Physiotherapy how to do them. Therapeutic exercise (LFK)

• Individual approach to the patient in accordance with his motor abilities and condition.
• Consciousness - a meaningful attitude of the patient to the proposed physical exercises, the direct active participation of the patient himself in the process of performing exercise and control of the correctness of their implementation, which is achieved by a skillful explanation of the methodologist.
• visibility - demonstration of physical exercises in combination with an explanation.
• Systematic - regularity of classes with a gradual and consistent increase in load: from simple exercises to more complex ones, from known to unknown (at each lesson, include one complex new exercise or 2 simple ones).
• The principle of consolidating skills - exercise regularly so as not to lose the results achieved.
• cyclicality alternating exercise with rest.

Forms of therapeutic physical culture

• Hygienic (morning) exercises prepares the body for daily activity after sleep, which reduces the activity of nervous processes and muscle tension. During sleep, the pulse and breathing become less frequent, the activity of nervous processes decreases, intestinal peristalsis slows down, digestion processes slow down, and metabolism decreases. Hygienic gymnastics is designed to activate all these processes. Classes are held before breakfast in the absence of contraindications (determined by the doctor) in a ventilated room in light clothing that does not restrict movement for 15-20 minutes, preferably to the accompaniment of music.
  The gymnastics complex consists of 10-15 exercises from different starting positions for all muscle groups, including exercises for coordination, flexibility, relaxation, correcting posture, self-massage. The load must correspond to the state of health, age, gender, physical development. For men, it is recommended to include strength exercises: with dumbbells, expanders, with moderate static stress; for women - exercises to develop flexibility, strengthen muscles abdominals, pelvic floor; older people should avoid strength exercises, widely use breathing exercises and for muscle relaxation, self-massage of the head and neck to improve the blood supply to the vessels of the brain, children need to include exercises to correct posture, to develop flexibility, coordination of movements and balance.
• Physiotherapy - the main form, including self-study by patients (fractional load), in which mainly gymnastic exercises are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
• walks(walking, skiing, biking, boating).
• Middle tourism– Hiking for 1-3 days reduces stress nervous system, improve vegetative functions.
• Health running (jogging), during which all skeletal muscles are involved and the nervous system experiences significant stress.

Methods for organizing classes

• Individual (with seriously ill patients).
• Group (according to the principle of a single nature of the disease or injury and the level functional state organism).
• Independent.

Each lesson includes three sections: introductory, main and final. Introductory section(warm-up) consists of several general developmental exercises, consistently covering all muscles, takes 10-20% of the total time. Main section takes 60-80% of the total time, consists of special exercises in relation to this disease, which are necessarily alternated with general developmental exercises. Final section takes 10-20% of the total time. The load is gradually reduced in order to normalize the increased activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (slow walking combined with deep breathing).

Movement modes established by the attending physician strictly individually.

For hospitals

Mode I

• Strict bed rest prescribed for seriously ill patients - light massage, passive exercises for limbs with incomplete and full range of motion 2-3 times a day for 5-10 minutes and every hour deep static breathing.
• Extended bed rest appoint at the general satisfactory condition of the patient. Allow active eating and active toilet, independent turns on the side, transition to a sitting position in bed 2-6 times a day for 5-40 minutes, elementary exercises for limbs with breathing exercises.

Mode II

• Semi-bed (ward)- staying in the ward out of bed sitting 50% of the time, moving around the floor, walking slowly (at a speed of 60 steps per minute) at a distance of 100-150 m. Therapeutic exercises are performed according to individual indications: in the initial position lying, sitting, standing, you can items weighing up to 0.5 kg. Gradually include exercises for the muscles of the body. The duration of the lessons is 20-25 minutes.

Mode III

• Free- walks within the hospital, for a distance of up to 1 km at a speed with rest every 200 m at a speed of 60-80 steps per 1 minute. Classes are held in the gym for 25-30 minutes. Use objects weighing up to 1 kg, games.

The pulse rate in adults should not exceed 108 in adults and 120 beats per minute in children.

