Physical training female athletes in sports school in rhythmic gymnastics includes general and special physical training, special motor, functional and rehabilitation training.
General physical training (GP) is a complex process of comprehensive physical education aimed at strengthening the health, musculoskeletal system and developing the general endurance of gymnasts. This is physical training, carried out regardless of a specific type of activity.
With the help of general physical training, athletes master motor skills, abilities, physical, psychomotor, moral and volitional qualities that serve to solve the following tasks:
- general physical education and improvement of future gymnasts, who should be able to run well, jump, ski, master the basic elements sports games, i.e. be physically versatile athletes;
- expansion of functional, motor capabilities and strengthening of the musculoskeletal system of future gymnasts, taking into account the specifics of rhythmic gymnastics.
The means of physical fitness are: general developmental exercises, running, swimming, skiing, skating, cycling, sports and outdoor games.
Special physical training (SPT) is a specially organized process aimed at developing and improving physical qualities necessary for the successful development and high-quality performance of rhythmic gymnastics exercises.
7 basic physical abilities:
- coordination - the ability to expedient organization muscle activity and dexterity - the ability to master new movements and reorganize activities in accordance with the situation; for development, tasks, games, relay races are used, including complexly coordinated actions and exercises with objects;
- flexibility - mobility in the joints - the ability to perform movements in a large amplitude passively and actively, its development is facilitated by exercises to develop the mobility of various joints - spring stretching, swings, fixing postures, relaxation;
- strength - the ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it due to muscle efforts in static and dynamic movements, there are exercises for the strength of the muscles of the arms, legs, torso: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circular motions, running, jumping, lunges, squats;
- speed - the ability to quickly respond and perform movements with great speed and frequency, develops when performing exercises to develop reaction speed, speed and frequency of movements when performing basic exercises;
- jumping ability - speed-strength quality, manifested in the height of repulsion, its development is facilitated by exercises for the development of strength, speed and height of repulsion, as well as jumping endurance;
- balance - the ability to maintain a stable position in static and dynamic exercises, improves in the process of maintaining a stable position in complicated conditions: after dynamic movements, after stimulation of the vestibular analyzer, with vision turned off, on a reduced, increased support;
- endurance - the ability to resist fatigue, is developed in the process of performing various tasks against the background of fatigue.
Insufficient attention to the development of at least one of the components of the SFP leads to a delay in the learning process, a prolonged stagnation in growth sportsmanship, failures in preparation, and, accordingly, performances at competitions. In this regard, at the stage of specialized training, individualization of the SPP is important. It is important for a coach to know the peculiarities of the structure of the motor qualities of each gymnast, the characteristic shortcomings in her preparation, to know the main ways of their possible elimination. SFP is most effective when it is carried out in unity with OFP.
Special motor training is the process of developing the abilities necessary for the successful mastering and high-quality performance of exercises with objects.
These include the following psychomotor abilities:
- propriaceptive (tactile) sensitivity - “feeling of an object” - performing exercises with objects with varying their parameters: increase and decrease, weighting and lightening;
- coordination (coordination) of movements of the body and the object - performing exercises in unusual starting positions, simultaneously with several objects, asymmetric movements, movements in pairs, triplets;
- distribution of attention to the movement of the body and the object, to two objects, to oneself and partners, to “one’s own” object and objects of partners - work with double or two objects, parallel and asymmetric, work
- speed and adequacy of reaction to a moving object (object) - throws and throws to a given height and distance, catching from partners after a roll, rebound, throw, with a turn after the signal.
Functional training is the development of the ability to perform large volumes training loads at a high intensity of work and without reducing the quality, i.e. development of special endurance. Means of functional training are: - running, cross-country, swimming; 15-20 minute complexes of aerobics or rhythmic gymnastics; dances of any style for 15-20 minutes; jumping series with and without objects (especially valuable with a rope); double competitive combinations; a circle of competitive combinations with small rest intervals.
Rehabilitation and recovery training is an organized process of eliminating the adverse effects of enhanced training and accelerating recovery processes after stress. Particular attention in rhythmic gymnastics should be paid to rehabilitation and preventive measures for the musculoskeletal system (spine, ankle, knee and hip joints) and rehabilitation measures for nervous systems you are gymnasts.
