sometimes allows you to show hidden talents in a person, which in a different environment he will simply be embarrassed to show. After all, here, in fact, everyone is equal and everyone is on an equal footing, when few people will joke about your success. But an experienced teacher will be able to assess the potential and develop it in the future. This is how future football players, volleyball players, basketball players, and athletes manifest themselves. Many after visiting the gym want to develop themselves, improve their bodies and improve their health. And this is precisely what is valuable in school physical education, as a source of limitless opportunities in the future.

The harmonious development of a modern person largely depends on physical education lessons, which involve not only practical, but also theoretical study of it. Teachers should pay special attention to how they are acquired by students, and constantly check the knowledge and skills of students. This can be done with the help of our Aida website, which constantly hosts physical education olympiads for schoolchildren.

Testing knowledge in physical education through online olympiads

Online Olympiads on our website are free for participants, are ongoing, and you can take them at any convenient time. Online Olympiads are testing, which includes fifteen multiple-choice questions. Students are asked to choose the correct option. The more there are, the more successful the Olympiad will be. Its results appear immediately after the end of testing. This may be the first, second, third place, the place of the laureate or participant.

Olympiads in physical education involve accepting works from practical advice, which are created by students under the guidance of a teacher. They are considered by the competitive jury for two days after receipt, and then the authors of the works also receive first, second, third place, become participants or laureates.

According to the results of the Olympiads, students together with teachers can receive diplomas that cost 89 rubles. They include the surname, name, patronymic of the teacher and student, the results of the Olympiads, their date. Diplomas are assigned an individual number. They are issued a few minutes after receipt of payment in electronic form, then, if necessary, printed on paper.

Certification of physical education teachers

Diplomas that schoolchildren receive after physical education Olympiads can be used by teachers for advanced training. They are attached to the portfolio and shown along with it to the certification committee. This will help speed up the process of professional development, resulting in a significant increase in wages. The more active the participation of schoolchildren in physical education Olympiads, the more diplomas their teacher can receive. And the sooner it will be assigned a new, more promising category.

Physical education has acquired particular importance at the present time in schools. What's happened physical education V educational organization? How can you build planning for this academic discipline? We will look for answers to these questions in order to understand the essence and specifics of teaching physical education in a timely school.

Role and place in the educational institution

What is the place of sports in national education? Let's start with the fact that at present one hour of teaching this academic discipline has been added in all classes.

The reason for this decision was a significant deterioration in the physical health of the younger generation, as well as the lack of a positive attitude towards healthy lifestyle life of schoolchildren.

The Federal State Educational Standards for Physical Education are designed so that the main focus of teachers is on maintaining the health of schoolchildren, shaping their active desire to play sports.

The structure of the lesson and its features

Lessons are held in the gym or on the street. The program is compiled so that each lesson has three sections:

• introductory part;
• main content;
• conclusion.

At the introductory stage, the teacher offers the children exercises in the form of a warm-up. The main unit is designed for learning new game, exercises, throwing, jumping, rope climbing, running, tasks for coordination of movements, outdoor games, team relay races.

In the final part of the lesson, the teacher of physical culture gives the children time to adjust their pulse and breathing, to bring their body back to its normal mode of functioning.

Important Aspects

What does the term "physical culture" mean? What is school physical education? It should be noted that physical education in an ordinary school is not limited only to lessons, it can also be attributed to small unloading physical minutes, which are carried out not only by physical education teachers, but also by teachers of other academic disciplines.

It is also necessary to include systematic medical examinations conducted annually in educational institutions. They are designed to assess the development, health status, and physical fitness of students. Taken together, all this is physical culture. What is a physical education program for a Russian school? Let's dwell on this issue in more detail.

Program specifics

It has several forms and components:

• base part;
• rehabilitation and health part;
• "background" physical culture.

The first part is the fundamental basis of the subject. It includes a system of educational and educational goals, as well as the selection of methods and methods of work that contribute to the achievement of the goals and objectives. It is on this part that physical culture is based. What is the wellness part of the program? The teacher is obliged to fully fulfill the social order, to create optimal conditions to preserve the physical health of the younger generation.

That is why the regular program for this academic discipline additionally (if necessary) includes sets of exercises that contribute to the correction of various skills. For example, a teacher does with children as part of a physical education lesson breathing exercises, exercises for posture correction.

Primary School Program

It includes elements that involve the development of endurance, agility, coordination of movements, teamwork skills. In physical education classes, the teacher teaches children the basics correct breathing, combining it with movements.

The program includes familiarization with the elements of team and sports games, learning to swim, rope climbing, throwing a ball at different distances, throwing it into a volleyball net.

Features of the physical education program for high school students

At the senior level of education, the teacher uses a variety of methods of work to organize lessons. They are one set methodological techniques, allowing to build for each pupil their own developmental trajectory, to instill in adolescents a positive attitude towards sports, a healthy lifestyle.

Lessons include learning the skills of hardening, psychoregulation, self-control, massage. This subject is aimed at forming in high school students the habit of playing sports for the rest of their lives. It is this subject that allows teachers to prevent the associative behavior of high school students.

An explanatory note is drawn up, in which all the main techniques and methods of work are noted. Relevance and features of physical education.

Next, the teacher writes the lesson thematic planning, indicating the number of hours allocated to each game, exercise, run, and other activity. According to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, special attention is paid to those universal skills that schoolchildren must master.