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miCoach Smart Ball has been around for several years soccer ball, which automatically determines whether he crossed the goal line or not. miCoach Smart Ball from Adidas can do much more. He can act as personal trainer for a football player, helping him to hone his skills in delivering a variety of kicks (penalty kick, free kick, distance kick, corner kick, etc.) other blows. A special application displays on the screen of a computer device all the data on the work of a football player with the ball. Now the soccer ball can tell you in which particular area it is better to concentrate the impact force in order to achieve the desired goal.
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GoPro - camera for extreme sports Cameras from the GoPro series are a favorite device for people involved in extreme sports. After all, this device is not afraid of water, heat, cold, or shock. It will record your sports activities in any conditions, so that later you have the opportunity to demonstrate your achievements to the whole world!
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sports glasses Recon Jet. Recon Jet These are interactive glasses designed primarily for sports on outdoors. Technically, the Recon Jet glasses boast a camera that can shoot 720p HD video, 8 gigabytes of persistent flash memory, a 3D accelerator, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless modules, and a wired Micro USB port.
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iPod Nano - a player for sportsmen Sometimes not only technologies influence sports, but also sports on technologies. One of the most striking examples of this is the emergence of a miniature audio player iPod Nano, which Apple created specifically for the needs of people involved in sports. After all, they needed a very compact player with quick and convenient access to music during training.
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Heart Rate Monitors A heart rate monitor (heart rate monitor) records an athlete's heart rate and workout data during a workout. The transmitter (small semicircular box) reads heart rate signals and sends them to the monitor, hung on clips on a soft belt in the form of a wide elastic band with a clasp. The belt has a built-in electrode zone that registers pulse signals.
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laser football pitch by NIKE NIKE has launched an unusual sports and social project in Madrid. She created a minibus that can travel from district to district and create a laser version in squares, parking lots and other wastelands. sports ground. All you have to do is send an SMS to desired number, indicating the time and place in it.
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Adidas MiCoach Elite and MLS: A smarter take on football Recently, Adidas launched a digital coach technology called MiCoach. These initiatives were joined by the main US football league - MLS, which decided to equip each player and coach in each of the nineteen teams with a set of devices that control it. physical state during matches and training.
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Mini MINI for the London Olympics - a real sports car MINI MINI is a four times smaller copy of the MINI E car. It was created in a limited edition especially for Olympic Games 2012 in London. And it's meant to be vehicle for servicing competitions - transportation of copies, cores, disks and other sports equipment.
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Electric treadmills Running at an easy pace does nothing for the athlete in terms of developing endurance. by the most effective workouts to increase it are cross-country running, sprinting and uphill segments, continuous uphill running. Due to the fact that it is often difficult for an athlete to find a lift of the required steepness and length, an electric treadmill on which you can easily carry out any mountain training.
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How next-generation gear is changing the sport
At the peak of popularity, films about the heroic deeds of Soviet and Russian athletes create an unshakable confidence that in order to demonstrate unprecedented high results to the whole world, the invincible Russian spirit, the firm hand of a coach and the will to win are needed. At the same time everyone is talking doping scandals, in the center of which is the idea that doping is the main reason for the success of domestic athletes.
For each sports victory meanwhile, the work of doctors and psychologists, nutritionists and, of course, developers the latest technologies. They do everything possible and impossible for the speedy recovery of the participants of the competition after training and demonstration performances.
The development of sports technologies in the last decade has acquired a rapid character. The continuous search for new solutions affects the field of clothing, equipment, equipment.
"Wonder Form"
Today, this phrase means not only the athlete’s reaching the optimal level of his physical abilities, but also emphasizes the quality of the clothes in which he relaxes, trains and performs.
Legendary brands of sports equipment are in constant competition and strive to offer the best solution - clothing that will be a tandem of strength, ergonomics, comfort for professional athletes and amateurs. active species sports.
For skiers from the United States, the legendary American firm North Face has tried their best, spending 2 years creating more than 60 innovative pieces of equipment.
Canadian snowboarders at the recent Olympics wore the high-tech Coldgear Infrared kit, developed by Under Armor scientists. Such sportswear helps the athlete maintain optimal body temperature in anticipation of the competition and directly at the start.
Inside, this sports uniform is covered with a special layer of special ceramics, which forms an air layer that allows you to keep warm in any offered circumstances.
For many skiers, RECCO sportswear does more than just help them achieve best result, but also saves lives during extreme skiing.
The thing is that such clothes are not just equipment. It is a whole rescue system equipped with sensors and reflectors that allow even an unconscious athlete to send an SOS signal and notify search services of their location in the mountains.
Together with a corporation that is professionally engaged in the production of aircraft construction equipment, Under Armor has developed sportswear from innovative fiberglass Mach39. It is designed for skaters. The shape allows you to significantly reduce drag and makes it possible to set new records.
As many as 108 world-class records have been set in Speedo swimsuits designed by the Pentland Group. Leading swimmers from different countries of the world, who managed to reduce resistance by only 2% with the help of this unique equipment, showed truly outstanding results.
But what about shoes?
Representatives of running sports have already adopted innovative developments from Nike, which has proven in deeds, not in words, that in sports, a priori, there are no and cannot be trifles.
Hyper Adapt. This is the name of the technology that allows you to lace up 3D-printed sneakers “exactly on the leg”. According to the manufacturer, the first to reach the finish line is the one who, with the help of innovative developments, will be able to do it with truly jewelry accuracy.
How not to lose face?
It's no secret that the world's leading runners cover gigantic distances in marathons and half marathons in all weather conditions. Do not lose face (in the most direct, and not figuratively Words) they are helped by the best grip of sneakers with the running surface, achieved with Nike Anti-Clog Traction. The special material of the sole provides reliable grip even when running on Russian, far from ideal, roads.