For clinics, sanatoriums and resorts

• Gentle (for the emaciated, overtired and recovering) is similar to free mode. They also allow dosed walking on flat terrain for a distance of 1.5-3 km at a slow and medium pace, resting every 10-20 minutes, swimming with the use of supportive means for 10-20 minutes.
• Gentle-training- physical activity is complicated, exercises are performed for 30-45 minutes, with objects (weighing up to 3 kg), on shells. Dosed walking on flat terrain at an average and fast pace for an hour for a distance of up to 4 km is prescribed, a health path with a rise of 5-10 degrees for a distance of 2-3 km for 1 hour with a rest every 10-15 minutes, swimming for 10 -30 minutes. They use boating with rowing, volleyball, badminton, tennis.
• Coaching the regime is prescribed to persons without pronounced deviations in the state of health and physical development, that is, practically healthy people. The physical load is large, dosed walking and running are prescribed. Sport games spend on general rules. An increase in heart rate up to 120-150 beats per 1 minute is acceptable (in the elderly, up to 120-130 beats per 1 minute), an increase in systolic blood pressure up to 150 mm Hg Art., reducing the minimum - up to 55 mm Hg. Art.

Physiotherapy shown in almost all diseases.

General contraindications to the use of physiotherapy exercises are:

• the general serious condition of the patient;
• the risk of bleeding;
• unbearable pain during exercise;
• febrile and acute inflammatory diseases;
• malignant tumors.

The attending physician prescribes exercise therapy, the doctor-specialist in exercise therapy chooses the method, determines the nature of the exercises, dosage and controls the performance of physical exercises. The procedures are carried out by exercise therapy instructors, guided by the doctor's recommendations regarding the nature of the disease.

Value physical activity should correspond to the condition of the patient and his physical capabilities. General intensity physical training depends on the patient's individual tolerance to physical activity.

In the selection and application of general strengthening and special exercises of directed action, clinical manifestations illness or injury and methodological principle from a healthy organ to a diseased one. The optimal combination of general and particular (local) is used in exercise therapy for any pathology, but it is especially important to take this into account in orthopedics, traumatology and neurology. The total load should be distributed evenly and consistently on all muscles to prevent fatigue and improve blood circulation. The load is regulated, guided by the physiological curve - the pulse rate during the session, which is recorded graphically. Dosing depends on the number and location of the muscles involved in the exercises, the form of movement, amplitude, strength, rhythm, pace of movements, the duration of the exercises and the complexity of the exercises. For each patient, determine:

• occupation density(the time of the actual exercise, expressed as a percentage of the total time of classes) in inpatients should not exceed 50% (in the first days of classes it is 20-25%), in other cases a density of up to 80-90% is acceptable;
• (ANDP) starting positions (lying, sitting, standing). IP lying on the back, on the stomach, on the side provides a stable balance, maximum relaxation of the skeletal muscles, facilitates exercise, is prescribed to patients on bed rest, with diseases of the spine. IP sitting eliminates significant static muscle tension lower extremities, creates freedom of movement of the limbs, neck and torso, is prescribed for weak patients and for diseases of the lower extremities. IP standing is characterized by a high center of gravity and a small area of ​​support. Balance is maintained with the direct participation of different parts of the nervous system due to the contraction of many muscles of the body. The most stable is the standing position with a wide spread of legs;
• number of muscle groups participating in the exercise selection of exercises for them, the ratio of breathing exercises to general strengthening and special, aimed at restoring impaired functions (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5). You should start with exercises for small muscle groups. When performing complex exercises, the load increases. The more breathing exercises, the less the load. For the development of muscle strength (paresis and malnutrition) are used isometric exercises with great tension and dynamic exercises, which conduct slowly, but with great resistance;
• number of repetitions of each exercise, pace (slow, medium, fast) and range of motion in the joints;
• lesson duration. Total duration individual lessons- 5-20 minutes, group - 15-40 minutes;
• self-study- performing special exercises throughout the day;
• usage game exercises, music- to create positive emotions, objects and shells in order to change the load. So, exercises gymnastic stick reduce the tension of the muscles of the diseased arm and increase the load on the muscles of the healthy arm.

Normally, during classes, there is a possibility of increasing the intensity of the load, no discomfort or pain behind the sternum, increased normal breathing rate, lack of coordination, pallor, heart rhythm disturbances. Immediately after classes, “muscular joy” is felt, well-being should be good. The recovery time for heart rate and blood pressure to baseline in healthy people should not exceed 3 minutes. During the break between loads, there may be slight fatigue, but not more than 2 hours, there are no sleep and appetite disturbances, local fatigue lasts no more than 12 hours.

(exercise therapy) is a therapeutic method, the main means of which are physical exercises used for therapeutic and therapeutic purposes in case of injuries and various diseases. Exercise therapy, along with the main task (restoration of impaired functions), brings up the speed of reaction, strength, endurance, dexterity, coordination and helps to quickly return to social and labor activities after an illness. Exercise therapy is used in combination with a properly organized regimen in clinical, outpatient, sanatorium and resort practice and at home.

