The birthplace of futsal or futsal is Brazil, on the famous beaches of which, in the 20s of the last century, a new game, which quickly crossed the borders and gained popularity in most countries of South America.
In 1930, the first rules of the game were developed, and in the 50s, national federations began to emerge, which in 1960 united the confederation of South American countries. On its basis, in 1971, the International Indoor Football Federation (FIFUSA) arose.
In 1982, FIFUSA held the first Futsal World Cup. The game began to spread in Europe, although the rules of the game were somewhat different from the rules established in South American countries. The game differed not only in the rules, in the requirements for goals scored from outside the penalty area, in contact wrestling, in replacing players, but also in the size and weight of the ball. However, thanks to the same roots, there were many similarities between sports disciplines. Combat games were held on the same size grounds, in general, corresponding to handball. Gates are also borrowed from the "handball". There is also a rule adapted from basketball: if the players of the team together committed more than five violations of the rules, each subsequent one is punished with a penalty kick. Game time is limited to two halves of twenty minutes.
The growing popularity of "small football" attracted the International Federation of Football Associations FIFA, which took under the auspices of the type of "small football", which was guided by the European version of the rules. This game is called futsal.
In 1989, FIFA held the first futsal world championship, the winner of which was ... Brazil. Thus, two competing federations appeared, one of which “played! According to the new FIFA rules, and the other - according to the old ones, from FIFUSA.
In a situation of rivalry between closely related sports, the one that had more financial resources began to win, i.e. mighty FIFA. Naturally, a number of Brazilian futsal players preferred to switch to more promising futsal. The way out of the created situation, i.e. the existence of two parallel organizations could be the entry of FIFUSA into the ranks of FIFA as a collective member. To facilitate integration, FIFA is gradually reforming the rules of futsal, moving closer to futsal. To emphasize the unity of the two games, FIFA renamed futsal to futsal. So now futsal does not exist - there is futsal according to FIFA rules and futsal according to FIFUS rules.
Futsal and futsal in Russia
Already in 1959, i.e. a year after entering Europe, futsal began to be cultivated in Latvia, which was then part of the USSR. Then amateurs in Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Lithuania and Georgia began to get involved in it. In 1972 Dynamo Kiev took part in a mini-football tournament organized in Austria. After that, it was decided to use mini-football tournaments as stages of pre-season training for teams major league. Soon futsal was officially recognized: a futsal committee was established within the structure of the USSR Football Federation and the first national championship was held.
After the collapse of the USSR, the Futsal Association of Russia (AMFR), which is part of FIFA, took up the development of futsal. Even earlier, in 1991, the Futsal Federation of Russia arose, which became a member of FIFUSA. The two organizations practically did not intersect with each other in their activities. Each held the Russian Championship in its own way, and each achieved success in the international arena. The Russian national teams, both futsal and futsal, won the European Championships, Russia also has trophies at the youth and women's levels.
Futsal ball size
Historically, in Russia they play a futsal (formerly called mini-futsal) size 4 ball. The weight of these balls is 400-440 g, the circumference is 62-64 cm. At the same time, Select designated such balls as size 3 balls, because objectively they do not fit the FIFA criteria for a size 4 ball, namely, the diameter of the circle must be 63.5–66 cm. called 4. For all models of futsal (mini-football) balls of the design of 2008, the size will be indicated in cm, i.e. the circumference will be indicated.
The Select range also includes the Indoor Five model specifically for the classic futsal, weighing 330-360 g and with a circumference of 64-66 cm, those. Slightly larger and lighter than the traditional Russian size 4 ball. The Indoor Five was developed specifically for indoors, for playing on hard surfaces in cooperation with the federations of the Scandinavian countries. Select refers to his Indoor Five size as 4, but for "our" futsal, it's a size 4.5. Despite the parameters differing from those traditional for Russia, the ball is very popular with buyers.