And in order for the leg to be comfortable even during The Comrades super marathon, which has been held for almost a hundred years in the difficult climatic realities of South Africa, a special - almost weightless - Nike Flyknit fabric has been developed. It provides excellent ventilation, makes the movement faster, less traumatic.
Not an athlete for shoes, but shoes for an athlete
This quite fair principle was proclaimed by Adidas, Nike's eternal competitor. The developers of this shoe have implemented the BOOST technology. The shoe adapts to the characteristics of the athlete's foot during training or running, guaranteeing maximum support for the foot.
A real sensation in the world of sports was the UA HOVR model, which was created in collaboration with the chemical laboratory The Down Chemical. Just yesterday, miraculous shoes that provide the foot with a return of expended energy at the moment of contact with the ground could seem like a fantasy. Today it is an objective reality.
Safely. Even safer
It is this slogan that can be adopted by those sports whose residents were either jokingly or seriously called suicides yesterday. The modern industry of helmets designed for auto and motorcycle racing, as well as all kinds of competitions in skiing, significantly reduced for each of the athletes who chose impact-resistant products from Giro Avance for themselves, the risk of falling into a hospital bed right from the circuit.
The costumes of racers and skiers have long been a "solid airbag". It will work with a critical change in the position of the body in space and minimize damage in the event of a fall or collision.
Where is Russian?
Domestic athletes glorifying Russia on the international sports arena are the most active users of Western developments. Manufacturers of sports equipment from our country are not yet ready to offer equipment that would meet the real needs of Russian athletes.
But who knows, maybe quite a bit of time will pass, and Russian scientists will offer the world a unique symbiosis of scientific knowledge and high technology that will set new records.
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Essay
on the topic: "Innovative technologies in physical education and sports"
Prepared by: student of group 8
Faculty of Pediatrics
1st year Parshutina E.A.
Introduction
Literature
Introduction
Under the conditions of integration of the domestic higher education into the European system of higher education, the role of the technological development of physical culture increases significantly, since only a timely change in pedagogical technologies can improve the quality of physical culture in general.
The main mistake of the steps taken in the modernization of physical culture is their abstract nature. Under the new conditions, universities continue to operate in a reflexive mode, focusing mainly on the problems of resource provision. educational process, to a lesser extent, being engaged in substantiation of the strategy for the development of physical culture. Therefore, today it is necessary to critically rethink the modern theory and practice of students' physical education.
It should be recognized that the coefficient of individual components of physical culture, for example, student sports, remains quite high. In this regard, the introduction of its technologies is relevant, for example, “sport for all” (“sport for all”), “sports for everyone” (“sport for everyone”); “fitness” (from English to be in shape), “trim” (from the verb to trim - to put in order), “new games” (new games such as streetball, beach volleyball, etc.), “green sport” (“green sport” - mountaineering, orienteering, rock climbing, etc.), “move for health” (movement for health), demanded by students of many European universities.
Technology in a broad sense is the organization of an effectively developing system of physical culture that is balanced in terms of organizational, material, informational and human resources, meeting the modern needs of student youth. It covers the entire set of processes of formation of high physical condition of students, with the help of which the integrity of education is realized and sports training, regulating the operational composition of students' motor activity, its structure and development.
Speaking of technology, attention is focused on the guaranteed end result when performing a certain set of actions. However, the same technology in the hands of different performers may look different each time: here the presence of the personal component of the master, the characteristics of the contingent of students, their general mood and psychological climate in the team is inevitable. The results achieved by different teachers using the same technology will be different, but close to some average index characterizing the technology in question.
Of particular importance is the author's ideology, which gives the content of the training process a personality-oriented character, taking into account the diversity of types and forms of physical culture. Sports-oriented technologies (for example, Sports Engineering technologies) are focused on the didactic use of scientific knowledge, the scientific organization of the pedagogical process, taking into account the empirical innovations of teachers, and are aimed at achieving high sports results.
High pedagogical potential in the sports restructuring of the pedagogical process have methodological techniques, recreating in training specific situations of competitive activity of students - such as "Sports Case study" and "Action learning". They allow you to objectively determine the limiting factors of students' readiness, outline specific steps to overcome them.
Educational technologies such as innovative learning are aimed at correcting the interaction of the musculoskeletal system and sensory systems. The wide use of complexes is envisaged special exercises with preset and variable parameters, speed and pace. Work programs of aerobic orientation (with low - Low impact and high - High impact load) can be presented as modular programs that provide not only an increase in the power of the hemodynamic system of the body, the development of the capacity of the aerobic mechanism of energy supply, but also be part of complex exercises that combine various options for aerobic and mixed loads.
The sports specificity of the educational and training process provides for the development of higher volumes of training and competitive loads, their optimization and balance. Increased energy intensity of the developed physical activity leads to stable morphological changes, increasing the power of the most important functional systems of the body, and strengthening the immune systems.
Specialists in physical education more and more often use the terms "innovative technology", "author's program", "experimental technique", as well as various combinations of these words.
Today, there is an increase in the interest of physical culture specialists in the development of new versions of the pedagogical process, in the description and dissemination of their experience.
The author's program should be really new, that is, it should be based on fundamentally different positions, and not suggest using new (fashionable) content within the framework of the old program. It is conventionally assumed that introducing less than 50% of changes into the program is its modification, that is, a modification depending on the existing conditions. If the changes cover from 50 to 75% of the material - experimental and only more than 75% (that is, in fact, a completely new vision of activity) - author's. Consideration from these positions of physical culture programs appearing in the press shows that most of them are variations of well-known programs.
The frequent use of the adjective "innovative" in various scientific and methodical publications characterizes the innovative processes taking place in physical culture. To understand these processes, it is necessary to define the concepts of "innovation", "innovation", "innovation".