Physical exercises change: first of all, they affect the central nervous system, causing a change in the mobility of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex; correct the functions of the main body systems (respiration, etc.), metabolic processes; contribute to their compensation; affect the emotional state of the patient, distract from the thought of the disease, cause a feeling of cheerfulness and confidence.

Rice. 1. Different kinds exercises:
1 - passive;
2 - active with shells;
3 - active on the gymnastic wall.

Rice. 2. Basic Muscle Strengthening Exercises abdominal wall in a standing position.

Exercise therapy is indicated for open and closed fractures, soft tissue injuries for the purpose of faster healing, callus formation, with contractures of various origins, polyarthritis,. It is widely used in operations on the abdominal, chest cavities, etc. (pre- and postoperative gymnastics) as a means of preventing various postoperative complications (intestinal atony, movement restrictions in the joints, etc.) and combating them. Physical exercises improve the nutrition of the heart muscle, enhance its contractile function. Exercise therapy is used in the initial stages of circulatory failure, myocarditis in the subacute and chronic period, myocardial infarction, hypotonic conditions; in diseases of the vessels of the extremities: obliterating lesions of the arteries, chronic and varicose veins. Therapeutic exercise is indicated for lung diseases (pneumonia, pleurisy, bronchial asthma, etc.); stomach and intestines (, colitis, enterocolitis), with prolapse of the stomach and other internal organs, constipation, diseases of the liver and biliary tract; with metabolic and endocrine diseases (obesity,); diseases of the female genital area (chronic inflammatory processes, prolapse of the walls, incorrect positions of the uterus, menstrual disorders). Exercise therapy is used in the postpartum and periods. Physical exercises are widely used in diseases and injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system. Exercise therapy is indicated as a method of rehabilitation therapy for paralysis and paresis caused by a violation of cerebral circulation, with the consequences of diseases of the nervous system (, meningitis, impaired vestibular function and neurosis). Exercise therapy is widely used in the complex treatment of various pathologies in children (diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, etc.). Exercise therapy is especially indicated as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for defects and diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children (posture disorders, etc.).

The main means of physical therapy - complexes of physical exercises - are divided into gymnastic, sports and applied (, etc.), mobile and. They are used in combination with natural factors of nature (air, water, sun), which are most fully used in the conditions of spa treatment. Of the complex of funds, gymnastic exercises are most often prescribed in the form of therapeutic exercises. When administered to a patient self-study at home, special recommendations for self-control are given. Gymnastic exercises classified: a) according to the anatomical principle - for small muscle groups (hands, feet, face), medium (muscles of the neck, arms, lower legs, muscles), large (muscles of the thigh, abdomen, back); b) by activity (Fig. 1) - passive and active; the latter can be free, lightweight (in water, on sliding surface etc.), with effort, relaxation, etc.; c) according to the specific principle - respiratory, preparatory, corrective, in throwing, balance, resistance, with projectiles, crawling, climbing, jumping, jumping, hanging and resting, etc.

Therapeutic exercises for children - see Gymnastics, for young children.

Rice. 3. Basic exercises to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal wall in a sitting position.

Rice. 4. Basic exercises to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal wall in the supine position.

Rice. 5. Therapeutic exercises for gynecological diseases in the supine position.

Physical exercises are used in the form of general and special training. The tasks of the general training: strengthening the body, improving the functions of the main systems. Special training is aimed at restoring impaired functions. To implement the tasks of a special training, certain groups of exercises are selected. For example, to strengthen the abdominal muscles, exercises are used in standing, sitting and lying positions (Fig. 2-4); to improve blood circulation in the pelvic area - in the supine position (Fig. 5).

The condition for the effectiveness of exercise therapy is a long, systematic, regular exercise with a gradual increase in load both in each procedure and throughout the entire course of treatment; taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient: age, profession, motor activity, features of the course of the disease. Exercise therapy is used in the form of a therapeutic gymnastics procedure - individually or in groups (in the ward, therapeutic gymnastics room or in an open area), pre- and postoperative gymnastics; self-study of patients performing tasks; morning hygienic gymnastics (see). An additional form of influence is (see). In addition, close (see), dosed climbing (see), skiing, skating, rowing, swimming, and games are used.