From the Rhythmic Gymnastics Training Program of the Kirov Youth Sports School
Propaganda of rhythmic gymnastics in children's and youth physical culture and sports clubs, centers and associations at the place of residence, general education schools, educational institutions;
- improving the health of children and adolescents, involving them in regular classes physical culture and sports;
- strengthening sports ties with specialized rhythmic gymnastics centers Russian Federation;
- increasing the level of sportsmanship of gymnasts and gaining competitive experience.
- Dates and venue of the competition:
- Ensuring the safety of participants and spectators:
Physical culture and sports events are held at sports facilities that meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the Russian Federation and aimed at ensuring the order and safety of participants and spectators, as well as subject to the availability of acts of readiness of sports facilities for holding events approved in the prescribed manner.
Participation in these competitions is carried out only if there is a contract on life and health insurance against accidents, which is provided to the credentials committee for each participant in the competition.
- Competition organizers:
The general management of the organization and holding of the tournament is carried out by ANO "SK Alexandra Ermakova".
The direct conduct of the competition is entrusted to the main panel of judges.
Chief referee of the competition: Ermakova A.A.
- Competition program:
4-5 years:
1.fold
2.butterfly with forward tilt
3.frog
4. ring
5.knee bridge
6.bridge standing/off the floor
7.twine right, left
8.balance on the pass
9. somersault forward
10. turn on the pass
6-7 years:
1. standing bridge
2. roll onto the chest from the bridge
4. corners on the floor in 10 seconds.
6.balance arabesque
7.balance attitude
8.turn passe
9.rotate attitude
10. flip forward
12. jumping over a double folded rope in 15 seconds.
8-9 years:
1. standing bridge
2. roll onto the chest from the bridge
3. twine right, left from the bench
4. corners on the floor in 10 seconds.
5.balance with the leg to the side with the arm
7.balance attitude
8.rotate attitude
9.jump touching from a gallop
11. jumping rope in 20 seconds.
12.escape forward (3 attempts)
13. throw with a knot, catching on the neck in the wheel
14. turntable with hoop right and left hand
15. rotation on the right, left hand forward, rotation on the neck
16. hoop throw, forward somersault, catching sitting on the floor at the feet.
10-11 years old:
1. standing bridge
2. roll onto the chest from the bridge
3. twine right, left from the bench
4. corners on the floor in 10 seconds.
5.balance with the leg to the side with the arm
6.balance ring with hand
7.balance attitude
8.rotate attitude
9.jump touching from a gallop
10. jump touching with a push from two legs
11. turntable with hoop right and left hand
12. rotation on the right, left hand forward, rotation on the neck
13. hoop throw, forward somersault, catching in the wheel on the elbows
14. throwing a hoop with a plate, catching in the passage on a goat
15. rolling the ball over the back and back
16. three beats with the right and left hand
17. throwing the ball, catching in the legs while sitting on the floor
Show numbers are welcome!
The competition starts at 10:00 at the address: Mitino, Novotushinsky proezd, house 8, gymnasium 1538 (blue building). Starting fee 1500r. For all questions, please call 8-965-377-99-75 Ermakova Alexander.
- Definition of winners:
Winners and prize-winners are determined by the highest total points.
- Rewarding:
Gymnasts who take 1,2,3 places in each age group are awarded medals, diplomas and valuable prizes, gymnasts who take 4,5,6 places - diplomas and valuable prizes.
Specialist. prize for the team that scored the largest number points!!!
- Financial expenses:
The entry fee is 1500 rubles from each gymnast.
- Terms and conditions:
Expenses associated with the business trip of participants, judges, representatives are borne by the sending organizations.
Expenses related to the organization, holding of competitions and awarding the winners are carried out by ANO "SK Alexandra Ermakova".
- Applications:
Confirmations of participation are accepted until November 25, 2017.
Applications for competitions are accepted:
E-mail: [email protected] tel: +7 965 377 99 75 Ermakova Alexandra.
This Regulation is a challenge to the competition.