Innovation is a new (new idea) in the practice of any activity, in particular, in education.
Innovation is the first implementation of innovation in natural conditions, i.e. innovation is an innovation that is tested in the framework of experimental work.
Innovation is an innovation that has been implemented and is widespread in the practice of education.
Features of the spread of innovation are as follows: innovation is not adequately recognized immediately; the readiness of innovation for dissemination is associated with the availability of a sample; innovation in the process of distribution changes, turning into a family of similar innovations, perceived by specialists initially as one and the same, and only then differentiated; public sentiment and public opinion act as catalysts for the spread of innovation.
The emergence and spread of innovative technologies in physical culture is predominantly spontaneous and is often accompanied by the creation of an artificial atmosphere of hype and sensationalism around some of them.
1. Healthy breathing technologies
Breathing properly means breathing deeply. Everything seems to be logical: you inhale more air - the body receives more oxygen. In fact, deep breathing does not exercise the muscles that provide breathing. In addition, with a deep breath, the body loses a certain amount of carbon dioxide, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the body.
Gymnastics Strelnikova A.N. built on the principle of breathing with compressed lungs. The most important thing in gymnastics is a short powerful breath, in which the lungs do not expand, but contract. At the same time, air fills them from top to bottom, passing to the farthest corners. In the exercises of A.N. Strelnikova, inhalation is performed when bringing the hands together in front of the chest, i.e. in a difficult position of the respiratory muscles, exhalation - when spreading the arms. The respiratory muscles have to work with full load, while developing and getting stronger. With this method of breathing, gas exchange is activated, the work of the brain centers for controlling breathing is improved.
With proper application and sufficient perseverance, gymnastics by A.N. Strelnikova helps to strengthen the body, restores metabolism, allows you to cope with stress, relieves fatigue, increases vitality, improves memory, restores visual acuity and hearing. Thanks to daily activities breathing exercises can get rid of neurodermatitis, psoriasis and other skin diseases. It activates the blood circulation of the connective tissue, due to which the pathology of the endocrine glands disappears.
Research on the effectiveness of breathing exercises A.N. Strelnikova showed that in an unprepared person, after a few minutes of training, the vital capacity of the lungs increases by 10-15%.
A complex consisting of eight basic exercises should be performed twice a day - before meals or an hour after meals, and each time the complex must be completed in full.
1. Turning the head to the right and left. For each turn (at the end point) a short noisy breath through the nose. The pace is one breath per second or slightly faster. Don't think about breathing out. It is carried out automatically through a slightly open mouth. This provision applies to all gymnastics exercises by A.N. Strelnikova.
2. Head tilt to the right and left. A sharp breath at the end point of each movement.
3. Tilt the head forward and backward. Short breath at the end of each movement.
4. Reduction of hands in front of the chest. With such an oncoming movement, the hands are compressed top part lungs at the moment of rapid, noisy inspiration. Right hand either above or below.
5. Spring forward bends. Instant breath at the bottom. You should not bend too low, you do not need to straighten up to the end either.
6. Springy tilts back with the reduction of raised arms. Inhale at the extreme point of the back bend.
7. Springy lunge squats. From time to time, the right and left legs change places. Inhale at the extreme point of the squat at the moment of bringing the lowered hands together.
8. Tilts forward and backward (according to the pendulum principle). Inhale at the extreme point of inclination forward, and then at the extreme point of inclination back.
With severe myopia, glaucoma, with very high blood pressure breathing exercises A.N. Strelnikova is contraindicated. Also, paradoxical gymnastics should not be performed in combination with other breathing exercises and yoga exercises.
Qigong - the ancient Chinese art of self-regulation - goes back thousands of years. Qi is the energy present in heaven, on earth and in every living being. These three types of energy interact with each other, penetrating and turning into each other. The word "gong" in China is often used as an abbreviation for "gongfu", which means "energy-time". Any study or training that requires a lot of energy and time is called "gong fu". This term applies to any activity that takes time, energy and patience. Thus, "qigong" can be translated as "pneum-qi work", "training related to qi and requiring a significant investment of time and effort."
According to some sources, this system has 3 thousand years, according to others - more than 5 thousand. There are several directions and schools of qigong, and depending on their goals, different methods of practice. Traditionally, they began to be divided into Confucian, Taoist, Buddhist, Medical (or Medicinal), Martial Arts (or Boxing school). The main goal is the development of a person as an individual, personality, understanding of his place in the world, his tasks. Many exercises are aimed at raising the immune properties of the body, relaxation in stressful situations.
All qigong techniques are divided into 2 types: hard and soft. Rigid methods are used, as a rule, to develop the skills of instant inclusion of the functional systems of the body at full capacity for the realization of mental and physical capabilities. Soft systems usually pursue the goal of treatment and recovery. But the functional line between them can not always be clearly drawn. In addition, according to the way the exercises are performed in all schools, they are divided into three classes: static (sometimes they are called quiet or calm, or motionless), dynamic and static-dynamic (a combination of motionless postures and movements). And each of these three classes of exercises has a specific role: regulation of the body, regulation of the breath, regulation of the consciousness (mind), or a combination of both.
Simple exercises help get rid of asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, kidney stones, ischemia, arrhythmia and many other ailments.
In the East, breathing is of great importance: it is believed that it sets the basic rhythms of the body, synchronizes the work of all internal organs and systems, saturating every cell of the body with energy and oxygen, increases immunity and the ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The person who has mastered breathing exercises qigong, are protected from any ailments.
Breathing exercises according to the qigong system do not require any special physical preparation. In order to have a lasting therapeutic effect, do the exercises regularly, twice a day - in the morning, immediately after waking up, and in the evening, before going to bed. Do breathing exercises preferably in the fresh air. Choose clothes made from natural fabrics, loose and comfortable.