Methodical principles of classes: the load is dosed according to the physical capabilities of the patient, general strengthening exercises should alternate with breathing and special ones. The amount of load in the classes depends on the initial position, the duration of the procedure, the number of repetitions of exercises, the pace, range of motion, their complexity, the degree of effort in the exercise, the use of projectiles, and combination with breathing exercises.

The methodological guidance of exercise therapy is carried out by medical and physical education dispensaries, which include exercise therapy rooms with a staff of medical specialists and exercise therapy instructors.

Physical therapy classes in the conditions of a feldsher-obstetric station are conducted only by an instructor (methodologist) of physiotherapy exercises or a paramedic who has special training. Therapeutic gymnastics rooms should have a gymnastic bench, a wall, a horizontal ladder, sticks, maces, dumbbells, balls, etc.

When choosing a complex of physiotherapy exercises for the spine, pay attention to two factors.

1. General level physical training organism. There are three main levels: people who are actively involved in sports; people who do only exercises and people who lead a passive lifestyle with sedentary work. For each group it is necessary to use separate complexes therapeutic exercises for the spine.

2. Various stages of the state of the spine after exacerbation of pain. Specialists distinguish three main stages of spinal recovery: the period immediately following the exacerbation (2-4 days), the period of spinal recovery (2-4 weeks after the exacerbation), the period of spinal rehabilitation and prevention (from 4 weeks and all life). For each stage of spinal recovery, you need to choose a separate exercise therapy complex.

This material describes a complex of therapeutic exercises for the spine, designed for people with different physical fitness. Simple exercises are immediately described, and then more complex ones that increase the load on the spine.

The proposed exercises of physiotherapy exercises should be started to be used as soon as acute pain in the spine passes.

With the help of physical therapy exercises, several problems can be solved:

1. Reduce pain due to the elimination of compression of the intervertebral discs.

2. Strengthen the muscles and ligaments that support the spine.

3. Accelerate the growth of healthy tissue (bone and cartilage).

4. Due to the increased blood flow, tissues are cleaned of toxins and toxins.

Exercise therapy for the spine - necessary theoretical information

The exercises are for prevention and recovery, not for a one-time, quick spinal treatment. Problems arise for years, they cannot be solved within a few days.

Exercises are best done several times a day, at least in the morning and evening, some can be done at work - do not be lazy.

When doing exercises, do not rush, exclude sharp, fast movements.

Gradually increase the load - the number of repetitions and amplitude.

When doing exercises, try to feel the spine and back muscles, do not do exercise therapy just mechanically.

The main task in performing physiotherapy exercises is to increase blood flow in the spine.

Therapeutic exercises for the lumbar spine - execution technique

On the image: gently arch your back up, and then bend down - without a jerk, gradually increasing the amplitude

1. Contraction of the abdominal muscles, without moving the body, until slight fatigue appears in them.

2. Starting position: standing on all fours, resting on your knees and palms; raise your head and gently bend your back down, lower your head and arch your back up. Perform 3 to 10 times.

3. Starting position: lying on your back, arms along the body, legs half-bent at the knees rest on the entire surface of the foot: put both legs to the right of the body, trying to reach the floor with your knees (perform the movement without jerking, do not straighten your legs), the shoulder blades do not come off surfaces. Then repeat the movement on the other side. Run up to 10 times in each direction.

On the image: gently raise the pelvis up (no need to bend) and lower it down

4. Starting position: lying on your back; pull the toes of the legs towards you at the same time, feel the tension in the back, hold the tension for 3-5 seconds, relax. Perform 3 - 5 times.

5. Starting position: lying on your back, legs bent at the knees and resting on the entire surface of the foot, arms along the body; leaning on the shoulder blades and feet, raise the pelvis and lower it. Run 3 - 10 times.

On the image: lift the leg to the body and gently press it to the stomach.

6. Starting position: lying on your back, arms along the body; bending the leg at the knee and hip joint, helping yourself to press the thigh to the stomach with your hands; keep your leg pressed for a few seconds. Run 3-5 times with each leg.

7. Starting position: standing on all fours, leaning on the palms and knees; raise slightly bent leg back; repeat with the other leg. Run 5-10 times with each leg.

8. Starting position: sitting on legs bent at the knees (buttocks rest on the heels), arms freely lowered; take a kneeling position, sit down on the floor to the left of the legs, and then to the right. Run 10 - 12 times.

9. Starting position: lying on your back, arms along the body; clasp your legs with your hands and press to your chest, roll on your back from the buttocks to the head; go back to initial position. Run 5 - 7 times.

