Restorative physical education. Healing Fitness

Introduction

Therapeutic physical culture (or exercise therapy for short) is an independent medical discipline that uses the means of physical culture to treat diseases and injuries, prevent their exacerbations and complications, and restore working capacity. The main such means (and this distinguishes exercise therapy from other methods of treatment) are physical exercises - a stimulator of the vital functions of the body.

Physiotherapy- this is one of essential elements modern complex treatment, which is understood as an individually selected complex of therapeutic methods and means: conservative, surgical, medical, physiotherapeutic, medical nutrition and others. Comprehensive treatment affects not only pathologically altered tissues, organs or organ systems, but also the whole organism as a whole. The proportion of various elements of complex treatment depends on the stage of recovery and the need to restore the person's ability to work. A significant role in complex treatment belongs to therapeutic physical culture as a method of functional therapy.

Physical exercises affect the reactivity of the whole organism and involve the mechanisms that participated in the pathological process in the overall reaction. In this regard, physical therapy can be called a method of pathogenetic therapy.

Exercise therapy provides for the conscious and active implementation by patients of the appropriate exercise. In the process of training, the patient acquires skills in using natural factors of nature for the purpose of hardening, physical exercises - for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. This allows us to consider classes in therapeutic physical culture as a therapeutic and pedagogical process.

Exercise therapy uses the same principles for the use of physical exercises as physical culture for a healthy person, namely: the principles of comprehensive impact, application and health-improving orientation. According to its content, therapeutic physical culture is integral part Soviet system physical education.

Means of therapeutic physical culture

In therapeutic physical culture, the following main means are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries: physical exercises (gymnastic, sports-applied, ideomotor, that is, performed mentally, exercises in sending impulses to muscle contraction, etc.), natural factors of nature (sun, air, water), therapeutic massage, motor mode. In addition, apply additional funds: occupational therapy and mechanotherapy (see diagram).

Occupational therapy refers to the restoration of impaired functions with the help of selectively selected labor processes. Mechanotherapy is the restoration of lost functions with the help of special devices. It is mainly used to prevent contractures (stiffness in the joints). In sports practice, after damage to the musculoskeletal system, training devices can be used to increase the range of motion in the joints (according to a sparing method).

Therapeutic massage (classical, acupressure, segmental-reflex) is used for the purpose of both treatment and prevention of diseases (for example, hygienic massage performed in the morning hygienic gymnastics complex).

Means of therapeutic physical culture used in sports practice, as well as for the prevention of diseases, are referred to as means of therapeutic physical culture.

Classification and characteristics of physical exercises

Physical exercises used for therapeutic purposes are divided into gymnastic, ideomotor, applied sports, exercises in sending impulses to muscle contraction and games (see diagram below).

Gymnastic exercises are specially selected combinations of natural movements for a person. By selectively influencing individual muscle groups or joints with the help of gymnastic exercises, one can improve the overall coordination of movements, restore and develop strength, speed of movement, agility and flexibility.

Recently, in therapeutic physical culture, to restore the functions of the musculoskeletal system and the cardio-respiratory system, rhythmoplastic (dance) movements are used in musical accompaniment, which corresponds to the state of higher nervous activity.

Gymnastic exercises are classified according to several criteria.

According to the anatomical feature - exercises for the muscles of the head, neck, torso, belt of the upper limbs, muscles of the upper and lower extremities, muscles abdominals And pelvic floor.

On the basis of activity - active (performed by the student himself); passive (performed by a methodologist of medical physical culture with a strong-willed effort of the patient); active-passive (performed by the practitioner with the help of an exercise therapy methodologist).

On the basis of the use of gymnastic objects and apparatus - exercises without objects and apparatus; exercises with objects and shells (with gymnastic stick, rubber, tennis or volleyball, stuffed ball, clubs, dumbbells, expander, rope, etc.); exercises on shells (on a gymnastic wall, an inclined plane, a gymnastic bench, gymnastic rings, mechanotherapeutic equipment, uneven bars, a log, a crossbar, etc.).

According to the species characteristic and the nature of the performance - ordinal and drill, preparatory (introductory), corrective, for coordination of movements, breathing, in resistance, hangs and stops, jumps and jumps, rhythmoplastic exercises.

Ordinal and drill exercises(buildings, turns, walking, etc.) organize and discipline those involved, developing the necessary motor skills. They are used at the post-hospital stage of rehabilitation, as well as in health groups.

Preparatory (introductory) exercises prepare the body for the upcoming physical activity. Their choice depends on the objectives of the lesson, as well as on the level physical fitness sick.

Corrective exercises prevent and reduce postural defects, correct deformities. They are often combined with passive correction: traction on an inclined plane, wearing an orthopedic corset, special styling using rollers, and massage. Corrective exercises have a combined effect on various muscle groups - at the same time they strengthen some and relax others. For example, with severe thoracic kyphosis (stoop), a corrective effect is exerted by gymnastic exercises aimed at strengthening weakened and stretched back muscles and stretching and relaxing the large pectoral muscles in the state increased tone; with flat feet - special exercises to strengthen the muscles of the lower leg and foot in combination with exercises for the formation correct posture.

Coordination and balance exercises are used for training vestibular apparatus at hypertension, neurological diseases, for elderly and older people involved in health groups. They are performed in various starting positions (standing on a narrow support area, on one leg, on toes), with open and closed eyes, with and without objects, on a gymnastic bench, a gymnastic beam. Exercises for coordination of movements also include exercises aimed at the formation of everyday skills lost as a result of a particular disease (buttoning, lacing shoes, lighting matches, opening a lock with a key, etc.). Modeling, assembling children's pyramids, mosaics, etc. are widely used.

Breathing exercises (static, dynamic, drainage) are leading in any form of therapeutic physical culture. They have a beneficial effect on the functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, stimulate metabolism, and the activity of the digestive system. Their calming effect is used in violation of the nervous regulation of various functions of the body, for faster recovery from fatigue, etc. Static breathing exercises are performed in various initial positions at rest, i.e. without movements of the legs, arms, torso, dynamic - in combination with movements of the limbs, torso. Drainage exercises include breathing exercises specifically aimed at draining exudate from the pleural cavity and removing sputum (with exudative pleurisy, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases).

There are abdominal (diaphragmatic), chest and mixed breathing. Getting Started breathing exercises, you need to teach the patient to breathe correctly through the nose - deeply, rhythmically, evenly. With proper breathing, rhythm is developed respiratory movements(inhale-exhale), their frequency decreases, exhalation lengthens and intensifies.

Hangs, stops, jumps, jumps as a kind of gymnastic exercises are included in the method of therapeutic physical culture during the recovery period. They are performed with a strict dosage according to indications under the supervision of a specialist in therapeutic physical culture.