Exercises are available for people of any age - from children to very old people. Many elements of qigong practice are very similar to those used in the traditions of different peoples: Slavic, South American, African
Relaxation and tranquility
§ Accept initial position: stand up straight, put your feet shoulder-width apart and slightly bend at the knees;
§ Freely lower your arms along the body, relax your shoulders, bend your elbows slightly and set aside - so that an empty space forms under the armpits;
§ Pick up the stomach and buttocks, relax the hips and waist;
§ Pull the neck and spine up - as if the head was suspended by a rope tied to the top of the head, do not strain the muscles;
§ Close your eyes, move your chin back a little, touch the tubercles behind the upper front teeth with the tip of your tongue.
Stay in this position until you feel completely calm and relaxed. Move on to the exercise.
Three deep breaths and exhalations
§ Place your palm on the lower abdomen (women - right, men - left) so that its middle is 3 cm below the navel (Dantian level), and cover it with the other palm;
§ Exhale easily and calmly through your mouth, sit down a little and touch the base of the front lower teeth with the tip of your tongue;
§ Hold your breath for 2-3 seconds;
§ Touch the tubercles behind the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue, inhale air through the nose and only then rise.
Breathe arbitrarily for 20-30 seconds, even out your breathing and repeat the exercise 2 times, then, without changing your body position, proceed to the next exercise.
Three openings and closings
§ Turn your palms back to each other, fingers look down;
§ Take a calm slow exhalation and spread the brushes in arched movements until they are about 15 cm away from the side surfaces of the thighs;
§ Inhale smoothly and deeply through the nose, spread and round the fingers of the hands, turn the hands with the palms towards each other and make a movement with them, as if you are gathering energy from the surrounding space with full handfuls and ending it in dantian;
Repeat 2 times, then take the starting position - stand up straight, put your feet shoulder-width apart, freely lower your arms along the body, bend your elbows and knees slightly.
2. Anti-stress plastic gymnastics
"Anti-stress plastic gymnastics" as a new promising direction of mass recreational physical education was developed by A.V. Popkov and E.N. Litvinov; certified in 1989 by the Main Department of Physical Education of the Population of the State Sports Committee of the USSR.
Anti-stress plastic gymnastics (APG) is based on fundamental domestic scientific and practical developments, a new direction of health-improving work with the population, which has state approval and is recognized as a new method of moral and physical education. The method underwent a large-scale medical and pedagogical approbation, which revealed a fundamentally new mechanism for adapting the body to the effects of stress factors of various nature and, accordingly, new possibilities for its rehabilitation.
This area of mass health work was created to help those who for some reason are deprived of the opportunity to have a good rest, which means for everyone, and especially for children. The fundamental research carried out has shown fundamentally new possibilities for the elimination of stresses and their consequences with the help of a stress-inhibiting mechanism that acts as an automatic protection against neuropsychic overload.
The ability to use it with the simplest movements and a non-violent approach allows you to achieve several goals at once:
1. To make an ordinary lesson in physical culture a source of progressive neuropsychic stability for the subsequent protection of the psyche of students from the accumulation of information overload.
2. To ensure the teacher's interest in such a lesson, since the comfortable state formed by this approach acts in itself as a healing factor and therefore has an attractive force.
3. Guarantees exceptionally high efficiency (up to 90% improvement) in all life support systems, as it constantly increases the overall tone of the body.
4. Provides a progressive motivation to take care of yourself and your health, as it steadily reduces dependence on drugs, since the stake is on internal reserves.
5. Eliminates social dependency and, in practice, substantiates the necessity and uniqueness of personal responsibility for one's state of health, since everyone has such an instrument of self-defense - a stress-retarding mechanism.
6. Shows the undeniable advantage of a collective approach to health, since the effect depends on coordinated action and the number of participants in simultaneous training.
7. Emphasizes the moral factor and the quality of thinking, since the achievement of a result directly depends on the strength of a comfortable state that is incompatible with the psychology of isolation and hostility. Thus, the gap between education and upbringing is eliminated.
8. Directly proves that morality and physiology are inseparable from each other, as they are connected by a common concept of process stability, and as a result - an increase in overall viability.
9. Emphasizing the ability to feel and control one's state of comfortable perception allows one to avoid a crisis situation by increasing discomfort.
The program allows you to consistently solve the problems of physical and moral education of students throughout all the years of study, forming their holistic approach to physical culture as a psychophysical basis for educating morality, identifying higher possibilities, moral nature, namely:
Education of goodwill, tolerance, the ability to disinterestedly follow the principles of the common good, the desire for self-improvement in all spheres of life;
Formation of the idea of their moral and physical health as a personal and common asset;
Acquisition of knowledge about the higher possibilities inherent in a person by nature, manifested in following the norms of ethics and morality, forming his mental and physical health;
Formation of the skill of smooth continuous movement and its application in various forms motor activity, the ability to create imaginary pictures (mental images) of nature, a feeling of pleasure, comfort from the movement performed;
Strengthening health, physical development, increasing the efficiency of students;
Acquisition of knowledge in the field of hygiene and medicine, the necessary concepts and theoretical information on physical culture in the context of the approach proposed by the APG;
Development of basic motor qualities.
The originality of this program lies in the fact that it lacks traditional standards, and the material is given by class groups. This is due to the fact that the teacher faces new tasks: to teach students the skills of smooth continuous movement, comfortable perception of physical and mental stress and, on the basis of this, help students to master traditional forms movements.
The material of the program is given in three sections: "Fundamentals of knowledge", "Elements of APG", "Motor skills".
The section "Fundamentals of Knowledge" presents material that contributes to the expansion of students' knowledge about the highest human capabilities inherent in him by nature, about the need for clear moral guidelines, about physical culture as an integral part of general culture, about the moral and physical health of a person, about the concept of a holistic approach to health, about the human body, hygiene requirements.