Exercise therapy for the thoracic spine - execution technique

1. Starting position: lying on your back, knees bent, legs as relaxed as possible; pull your knee towards you, trying to reach your nose with it, while tilting your head and lifting upper part torso towards the knee; the exercise will be more effective if you support the bent leg with your hands under the knee. Run 4 - 6 times with each leg.

2. Starting position: sitting on a chair, hands on knees; leaning over with one hand, reach the toe of the opposite leg, straighten up and repeat with the other hand. Perform tilts to each leg 4-6 times.

3. Starting position: standing holding on to the back of a chair; squats with a straight back up to 20 times, without lifting your heels off the floor.

Therapeutic exercises for the cervical spine - execution technique

Exercises for the upper spine must be performed especially carefully, since it is very mobile and excessive zeal can only harm.

1. Starting position lying on your back; gently press the back of the head into the pillow and hold the tension for 3 to 5 seconds, then relax; then, lightly pressing the palm of your hand on the temple, tensing the muscles of the neck, hold the head in its original position; perform in both directions for 3 - 5 seconds; during breaks, completely relax the muscles of the neck and head. Run 2 - 3 times.

2. Starting position: sitting on a chair, arms freely lowered along the body; gently move your head back while pressing your chin to your chest. Run 3 - 5 times.

Additional articles with useful information

Therapeutic exercise for joints

In addition to the spine, our body has a huge number of joints. Our mood and efficiency depend on their correct work. The method of treatment and restoration of the joints should be determined by the doctor in each individual case individually, but we must remember that if therapeutic exercises are not prohibited, then it must be done.

Back massage to improve the spine

It is difficult to find a person who has never had a backache in his life. Perhaps only preschool children can boast of this. At school, because of the long sitting at the desk, children have the first back problems. These are harbingers of future serious illnesses.

Exercises in exercise therapy

The main means of exercise therapy are physical exercises - muscle movements, a powerful biological stimulator of human vital functions. Exercise therapy uses the entire arsenal of tools accumulated by physical education.

For therapeutic purposes, specially selected and methodically developed physical exercises are used. When prescribing them, the doctor takes into account the characteristics of the disease, the nature and degree of changes in systems and organs, the stage of the disease process, information about the parallel treatment, etc.

The therapeutic effect of physical exercises is based on strictly dosed training, which, in relation to sick and weakened people, should be understood as a purposeful process of restoring and improving the impaired functions of the whole organism and its individual systems and organs.

Distinguish between general training, pursuing the goal of general healing and strengthening of the body, and special training, aimed at eliminating impaired functions in certain systems and organs.

Gymnastic exercises are classified: a) according to the anatomical principle - for certain muscle groups (hands, feet, etc.); b) by activity - passive and active.

Passive exercises are called exercises with impaired motor function, performed by the patient either independently, with the help of a healthy limb, or with the help of a methodologist or exercise therapy instructor.

Active exercises are called exercises that are performed completely by the patient himself. To implement the tasks of special training, certain groups of exercises are selected. For example, to strengthen the abdominal muscles, exercises are most often used in the supine position and on the stomach and on special gymnastic benches with leg rests.

As a result of the systematic use of physical exercises, the functional adaptation of the body to gradually increasing loads and the correction (leveling) of the disorders that have arisen in the process of diseases occur. The basis of the therapeutic effect of physical exercises and other means of exercise therapy is the effect on the nervous system, the function of which is impaired in the course of the disease. Important mechanisms of action of physical exercises is also their general tonic effect on the patient.

Physical exercises contribute to the normalization of perverted or restoration of lost functions, affect the trophic function of the nervous system. The use of physical exercises increases the effect of other therapeutic agents (drugs, physiotherapy, balneological, etc.). At the same time, in the process of recovery, usually other medical methods are gradually limited or excluded, and the place of exercise therapy methods, on the contrary, is increasing and expanding. Exercise therapy differs from all other methods of treatment in that during the application of physical exercises, the patient himself actively participates in the treatment and recovery process. And it is this fact that enhances the effect of physical exercises.

Exercise therapy exercises are of great educational importance: the patient gets used to doing physical exercises systematically, this becomes his daily habit. So exercise therapy classes turn into general physical education classes, become a household necessity, a way of life for the patient even when he has already recovered and returned to work.

From the book Norbekov's Health System and Sam Chong Do. Full course author Yuri Khvan

SAM JONG DO EXERCISES Warm-up In the warm-up, we perform all plastic exercises to develop the entire articular system of the body, starting from the cervical vertebrae, slowly going down to the joints of the toes.