And if you manage to achieve the same, then toned body you are guaranteed.
| № | Exercise | Number of repetitions | Alternative | Number of repetitions |
| 1 | Rope | 1 | Push ups | 15-20 |
| 2 | rocking chairs | 30 | rocking chairs | 30 |
| 3 | swoops | 40 | swoops | 40 |
| 4 | Rope | 1 | Push ups | 15-20 |
| 5 | Spichak | 10 | corner | 10-30 sec. |
| 6 | Hanging leg raise | 10 | Lying leg raise | 20 |
| 7 | Pistols | 10 l. 10 p. | Pistols | 10 l. 10 p. |
| 8 | Spichak | 10 | corner | 10-30 sec. |
| 9 | Clap | 40 | Clap | 40 |
| 10 | Hanging leg raise | 10 | Lying leg raise | 20 |
| 11 | Full squat jumps | 25 | Full squat jumps | 25 |
| 12 | Books | 15 | Books | 15 |
| 13 | horizons | 10 | Rocking chairs on the stomach and sides | 30 each |
| 14 | Walking on a log in a corner | 2 | corner | 10-30 sec. |
| 15 | Gatherings | 15 | Raising the body lying on the stomach | 15 each |
You can print out these exercises, hang them in the most visible place and at every opportunity to do at least something from the list. Don't be discouraged if you can't do everything right away, most likely it will. But we must try to do at least as much as possible, and you will see that each time you get more and more. True, a rollback may occur in the second lesson if you work hard in the first, because. muscles are not used to such work. But do not worry, a little patience and you will definitely see progress. It is better to do 2-3 times a week so that the body has time to recover. Also, in case of severe malaise, it is better to stop training altogether and postpone until the next time. Listen to your body and it will tell you.
Before starting, you need to do a warm-up or just run. All exercises in the program are done in a row, without stops!!! All exercises should take no more than 30 minutes. In that main point! Thus, aerobic energy sources are connected and active fat burning occurs !!!
Comments on exercises.
- In the presence of a rope, lifting and descent on one hand. Legs in the corner. Approximately as in the famous cartoon "Just you wait", only legs apart. Unless, of course, this does not work out yet, then just an ascent and descent. If there is no rope, then we just do push-ups.
- Rocking chairs lying on your back. Hands are straight behind the head, gathered into the castle, legs are slightly raised. It turns out a figure resembling a "boat". Alternately we begin to raise upper part body, then legs. The count goes not for each time, but for one full cycle, that is, the body + legs.
- Attacks are performed on any hard surface, the higher, the more difficult. On the street, for example, on some concrete block, bench, etc. With both feet we push off the floor, jump to the surface, in the same way, we push off from the surface of the legs together, we land on the floor and immediately jump back up.
- Same as 1.
- Match is complicated gymnastic exercise. It is performed from an emphasis sitting (corner on straight arms) with access to a handstand. It may take a lot of time to learn it, so it is proposed to replace it simply by holding the corner on straight arms. It is more convenient to do, for example, on a chair.
- Raising the legs to wall bars or on the crossbar. Straight legs rise as high as possible, in the original this is done to the forehead (that is, the socks touch the crossbar or wall above the head). It is proposed to raise the legs at least to a right angle or, in the absence of a crossbar, lying on 2 shifted chairs so that the buttocks are on the very edge.
- Pistols are easier to do in the beginning by holding onto a chair or any other surface. Standing on one leg, the other is straight, slightly raised forward, we squat on the supporting leg and return to initial position. The second leg always remains in a hanging position, does not touch the floor.
- Same as 5.
- Emphasis lying, like push-ups. We push off with our hands in such a way as to have time to produce cotton and return to the starting position.
- Same as 6.
- We sit down in a full squat, push and jump out so that our legs come off the floor. Hands work from the bottom up.
- Books are performed from a supine position. At the same time, arms and legs rise, touching in the upper position.
- Rocking chairs on the stomach and sides are performed according to the principle as in paragraph 2 (on the back).
- Same as 5.
- Lying on the stomach, the legs are fixed (for example, under the sofa), we raise the body.
Movement is life. So move more and you will feel how much energy you will have. All in your hands!
Physical training of athletes, including young ones, is one of the urgent problems of modern theory and practice. sports training. With the improvement of technical readiness, both means of special physical training and gymnastic exercises of conjugated influence are used.
The successful implementation of the comprehensive physical education of young gymnasts largely depends on the skillful selection of means and methods of physical training over a number of years in an annual cycle.
Complete physical training includes general and special training between which there is a close relationship. This separation allows you to better build the pedagogical process, using various means and methods.
Special physical training is directly aimed at the development of physical qualities specific to this sport. The means of special physical training are: 1) competitive exercises, i.e. holistic actions that are performed in compliance with all requirements established for competitions; 2) special preparatory exercises
directly aimed at the development of physical qualities. These are exercises designed to develop muscle groups, bearing the main load when performing a holistic action. General physical training is aimed primarily at the general physical development gymnasts, i.e. the development of physical qualities, which, although not specific to this sport, are necessary from the point of view of a comprehensive increase in the functional capabilities of the body. General physical training enriches the athlete with a wide variety of skills. Despite the different specific manifestations of physical qualities, they all have common patterns of development, on the basis of which they manifest themselves in a particular sport. General physical training is aimed at the overall harmonious development of the whole organism, the development of all its muscles, strengthening the organs and systems of the body and increasing its functionality, improving the ability to coordinate movements, increasing speed, strength, endurance, agility, flexibility, correcting deficiencies in physique and posture in young athletes. The specific choice of means depends on the inclinations of those involved, the existing traditions of the sports team and the available opportunities. It should also be taken into account that an increase in the indicators of one of the physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, coordination capabilities) is impossible at a certain level of development of the others.
For young gymnasts, the means of general physical training will be walking, running, climbing, exercises to develop a sense of balance, general developmental exercises with and without objects, exercises with weights. A significant place in the program of their studies should be given to outdoor and sports games, various types athletics, swimming and diving.
General and special physical training should be presented in all types of the annual cycle - preparatory, competitive (basic) and transitional, but the ratio and tasks change.
In the first years of training, it is necessary to pay great attention to the general physical training of aphids; it contributes to the versatile development and increase in the functional capabilities of the body of young athletes. General physical training should be carried out throughout the year, varying in volume depending on the period of training. The authors of the programs emphasize that one of the most important conditions in training with young gymnasts is a combination of special and general physical training, because. Only under this condition can high sports results be achieved.
In many sports, the speed of movement must be maintained at the maximum level for some time. This requires special stamina. Numerous data showing that strength training is an important condition for the development of other motor qualities.
MUNICIPAL BUDGET INSTITUTION
PHYSICAL AND IMPROVING COMPLEX
"TORPEDO"
Approved by directorMBU FOC "TORPEDO"
Tikhomirov A.A.
"___" ________ 2016
Working programm
"OFP for groups in rhythmic gymnastics"
OFP coach Mordashova E.G.
Age of students: 6 -1 6 years
Implementation period: 1 year
Pavlovo
2016
Content
I. Explanatory note ………………………………………………………… 3
II. Educational thematic plan ………………………………………………….5
III. Program content …………………………………………………..... 7
IV. Methodological support educational program……………... 14
V. Literature…………………………………………………………………….. 17
Explanatory note
An additional general educational general development program of a physical culture and sports orientation (hereinafter referred to as the Program) is drawn up in accordance with the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012. No. 273 - FZ, by Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of August 29, 2013 No. No. 1008, by Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of September 12, 2013 No. No. 731, by Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of September 12, 2013 No. No. 730, Federal Standard sports training in the sport of rhythmic gymnastics (order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of February 05, 2013 No. 40), by Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2013 No. 1125. The work program is based on the main work program in rhythmic gymnastics, compiled by the coaching council of the SC "ASSOL" FEC "TORPEDO", Pavlovo.
The main directions of the program:
This curriculum is designed to help coaches - teachers working in sports health groups in rhythmic gymnastics, designed for age groups 6-16 years old. The duration of the program is 1 year. The program serves as the foundation for the effective construction of long-term training in recreational rhythmic gymnastics. It is quite variable and allows you to show individual creative abilities.