Rhythmoplastic exercises are used at the post-hospital stage of rehabilitation for the final restoration of the functions of the musculoskeletal system (for diseases of the joints, after injuries), as well as in neurological practice (for neuroses, overwork). Such exercises are performed with musical accompaniment with a given rhythm and tonality, depending on the functional state of the patient, the type of higher nervous activity.

In therapeutic physical culture, in addition to gymnastic exercises, ideomotor exercises are widely used (especially at the hospital stage of rehabilitation). Performed mentally, they not only cause weak muscle contraction, but also improve them. functional state which brings the body to a state of functional readiness. These exercises are used for paralysis and paresis, with prolonged immobilization of the limbs or trunk, that is, when the patient cannot actively perform the exercises. In sports practice, ideomotor exercises are used during the period of temporary absence from training due to illness in order to maintain sportswear and technical skill level. physical culture treatment exercise

Exercises in sending impulses consist in the fact that the patient is offered to relax or contract the muscles of the immobilized joint while mentally imagining the movement being made. These exercises are used for various types of limb immobilization to prevent atrophy. muscle groups, improving blood circulation and metabolism in them (for example, when applying a plaster cast on the thigh and knee-joint the patient actively contracts the quadriceps muscle of the thigh, straining the patella under the cast).

Of the applied sports exercises in therapeutic physical culture, walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, balance exercises, lifting and carrying weights, dosed rowing, skiing, skating, therapeutic swimming, cycling are most often used. Applied sports exercises contribute to the final restoration of the damaged organ and the whole organism as a whole, instill in patients perseverance and self-confidence.

In medical and health-improving physical culture, sports and applied exercises are used to prevent diseases, educate physical qualities, preparation for labor and defense of the motherland.

Walking strengthens the muscles not only of the lower extremities, but of the whole body due to the rhythmic alternation of muscle tension and relaxation, which improves blood and lymph circulation, respiration, metabolism and has a general strengthening effect.

Dosed running evenly develops the muscles of the whole body, trains the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increases metabolism, forms deep and rhythmic breathing. In therapeutic physical culture, running is prescribed to trained patients with an individual dosage under careful medical and pedagogical control. Running is not only a means of health-improving physical culture, but also a means of maintenance and preventive therapy.

Jumping refers to short-term intense exercises used during the recovery period with an individual dosage (with mandatory control of heart rate). Throwing exercises help restore coordination of movements, improve mobility in the joints, increase the strength of the muscles of the limbs and torso, the speed of the motor reaction. Classes use stuffed balls, discs, a spear, balls with a loop, grenades. Climbing the gymnastic wall and the rope helps to increase mobility in the joints, develop the strength of the muscles of the trunk and limbs, and coordinate movements. Climbing is of great practical importance in everyday life, military affairs.

Exercises in balance are used for lesions of the vestibular apparatus, for hypertension, after amputation of the lower extremities, for posture disorders, scoliosis and flat feet.

Exercises in lifting and carrying weights require strict medical and pedagogical control. They are used in health-improving physical culture for training during the period of final restoration of functions. These exercises are contraindicated in violation of posture, scoliosis, flat feet, diseases of the spine, stomach, joints, hypertension, etc.

Dosed rowing is used to develop rhythmic movements that promote deep breathing, development and strengthening of the muscles of the upper limbs, torso and increase the mobility of the spine. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure during rowing has a positive effect on the digestion process and tissue metabolism. Rowing in conditions of clean, fresh, ionized air saturated with water vapor (preferably sea air) has a healing effect on the entire body. Dosed rowing is prescribed for diseases of the joints, cardiovascular and respiratory systems and is carried out with certain short pauses for rest under medical and pedagogical supervision.

Dosed skiing strengthens all muscle groups, increases metabolism, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, trains the vestibular apparatus, improves mood, and contributes to the normalization of the condition. nervous system have a tempering effect.

Skating improves metabolism, the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, the function of the vestibular apparatus, and develops coordination of movements. It is prescribed during the recovery period and for the prevention of diseases under medical and pedagogical supervision to well-trained people who can skate.

Dosed therapeutic swimming increases heat transfer, improves metabolism, activates the function of the digestive and respiratory organs, strengthens the muscles of the whole body, the nervous system, and has a hardening effect. It is used for diseases of the spine to relax muscles and release it from axial load, for posture disorders, diseases of the respiratory system, and also to relieve fatigue during the working week or sports training.

Cycling is used for general health purposes, as well as to strengthen muscles and increase mobility in the joints of the lower extremities. For the same purpose, exercises on a bicycle ergometer are used for injuries of the musculoskeletal system, paresis of the lower extremities, metabolic disorders and for training. of cardio-vascular system.

Along with the listed exercises, games are used in therapeutic physical culture. All types of games (games on the spot, sedentary, mobile, sports) contribute to the improvement of the work of all organs and systems of the body. They are carried out during the recovery period with medical and pedagogical supervision in the final part of therapeutic exercises.

Methods of therapeutic application of physical exercises. Dosage

Before the appointment of therapeutic physical culture, the tasks of using physical exercises are determined, means and forms are selected to solve these problems. To do all this correctly, it is necessary to take into account the phase of the development of the disease, the reaction of the body to it, the state of all organs and systems not involved in the disease process, the patient's mental reaction to the disease and his other individual characteristics.

In all cases, it is important to observe the principle of combining the general and local effects of physical exercises, remembering that recovery largely depends on general condition the patient's body.

Each physical exercise used in therapeutic physical culture has a restorative, supportive or prophylactic effect on the patient. Therefore, when prescribing therapeutic physical culture, it is necessary to determine (in addition to medical indications) the direction of its use: in order to restore impaired functions, maintain them and health in general, or to prevent diseases, their complications and other deviations in the state of health.

Based general provisions therapeutic physical culture, various private methods are built, reflecting the originality of the pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of the disease in an individual patient or a group of patients, compiled according to a nosological sign. The main principles of the application of therapeutic physical culture are the integrity of the body (the unity of mental and physical), the unity of the environment and the body (social and biological), the unity of form and function, general and local, treatment and prevention (V. N. Moshkov, 1984).

The methodology of therapeutic physical culture should be based on general pedagogical (didactic) principles. Its effectiveness is possible only with the active attitude of the patient to classes. The methodologist's explanation of the prospect of accelerating the recovery of impaired functions under the influence of physical exercises increases the patient's interest in them.

The principle of visualization in teaching movements is carried out not only through visual sensations, but also with the help of other senses. Demonstration of physical exercises confirms the explanation and helps the practitioner to perform them correctly.

The principle of accessibility depends on the assessment by a doctor or methodologist clinical manifestation disease and the level of physical fitness of the patient.

The healing effect of therapeutic physical culture is the result of the implementation of the principle of systematic training, built taking into account the gradualness and sequence of exercises. Classes begin with simple and easy exercises known to the patient. As its functionality grows, more complex exercises are assigned (with strict consideration of the body's reaction). Classes are held daily, sometimes several times a day, at a certain dosage, in combination with the prescribed daily routine.

The principle of an individual approach involves taking into account gender, age, fitness level, the general condition of the patient, the course of the underlying and concomitant diseases.

Along with didactic principles, the optimal dosing of therapeutic physical culture means is of great importance - the establishment of the total dose (value) of physical activity when using both one exercise and any complex ( morning exercises, therapeutic exercises, walking, etc.) (V. N. Moshkov).

Physical activity should be adequate to the functional capabilities of the patient. An excessively small or large load will not have a sufficient therapeutic effect. The load is dosed by the choice of initial positions, the selection of exercises, the number of general developmental and breathing exercises, their duration, the number of repetitions of each exercise, the pace, the amplitude of movements, the degree of force tension, the complexity of movements, their rhythm, the emotionality of classes, their density.

In therapeutic physical culture, the choice of starting positions depends on the motor regimen prescribed by the doctor. There are three main starting positions: lying (on the back, on the stomach, on the side), sitting (in bed, on a chair, on a carpet with straight legs, sitting in bed or on a chair with legs down), standing (on all fours - knee-hand, on half-fours - knee-elbow, standing without support, relying on crutches, sticks, walkers, bars, crossbar, gymnastic wall, chair back, etc.). d.). For example, in diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, you can perform exercises in the prone position, reclining with your head held high, sitting, standing; with diseases of the digestive system - sitting, lying on your back, standing; with injuries of the spine - lying on the back and on the stomach, standing on all fours, reclining, standing.

The selection of physical exercises and the determination of their duration is carried out taking into account the principle of gradualness (from easy to difficult, from simple to complex), as well as the characteristics of the patient's personality and the course of the disease.

The duration of physical exercises is determined by the actual time spent by the patient on their implementation. It depends on the complexity of the exercises, the number of exercises in the complex, the individual reaction of the patient's body to the load.

The number of repetitions of each exercise depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, the number, nature and type of exercises included in this complex, the duration of their implementation. The number of repetitions of exercises for small muscle groups may be greater than for large ones.

The pace of movement may vary. Distinguish between slow, medium and fast pace. In a hospital, exercises are usually performed at a slow and medium pace, at the outpatient and sanatorium stages of rehabilitation - at a slow, medium and fast pace.

Reducing or increasing the amplitude (range) of movements also allows you to adjust the physical load.

The degree of force tension during the performance of movements depends on volitional tension, the use of weights, resistance, or a combination of them. Weighing can be carried out by weight own body, the weight of objects, the weight or resistance of the partner.

The degree of complexity of movements also affects the magnitude of the load. It is necessary to complicate the exercises gradually, as they master them, and also as the functional capabilities of the body grow.

The rhythm of movements, or the system of their alternation, has a great influence on performance. Properly selected rhythm of movements delays the onset of fatigue. The rhythm of movements helps to reduce the load on the nervous system due to the development of automatism.

The number of general developmental and breathing exercises in a lesson depends on the period and nature of the disease. As the recovery progresses, the proportion of these exercises decreases due to the introduction of special exercises. In some cases, for example, in diseases of the respiratory system, digestion or in the postoperative period, these exercises are special.

The use of the emotional factor consists in creating positive emotions in the patient during physical exercises. This increases the therapeutic effect of classes and delays the onset of fatigue.

Of great importance for dosing physical activity is the density of the lesson. It is determined by the ratio of the duration of the actual exercise to the duration of the entire lesson. In therapeutic physical culture, the load density reaches 25-30%. Basically, it depends on the duration of the breaks between individual exercises. In therapeutic and health-improving physical culture, the density of the load increases significantly.

The dosage of the load in therapeutic physical culture is very important, since the therapeutic effect of physical exercises largely depends on it. An overdose can cause a deterioration in the condition, and an insufficient load does not desired effect. Only in accordance with the patient's condition and his capabilities, physical activity can optimally change the functions of various body systems and have a therapeutic effect.

Physical activity is dosed depending on the tasks of this period of treatment, manifestations of the disease, functionality and age of the patient. It is far from always necessary to strive for great physical exertion. Health-improving and therapeutic effect in many diseases is achieved by special physical exercises with moderate physical activity. For example, improvement in peripheral circulation can be obtained by using exercises for small muscle groups and breathing exercises, which are classified as low-intensity exercises.

You can change the physical load in various methodological techniques, since it depends on many factors. The main of them is the volume of muscle groups involved in the movement, the number and nature of physical exercises: pace, amplitude of movement, degree of muscle tension.

You can increase or decrease physical activity by increasing or decreasing the number of repetitions of each exercise and changing the nature of their implementation.

Specially selected starting positions allow you to regulate the impact of physical exercises. Some of them in themselves cause physiological changes, as they require muscular efforts of a static nature. For example, in the sitting position, the heart rate increases by 5-8%, and in the standing position - by 10-20% compared to the prone position.

The alternation of muscle loads, when exercises for one muscle group are replaced by exercises for another group, and exercises with a large muscle load alternate with exercises that require little muscle effort, or with breathing exercises and relaxation exercises, prevents premature fatigue and provides an opportunity to perform physical exercises for a long time, without long breaks for rest.

Physical activity is also regulated by the degree of complexity of the exercises. Exercises that are difficult to coordinate can cause tension in muscles not involved in movement, thereby increasing the load.

The intensity of physical exercises can be small, moderate, large and maximum (V. K. Dobrovolsky). Low-intensity exercises include exercises involving the movement of small and medium muscle groups, performed at a slow and medium pace, static breathing exercises and muscle relaxation exercises. Starting positions should not cause large static stresses and make it difficult to perform exercises. Physiological changes during the performance of these exercises are insignificant: a slight change in heart rate, a moderate increase in the maximum and a decrease in the minimum blood pressure, slowing down and deepening of breathing.

Exercises of moderate intensity involve the movement of medium (at a medium and fast pace) and large (at a slow and medium pace) muscle groups. Dynamic breathing exercises, exercises with objects and small weights, walking at a slow and medium pace, sedentary games are used. When performing these exercises, the heart rate increases slightly, the maximum arterial and pulse pressure moderately increases, and pulmonary ventilation increases. The duration of the recovery period is several minutes.

Exercises of high intensity are characterized by the simultaneous inclusion of a large number of muscle groups in the work, the performance of movements at an average and fast pace. These include exercises on gymnastic equipment, with weights, fast walk, running, jumping, moving and sport games, skiing, etc. All of them place significant demands on the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems: they cause an increase in heart rate, an increase in maximum arterial and pulse pressure, and an increase in metabolism. The duration of the recovery period is over 10 minutes.

Exercises of maximum intensity are rarely used in therapeutic physical culture. Such exercises with maximum load include, for example, speed running. When they are executed, oxygen debt therefore, the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is greatly enhanced.

It is necessary to dose general and local physical exercise. The total load consists of the body's energy costs for the performance of muscle work in all physical exercises. The correspondence of its capabilities to the patient can be judged by the external signs of fatigue and the reaction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems - the dynamics of heart rate and respiration. Local physical activity has mainly local effects. An example of such a load is exercises to restore the movement of paralyzed muscles.

Passive movements and exercises performed with help have little overall effect, so they must be dosed by the degree of local influence. In some cases, local loads, for example, exercises to strengthen the muscles of the body with compression fractures, are dosed both according to the general and local effects (according to heart rate and the degree of muscle fatigue) on the patient's body. For a more accurate assessment of the general and local load, the subjective sensations of the patient are also taken into account.

Depending on the tasks in different periods of treatment, there are three main options (both general and local) for the dosage of loads: therapeutic, tonic (supportive), and training.

Therapeutic dosage is used in cases where it is necessary, first of all, to have a therapeutic effect on the affected system or organ, form compensation, and prevent complications. At the same time, the total physical load in classes is usually small and increases slightly from lesson to lesson. When the condition worsens, it decreases. Local physical activity consists of special exercises and can be small (for example, in the initial period of treatment of patients with bronchial asthma or with neuritis of the facial nerve) or moderate (for example, in the treatment of fractures during immobilization). Signs of general fatigue may not be observed, although fatigue of individual muscle groups is often noted. Physiological changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are not very pronounced.

A tonic (maintenance) dosage is used in a satisfactory condition of the patient with prolonged immobilization, chronic diseases with an undulating course, after the end of rehabilitation treatment with the maximum possible healing effect. General and local physical activity depends on the functionality of the organism as a whole, a separate affected organ or system. They should stimulate the functions of the main systems, i.e., have a tonic effect and maintain the achieved results of treatment. Physical exercise of moderate or high intensity is used. A characteristic feature of this variant of the dosage of loads is that they do not increase during the course of therapeutic physical culture. The lesson should not tire the patient, but cause a feeling of cheerfulness, a surge of strength, and an improvement in mood.

The training dosage is used during the recovery period and during the period of rehabilitation treatment, when it is necessary to normalize all the functions of the patient's body, increase his performance or achieve a high degree of compensation. Physical loads during the performance of both general developmental and special exercises increase from lesson to lesson due to various methodological techniques and dosed so as to cause fatigue. Physiological changes in the activity of the main systems, as a rule, are significant, but depend on the disease and the patient's condition. A training effect in certain periods of the disease can also be exerted by exercises of moderate intensity with a gradually increasing dosage. To determine the amount of physical activity that has a training effect, various tests are carried out. So, in diseases of the cardiovascular system, the maximum allowable physical activity is determined using a tolerance test; the value of the axial load in diaphyseal fractures - using the pressure of the injured immobilized leg on the scales until the onset of pain (80% of the obtained value - the optimal load); training effect to increase muscle strength has a load of 50% of the maximum.

Forms of therapeutic physical culture

There are many forms of therapeutic physical culture: morning hygienic gymnastics, therapeutic exercises, independent physical exercises, therapeutic dosed walking, dosed ascents (health path), mass forms of recreational physical culture, dosed swimming, rowing, etc. (see diagram).

Morning hygienic gymnastics is the performance of a specially selected set of physical exercises that promotes the transition of the body from a state of inhibition (sleep) to an active daily regimen. At the post-hospital stage of rehabilitation, morning hygienic gymnastics can be carried out outdoors, combining it with a short walk.

Remedial gymnastics is the main form of therapeutic physical culture aimed at restoring the function of the affected organ and the whole organism as a whole. The lesson consists of three parts: introductory, main and final. In the first, elementary gymnastic and breathing exercises are given, preparing the patient for increasing physical activity. In the second, special and general developmental exercises are used that have a positive effect on the affected organ and the entire body of the patient. The third includes elementary gymnastic and breathing exercises to relax muscle groups, which reduce the overall physical load and contribute to the restoration of physiological parameters.

self-study therapeutic exercises are carried out by patients who know how to perform physical exercises correctly and are conscious of the quality of their performance. A set of exercises for them is made up by specialists in therapeutic physical culture, taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient. Self-study, which are carried out with a preventive purpose, are built on the basis of the recommendations of the specialists themselves, as well as recommendations received with the help of the media (television and radio programs, special literature, etc.).

Therapeutic dosed walking is carried out to normalize gait after injuries and diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, metabolism, to train the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as to adapt the body to stress. Therapeutic walking is dosed by the speed of movement, the length of the distance, the length of the step, the terrain, the quality of the soil. Such walking is an independent form of therapeutic physical culture, in contrast to walking as a sports-applied exercise used in therapeutic exercises as a means of therapeutic physical culture.

Dosed ascent (terrenkur) - treatment by dosed walking with a gradual ascent and descent on special routes. This form of training is used for diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems, metabolic disorders, traumatic lesions of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. Depending on the steepness of the ascent, the health path routes are divided into groups with an ascent angle of 4-10°, 11-15°, 16-20°. The most famous health path routes are in Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Sochi, Gurzuf, Yalta.

Dosed swimming, rowing, skiing, skating, etc. can be not only means of therapeutic physical culture (as a kind of sports and applied exercises), but also an independent form. They are designed for further training of the functions of the affected organs and the whole organism as a whole, increasing the efficiency of convalescents, and preventing diseases. This form of training is applied individually - taking into account indications, contraindications and appropriate dosages. Recently, it has been widely used in the rehabilitation of athletes, young and middle-aged people.

The mass forms of recreational physical culture include elements of sports games, close tourism, elements of sports, mass physical culture performances, and holidays. These forms are selected and dosed individually. They are used during the period of final recovery in order to train all organs and systems. Mass forms of therapeutic physical culture can also be used for preventive purposes, especially in health groups, resorts and sanatoriums.

Conclusion

Health is not only the absence of diseases, but also a certain level of physical fitness, preparedness, functional state of the body, which is physiological basis physical and mental well-being. Physical activity is one of the indispensable conditions of life, which has not only biological, but also social significance. It is considered as a natural biological need of a living organism at all stages of ontogenesis and regulated in accordance with the functional capabilities of the individual is essential principle healthy lifestyle human life.

Thus, even short review The possibilities of physiotherapy exercises allow us to draw conclusions about the great importance that it has in human life:

doing physical exercises, a person himself actively participates in the treatment and recovery process, which has a beneficial effect on his psycho-emotional sphere;

acting on the nervous system, the functions of damaged organs are regulated;

as a result of the systematic use of physical exercises, the body adapts better to gradually increasing loads;

the most important mechanism of exercise therapy is also its general tonic effect on a person;

physiotherapy exercises also have an educational value: a person gets used to systematically perform physical exercises, this becomes his daily habit, contributes to a healthy lifestyle.

List of used literature

1. V.A. Epifanov "Therapeutic physical culture". - Moscow, 1987. - 528 p.

Vardimiadi N.D., Mashkova L.G., "Therapeutic exercise and diet therapy for obesity." - K .: Health, 1998. - 43 p.

Vasilyeva Z.L., Lyubinskaya S.M. "Reserves of health". - L.: Medicine, 1980. - 319 p.

Demin D.F. "Medical control during physical training." - St. Petersburg: 1999.

Dubrovsky V.I. "Therapeutic physical culture: a textbook for university students." M.: VLADOS, 1998-608s.

Epifanov V. A. Therapeutic physical culture and sports medicine. Textbook M. Medicine 1999, 304 p.

Popov S. N., Ivanova N. L. "On the 75th anniversary of the DEPARTMENT OF THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL CULTURE, MASSAGE AND REHABILITATION RGUPC / Physical Education in Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation" No. 3, 2003.

Preobrazhensky V. “How to survive in a tent, kiosk, bank. Gymnastics hidden from prying eyes” //FiS. - 1997.

Tolkachev B.S. "Physical culture against illness".-M .: Fizkult. I sport, 1980. - 104 p.

Encyclopedia of health. / Ed. V. I. Belova. - M.: 1993.

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Therapeutic exercise - affordable and effective method restore and improve health. Suitable Methods There is exercise therapy for every patient.

Exercise therapy (therapeutic physical culture) is a method of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of diseases, which consists in the use of specially selected physical exercises and staging.

The basis of exercise therapy is the use of one of the main biological functions of the body - movement, as the main stimulator of growth, development and formation of the body.

"Movement is life," says Voltaire's famous saying. But many people, for health reasons, are limited in performing physical exercises at a sports level. Exercise therapy methods allow solving this problem, taking into account the individual characteristics of a person.

What is LFK used for?

Therapeutic physical education is a necessary component of all sections of the modern practical medicine. Physical therapy is widely used in the following areas:

• traumatology (with open and closed fractures, soft tissue injuries to accelerate healing);
• orthopedics (diseases of the joints, flat feet);
• neurology (, disc herniation, humeroscapular periarthrosis, depressive states);
• cardiology (, hypertension, etc.) to improve the nutrition of the heart muscle and enhance its contractile function;
• pulmonology (pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma,);
• in preparation for operations on the abdominal and thoracic cavities, and rehabilitation after them (as a means of preventing postoperative complications);
• in the complex treatment of various pathologies in children (diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, rheumatism).
• with diseases of the digestive system (, peptic ulcer, liver and biliary tract disease),
• metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases (, gout),
• in obstetrics and gynecology (chronic inflammatory processes, abnormal positions of the uterus, prolapse of the walls of the vagina, menopause).

Exercise therapy exercises affect the central nervous system, changing the mobility of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex; correct the functions of the main body systems (respiration, blood circulation, etc.); improve metabolic processes; affect the emotional state of a person, distracting from the thought of the disease and giving a feeling of cheerfulness.

Physiotherapy exercises are prescribed exclusively by a doctor and are carried out strictly according to his appointment, most often in healthcare institutions. When choosing funds and exercise therapy techniques the characteristics of the disease and the patient's condition at the moment are taken into account.

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Means and methods of exercise therapy

Therapeutic exercise is not only physical exercises. Its means is any physical activity: swimming, walking, bath procedures, games for medicinal purposes. Exercise therapy is used in combination with a complex of recreational and therapeutic measures (therapeutic massage, physiotherapy, medication, diet).

Complexes of physical exercises are divided into gymnastic, applied sports (for example, swimming, rowing, skiing), outdoor and sports games. The most commonly prescribed gymnastic exercises in the form therapeutic gymnastics. Exercises vary in:

• anatomical principle: for the muscles of the arms, legs, respiratory organs, etc.;
• activity: active exercises are completely performed by the patient himself. They are free, lightened, with effort, for relaxation. Passive exercises are performed with outside help.

Types of physiotherapy exercises:

• general training aimed at strengthening and improving the body as a whole;
• special training, the purpose of which is to eliminate violations in the work of certain organs and systems of the body.

As part of a special training, certain groups of exercises are selected. In particular, to strengthen the abdominal muscles, exercises are done in a standing, sitting and lying position. To improve blood circulation in the pelvic area, exercises are used in the supine position.

Physical therapy classes can take place both with an instructor (in a group or individually), and independently. They take place in the form of morning or industrial gymnastics, dosed walking, medical, near tourism and health path, occupational therapy, mechanotherapy (exercises with the help of special apparatus and devices).

For exercise therapy to be effective, classes must be carried out for a long period, systematically and regularly with gradually increasing loads, taking into account the individual characteristics of a person (age, health status, motor activity, professions). As the course of exercise therapy progresses, the body adapts to the loads, and the violations provoked by the disease are corrected.

1). The concept of exercise therapy. features of the exercise therapy method and the scientific basis of exercise therapy. Exercise therapy This is a scientific-practical, medical-pedagogical discipline that studies the theoretical foundations and methods of using weds in physical culture for the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of various diseases. Exercise therapy uses f y as the main therapeutic agent. The basis of exercise therapy is the use of the biological function of the body - movement, which is the main stimulator of growth, development and formation of the body, stimulating the active activity of all its systems, and helps to increase the overall performance of the body. Exercise therapy is a method of non-specific therapy, and the applied fungi are non-specific stimuli that involve all parts of the nervous system in the response. F y are able to selectively influence various functions of the body, which is very important when taking into account pathological manifestations in individual systems and organs. Exercise therapy is a method of pathogenetic therapy, the systematic use of physical exercises can influence the reactivity of the body and the pathogenesis of the disease. Exercise therapy is a method of active functional therapy. Regular dosed training stimulates, adapts the patient's body to increasing physical loads and leads to the patient's functional adaptation. Exercise therapy acts as a method of general effect on the entire patient's body. Exercise therapy expands the patient's connection with natural factors, contributing to his adaptation. Preventive positions of exercise therapy are determined by its health-improving effect on patients. Exercise therapy is a method of rehabilitation therapy. With complex physical rehabilitation, exercise therapy is successfully combined with drug therapy and with various physical methods. One of the characteristic features of exercise therapy is the process of dosed training by physical exercises, there are general and special dosed training. General tr-ka is used to improve, strengthen and general development organism, general strengthening and general developing physical exercises are used. The purpose of special training is the development of functions and restoration of the organ involved in the pathological process. Special exercises are used that affect the affected system, the diseased organ (breathing exercises for pneumonia, exercises for the development of paralyzed limbs, etc.). Scientific research is characterized by an in-depth study of the mechanism of action of differentiated methods of rehabilitation therapy (physical exercises, position correction, traction treatment, massage, etc.) in the treatment of patients at the stages of rehabilitation: stationary - polyclinic - sanatorium-resort aftercare. The complex use of exercise therapy for various diseases and injuries is carried out on the basis of a study of changes immune system body and metabolism, testing the patient's physical performance using various methods of monitoring the functional state of the body during physical exertion. Motion activity programs have been created, methods have been developed medical supervision in the process of raising children preschool age, schoolchildren) and students, when the adult population is engaged in mass forms of physical education. The programs are based on the analysis of the mechanisms of adaptation of people of different sex, age, professional affiliation to physical activity of different volume, intensity and direction, taking into account the level of physical performance, functional state and health criteria.

3) General and specific action fu. The role of the nervous and humoral systems in their implementation. Physical exercises cause the formation, strengthening and strengthening of nerve connections between the central nervous system and the afferent systems of the locomotor apparatus and internal organs. One of the tasks of LH in diseases of the circulatory organs is to develop the correct full breath, as well as the ability to combine muscle activity in different motor modes with breathing. Respiratory disorders, inability to regulate it are typical for patients with pathology of the circulatory organs and are, apparently, signs of a decrease in the functions of the cardiovascular system and general discoordination of movements. Therefore, patient education correct breathing development of vital and important household skills and qualities (coordination of movements, voluntary relaxation skeletal muscle, muscle strength, endurance to static effort, posture, normalization of the dynamic stereotype, etc.) are included in the tasks of exercise therapy as a method of neuromotor re-education of the patient. Exercises in isometric mode are included strictly dosed, and their nature and volume in various diseases of the circulatory system are different. Peculiarities muscle activity in isometric mode, they allow to systematize physical exercises according to three main features: a) anatomical, which takes into account not only the localization of muscle groups involved in the performance of static stresses, but also the mass of muscle tissue; b) the intensity of the developed static effort; c) the duration of the developed static voltage (Table 5.1). In practical work, it is necessary to constantly take into account all these signs of exercises, since they are closely related to each other (I.B. Temkin). In the effect of exercises in the isometric mode on the central nervous system, in particular on interoceptive processes and relationships, it is first of all necessary to note their distinct stimulating effect, which is replaced by shifts in the opposite direction in the recovery period. In case of some diseases of the circulatory organs (for example, with primary arterial hypotension), exercises in the isometric mode create a protective excitation, thus providing a directed pathogenetic effect. The change of excitation to inhibition in the period of the aftereffect of exercises in the isometric mode, as well as the strengthening of inhibitory processes as a result of breathing exercises and exercises in voluntary muscle relaxation, which are complexed with static efforts, provides a pathogenetic effect in some diseases of the circulatory organs (for example, in hypertension). Exercises in the isometric mode provide wide intersystem regulatory influences and, above all, reflex interaction of the locomotor and visceral systems (M.R. Mogendovich In diseases of the circulatory organs, breathing exercises are used: a) as special ones that contribute to the normalization of blood circulation; b) as a means to reduce the magnitude of the general and special load in the procedure of LG; c) to teach patients proper rational breathing and the ability to voluntarily regulate breathing during exercise. The dominant of the motor analyzer, caused by physical exercises, normalizes the state of the respiratory system. Under the influence of proprioceptive impulses, the functional lability of the respiratory center changes: excessively high lability decreases, and pathologically low lability increases. It is also important that the activation of proprioceptive afferentation provides another important link in the improvement of the body - an increase in the coordination of the functions of two interconnected systems - blood circulation and respiration. The motor dominant not only normalizes and increases the functional ability of each individual system, but also integratively determines the correlation of their activity at a higher level.

4.Mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of fu on the body. The therapeutic effect of physical exercises is explained by the important social and biological role of movements in human life. In the body of a sick person, various structural and functional disorders occur, but at the same time, protective processes increase, compensation develops, and metabolism changes. Forced prolonged physical inactivity can worsen the course of diseases and cause a number of complications. Exercise therapy, on the one hand, has a therapeutic effect (stimulating protective mechanisms, accelerating and improving the development of compensation, improving metabolism), on the other hand, it reduces the adverse effects of reduced motor activity. The tonic effect of physical exercises consists in stimulating the intensity of biological processes in the body. Strengthening the activity of the endocrine glands improves the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other s-m, metabolism. The alternation of exercises that enhance the processes of excitation in the central nervous system (exercises for large muscle groups, with pronounced muscle effort, at a fast pace), with exercises that enhance the processes of inhibition (breathing exercises, exercises in muscle relaxation), contributes to the restoration of normal mobility of nervous processes. Trophic action f y - under the influence of muscular activity, metabolic processes and regeneration processes in the body are improved, the functional state of the vegetative centers is rebuilt, which improve the trophism of internal organs and the musculoskeletal system. The effectiveness of the use of the trophic effect of physical exercises largely depends on the optimality of the loads used in this case. With muscular activity, the trophic influence of the nervous system on the heart also increases, which helps to improve metabolic processes in the myocardium. The action of fu is manifested in the formation of compensations, i.e. temporary or permanent replacement of impaired functions. In case of violation of the function of a vital organ, compensatory mechanisms are activated immediately. For example, when the contractility of the heart is weakened, contractions of the heart become more frequent, thus. providing the necessary minute volume. Regulation of compensation processes occurs by a reflex mechanism. The ways of formation of compensations were established by Anokhin. According to his theory, signals about impaired functions are sent to the central nervous system, which rebuilds the work of organs and systems in such a way as to compensate for changes. Compensations are divided into temporary and permanent. Temporary compensation is an adaptation of the body for a short period, for example, an increase in diaphragmatic breathing during surgery on chest. Permanent compensation is necessary in case of irretrievable loss, for example, pulling up and rearranging a straight leg in an orthopedic apparatus due to the muscles of the pelvis and torso in paralysis of the legs due to traumatic injury to the spinal cord.

Unfortunately, even small children are not immune from problems with the spine, poor posture, because modern kids spend more and more time with their parents at home watching TV or with a phone and a tablet in their hands. And such a lifestyle will certainly affect the state of the child's musculoskeletal system. But if it is problematic for adults to correct the curvature of the spine, then in children this is all possible with help exercise therapy. This is a physiotherapy exercise that compensates for the lack of physical activity. What features it has in children and what benefits it brings, we will analyze in our article.

What is LFC

This is a set of exercises that is more reminiscent of yoga, because it is performed smoothly, slowly. The basis of physiotherapy exercises is the use of the main function of our body - this is movement. The whole complex is a selected exercise combined with proper breathing.

as a separate section exercise therapy medicine isolated only in the 20th century, but even Plato noted that movement is the same healing power as drugs. Therapeutic physical education is not only exercises, but also water procedures, normal walking, outdoor games.