From the book The Science of Breathing Indian yogis author William Walker Atkinson

Exercises Keep your body in an inclined position, as far as possible, relaxing all the muscles. Breathe rhythmically and meditate on the unity of your spirit with the world consciousness, the atom of which you represent. Think of yourself as being in connection with the All, think of yourself

From the book Constipation. What to do? author Alexander Gennadievich Eliseev

Exercises Half Lotus Pose Sequence of execution: sit on the floor, putting your left foot on your right thigh and twisting your heel if possible; swing your right knee up and down, trying to press it closer to the floor; do the same with the other leg. One knee always touches

From the book Secrets of Athleticism author Yuri Shaposhnikov

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BICEAD MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARM AND SHOULDER MUSCLE morning exercises, and then you can set aside special time for the entire complex. Repeat each exercise 15-20

From the book Exercises for the spine: for those who are on the road author Valentin Ivanovich Dikul

Exercises for the neck Many people turn to doctors when pain has already appeared. And this is a very gross mistake. We all now have weakened immunity, we lead a sedentary lifestyle. The ecology is disturbed, the products are of poor quality, we rest incorrectly, we sit incorrectly, we sleep.

From the book At the computer without back pain author Valentin Ivanovich Dikul

Exercises Instructions for exercise systems From simple to complex Most patients who want to get rid of back pain immediately start exercising. And some of them are surprised: “Such easy exercises?”. A lot of people ask permission to go straight to

From the book Driving Without Back Pain author Valentin Ivanovich Dikul

Exercises for the neck Exercise 1 I.p .: lying on your back, wearing a noose and a rubber bandage. We hold on with our hands so that we are not pulled up. The bandage is stretched so that it stretches the head. Slowly raise the head straight, then make a movement, as if we are trying to

From the book The Eye of True Revival author Petr Levin

SECOND PART OF THE EXERCISE 6 The sequence of the sixth exercise The main part of the exercise 61. Kneel on the mat, then lower yourself on your heels.2. Straighten your right leg and stretch it as far to the right as possible. bent left leg while being in

From the book Baby Massage. Step by step guide author Elena Lvovna Isaeva

2. Exercises for the legs Simultaneous extension and flexion of the legs is described in complex 3, exercise 5. The number of repetitions is 4–6.

From the book Invisible gymnastics for those who follow their figure. Gymnastics in the office, in the elevator, on the beach, on the way to work author Elena Lvovna Isaeva

Exercises for the lips With age, the muscles on the cheekbones lose their tone and sag, dragging the corners of the mouth with them. These exercises greatly strengthen the muscles of the cheekbones, returning the corners of the mouth to the correct position. The starting position is any. These exercises can be done even in

From the book Diabetes. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment by traditional and non-traditional methods author Violetta Romanovna Khamidova

Leg exercises These exercises will help make your legs beautiful and supple. Exercise 1 Stand in front of a wall with your back to it, rest your palms back. Raise your straight leg to the side, do not stretch the toe. Return to starting position, repeat the same for

From the book Yoga for Office Workers. Healing complexes from "sedentary diseases" author Tatiana Gromakovskaya

Exercises for the hands The first are exercises for which you don’t even need to get up. This is gymnastics for the fingers and wrist joints. During the working day, they constantly work, and in order not to lose their mobility, and also not to earn various unpleasant ailments of small

From book Breathing exercises A.N. Strelnikova author Mikhail Nikolaevich Shchetinin

Exercises for the legs Exercise "Socks" Starting position: sitting on a chair, legs extended, feet together. On the count of “one”, we pull the socks away from us (as in ballet) and at the same time we take a short, sharp, noisy breath. Then, without a break, on the count of "two" we pull the socks towards ourselves

From the book The Big Book of the Diabetic author Nina Bashkirova

EXERCISES FOR THE LEGS This set of exercises improves the blood supply to the feet and increases the strength of the leg muscles. It can be done at any time of the day. The main thing is to do the exercises every day. Exercises for the foot1. If your feet are crammed with shoes during the day, you should shake them more often.

From the book Diet 5:2. Bikini Diet author Jacqueline Whiteheart

Exercises Follow the Sculpt 30 workout plan for Week Two (see pages 306-308). The load is gradually increased to reach the maximum

From the author's book

Exercises You should have switched to Week 3 of the Sculpt 30 training program (see page

Therapeutic exercise (LFK) is a set of methods of treatment, prevention and medical rehabilitation, which are based on the use of methodically designed and specially selected physical exercises. When prescribing them, doctors take into account the nature of the disease, its features, stage and degree of the pathological process in organs and systems.