IN early XIX century, the inhabitants of England, who are directly the ancestors of football, adopted a certain standard of balls that are used to play football. It was developed by the English Football Association. What are the characteristics of the ball? Its standard length is 67-71 cm, weight varies from 368 to 425 grams. Surprisingly, the parameters of the circumference have been preserved to the present, but the weight characteristic has undergone changes. The mass of the ball has increased significantly since 1937: by standards from 410 to 425 grams, and since then it has not changed.
In the old days, people also played games similar to the football of our time. The skull of a person or animal then acted as a ball. It was pre-fitted with leather or the bladders of various large animals, such as cows or pigs, were used.
Since the 1970s, balls of the same brand, Adidas, have been increasingly used to play at the World Cup. Interestingly, by the beginning of any world football championship, Adidas was improving and creating a new appearance their balls.
Territorially a large number of balls are produced in Pakistan. At the same time, the main production is concentrated in one city - Sialkot.
Unusual is the fact that the balls for official games at the World Cup get their unique name. Moreover, this name was not taken from nowhere, it correlates with the life and features of the country where the Championship is held. For example, for a football forum held in Mexico in the 80s of the 20th century, sports company Adidas developed the ball, which received the name "Azteca". On the black parts of this ball, there are patterns of the well-known Aztecs. And in Italy, at a World Cup match held in the 90s, the players played with the ball, which was called "EtruscoUnico", which translates as "Etruscan Lions". In addition to the images of the heads of those Etruscan lions, they contained a mention of the people of antiquity - the Etruscans, who at one time were located on the territory of Italy.
In addition to mass and circumference soccer ball, the rules of the game, which have already been approved, also determine what the ball is made of, its atmospheric pressure, color and even, oddly enough, its shape.
A survey was conducted among football players, and, in their opinion, the best choice there will be a purchase of UMBRO brand footballs for playing football. The same opinion is held famous football players, world game stars and even FIFA experts.
Let's talk about what soccer balls are.
In 1855, the first soccer ball was produced. Its creator was Charles Goodyear. At that time, rubber served as its material. The use of rubber as a material significantly strengthened the ball and increased the rebound characteristics. In the early 1960s, all-synthetic material began to be used to make balls. Then there were balls made of leather shell, but in the late 80s they were replaced by balls made of synthetics. This is due to lower cost, greater softness of the soccer ball and moisture resistant characteristics. Now balls are made from genuine leather or other materials that are suitable for certain parameters.
According to geometric features, balls come in sizes:
- 1st. They have 32 parts. The length of their roundness is not more than 43 cm.
- 2nd. It consists of 26 or 32 parts. The length of its roundness is 56 cm, and the mass is not more than 283 grams.
- 3rd. It consists of 32 parts, weight - no more than 340 grams, and the length of the roundness is no more than 61 cm.
- 4th. It is this size that is the standard for futsal competitions. The weight of the ball varies from 369 to 425 g, and the length of the roundness is from 63.5 to 66 cm.
- 5th. These balls are used in all FIFA World Cups. The length of their circumference varies from 68 to 70 cm, and their weight is no more than 450 g.
According to the international standard, the characteristics of the ball are as follows:
- the ball is made of leather or similar material suitable for playing football;
- the length of the roundness of the ball is standard - from 68 to 70 cm;
- the mass of the ball has also not changed in recent decades and varies from 410 to 450 g;
- during the game, the pressure of the ball must be at least 0.6 atmospheres and not more than 1.1 atmospheres;
- according to the standards, the ball participating in the championship must be 5 sizes.
The FIFA rules, which apply to all football, spell out strict oversight of quality control. In this system, it is established that all balls used under the FIFA mark and participating in competitions must be marked with special signs “FIFA INSPECTED” or “FIFA APPROVED”. In order for the ball to earn such a quality mark, balls from brands such as UMBRO, Adidas, etc., are subjected to many tests. These tests consist of checking the weight of the ball, checking the length of its roundness, moisture resistance, controlling the ball's rebound and its ability to hold pressure.
A soccer ball is also needed for holding training sessions, and for match meetings at the professional and amateur level. For a spectacular and effective game of football, you need not just a round projectile - only Sports Equipment brand manufacturers will allow both players and fans to enjoy the game. The online store site has a rich selection of balls for professional players and for those who are just learning the basics of football. These are models for playing on artificial and synthetic turf, on the ground, on hard indoor surfaces. Equipment from Nike, Adidas, Puma, Select, Uhlsport will last more than one season in various weather conditions and with intense play.
When choosing and purchasing a soccer ball, pay attention to a number of criteria:
coverage - natural or artificial lawn, soil, gym;
size - children's football (3-4 size), futsal (4 size) and balls for big football(5 size);
Tire material - polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, genuine leather;
type of stitching - thermal stitching (the chamber frame and panels are glued in a special form at high temperatures), manual and machine stitching with nylon thread.
Professional soccer balls used in official competitions under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA receive special licenses based on the results of quality tests:
· FIFA Approved: tests for weight, circumference and sphericity, as well as for moisture absorption, rebound, pressure loss and spherical shape retention after 2000 impacts of a certain force;
· FIFA Inspected or IMS: same tests except for 2000 shots.
The models presented in the online store correspond to international standards and are designed for matches of the most high level.
Brands - manufacturers
The legendary footballs from Adidas should rightfully be put in the first place:
· professional models are certified by the famous football association;
models belong to the middle and high price category;
· Adidas professional soccer balls are used at all major world competitions;
most professional teams football leagues and national football teams use this equipment;
Manufacturing technologies are constantly being improved: new forms of panels are being developed, aerodynamic characteristics are improving, an innovative method called thermal stitching is used in the latest models.
The American concern Nike is a bright competitor to Adidas products: thanks to the use modern technologies and product quality, the company managed to get the status of an official supplier of equipment for games professional teams- Nike soccer balls are found in top-level competitions.
Select is not yet such a popular brand, however, soccer balls from this manufacturer, designed for amateurs and professionals, show themselves only with better side. Thanks to the top level of quality and reliability, they are used in games in Russian First division and other official match meetings.
Buy balls at a bargain price
You can buy soccer balls from 320 rubles, of various sizes and characteristics in the online store site: gaming, training, souvenir and high-tech - any model presented in the category corresponds to the description of the manufacturer. Play football, score bright goals and win, and the inventory bought here will help with this!
Many people who are far from football may think that it always has the same size. However, this is far from the case, and if you think so, then you are missing out on many aspects of such as a soccer ball. Its dimensions can vary greatly depending on, for example, for what purposes this projectile serves. There are five sizes in total that do not have any special name, so they are all simply numbered - from first to fifth. So, it's time to find out what size a soccer ball can be. Dimensions can be very important for those people who want to play this sport professionally. If you play football exclusively in the yard with friends, then physical indicators the ball is unlikely to play a particularly important role for you.
First size
What can be such a projectile as a soccer ball? Dimensions start from the first, and the first ball is considered to be the one that has a circumference of 43 centimeters. This is the so-called advertising ball, which is never used for the game. It is created exclusively for advertising and exhibition purposes, so a large number of different logos are always printed on it. People who are a little familiar with this field of activity may at first think that such a ball cannot be played. But in fact, it turns out that it is made from all the same materials as a regular game projectile. The only difference is the smaller size and weight. Accordingly, if you wish, you can safely play football using this soccer ball. Dimensions, of course, do not stop at one - there are four more different types of balls ahead of you.
Second size
If you are wondering what size soccer ball is used in official matches, then you will not get an answer to it yet. The fact is that the second size is also often used for advertising purposes, but not as often as the first. The main purpose of these balls is training, especially for beginner football players, that is, young children. a ball of the second size does not exceed 56 centimeters, and its mass is much less than the mass of a full-fledged ball - about 280 grams. Professional footballers can also work with such projectiles - but they use them mainly to improve the technique and level of possession of the ball, which is achieved due to its lightness. As you may have noticed, not everyone immediately understands how it is calculated in the official data, it is far from indicated in the first place - it is traditionally customary to consider the circumference, so it is indicated specifically, as well as the weight of the ball. These are the two main characteristics that determine the size of the projectile.
Third size
This size is also used mainly for training young children, since its dimensions are also small - only 61 centimeters in circumference and 340 grams in weight. Naturally, this is more than the second size, but still not so much to be considered a full-fledged gaming projectile. But of all three sizes, this one is the closest to a full-fledged ball.
Fourth size
This size stands out from the rest, because these balls are designed for futsal. The size of a mini soccer ball is different from that used for a big game. Its circumference does not exceed 64 centimeters, and its weight is 440 grams. But at the same time, in this case, there are already restrictions on the back of the scale - that is, the ball must be at least 62 centimeters in circumference and at least 400 grams in weight. In balls of such a high level, other indicators are already being checked, such as the pressure inside the projectile. Moreover, a number of experiments are being carried out to check the quality - for example, if the ball falls from a height of two meters, then its rebound should not exceed 65 centimeters, but it should not be less than fifty centimeters. In general, everything becomes much more strict and clear.
Fifth size
Well, the last size, as you might have guessed, is the balls that are used in all official professional football competitions. Such a ball weighs about 450 grams and has a circumference of 68 to 70 centimeters. It should be noted right away that balls corresponding to this size are the most popular, common and in demand. This is indicated by statistics, thanks to which you can find out that every year more balls of the fifth size are produced than balls of four sizes combined. Therefore, most likely, in your head you associate a soccer ball with a size five projectile, even when you do not suspect that there are more than one size. But now you are aware that the sizes of the balls can be different, in accordance with them, the projectiles are used for different purposes. And each dimension is important in its own way.
The weight of a soccer ball at the start of the match is no more than 450 grams, by the end of the game, the ball weighs at least 410 grams. Soccer ball weight standards were established in 1937, previously allowed ball weights ranged from 368 to 425 grams. Other parameters of a soccer ball include its shape: it must be round, with a circumference of 68.6 to 71.7 cm.
There are several sizes of soccer ball.
| Purpose of the ball | Options |
| Size 1 | |
| Used for promotional products, logo placement, stitched from 32 elements (12 pentagons and 20 hexagons) | Circumference no more than 43 cm |
| Size 2 | |
| Designed for teaching children from 4 years old to play football from 4 years old, well suited for training in practicing ball possession techniques | Circumference no more than 56cm, weight no more than 283.5 grams |
| Size 3 | |
| Designed for training children from 8 years old, made of synthetic materials and PVC, consist of 32 panels | Circumference no more than 61 cm. weight no more than 340 grams |
| Size 4 | |
| Used to play futsal | Circumference 63.5-66cm, weight: 369-425 grams, 350-390 grams, 310-330 grams, 400-440 grams futsal ball weight |
| Size 5 | |
| Designed for playing in official football games held under the auspices of FIFA, for participants over 12 years old. In terms of the number of balls produced, this type bypasses all other sizes combined. | Circumference 68-70cm |
Soccer ball - "long-liver". At the initial stage of the emergence of football, it was made from the bladder of animals.
Such equipment did not differ in durability and was often torn during a duel on the field. 1838 - was the year of the invention of vulcanized rubber and the date of the appearance of the first ball made of rubber. Thanks to this discovery, soccer balls began to be mass-produced, under production conditions.
The weight of a soccer ball at the start of a match is no more than 450 grams.
The ball consists of several elements: a tire, a lining and an inner tube. Initially, the tire was made of genuine leather, tires modern balls are made using synthetic materials, since genuine leather tends to absorb moisture and "weight" the ball. The main materials used for the manufacture of tires are polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
The lining is the inner layer between the lid and the chamber. This element is an important quality component of the ball. The bounce of the ball and its shape depend on what material was used in the manufacture.
The ball chamber is made of butyl, latex or polyurethane. The latex bladder retains air for a shorter time, but is softer and more elastic than the butyl bladder.
How much does a basketball weigh?
Basketball (from English basket - basket, ball - ball), popular view sport that has a large number of fans in the world. This game uses a ball that has a recognizable shape and color. The spherical orange ball is often found on sports symbols and is difficult to confuse with other types of sports balls.
The weight of a basketball depends on its size:
| Circumference, mm | Weight, g |
| Size 3 | |
| 560-580 | 300-330 |
| Size 5 | |
| 690-710 | 470-500 |
| Size 6 | |
| 720-740 | 500-540 |
| Size 7 | |
| 750-780 | 567-650 |
The largest and heaviest ball is officially used in men's team competitions. The weight of a women's basketball is less than the weight of a man's and is 500-540 grams.
The ball consists of eight panels, the borders of which are marked with a black stripe. Distinctive feature basketball is its surface, which is covered with points that facilitate the capture of a sports equipment by an athlete. In total, there are from 10 to 35 thousand, depending on the model of the ball.
How much does a volleyball weigh?
Volleyball is the easiest famous balls used on sports competitions. Its circumference is 65-67 cm; weight - 260-280 g. An important parameter for a volleyball ball is the internal pressure, it is 0.300 - 0.325 kg / cm 2 (294.3-318.82 hPa). For volleyballs used in beach volleyball, it is slightly lower.
The surface of the sports equipment can be white or colored, this parameter is not regulated. It consists of six panels, each of which has three rows or sections. The birthplace of volleyball is the USA. The creators of the game have included interesting elements from tennis, handball, basketball and baseball in this sport. The official year of the appearance of volleyball is 1895.
The volleyball originally used a basketball camera. Throughout its history, the volleyball has undergone a fundamental transformation: first it decreased in size, then a winding and an outer coating appeared on the chamber, which was leather, all design changes were associated with a change in the appearance of the volleyball.
The final modernization of the ball was the release in 2008 of a projectile with smoother joints, which began to stick together rather than stitched together, which changed the aerodynamic performance of the ball for the better.
How much does a baseball weigh?
A baseball, unlike its "colleagues" football, volleyball and basketball balls, has a more modest size and weight. Ball girth from 22.9 to 23.5 cm, weight 142 grams. The design of the ball is multi-layered: it has a cork or rubber core wrapped with yarn and a leather top cover. To make one ball, one kilometer or more of yarn is required. During the Second World War, in order to save materials, the basis of the core of the baseball was golf balls. Modern equipment is made using synthetic and polymeric materials, but is considered to be of low quality and important competitions still use balls made from natural materials.
During one game, up to several dozen balls can be replaced, due to the appearance of chips and cracks on them, as well as in cases where the projectile was caught by a fan. In some cases, the players ask for the return of a thrown ball when a ball flight record has been set, in exchange for a trophy, the fan receives a souvenir, autographed by the player.
The replacement of balls was made mandatory after the death of a baseball player, due to a sports equipment hit in the head, due to the fact that the victim did not see a contaminated ball at dusk.
Baseball players are equipped with serious equipment that protects them from injury, because average speed a baseball thrown by a player can reach 95 miles per hour and equals the speed of a car on a freeway (about 153 km/h). The speed record and the limit of human physical capabilities is considered to be a ball flying at a speed of 105 miles per hour.
Precautions are required in any sports game, using football, basketball or volleyball balls. Despite the small weight of the ball, this sports equipment can develop considerable speed when thrown or struck. Therefore, when preparing for competitions, serious attention is paid to the safety of the participants in the games: equipment and protective equipment for athletes.