The positive aspects of exercise therapy

In order for the body to develop normally, it is important not only proper nutrition but also regular physical activity. Often adults forget about this when they start scolding their kids for being too active. Exercise therapy for children is not just physical therapy, it also plays an educational role:

• The child receives some hygiene knowledge.
• Get to know the world around you better.
• Learn to relate to the world around you.

What does physical therapy give a child? Parents often ask this question, believing that only serious sports can bring benefits. But this is far from true. Exercise therapy exercises:

• contribute to the harmonious development of the musculoskeletal system;
• correct posture;
• back muscles are strengthened;
• in the presence of asymmetry of posture, a correction occurs.

Exercise therapy is a complex that can prevent postural disorders. Therapeutic physical education develops endurance, strength, improves coordination of movements.

Also thanks to exercise therapy:

• immunity is strengthened;
• the body becomes less susceptible to various pathogens;
• the child adapts better to school;
• the work of the whole organism is normalized;
• sleep and appetite improves.

Children especially need exercise therapy for diseases of the musculoskeletal system. But a preliminary consultation of a specialist is necessary in order to choose an effective complex.

Varieties of exercises

Some believe that physiotherapy exercises are an ordinary gymnastics complex, but experts say that any exercise can be attributed to exercise therapy. leisure. Often classes with children are held in a playful way, so that the kids are interested.

All exercises that are included in the complex can be divided into:

1. Are common. They are used to strengthen the entire body.
2. Special exercises are aimed at a specific system, for example, exercise therapy for fractures will contribute to the speedy healing and restoration of mobility of the injured limb. If there is scoliosis or flat feet, then the exercises are selected to correct these pathologies.

All exercises can also be divided into groups:

• active movements.
• Static to hold postures.
• Passive. These exercises are usually included in the complex for babies, because the baby is not yet able to do them on his own.

The nature of the exercises also differs, they are:

• Respiratory.
• Relaxing.
• Stretching.
• Corrective.
• Coordination.

Taking into account what deviations in the musculoskeletal system the child has, the specialist selects a set of exercises.

Contraindications for exercise therapy

Despite the enormous benefits of therapeutic exercises, it is not indicated for all children; contraindications include:

• The presence of any pathologies in an acute form.
• Malignant tumors.
• Frequent bleeding.
• Heart disease.
• Violation of the rhythm of the heart.
• Poor health of the child.
• Heat.

Even in the absence of contraindications, if the child is ill with a common cold, then it is worth interrupting for a few days exercise therapy classes, after recovery, resume again.

Features of children's exercise therapy

Since classes are held with children, the instructor must thoroughly prepare. It is important to choose as much as possible more exercise in a playful way. But the following points must also be taken into account:

• The age of the kids.
• The level of physical development.
• The state of the psyche.
• The development of fine motor skills.

Therapeutic gymnastics contributes not only to proper formation posture in a child, strengthening the body, but also normalizing the work of the cardiovascular system.

Some rules for exercise therapy

This is a complex that must be performed in compliance with some rules that can make classes more effective:

• Before the first lesson, it is necessary to visit a doctor, because in the presence of serious pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, medical assistance may also be required.
• Classes should be conducted by specialists who can adequately assess the condition of the child.
• It is necessary to load the baby gradually.
• Exercise therapy exercises should not cause pain to the child when performed.
• To make it more interesting for kids, it is necessary to select a variety of exercises, include game moments.
• It is not worth starting the complex immediately after eating, at least 45 minutes should pass.

• You need to work in a room that is well ventilated.
• If the complex is done with a baby, then it should begin and end with a pleasant stroke, but for older children, relaxing and breathing exercises are done at the beginning of the complex and at the end.
• Some people think that exercise therapy complex does not require a warm-up, but it is not. It is also divided into an introductory, main and final part.
• The course of exercise therapy is usually prescribed by a doctor, it can be repeated several times during the year.

Features of exercise therapy for scoliosis in a child

Considering that our children now spend much more time at computer monitors than in active movement, it is not surprising that many are already in primary school have the wrong posture. If everything is still not so neglected, then there is every chance to return the straight back to the child.

For this, it is important to choose correct exercises, and only an orthopedist who needs to be visited can do it competently. In serious cases, not only gymnastics may be required, but also the use of a special corset.

Depending on the type of curvature of the spine, exercises are selected:

1. If diagnosed with kyphosis thoracic, then exercise therapy for children must necessarily include exercises to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder girdle, as well as to stretch the muscles of the chest.
2. In the presence of a flat back, it is necessary to choose exercises in such a way that the muscles of the back, legs, shoulder girdle.
3. Scoliosis requires exercises to increase the mobility of the spine, improve coordination of movements, and stretch the spinal column.

Exercise therapy for the shoulder, lumbar - it does not matter, it requires that the exercises be performed regularly. If you practice only a couple of times a week, then there will be no effect.

Approximate complex for preschoolers

It has already been noted that for kids it is necessary to include many game moments in the complex, but the main exercises can be distinguished:

1. It is necessary to start the complex with a warm-up. You can start by walking with high knees for a few seconds, on toes, heels.
2. While waving your arms to the sides, at the same time rise on your toes.
3. Exercise with a gymnastic stick. Pick it up from the floor, lift it up on outstretched arms and put it on the floor again.
4. Swing your legs from a prone position, while the pelvis should not come off the floor.
5. Exercise "swallow".
6. Half-squat, bending your knees, and take your hands back, return to initial position. The back during the exercise should be straight.
7. Coordination exercise: take turns standing on one leg with arms outstretched to the side.

Exercises can be done using various gymnastic equipment, for example, jump ropes, balls, hoops.

Approximate complex for schoolchildren

After warming up, you can begin to perform the following exercises:

1. Lower and raise your arms with the ball, while the elbows should be apart.
2. Keeping your back straight, you need to lower and raise the ball behind your head.
3. Put one hand behind the back from above, and the other from below and try to fasten them into the lock.
4. Tilts to the side with arms outstretched to the side.
5. Take a position lying on the floor, and bend your back without lifting your pelvis.
6. From a kneeling position with an emphasis on the hands, bend and round the back.
7. Lie on your stomach and at the same time raise your legs and shoulders, lingering for a few seconds.
8. Bicycle exercise.

After the end of the complex, you must definitely walk around, perform breathing exercises. During classes, the coach must necessarily monitor the correctness of the exercises, breathing and the position of the child's back.

Violation of posture is not yet a sentence. If parents pay attention to this in a timely manner, then a special complex will not only quickly return the child to an even back, but also strengthen the entire body.

exercise therapy - therapeutic physical culture, i.е. teaching a person through physical exercise to benefit himself, to make himself healthier.

Thus, with most painful conditions, with the help of a certain set of exercises, you can help yourself. It is difficult to find a field of medicine where there is no exercise therapy.