The knowledge structure contains the following blocks:
1. Fundamentals of APG.
2. Person-oriented knowledge related to self-improvement, self-education, self-development.
3. Knowledge related to the ethics of behavior and communication in a team.
4. Knowledge necessary for the implementation of physical culture and sports activities in a team for proper interaction with members of a class, group, etc.
5. Knowledge necessary for the application of the basics of physical culture in human life.
The material of the theoretical part is given in the context of the basics of the APG, taking into account the age characteristics of students. The communication of knowledge can be organized in the form of conversations (group or individual) before, after and in the process of performing the movement, and at the same time strive to ensure that the assimilation of ideas, leading positions, principles, information, rules and facts is based on the sensations that arise individually among those involved, the physical and mental state muscle tension needed to solve the learning problem.
Classes should be structured in such a way that students themselves find the necessary solutions, make the necessary conclusions. To do this, the teacher must be able to correctly pose leading questions or tell in such a way that students themselves draw the main conclusions, based on their experience, knowledge and understanding of the topic. At the same time, students' attention should be focused on their individual characteristics and capabilities, methods, ways to achieve the task, helping the manifestation of creative abilities, convincing them of the value of using the acquired knowledge. This approach activates the process of self-knowledge and management of one's activities.
The section "Elements of APG" presents material on anti-stress plastic gymnastics. The main part in the APG is the introductory part (warm-up), joint massage and running. A gradual increase in the volume of material and its expansion by class groups is envisaged. Sections are sequentially introduced: movement technique, stretching exercises, dance steps.
When building a lesson, it is advisable to use the APG exercises (introductory section) at the beginning and end of the lesson. At the beginning - in order to set up the process physical movement on smoothness, continuity, calmness, thereby facilitating the assimilation of further material in the lesson. At the end of the lesson - remove the accumulated tension, fatigue, calm down. In the main part of the lesson, exercises are used more to teach motor skills and abilities, to develop physical qualities. However, the exercises of some sections of the APG (articular massage, running) can also be included in the main part.
The use of exercises of the APG complex helps students to form a state of calm, the skill of evenly distributing physical and mental stress, to feel the beauty and naturalness of movement. The transfer of the skill of smooth continuous movement to other forms of physical activity is carried out by controlling the state of comfort, pleasure from movement, formed during the implementation of the APG exercise complex.
APG exercises are distinguished by expressiveness, harmony, smoothness and unity of movements, which is facilitated by the in-line method of their implementation without jerks at a more or less slow pace, depending on the specific structure of the exercises and on the contingent of students. The individual elements of the exercises are simple, natural and found in Everyday life person. But linking them into a single motor act in a certain sequence is a significant coordination complexity and depends on the degree of unity of the movement. Learning to combine elements based on improvisation and fantasy is one of the goals of anti-stress plastic gymnastics.
Successful mastery of the APG method requires the acquisition of figurative thinking skills. Thinking in images is the basis for advancement in the APG and the growth of interest in cognitive activity. In APG, natural mental images are used - pictures of nature that promote relaxation, a feeling of comfort, inner balance.
Before using the elements of APG, students are given a brief conversation about the basics of APG, during which they get the opportunity to tune in to the perception of movement as a source of relaxation, calm, mental unloading, and comfort. The teacher prepares students for the fact that all movements will be unhurried, calm in nature in the absence of special physical stress. The calm, even voice of the teacher emphasizes the leisurely nature of the exercises, soothes and helps relieve internal tension.
At the same time, the conditions of synchronism and general unity in the performance of exercises by all students during the lesson, along with the need to monitor the quality of their movements, impose special requirements on discipline in the classroom, such as the inadmissibility of sudden movements, the preservation of the accepted construction, silence, etc. The teacher explains to students the naturalness of such self-restraints as the only way to achieve an overall synchrony of collective movement, making it easier for each student to master the skills of smooth movement.
The benevolent attitude of the teacher should not preclude decisiveness in actions to maintain discipline. Only a combination of these qualities will create the necessary atmosphere in the APG classes.
Using the APG complex in the classroom, the teacher plays the role of coordinator of the students' joint efforts aimed at creating an atmosphere of goodwill, calmness and at the same time strict discipline, within which consistency and synchronism of the collective movement are ensured.
The loads associated with the need to coordinate the efforts of the entire group, the continuity of monitoring the quality of performance and the degree of coordination of movements provide for the active participation of the teacher in conducting APG classes with the simultaneous implementation of the demonstration and explanation method. This requires from the teacher not so much physical as neuropsychic stress, which increases with the growth of the number of students.
It is good to use music in the classroom. For warm-up, movement and joint massage, it is better to use background music that does not attract attention, given its effect on the psycho-emotional sphere. For slow dance steps, it is better to choose calm, rhythmic music that promotes deeper relaxation. Accelerated dance steps and running are carried out to music with a clear defined rhythm.
APG exercises are recommended to be done without shoes, in socks, if not medical contraindications. The room where the lesson is held using APG elements must be ventilated and isolated from external noise. In the warm season, it is desirable to conduct classes outside.
The APG complex consists of four sections: an introductory section (warm-up), movement technique, joint massage and stretching exercises, and a final section.
The introductory section is aimed at familiarizing and mastering the relaxation mode and the skills of a smooth continuous movement performed at a slow pace, developing the ability to imagine and hold pictures of nature in the imagination, forming and consolidating a sense of comfort, using the effects of synchronous collective movement and morning "pulls" (sipping in shoulder girdle, which is used as a standard of comfort perception of physical stress).
Warm-up exercises are performed in such a way that there are no pauses, stops between them, one exercise "overflows" into another. A slow pace is used, which allows you to feel and gradually smooth out all the roughness and jerky nature of the movement process. Breathing is arbitrary. The construction of the face in a circle (round dance) is used. The teacher performs the exercises simultaneously with the students, being in the center of the circle.
When performing a set of APG exercises, two main positions are used:
§ Position 1. Feet shoulder width apart. The toes are turned slightly inward. The knees are slightly bent. Move the weight onto the toes, pushing the hips forward. Do not take your feet off the floor. The back is straight. Arms and shoulders are down.
§ Position 2. From position 1, transfer the weight to the left leg slightly bent at the knee. Turn the body to the right. Rotate at the same time right leg on the heel, straightening it at the knee. The left foot remains motionless. Arms and shoulders are down.
Similarly, a position is taken with the weight shifted to the right foot. In both positions, the heels only lightly touch the floor.
The section "Technique of movements" is aimed at further mastering the smoothness, continuity of movement when performing complex coordination movements in the relaxation mode, maintaining a stable balance, developing the ability to create and hold pictures of nature in the imagination, the ability to form and consolidate a sense of comfort under the condition of synchronous collective movement.
Movements are carried out in motion in a circle one after another, without disturbing the construction in a circle. The teacher moves in sync with the students around the center inside the circle. Slow tempo is used. Exercises are performed in the same way as in the warm-up - smoothly, softly, continuously.
The section "Articular massage and stretching exercises" is aimed at mastering the technique of painless self-massage of large and small joints based on the desire to achieve maximum relaxation of the articular-ligamentous apparatus.
On the basis of the achieved relaxation, painless joint massage and stretching exercises are performed. Where possible, the massaging movement is preceded by a preliminary tension in the shoulder girdle, followed by relaxation (morning "pulls"), which causes a feeling of relaxation and pleasure. A soft rhythmic swaying of the body is also used in time with the movement being performed. The criterion for the possibility of increasing the load is the desire to increase it. At the same time, it is necessary to strive to ensure that there are no signs of discomfort and fatigue, paying special attention to the gradual increase in load. You should look for the most comfortable starting position for the exercise, trying to get comfortable in the starting position.
Articular massage exercises are performed at a slow pace. Each student carefully listens to his feelings and performs the exercises exactly as far as the joints and body capabilities allow, in no case allowing manifestation, let alone strengthening pain. Movements should be soft, gentle, careful, "as if stroking the joints from the inside." Breathing is arbitrary. During the maximum load, an elongated exhalation is made, the purpose of which is deeper relaxation. The exercises in this section are performed while sitting on the floor.
The final section (running and dance steps) is aimed at mastering and consolidating the skills of relaxation, fluidity, balance and, on this basis, achieving stability in various modes of movement and a natural increase in the speed of movement (as a result of increasing the efficiency of the movement process and the tone of the nervous system). Slow dance steps are used as a way to release tension. Performed to slow, calm music. Accelerated dance steps can be classified as running in place or as a transition to running. Performed to music with a clear defined rhythm. Running is a natural continuation of the movement technique, performed in a different speed mode - the average between walking and regular jogging. All the principles and requirements for the technique of movement are preserved for running.
Anti-stress plastic gymnastics is especially recommended for chronic stressful conditions, neurosis (including climacteric), emotional instability, neurasthenia, vegetative-vascular dystonia (by hypertonic and hypotonic type), osteochondrosis (in the absence of radicular phenomena), osteoarticular pathology, moderate myopia degree.
Temporary contraindications to APG classes:
§ all diseases in the acute period or in the acute stage;
§ infectious diseases;
§ inflammatory diseases of any localization;
§ heart failure above I degree;
§ complex heart rhythm disturbances (atrial fibrillation);
§ condition after a myocardial infarction (with the permission of a constantly monitoring doctor);
§ pulmonary and cardiopulmonary insufficiency;
§ thrombophlebitis, severe varicose veins lower extremities with impaired local circulation.
The beneficial effect of plastic gymnastics is provided by the following factors:
a) minimizing the damaging effects of chronic stress, achieved through self-regulation;
b) the relaxing effect of specific exercises of plastic gymnastics, which contribute to an increase in the sensitivity of stress-inhibiting and a decrease in the sensitivity of stress-realizing mechanisms;
c) slowing down the passage of signals emanating from hormones.
3. Pilates - a safe set of exercises
Pilates is an amazing set of exercises created a hundred years ago by Joseph Pilates, suitable for the rehabilitation of the wounded on the battlefields, and for dancers.
Why is the Pilates exercise system so good?
It develops the flexibility and strength of certain muscle groups.
It is useful for patients who have suffered a spinal injury.
It makes the body more flexible and slim.
It prevents bedsores and pulmonary edema in bedridden patients.
It strengthens the body and soothes the spirit.
There are three types of Pilates workouts:
1. Workouts on the floor.
2. Training on the floor with special equipment.
3. Training on special simulators.
A few rules for Pilates classes:
・Choose comfortable clothing that does not restrict movement.
· Work out without running shoes (barefoot or in socks) so that the muscles of the feet and lower legs are fully involved in the work.
Do not eat at least 1 hour before training, it is difficult to exercise with a full stomach.
Breathe with your stomach: inhale - the stomach protrudes, exhale - retracts. Do not hold your breath - the freer it is, the better the metabolic processes in the body proceed.
· Be extremely focused. Concentrate, imagine the muscles that you develop, create an image of each exercise.
Do not rush, do the exercises as efficiently as possible. Carefully follow the correct movements.
· If you feel unwell, postpone your workout, and if you have chronic diseases, consult a doctor.
Before starting classes, do a little warm-up, which will help straighten your posture and restore the natural curve of the spine.
Stand up straight, put your hands on your waist. Take a few deep breaths in and out, then rise as high as you can on your toes. Get down on your feet and lift up only your toes. Repeat the exercise several times.