Physiotherapy exercises in the Yusupov hospital are prescribed by the attending physician, and the exercise therapy specialist determines the methodology. Physiotherapy exercises are used in various forms: therapeutic and hygienic gymnastics, walking, sports entertainment, mobile games. In the Yusupov hospital, rehabilitation specialists individually compose a complex of exercise therapy for each patient. Classes are conducted individually, using innovative methods of physical therapy.

What is exercise therapy in medicine

The history of exercise therapy begins in ancient China, where the methods of therapeutic gymnastics, with the main emphasis on breathing exercises, were successfully used to heal the sick. The use of physical exercises for medicinal purposes in Russia began in the 16-17 centuries, often in combination with physiotherapy, hardening and hydrotherapy. Currently, physical therapy is successfully combined with drug treatment, surgical interventions, physiotherapy methods, and massage. Physical therapy and sports medicine are inextricably linked, as athletes need to quickly and effectively recover from injuries.

The therapeutic effect of physical exercises is based on loads that are strictly defined in relation to each patient. There is a general training for healing and strengthening the body and a special training, which is aimed at eliminating impaired functions in certain organs and systems.

Complexes of exercises with physiotherapy exercises contribute to an increase in joint mobility, reduce the effects of muscle strain. They allow to improve metabolic processes in pathologically altered tissues. WITH with the help of exercise therapy(the photo is on the Internet) the patient can improve health, lose weight, restore impaired functions. The use of physiotherapy exercises prevents further progression of the disease, accelerates the recovery time and increases the effectiveness of complex therapy.

Therapeutic physical education is an independent scientific discipline. IN medicine exercise therapy is a treatment method that uses physical culture for prevention, treatment, restoration of impaired functions and maintenance therapy. In the process of repeated repetition of physical exercises, existing motor skills are improved, lost ones are restored and new ones are developed. physical qualities, occur positive changes functions of organs and systems. Together, this contributes to the restoration of health, fitness, increased physical performance and other positive changes in the state of the human body.

Physical activity in progress exercise therapy, which is carried out by the specialists of the Yusupov hospital, corresponds to the functional capabilities of the patient. When performing physical exercises, the functional activity of internal organs increases. This is due to the activation of neurohumoral mechanisms, the inclusion of additional metabolic regulators, the action of hormones of endocrine glands, tissue hormones, and other biologically active substances. Under the influence of exercise therapy, the mobility and balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition increase, the activity of the visual, motor, auditory, vestibular and tactile analyzers improves.

Forms, methods, tasks and means of exercise therapy

The main forms of exercise therapy include:

• morning hygienic gymnastics;
• therapeutic gymnastics;
• dosed ascents (health path);
• excursions;
• walks;
• nearby tourism.

Physiotherapy at home (hygienic gymnastics) is carried out in the morning. She happens to be a good remedy transition from sleep to wakefulness, to the active work of the body. Physical exercises used in hygienic gymnastics, should be easy. Rehabilitologists of the Yusupov gymnastics do not include gymnastic complex static exercises causing intense tension and breath holding. Choose exercises that affect various groups muscles and internal organs.

When developing a set of exercises, rehabilitation specialists take into account the past disease, health status, physical development and patient workload. The duration of the gymnastic exercises is no more than 10-30 minutes. The complex consists of general developmental exercises for individual muscle groups, breathing, exercises for the trunk, abdominal muscles, and relaxation. All gymnastic exercises patients should perform freely, at a calm pace, with a gradually increasing amplitude, engage in work first small muscles and then larger muscle groups.

The main form of exercise therapy is therapeutic exercises. Each procedure consists of three sections:

• introductory;
• main;
• final.

In exercise therapy, both general strengthening and special exercises. When drawing up a lesson plan, rehabilitators observe the principle of gradual and consistent increase and decrease in physical activity, maintain the optimal physiological load curve. When selecting and conducting exercises, alternate muscle groups involved in physical activity.

LFC performs several tasks. The therapeutic task is defined as the goal of restorative measures at a given stage in the development of a pathological condition. The tasks of treatment by methods of physical therapy are determined by ideas about the cause and mechanism of the development of an injury or disease. So, with the development of respiratory failure in a patient with pneumonia in the acute period, the leading therapeutic task is to compensate for respiratory failure. changes in bronchial asthma external respiration dictate the need to improve bronchial patency, relieve spasm and evacuate the pathological contents of the bronchi.