Indications for the use of exercise therapy in medicine

Most often, exercise therapy finds application:

• with osteochondrosis at different stages of manifestation (from manifestations in the form of pain in a certain place to various kinds of radicular disorders with protrusions and herniated intervertebral discs);
• in patients after various kinds of injuries (limbs, nerves, brain and spinal cord, internal organs, muscles, ligaments, etc.);
• with orthopedic problems (scoliosis, torticollis, postural disorders, flat feet, etc.);
• bronchopulmonary diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma);
• cardiovascular disorders (fluctuations blood pressure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction);
• visual disturbances (astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, cataracts);
• in the recovery period after a stroke;
• to relieve stress;
• in the fight against excess weight;
• before and after operations on the internal organs, vessels of the legs;
• during and after pregnancy;
• in the treatment of gynecological and urological problems.

Benefits of exercising

• There is an improvement in gas exchange due to breathing exercises. The blood is saturated with oxygen, the effects of hypoxia in all organs and tissues are reduced.
• Filmed muscle tension, therefore, the manifestations of pain (acute and chronic) disappear, static-dynamic changes occur in the limbs and spine.
• Peristalsis, motility of the stomach and intestines, gallbladder improves, digestion processes improve
• The tone of the muscles of the uterus and bladder changes, problems with urination disappear (enuresis, urinary incontinence or difficulty urinating).
• The tone of large and small vessels is normalized, which means that the blood supply to all muscle groups and organs, skin, brain and spinal cord improves.
• Improves or completely restores nerve conduction, forms the correct regulation of all vital systems and organs.
• The phenomena of stagnation in the organs of the small pelvis and abdominal cavity disappear, trophic disorders are restored due to the restoration of the mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes.
• There are changes in the acid-base and water-salt, electrolyte composition of the blood.
• The range of motion in the joints increases, contractures disappear, lost skills are restored and consolidated.
• During movement, hormones are released that are responsible for feelings of joy and calmness, emotions and sleep are normalized.
• The processes of adaptation of the body, resistance to stress improve.

Types of physiotherapy exercises

Depend on the purpose of the exercise and on the complex of exercises used:

1. Morning gymnastics. It represents the minimum load and is carried out to prepare the body after sleep, to perform one or another type of activity. It gives energy for the whole day. During its implementation, the production of substances necessary for participation in metabolic processes improves, blood supply is activated, gas exchange and oxygen absorption improve. Improves muscle tone, which contributes to endurance when performing physical activities during the day.
2. Physiotherapy. It already has a specific goal and the complex of exercises used depends on it. Conducted individually or group lessons.

Includes:

• warm-up: a few simple preparatory more often, breathing exercises for 1-2 minutes $
• main part: specific exercises to stretch the muscles, increase the range of motion in the joints, strength exercises, for coordination. For endurance, etc. The duration depends on the initial level of health of the student and ranges from several to 20-30 minutes $
• final part: to restore the rhythm of breathing, pulse, blood pressure and relax the muscles involved in the load. About 5-8 minutes.

Types of gymnastics

1. Dosed walking. It is carried out at different speeds on level ground. From 3 km/h to 6.5 km/h. It is determined by a physiotherapist. It is prescribed to patients after myocardial infarction, pneumonia or bronchial asthma, after prolonged bed rest, weakened after infectious diseases. Its purpose is to improve breathing and cardiovascular system, establish metabolic processes in the body, improve the mood of patients.
2. Therapeutic swimming. The main indications for the appointment are spinal osteochondrosis, posture disorders, scoliosis, obesity, neurosis and depression. Swimming styles are different. The age of the patient, his ability to stay on the water also matters. Therefore, various kinds of devices can be used (swimming ring, armlets, fins, etc.). Swimming is mandatory under the supervision of medical personnel. A variation of swimming is hydrokinesitherapy, when strength exercises are carried out in the water. This is especially true for people with physical disabilities (children's cerebral paralysis, anomalies in the development of limbs, amputations of limbs at different levels).
3. Gymnastics for pregnant women. In this category of patients, the approach to classes is special, depending on the gestational age. It is selected strictly individually. Includes exercises to train economical breathing, to stretch and strengthen the muscles of the pelvis, and prevent constipation.
4. Gymnastics for older people is aimed at preventing coordination disorders, maintaining the general tone of the body and psychological mood
5. Therapeutic gymnastics for children. You can start at four months of age. It is carried out in the form of a game and only individually, the time of classes depends on the desire of the child. After the first year, the horizons of the child increase, the volume of exercises increases, and in addition to general strengthening exercises, others are also connected to solve a specific problem.
6. Rehabilitation physiotherapy exercises stand out separately. Specifically, to restore the lost function.

• gymnastics for the eyes
• facial exercises
• development of limbs after fractures for the prevention of joint contractures

Note! Passive gymnastics is carried out in patients with impaired consciousness, in sharply weakened patients, when they cannot perform movements on their own. These exercises are aimed at the prevention of bedsores and the development of contractures.

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Contraindications to exercise therapy

There are not so many of them, some of them can be attributed to relative contraindications. You can always find a replacement for a set of exercises:

1. Acute stage of an infectious disease.
2. Feverish conditions.
3. Severe pain syndrome during exacerbation of osteochondrosis or arthrosis, arthritis.
4. Respiratory or heart failure in the stage of decompensation.
5. Instability of respiratory rate and pulse during exercise.
6. Malignant neoplasms.
7. The period after bleeding or with the threat of their recurrence.
8. Severely weakened and emaciated patients.

Note! In any case, the decision on the need for a set of exercises and the type of exercise, the time for performing these exercises, is taken by the attending physician and the responsible physician for physiotherapy exercises on an individual basis, followed by correction of the set of exercises.

Do healthy people need exercise therapy?

In the modern rhythm, moderate physical activity fades into the background, the need for walking is less and less. Mankind begins to lead sedentary image life" while working at the computer, there is a car to move even for short distances.

Against the background of physical inactivity, there is an increase in emotional stress, experiences. The phrase “Movement is life” is losing its relevance.

A decrease in motor activity leads to a gradual hypotrophy of the entire muscular system body, people are increasingly beginning to suffer from manifestations of osteochondrosis, in the form of chronic back pain at all levels (cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral).

Against this background, general weakness appears, the mood changes for the worse, a person cannot withstand stress. Loss of interest in life. The question arises what to do. This is where LFK comes to the rescue.

Relaxation exercises, increasing lung capacity, and relieving emotional stress help to resist this and maintain your health. It is better to conduct group classes or in the form of games that turn into competitions, which will contribute to pleasant live communication.

Therapeutic exercise is one of the leading methods of treatment and prevention a large number diseases. You can start using it from infancy and quite advanced. This technique can be used both independently and in combination with massage, physiotherapy procedures. Can be designed for individual or group use.