· Return to the starting position. While inhaling, draw in your stomach (to the maximum), hold your breath for 30-60 seconds and exhale. Then pull your stomach in half, relax it as you exhale, and again, as you inhale, pull it in by a third (the tension should be as if you are trying to fasten skinny jeans). Exhale. Remember these feelings.
In a standing position, push the pelvis as far forward as possible, then back. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times. Find the middle position and fix it.
Imagine that a rod passes through your entire body along the spine. And the crown of the head is tied to the ceiling with a thread. Stretch your spine up as much as possible and remember this feeling.
During the entire set of Pilates exercises, try to maintain these main provisions.
A set of exercises on the floor:
1. "Hundred". Lie on your back so that the entire spine touches the floor. Hands are freely lowered along the body, palms are on the floor. Slowly raise your knees to your chest and then straighten them up at a 90 degree angle to your body. Pull your chin to your chest, and then raise your shoulders so that straight arms are parallel to the floor. Pull the buttocks and stomach to the waist. Breathe slowly through your nose, inhaling and exhaling for 5 counts. At the same time, for each count, perform small but firm movements with straight arms up and down, as if it is necessary to hammer nails with your palms. When finished, completely relax the whole body. It is necessary to achieve in order to perform this exercise for 100 accounts.
2. "Paradise" for the spine. Lie on your stomach, stretch your arms above your head. Without raising your head and body up, use your hands to lower yourself onto your heels. (If there is discomfort or pain in the knees, place a pillow or rolled up towel between the buttocks and heels.) Back round, head down, arms straight forward, palms flat on the floor. Pull the buttocks to the heels to better stretch the lower back. Breathe slowly and deeply.
3. Stretching for the spine. Sit on the floor, straighten your back. Spread straight legs shoulder width apart. Extend your arms straight out in front of you at shoulder level. Pull the spine up, straighten chest. While inhaling, pull the stomach and buttocks to the lower back and slowly lower the body forward, rounding vertebra by vertebra, as if lying on a big ball. Exhale and stretch your arms and chest forward. On inspiration, return to the starting position. Make an exhale. Repeat three times. Then stretch the muscles of the back, leaning forward to the legs and clasping the feet with the palms.
4. Alternate bending knees. Lie down on your stomach. Raise the body and lean on bent arms. The elbows should be exactly under the shoulders. The hands are connected. Expand your chest. Look straight ahead. Bend the right leg and pull the heel towards the buttocks. 2 times even stronger pull the heel to the buttocks and lower the leg. Straighten your right leg. Do similar exercises left foot. All the time to pull the stomach and buttocks to the spine. Tighten the muscles of the buttocks all the time. Repeat the exercise 5 times.
5. “Twist your foot.” Lie on your back. Hands lie freely along the body. Pull the right knee to the chest, then straighten the right leg at a right angle to the body. Raise the stomach and buttocks to the lower back and slightly tighten the muscles of the buttocks. Tilt the right leg to the left across the body, then lower it in an arc down and to the right, and then lift it up. Describe such a circle in the air 5 times. Then, with the same foot, describe 5 times a circle in the other direction. Change legs and do the exercise with the left leg. Make sure that the legs, when moving, describe in the air a triangle with rounded tops or an oval, and at the same time they are always within the width of the shoulders.
Literature:
breathing anti-stress gymnastics Pilates
1. Dubrovsky V.I. Therapeutic physical culture: A textbook for university students. - M.: Vlados, 1998. - 608 p.
2. Kochetkova I.N. Strelnikova's paradoxical gymnastics. - M.: Sov.sport, 1989. - 32 p.
3. Polyakov S.D. In search of pedagogical innovation. - M.: Creative Pedagogy, 1993. - 66 p.
4. Physical culture program for students of grades I-XI. Anti-stress plastic gymnastics (APG) // Programs of educational institutions. Physical education students in grades 1-11 / Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation [recommended by the Main Directorate for the Development of General Secondary Education of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation]. - M.: Enlightenment, 1996.
5. Smolevsky V.M., Ivliev B.K. Non-traditional types of gymnastics. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 80 p.
6. Your Olympic textbook: Proc. allowance for educational institutions in Russia. 3rd ed., revised. and additional / V.S. Rodichenko and others; Russian Olympic Committee. - M.: Soviet Sport, 1999. - 160 p.
7. Theory and organization of adaptive physical culture: textbook. In 2 vols. Vol. 2: The content and methodology of adaptive physical culture and characteristics of its main types / Ed. prof. S.P. Evseev. - M.: Soviet sport, 2005. - 448 p.
8. Technologies of physical culture and sports activities in adaptive physical culture: a textbook / Authors and compilers O.E. Aksenova, S.P. Evseev / Ed. Prof. S.P. Evseev. - M.: Soviet sport, 2005. - 296 p.
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Modern Markets sporting goods, services and information are characterized by rapid development and increased competition. Tens and hundreds of thousands of manufacturers in the form of sports TV channels, radio stations, specialized websites, professional clubs, sports shops, sports facilities and fitness clubs are simultaneously engaged in a tense struggle for consumers, viewers, buyers and Internet users. The system of competitive relations also includes subjects of related business sectors - such as entertainment television, cinema, stage, circus, event tourism and other areas of leisure activities. Representatives of the beauty and health industry, the sanatorium and resort business, and the restaurant business seek to acquire and expand their market share.
Inside the huge mass of companies in the sports industry and related industries, there is a continuous movement: some enterprises improve their business positions, while others, on the contrary, worsen.
The central task of the management of every company or professional sports club is its successful work both in the short and long term, ensuring stable, profitable operations and maintaining an adequate level of its competitiveness. As economic practice shows, this difficult, complex task can be solved only taking into account the changes taking place in the external and internal environment of the company, by tracking and analyzing innovations introduced by competitors. Otherwise, the company expects stagnation, which gradually turns into a recession with a gradual deterioration in financial and sports results. And this applies to both individual market entities and entire industries or the sports industry.
For greater clarity, let us illustrate what has been said with the following example. Professional football clubs Russia has been isolated from the global football industry for a long time in terms of the exchange of players, coaches, methods of training and recovery of athletes. In the 1970s-1980s in the former Soviet, and then Russian football Legionnaires did not perform, foreign specialists did not work. Due to many economic and political reasons, the processes of exchange and transfer of experience were difficult, technical, technological, scientific changes were introduced in our country not in full or with a significant lag behind the best clubs in Europe and the world. As a result, club football in Russia fell behind, the quality of the game in professional football leagues. And this, in turn, could not but affect the performance of the national team of the country, which for the period 1990-2006. failed to show satisfactory results. Repeated attempts to solve this systemic problem by replacing head coaches invariably ended in another embarrassment and subsequent resignation. Finally, leaders domestic sports and the RFU, it became clear that such a complex problem cannot be solved in one fell swoop, what is needed here is a modern scientific approach, high-quality management, the study of best practices and its adaptation to the existing Russian realities.
Competition in sports and business is different in that people and organizations that rest on their laurels quickly lose their leading positions, move into the category of middle peasants, and then completely become outsiders. Their place is taken by new leaders, more energetic, pragmatic, purposeful. If we look at this process more closely, we will see certain patterns in it.
The first of them is that forward movement can occur in sports due to a limited set of factors (see Fig. 1). Among them:
· The natural talent of the individual;
Disclosure and release of body reserves (including due to various stimulants and doping);
· New methods of preparation, training, team and individual tactics;
New fitness equipment, clothing, shoes, equipment.
To achieve world-class results, athletes, coaches and sports organizations are trying to fully use the resources of each direction.
IN professional sports great importance is attached to the search and disclosure of the talents of athletes. Competitors of all levels are carefully screened; the most capable and gifted are taken into account by specialists and invited to more elite schools and clubs. Of the thousands of promising athletes, world-class results are usually achieved by a few dozen in any sport in a single country. The competition for the right to play in the main team at the World Championships, Europe or the Olympics is extremely high. Those athletes win here, whose natural talent is multiplied by persistent daily training.
However, abilities and talents alone, even the most outstanding ones, are not enough to defeat a strong opponent. Here we need the best training methods, equipment, sports equipment. An analysis of all information on the best achievements is also required. elite athletes, about new scientific developments in the field of sports medicine, physiology, biomechanics, pharmacology, psychology, management. In other words, to achieve the highest sports results, it is required:
1. to carry out a continuous search for new ways and methods that give the maximum result on their own;
2. keep a close eye on competing teams and athletes who, in some way, manage to break away from other athletes.
Thus, we note the second pattern in the process of increasing competitiveness - the constant search for innovations, the development of one's own or the development of other people's innovations, which give some increase in sports results.
Take, for example, biathletes or skiers. It would seem that simple sports that do not require significant technical and technological innovations. However, this is the superficial view of an uninitiated observer. In fact, over the past 20-25 years, the design and material of skis, bindings, boots, overalls for athletes have undergone significant changes. In the arsenal of modern skiers and servicemen there is a huge selection of tools for changing the glide and stiffness of skis, taking into account changes in snow and air temperature. And this, not to mention the mobile communication of athletes with coaches, software products that allow you to optimize the distribution of forces over the distance.
It is known that the best biathlete of recent years, Norwegian O.E. Bjoerndalen brings 25-30 pairs of skis with him to the competition (each of which weighs less than 1 kg), selecting a specific pair for the desired temperature and weather conditions. Keeping his methods and methods of training a secret from his rivals, Bjoerndalen wins victories in competitions of his own with enviable constancy. high level, including the Olympics and the World Cup.
The method of mastering the best practices of other athletes and sports organizations is called benchmarking. The essence of benchmarking is that a sports club, trade or industrial company studies the activities of sports industry leaders, comparing their work with their business model, and, if possible, adopting best practices for internal use.
When analyzing the best practices and innovations of the sports market leaders, questions such as:
How adequate are the methods of physical, tactical and psychological preparation athletes for competitions;
· What are the strengths and weaknesses of our organization compared to those who have achieved a leading position;
· What is the marketing policy of competitors and what innovations do they use;
What methods of motivation and management are used in the best sports organizations in the world;
· How different is the level of remuneration in our club and leading clubs;
Is the number of staff in the organization optimal?
· What is the ratio of income and expenses from various activities;
How does the level of costs differ and what is the ratio of "costs - results" for different types activities.
Answers to the questions posed serve as the basis for adjusting sports and commercial work professional club or sports organization. If necessary, personnel changes are made, methods of interaction with consumers are improved, business processes are optimized.
It should be noted that the implementation of benchmarking by sports clubs and organizations in practice is associated with certain difficulties. The quintessence of benchmarking is the borrowing and use of someone else's experience in their activities. However, many of the issues of interest to competitors are not disclosed by leaders, since confidentiality is the basis for maintaining leadership. Disclosing your commercial secret in the field of physical and psychological training of athletes, transfer policy, ways of interacting with fans and partners is fraught with the loss of the achieved position.
The use of only that part of the information that is open does not allow catching up clubs and organizations to completely "add up the mosaic" of the leader's commercial success, leaving the most significant components out of sight.
The inaccessibility of the necessary information often pushes competitors to unethical and illegal actions related to secret video recording, wiretapping, bribing technical personnel and other unseemly actions. In connection with this circumstance, benchmarking is sometimes called competitive intelligence or even espionage, which is actually not true.