The purpose of the program: the creation of a single direction in the educational training process for the formation of the physical, choreographic, musical development of pupils in sports and recreation groups.
The main task of the educational and training process is to strengthen the health and harden the body of students, versatile physical training and development of special physical abilities necessary for mastering the elements of rhythmic gymnastics.
Program objectives:
Tutorials:
Mastering, consolidating and improving a variety of motor skills.
Mastering the basics of exercise technique without and with objects.
Developing:
Development of specific qualities, plasticity, danceability, musicality, expressiveness and creative activity.
Versatile general physical training and development of motor qualities: coordination abilities and agility, flexibility, strength, speed and balance.
Educators:
To educate the development of volitional and moral qualities that determine the formation of the child's personality
Cultivate an emotional and value attitude to the surrounding reality.
Program participants must belong to the main health group and have no doctor's contraindications for doing gymnastics.
The relevance of the program lies in the fact that a variety of forms, methods and means of training and education, proposed by the program, allow not only to have a beneficial effect on the physical, moral, aesthetic development of the pupils, but also to realize their individuality, originality and teach them to see the beauty around themselves and in themselves .
The main forms of organization of the educational process: group training sessions, participation in demonstration performances, mass holidays.
The annual curriculum of classes is designed for 36 weeks with a maximum load of 3 hours per week (minimum load - 2 hours).
The main form of tracking results: pupils demonstrate their achievements in open classes, city events additional education, demonstration performances.
II. Educational - thematic plan
1 year of study (2 hours per week)
ChapterNumber of hours
THEORY
PRACTICE
TOTAL
Theoretical training
General developmental exercises
Drill
Control tests
TOTAL:
2-3 years of study (3 hours per week)
ChapterNumber of hours
THEORY
PRACTICE
TOTAL
Theoretical training
General developmental exercises
Drill
Studying and improving exercise technique
Control tests
TOTAL:
108
III. Program content.
1.Theoretical training
Theoretical training is carried out in the form of conversations, lectures and directly in training is organically connected with physical, technical-tactical, moral and volitional training as an element of practical training.
Theoretical classes should have a certain target orientation: to develop in students the ability to use the acquired knowledge in practice in the conditions of training sessions.
Educational material spread over the entire period of study. When conducting theoretical classes, the age of the students should be taken into account and the material should be presented in an accessible form. Depending on the specific conditions of work, adjustments can be made to the plan of theoretical training.
Theoretical training in sports and recreation groups is carried out in the form of short conversations at the beginning of a training session or during its process. The content of the conversations and the completeness of the information depend on the contingent of students. Some topics require repeated repetition, for example: injury prevention measures, first aid.
When conducting theoretical classes, it is necessary to cultivate a sense of patriotism, love for one's homeland and pride in it!
Theoretical preparation:
1. Safety briefing at the training session.
2. Rules of conduct in the gym.
3. Hygienic basics of classes:
Clothing and footwear for classes;
Influence morning exercises on the person involved;
4. Nutrition and daily routine of those involved;
5. General theoretical concepts and terminology;
6. Influence exercise on the body involved;
8. Hardening of the body involved and strengthening the immune system;
9. Features of the development of the organism involved;
10. Providing first aid;
11. Rules traffic and behavior on the roads;
12. Leisure. Daily regime.
2. General physical training
General physical training (GPP) is physical training carried out regardless of a specific type of human activity. It is aimed at strengthening the health and diversified development of those involved, increasing the efficiency and development of those involved, increasing efficiency and developing qualities without taking into account the specifics of the chosen sport. The main means of physical training are drill and general developmental exercises.
Physical training is an organized process aimed at:
Comprehensive development of the body involved, strengthening the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improving the activity of the autonomic and central nervous systems;
Strengthening health and increasing efficiency;
The development of physical qualities necessary for the successful mastering of the technique of gymnastic exercises and their performance with the required quality: amplitude, speed, strength, etc.
fixed assets OFP are drill, general developmental exercises. When performing combat exercises, it is necessary to achieve strict preservation of intervals and distances from the very first lessons. Drill exercises are easier to digest if appropriate figurative comparisons are used. When performing outdoor switchgear, it is important to dose the exercise correctly. The dosage depends on the individual capabilities of the children. When performing outdoor switchgear, it is necessary to consistently include in the work different groups muscles.
2.1. Combat exercises.
Main stance: formation in a column; movement in a circle; walking on half-toes; walking on heels; soft step; walking in a squat; sharp step; side step; easy running; running with high hips; running with whipping legs back; jumps; gallop; polka; a combination of various running and jumping exercises. Combat exercises: turns on the spot, rebuilding from one column to 2-4, snake and diagonal movements.
2. 2. General developmental exercises (ORU).
- a set of exercises to develop the strength of the muscles of the hands and shoulder girdle, neck and torso, legs, lower leg and footA set of exercises for strength development small muscles hand, shoulder girdle, neck and torso (back and abdomen), leg and foot muscles
Complexes of exercises for the development of flexibility: the spinal column; elbow and wrist joints; ankle, knee and hip joints
Development of the balance function:
Racks on various supports (floor, chair, carpet, bench) on one leg (with closed and open eyes).
A set of exercises with objects (gymnastic bench and gymnastic stick)
Complexes of exercises for developing the strength of all muscle groups
Complexes of exercises for the development of flexibility: the spinal column; elbow and wrist joints; ankle, knee and hip joints
Complexes of exercises for the development of jumping ability
Complexes of exercises for the development of balance and coordination
A set of exercises with objects (gymnastic wall)
complexes circuit training to develop the strength of all muscle groups
Complexes of exercises for the development of flexibility: the spinal column; elbow and wrist joints; ankle, knee and hip joints
Complexes of exercises for the development of jumping ability
Complexes of exercises for the development of speed, agility and general endurance (relay races).
The results of the development of educational activities.
At the end of the year of study, students must master the basic skills of the elements of physical training, learn the basics of choreographic and acrobatic training and master the program of exercises without an object, exercises with an object.
Control system and test requirements.
STANDARDS FOR GENERAL PHYSICAL AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING AT THE STAGE OF INITIAL TRAINING.
Developed physical qualityControl exercises(tests)
result
Flexibility
I.P. - sitting, legs together
Lean forward
Fixing the position of 5 accounts
"5" - tight fold, straight knees
"4" - when leaning forward, the hands go beyond the stop line, knees are straight
"3" - when the hands are leaning forward on the line of the feet, the knees are straight
Flexibility
I.P. - lying on the stomach
"Rybka" - bending back in emphasis on the hands with bending the legs
The distance between the forehead and feet is measured
"5" - touching the forehead with the feet
"4" - up to 5 cm
"3" - 6 - 10 cm
When performing the movement, the knees must be together
Flexibility
I.P. - stand legs together, hands up, in the lock.
Pulling hands back
"5" - 45°
"4" - 30°
"3" - 20°
Coordinating ability
Balance on one, bend the other forward, the foot is pressed to the knee of the supporting leg, arms to the sides
Drawing (not shown)
"5" - hold the position for 6 seconds
"4" - 4 seconds
"3" - 2 seconds
Perform with both feet
Speed-strength qualities
Jumping with two legs
Evaluation on a 5-point system (ease of jump, push)
Abbreviation contained in the table: "I.P." - initial position.
Average score - 5.0- 4.5 - high level of special physical training
4.4 - 4.0 - above average
3,9 - 3,5 - average level special physical training
3.4 - 3.0 - below average
2.9 and below - low level of special physical fitness.
IV . Methodological support of the educational program:
Organizational and methodological instructions are attached to each section of the content of the program. Thus, let's trace the methodical sequence of the training process.
The physical qualities of a person are usually called his individual motor capabilities, such as:
1) Coordination - the ability to rationally organize muscle activity, by including only the necessary muscle groups in the work with appropriate speed and strength muscle tension;
2) Agility is the ability to quickly master new movements and rebuild motor activity in accordance with the requirements of a changing environment;
3) Flexibility is the ability to relax muscles well, the ability to perform movements with a large amplitude, passively and actively;
4) Strength - the ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it due to muscle efforts in static and dynamic movements;
6) Quickness - the ability to quickly respond and perform movements with great speed and frequency;
7) Jumping ability - speed-strength quality, manifested in the height of repulsion;
8) Balance is the ability to maintain a stable position of the body. Distinguish between static balance - in postures, and dynamic balance - in movements;
9) Endurance - the ability to resist fatigue and perform work for a long time without reducing efficiency.
All the qualities listed above develop in certain sensitive periods that are important for practicing health-improving gymnastics.
Coordinating abilities develop most intensively from 9-10 to 11-12 years. At the age of 7-8 years, motor coordinations are characterized by instability of speed parameters and rhythm. In the period from 11 to 13-14 years, the accuracy of differentiation of muscle efforts increases, the ability to reproduce a given tempo of movements improves. Girls aged 13-14 are distinguished by a high ability to master complex motor coordinations, which is due to the completion of the formation of a functional sensorimotor system, the achievement of a maximum level in the interaction of all analyzer systems and the completion of the formation of the main mechanisms of voluntary movements.
At the age of 14-15 years, there is a slight decrease in spatial analysis and coordination of movements. In the period of 16-17 years, the improvement of motor coordination continues to the level of adults, and the differentiation of muscle efforts reaches the optimal level.
Flexibility . The growth of this quality increases intensively at the age of 6 to 10 years. The maximum leap in the development of this quality comes in 10 years. In subsequent years, flexibility develops mainly under the influence of special training.
Force. The natural increase in muscle strength is negligible until 11-12 years of age. With the onset of puberty (from 12 to 14 years), the rate of its growth increases markedly. The most intensive development of strength takes place at the age of 14-17.
Rapidity. The development of speed is observed from 7 to 20 years. The most intensive rate of natural growth of this quality occurs from 9 to 11 years, at the time of puberty from 14 to 15 years and later.
jumping ability . As you know, the sensitive period of development of jumping ability corresponds to the age of 11-14 years, and by the age of 17-18 it reaches the highest results. However, to talk about the conservatism of jumping ability to further development or maintenance on high level achieved results at a later age there are no grounds.
Modern ideas in the theory and methodology of sports training about the development of jumping ability come down to the fact that the use of exercises of a predominantly jumping nature improves only the speed of repulsion, and the use of exercises of a power and speed-strength nature provides an increase in both speed and repulsion force.
Equilibrium. Sensitive period of work on stable position Suitable for ages 7 to 14. Approximately by the age of 10, work is underway on balances in complicated conditions: after dynamic movements; after irritation of the vestibular analyzer; with blind vision; on reduced and elevated support.
Endurance. The aerobic capacity of the body and, in particular, aerobic power, characterized by an indicator of maximum oxygen consumption, increases with age. The indicators of aerobic power increase most intensively during puberty (14-15) years and slow down only after 18 years. At the same time, the relative indicator of the IPC almost does not change at the age of 10 to 17 years.
V. References.
1.Adapted program for students Youth art school gymnastics (MBOU DOD DYuSSh No. 1), Smolensk, 2013
2. "Rhythmic Gymnastics" textbook edited by Professor L.A. Karpenko, All-Russian Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics, St. Petersburg State Academy physical culture named after P.F. Lesgaft, Moscow, 2003.
3. L. A. Karpenko, I. A. Viner, V. A. Sivitsky rhythmic gymnastics: Textbook / VFGST SPbGUFK them. P.F. Lesgaft. - M., 2007.
4. A. Vasilyeva "The program of education and training in kindergarten" Moscow, Education, 1985.
5. E.N. Vavilov "Learn to run, jump, climb, throw."
6. Manual for educators kindergarten. Moscow, Education, 1983.
7. N.V. Gureev. "Active rest" Moscow, Soviet sport, 1991.
8. M. A. Godik, A. M. Baramidze, "Stretching mobility flexibility
9. Zakharov E.N., Karasev A.V., Safonov A.A. Encyclopedia of physical training: Methodological foundations for the development of physical qualities /
10. M.F. Litvinov "Russian folk outdoor games" Moscow, Education, 1986.
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