In complex therapy, the following tasks may appear:

• normalization of autonomic disorders;
• restoration of impaired or lost motor skills;
• restoration of the normal structure of movement after injury or reconstructive surgery.

The selection of means of exercise therapy is carried out in accordance with the treatment objectives. Special tasks are characteristic only for a certain form of pathology and a combination of morphological and functional changes. General tasks are associated with changes in reactivity, the body's defenses, the growth and development of the patient, and the emotional sphere. They are characteristic of many diseases.

To solve special problems, rehabilitators of the Yusupov hospital choose exercise therapy products, taking into account the mechanisms of trophic and compensatory action. Selective massage has a selective effect on the tissues of the massaged area of ​​the body and the corresponding internal organ associated with the irritated zone of segmental innervation, and specially selected breathing exercises have a specific effect on respiratory system. The effectiveness of exercise therapy depends not only on the dosage of physical activity, but also on correct selection a variety of means, the sequence of physical exercises in a single lesson and in the course of treatment.

The basic rules of exercise therapy are as follows:

• repetition, regularity and duration of exposure, which are necessary to strengthen the motor skill;
• gradual increase in physical activity, helping to avoid physical overstrain;
• comprehensiveness of influence through exercises for different groups muscles;
• the availability of exercises in accordance with the individual characteristics of the patient.

To enhance the training effect of exercises in the rehabilitation clinic of the Yusupov Hospital, exercise therapy specialists use computerized and mechanical simulators from leading world manufacturers. To create conditions that reduce the load, Exarta devices, verticalizers, suspension systems are used to reduce the load on the musculoskeletal system, acting similarly to a pool.

Exercise therapy for the spine

The most common curvatures of the spine are:

• scoliosis (aside);
• kyphosis (back);
• lordosis (anterior).

The most acceptable forms of exercise therapy for spinal curvature are therapeutic exercises and water exercises. Gymnastic exercises are used in the initial position "lying", "standing on all fours". Train the muscles of the back, gluteal region, abdomen. To correct the defect, special corrective exercises of two types are used - symmetrical and asymmetric. To increase the mobility of the spine, exercises on all fours, mixed hangings, exercises on an inclined plane are used.

Exercise therapy complex for protrusion lumbar spine includes the following exercises:

• walking "on all fours";
• “boat” (lying on your stomach, you need to stretch with straight arms and legs up, stay tense for 1 minute and return to the starting position);
• "Lazy" press - lying on your back with straight legs, strain the press as much as possible for a few seconds, and then relax.

Therapeutic exercise for the lumbar spine is performed daily, with increasing loads. The exercise therapy technique for spinal injuries is divided into four stages. During the first ten days after the injury, exercise therapy helps to raise the general tone, improve the work of the digestive and circulatory system, body endurance. At the second stage of treatment, the following tasks are solved:

• normalization of the work of internal organs;
• stimulation of regeneration processes;
• muscle strengthening;
• improved blood flow.

The main tasks to be solved at the third stage of treatment are the strengthening and development of the muscles of the pelvic floor, trunk and limbs, improving the mobility of the spine and coordination of movements. The fourth stage is aimed at increasing the mobility of the spinal column, further developing and strengthening muscles, restoring the correct walking skill and healthy posture.

Exercise therapy in traumatology

Rehabilitologists choose methods of exercise therapy for injuries, depending on the period of the disease. The tasks of the first period, corresponding to an acute injury, are the normalization of the patient's psycho-emotional state, improvement of metabolism, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, excretory organs. In the second period, the following forms of exercise therapy are applied: morning exercises, hiking, metered running and walking, swimming. The third period takes place in a rehabilitation center or in a sanatorium. The tasks of exercise therapy for this period are:

• final restoration of functions;
• adaptation of the organism to domestic and industrial loads;
• formation of compensations, new motor skills.

In the Yusupov hospital, rehabilitation specialists individually approach the choice of means and exercise therapy techniques with spinal injury, after surgery on knee joint, with hypertension, after a stroke and other diseases. In order to complete a course of rehabilitation using the latest techniques call the Yusupov hospital.

Bibliography

• ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)
• Yusupov hospital
• Badalyan L. O. Neuropathology. - M.: Enlightenment, 1982. - S.307-308.
• Bogolyubov, Medical rehabilitation (manual, in 3 volumes). // Moscow - Perm. - 1998.
• Popov S. N. Physical rehabilitation. 2005. - P.608.

Our specialists

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not public offer determined by the provisions of Art. 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For exact information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic.