The history of field hockey in our country has centuries-old traditions, and modern history field hockey as an Olympic sport is exceptionally extraordinary and full of surprises. One of the "white spots" in the history of field hockey in our country, opened thanks to the project "History of field hockey in Russia", is the official membership of the USSR Field Hockey Federation in the International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) from 1956 to 1960.
USSR in the International Field Hockey Federation in 1956 - 1960: "We are very sorry about your exit"
Yes, dear reader was not mistaken: indeed, from December 1, 1956 to April 1960, the All-Union Field Hockey Section of the USSR was an official member of the International Field Hockey Federation. It is traditionally believed that the USSR Field Hockey Federation joined the International Field Hockey Federation as a temporary member in 1969, and since 1970 has become a permanent member. It is 1969 that is considered to be the official date of birth of modern field hockey in our country.
The newly discovered information, thanks to archival documents, allows - as an option for discussion - to put forward a completely different date for the official international day The birth of field hockey in our country is December 1, 1956, when the USSR was officially accepted as a member of the FIH at the Congress in Melbourne.
When could Soviet field hockey first appear on Olympic Games ah modernity - in 1952, 1956 or 1960? Probably the correct answer would be this: the possibility of the appearance of Soviet grass hockey players was considered in Helsinki (1952), and in Melbourne (1956), and in Rome (1960). The sports leadership of the USSR consistently and systematically led the development of exotic for Soviet Union sport, calculating the possible political consequences of the possible failure of the national team at the highest sports competitions.
Official contacts with the International Field Hockey Federation were established in 1949, after the 1948 Olympics in London. Under the leadership of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR with the participation of representatives of the International Administration and the USSR Ice Hockey Federation. An objective analysis of the features of the game and the requirements for players against the backdrop of the country's ongoing recovery after the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945 removed the Olympic field hockey tournament in Helsinki in 1952 from the agenda.
The obvious demonstration of the ever-increasing popularity of field hockey in the world at the 1952 Olympics made the Soviet sports leadership look again at the possible participation in the Olympic starts and entering the international arena. This led to the fact that after studying the topic by a narrow circle of people, since 1954, a whole range of measures has been taken in the USSR, designed not only to popularize olympic look sports in the USSR, but also to prepare a competitive team for participation in the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne.
Among the most important events of this time, it is necessary to name the All-Union gathering of field hockey coaches, which was held in Moscow from May 24 to May 31, 1955.
The biggest milestone is the all-Union tournament of men's field hockey teams, which took place in the same year, 1955, in Leningrad, at the Metrostroy stadium - in fact, the first unofficial championship of the USSR. In 1956, a similar tournament was also held.
In July 1956, the USSR national team played two matches with the Polish national team, which was among the leaders in Europe. The matches ended quite decently for the debutants – our sportsmen lost 0:1 and drew 0:0. But this, as well as devastating defeats in friendly matches between the best Soviet players and Indian football players (!) caused the top sports leadership to decide to postpone the participation of the Soviet team in major international competitions until better times, not wishing to clearly concede to rivals in the international arena even in hockey on grass.
The efforts of the sports leadership of the USSR did not go unnoticed by the FIH, and in 1956 representatives of the Soviet Union were invited to Melbourne to participate in the FIH Congress - already as temporary members. Mikhailov was the head of the grass hockey section in May 1956 - it was in his name that the International Ice Hockey Federation sent official letters. Derzhavin and Smolin, employees of the Committee for Physical Culture, took an active part in the development of contacts with the FIH. And the official representative of the USSR at the historic meeting on December 1, 1956 at the FIH Congress was N. Semashko.
Together with the USSR, on December 1, 1956, China (Formosa), Cuba and Indonesia were accepted as official members of the FIH by secret ballot (paragraph 2 of the minutes of the Congress meeting). The adoption of the GDR was again blocked, as was the case at the 1952 and 1954 congresses. Note that at the same Congress in 1956, due to non-payment of membership fees, Iran was expelled from the ranks of the FIH.
The meeting of the Congress also supported the holding of a field hockey tournament in the USSR within the framework of III World youth games in August 1957.
On December 5, 1956, at a meeting of the FIH Bureau, it was noted that the rules for admitting countries to participate in the Olympic Games that had been in force until that time, which had been preserved since 1928, needed to be changed. To address this issue, a special commission was created. Let us pay attention - it was the work of this commission that served as an indirect reason for the withdrawal of the USSR from the FIH in 1960.
On February 10, 1957, the Ice Hockey Federation of the USSR received a letter from the FIH with a reminder to pay membership dues:
"Mr. President!
The next FIH Congress, held on December 1, 1956 in Melbourne, set a new amount for the implementation of membership fees: 200 Swiss francs - up to 1000 players in the country; CHF 50 for each additional 1,000 players or part of a thousand; and a maximum of 650 Swiss francs - over 9 thousand players.
We kindly ask you to pay by March 31 your membership fee for 1957 to the FIH account in the Swiss Banking Union in Geneva ...
We convey to you, Mr. President, our best greetings.
FIH General Secretary Albert Demore.
On April 8, 1957, the USSR Hockey Section, signed by Chubarov, sent a telegram to A. Demore in Geneva with the following content:
“We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated February 10 this year. We hereby inform you that there are 2000 players in our section. One of these days we will transfer 250 Swiss francs to the account of the International Field Hockey Federation in Geneva as our contribution for 1957, which will arrive to you as soon as possible.
On June 26, 1957, the Grass Hockey Section of the USSR received a letter from the FIH about their readiness to host Morocco friendly match with someone from the representatives of the FIH in November - December 1957. This proposal was rejected by the Soviet side. Also, the planned tournament in the same year of the Soviet, Polish and East German teams in Poland did not take place. It seems that the reasons for the refusal were the weak readiness of the USSR hockey players to compete for the victory.
Due to poor readiness, Soviet grass hockey players did not take part in hockey tournament III International Youth Games, which was held from 2 to 8 August 1957 in Moscow, on the field of the Dynamo stadium. 8 teams were planned to participate in the tournament, but seven teams took part - Poland, Japan, East Germany, France, Austria, Finland, Egypt (arranged in order of occupied places).
At the same time, the tournament was perfectly organized by the Soviet side. All 17 tournament judges were Soviet. The Jury of Appeal of the tournament included FIH Honorary General Secretary R. Frank (Belgium), P. Borst (Germany), I. Zvek (GDR), G. Granaturov (USSR), T. Geret (Austria).
Thus, the Soviet side thoroughly developed field hockey, gaining experience in all areas - from organization and refereeing international competitions before the increase sportsmanship players. The sports community of a young sport in the country was looking forward to the Olympic debut of the national team.
On August 14, 1959, the International Ice Hockey Federation sent an official letter to the National Olympic Committees of countries and national field hockey federations on the rules for participation in the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome. As a result of the discussions, a variant with the participation of 16 teams was chosen. These included Italy (as the host of the 1960 Olympics), four semi-finalists of the 1956 Melbourne Olympic tournament (India, Pakistan, Germany, Great Britain) and 11 teams that had to be selected through qualification.
As noted in the FIH letter, “ these teams will be selected in January 1960 from among those who send in preliminary applications and who will be considered the strongest (after qualifying by law), based, in particular, on their results in international matches or the Olympic Games».
This option did not suit the Soviet side, since the USSR national team did not meet the specified criteria, and a more flexible selection option through a system of pools of teams of various strengths was rejected.
In September 1959, the Field Hockey Section of the USSR notified the FIH about leaving the ranks of the International Federation as a disagreement and infringement of the rights of the Soviet side.
Diplomatic negotiations to change the decision lasted six months. On March 29, 1960, the Soviet side reaffirmed its decision to withdraw ...
Mr General Secretary!
I acknowledge receipt of your letter dated March 29, in which you inform me that the USSR Ice Hockey Federation no longer wants to remain in our International Federation.
We have taken note of the reasons why you have made this decision and will ask our Bureau at the next meeting to register your withdrawal.
I want to tell you that we are very sorry about your exit. At the time of your entry in 1956, we hoped that our sport, which is widespread in many countries, would not be delayed in your country as well. We also believed in this because we know the importance given in your country to many sports related to physical education youth. However, we hope that the withdrawal of the USSR is not final, and that one of these days we will be able to see you again among our members.
With best wishes for the prosperity and success of our sport, please accept our best regards.
Rene Frank,
Honorary General Secretary of FIH»
On April 19, 1960, a visa was stamped on the FIH letter: "Report to Romanov." On April 22, the visa of the very chairman of the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Nikolai Nikolaevich Romanov, appeared on the document: “In business.”
So field hockey was put on hold until better Olympic times. Those times came in 1968, when preparations began for Moscow's nomination as the host city of the 1976 Summer Olympics. But this is a completely different, no less interesting story ...
From August 25 to September 11, 1960, the XVII Olympic Games were held in Rome. IN team standings confident victory they were won by the USSR national team, which won 103 medals (43 gold, 29 silver, 31 bronze) and was far ahead of national teams USA (71 medals) and Italy (36 medals).
16 countries took part in the field hockey tournament, which are located in the final protocol in the following order: 1. Pakistan; 2. India; 3. Spain; 4. UK; 5. New Zealand; 6. Australia; 7. Kenya; 8. United team of Germany; 9. Netherlands; 10. France; 11. Belgium; 12. Poland; 13. Italy; 14. Japan; 15. Switzerland; 16. Denmark.
Without a doubt, the position with the refusal to participate in the activities of the FIH was coordinated in the USSR by the Soviet sports leadership at the highest political level.
It cannot be said that the decision to defiantly withdraw from the FIH was emotional and taken “suddenly” - this is far from the case. The USSR rightfully perceived itself as a great sports power and demanded some attention to itself in a particular sport, which was relatively new to it, but which was developing at a fairly good pace. Only the FIH's obvious disregard for the undisguised incentives of the USSR to develop field hockey in the form of a bonus (participation in the Games in Rome in 1960) led to a gradual cooling of relations between the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports and the International Field Hockey Federation.
Another negative factor in this situation was the internal one: on March 1, 1959, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports was abolished. The central sports department ceased to exist, and the leadership of the physical culture and sports work in the country was entrusted to public organizations, in particular, to the Union of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR, created at the founding Plenum on April 18, 1959. All this led to a change in specific people and fatal delays in correspondence with the FIH regarding participation in the 1960 Games. And to accuse the International Field Hockey Federation of bias or incorrectness, in our opinion, is unfair.
It is no coincidence that after a whole decade, "due to the inability of public organizations to establish normal work in the sports field", by the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 826 of October 17, 1968, the Union-Republican Committee for physical education and sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. It is natural that after this there will be a new return to the revival of domestic field hockey, the resumption of contacts with the FIH.
It should be especially emphasized that the FIH gladly responded to the proposal to restore the USSR Field Hockey Federation in its ranks, which systematically happened in 1969 - 1970 - already in 1970, Soviet grass hockey players officially debuted at the first ever European Championship. And - attention! - hockey players of the USSR were invited to the FIH tournament without any sports selection.
In the author's opinion, despite the controversial decision taken in 1960 to withdraw from the International Ice Hockey Federation as a result of infringement of the rights of the Soviet side, it is necessary to take this historical fact instructively - the great sports power - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) - rigidly and uncompromisingly defended its sports and political interests. Alas, this is extremely lacking in the protection of national sports interests at the present stage. Olympic history Nowadays…
Thus, the author believes that in the 1960s, field hockey in our country did not disappear and did not disappear - due to organizational moments he simply found himself in the shadow of the USSR Ice Hockey Federation and Soviet ice hockey, which achieved worldwide recognition in the 1960s. But there was also Russian hockey - bandy!
Enthusiasts and adherents of field hockey did not disappear anywhere - they were simply ridiculed and ignored by colleagues in the "hockey shop", and funding for the "western sport" within the federation simply was not allocated. The 1960s is the period of the "dark ages" of domestic field hockey. This happens when some historical event or people are simply crossed out by representatives of the party that is in power at a particular period in history.
It is very important to emphasize that it was the coaching and refereeing staff of grass hockey, trained in the 1950s (including Major Soviet army Vladimir Menshikov (for 1955), who became the head coach of the USSR national team in 1969), played a leading role in the revival of field hockey in our country at a new stage in history.
In our opinion, the state of field hockey in the USSR in the 1960s should be assessed as suspended animation - caused by a temporary slowdown or even cessation of vital processes in the country's sports organism in a particular sport under the influence of internal factors.
The author adheres to the point of view that exactly December 1, 1956 should be considered as the official date for the entry of domestic hockey into the international hockey movement and invites veterans and fans of domestic field hockey to express their own opinion on this issue.
P.S. Documents from the State Archives were used in the preparation of this material Russian Federation(GARF). Visual confirmation of the materials presented in this publication will be offered to the attention of readers on our website after March 16, after official copies of the documents are received. Archival research continues.
Alexey Loginov, FHTR press service
With my thoughts about the sport we won Olympic medals, and now even participation in the Olympics seems to be something out of the realm of fantasy, Honored Coach of Russia Igor Shishkov shares with SE.
I do not want to blame anyone for anything, but I will express my opinion on the development of the Olympic sport in our country.
Russia - hockey country. And by right, ice hockey occupies a leading position among all team sports after football. Canadian hockey create all conditions at all levels. Comfortable indoor sports palaces do not put obstacles in front of regular classes and do not make the sport dependent on weather conditions. What can not be said about summer hockey. It's winter in Russia. Longer in the middle part of the country, shorter in the south. Playing field hockey in uncomfortable conditions, let's face it, is not a joy. We do not have covered fields. We have to look for alternative training options.
In Germany, in the late 60s, such a way out was found. Moved hockey to the hall. We came up with the rules and began to train, in the cold season to prepare for summer hockey. The initiative of the Germans was taken up by many countries, and already in 1972 at the club level, and in 1974 at the national team level, the first official competitions were held under the control of the European Ice Hockey Federation. Then came the world championships.
The answer is very simple. Trainers will understand me. Speed, speed-strength qualities and especially speed endurance have become those physical qualities, which are actively improved thanks to indoor field hockey. Enclosed play space, instant decision making on execution techniques(I would say, even the lack of time), the most difficult stroke without throwing the ball up, the features of tackling the ball in a low landing - this is the set of tools that improve the skill of any hockey player. This is one side of the coin, the "outer". The "inner" side will surprise you even more. We conducted an experiment with the analysis of the cost of the competitive load. The players' heart rate was telemetrically monitored during the game and lactate was taken during the break and after the game. I will not show the numbers, they are. The output was just fantastic! In the game in the hall, the hockey players reached the pulse at the highest possible level for themselves, and this frequency of contractions was maintained throughout the game shift, which is 4-5 minutes. The concentration of lactate in the blood was individually maximum. And what, you ask?
Due to the competitive load in indoor hockey, the athlete undergoes such shifts in the body systems that cannot be achieved at the training level, sometimes even in field hockey. And this is what all coaches work for. The maximum training effect is achieved, but not immediately. And in the phase of his supercompensation.
And now a short digression into history. Germany men's team. Olympic champion 2008, 2012. Champion of Europe until 2008 and world champion until 2013 in indoor hockey. The coach is one in both events - Markus Weise. When in 2008 the German team for the first time since 1974 lost the European championship to the Russian team, many did not believe it. The championship was held in January in Yekaterinburg. A month later, the Russian team went to the Olympic qualifying tournament in Chile. From minus 30C to plus 40C. And practically without preparation (there were financial reasons for that). The basis of the team was hockey players from Moscow Region and Yekaterinburg, adherents of both field hockey and indoor hockey. Outcome - bronze awards followed by the teams of India and England. Move in the world ranking from 45th to 24th.
After the Olympic qualifying tournament I was invited to speak at a coaching course held in Santiago by the International Ice Hockey Federation (FIH). The question was one - how did you manage to perform so well in Chile after the historic victory in indoor hockey over the Germans. I told about the charms winter training. Interestingly, I was asked the most questions by the then course participant, 39-year-old Carlos Jose Retegui. Now this Argentine coach has won Olympic medals in Rio with his team. Coincidence? Hardly. Argentina, like Holland, England, and other leading countries of the world, has been actively developing indoor hockey for 10 years. The 2018 World Cup will be held in Argentina. Club teams invite us to their tournaments and plan trips to Russia.
Now I am ready to respond to the proposal of the vice-president of the FHTR Georgy Galashev - to ban indoor hockey in Russia as harmful species sport for field hockey.
Former president of the International Ice Hockey Federation Leandro Negres said: "Indor hockey is simply irreplaceable for Russia...". Thousands of kids are doing it spectacular view sports. I talked about its benefits above. stands sports complex"Hope" in Pavlovsky Posad, where the European Champions Cup "Trophy" in 2016 was held, was packed to capacity. The viewership of online reports reached tens of thousands. And this is the marketing basis. It must be properly used in the promotion of all field hockey.
Unfortunately, we do not have unity. There are ardent opponents. And for the development of field hockey, all means are important, indoor hockey is simply irreplaceable.
On the eve of the next reporting and election conference, I would like to draw your attention to an item on the conference agenda. This is point number 3 "ON THE NEED to develop indoor field hockey (indoor hockey) in Russia."
You got the answer in this article.
At the Summer Olympics, there are also hockey competitions, but only on grass. Honestly, I have never seen them, even while watching the Athens Olympics. It may not have been shown.
Field hockey - hockey - from English hockey, possibly from the old French hoquet - a shepherd's crook with a hook. Modern field hockey as a sport originated in the 19th century in England. In the same place, in the early 60s of the XIX century, hockey clubs began to be created. The first of them - "Blackheath", was organized in 1861 in London.
In 1875, the London Field Hockey Association formulated the first set of rules for this game. When the National Field Hockey Association was created in England in 1886, its uniform rules were adopted.
At the end of XIX - beginning of XX century. field hockey, which developed in England, Ireland, Wales, is becoming famous and gaining popularity in continental Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and some other countries where national federations, associations or clubs cultivating this sport, as well as in India, Canada, USA.
The International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) was founded in 1924.
In the program of the Olympic Games field hockey since 1908 - men's teams, and since 1980 - women's teams. Field hockey was absent from the programs of two Olympics - 1912 and 1924.
Field hockey is the only sport in which India has Olympic gold medals.
In 2004, gold among the men's teams was won by the Australian team, among women - by Germany.
Rules.
Hockey is played by two teams of 11 players. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal. The team that scores more goals in two 35-minute halves wins.
Players, excluding the goalkeeper, may only hit the ball with sticks and may be penalized for playing with their feet or other parts of the body. Wooden hook sticks must be flat on one side and rounded on the other. Players may only hit the ball with the flat side. The goalkeeper may use any part of the body to protect the goal from the ball while he (she) is in the goalkeeper's area.
Dangerous game.
Since the hockey ball weighs 156-163 g and 224-235 mm in diameter, and the sticks themselves can be dangerous, players are not allowed to lift the sticks above their heads and use them, creating conditions for a dangerous game. Most importantly, athletes should not send the ball into the air, except in scoring situations. The level of danger for each ball that has risen above the ground is determined by the official referees.
Unlike many other sports, in field hockey, players cannot use their body or stick to defend or obstruct other players from hitting the ball. By doing so or by physically interfering with other players, the athlete is breaking the rules.
Other rules.
- if the goalkeeper lies down on the ball, this is considered a violation;
- in case of intentional attack, misbehavior or dangerous play, the athlete may be warned with a green card, penalized with a yellow card for five minutes or sent off with a red card;
- a player warned by a yellow card may later return to the game;
- The game is controlled by two referees, one in each half of the field.
Field.
The ice hockey field measures 91.4 meters long and 55 meters wide. central line divides it into two parts. At each end of the field there is an arc extending 14.6 m from the goal and denoting an area called the "scoring zone". The gate is 3.66m wide and 2.14m high.
Qualification.
current Olympic champion and the host country team are automatically included in the competition. The remaining participants qualify according to the results of the qualifying regional competitions. One team each from Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. The remaining teams qualify based on the results of the Olympic Qualifiers.
Field hockey competitions at the Summer Olympics first appeared at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and since then have been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except for the 1912 Games and the 1924 Games. Initially, the competition was men's, the women's tournament appeared at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Field hockey- summer Olympic sport, one of the most popular species hockey. The competition is organized by the International Field Hockey Federation (Federation Intenationale de Hockey, FIH).
There is a variety of indoor field hockey - indoor hockey, which is considered a separate sport, and differs not only in coverage, but also in the smaller size of the site and the number of players in each team.
Field hockey is very popular in Great Britain and former British possessions - India, Pakistan, Australia. In the US and Canada, this sport is popular among girls in colleges and universities. It is known that games similar to field hockey were played in ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, among the Aztecs and the ancient Japanese even before new era. The modern rules of the game were developed in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. Since then, there have been only minor rule changes.
The first World Cup was held in 1971. Field hockey is an Olympic sport. Among men's teams at the Olympics, competitions have been held since 1908 (with a break in 1912 and 1924), among women - only since 1980.
The World Field Hockey Championships have been held regularly since the 1970s.
In the USSR, field hockey began to develop in the mid-1960s. In 1967, the Field Hockey Federation was created, and in 1970 it became part of the International Federation. Field hockey in our country was less popular than his winter options- ice hockey and bandy. The only time Soviet players were successful at the Olympics was in 1980 in Moscow, when the women's and men's teams each won bronze medal. After the collapse of the USSR, field hockey in Russia is in crisis. The teams from Spain, the Netherlands, Australia, India and Pakistan have the greatest successes. As with all forms of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal with a stick. Touching the ball with the hands or feet of any player other than the goalkeeper is prohibited. On the feet of the players - ordinary sports shoes. All over the world they play on artificial turf.
The team that scores more goals during the game than the opponent wins. In case of a tie, a draw is declared (in some tournaments, extra time may apply, and at the end of it - a penalty kick). But there is such a league in Europe EHL (European hockey league) in this league participate best teams from all over Europe, and here the rules are significantly changed. 1) usually in field hockey the cards are distributed as follows: A) for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card, and in the EHL a green card is a removal from the field of the player who violated the rules for 2 minutes. B) in regular field hockey championships yellow card- this is the removal of a player from the field for 2-5 minutes at the discretion of the judges, and depending on the magnitude of the violations, and in the EHL 5-10 minutes. C) a red card in both regular championships and in the EHL is a suspension until the end of the game, and subsequent matches may be missed - depending on the violations.
The game involves two opposing teams of 11 people. The game lasts for 70 minutes - two halves of 35 minutes each with a break of 10 minutes.
In ordinary field hockey championships, the match time, as already mentioned, is 2 halves of 35 minutes, and in the EHL 4 halves of 17 minutes 30 seconds with a break between halves of 5 minutes.
Field hockey- sports team game with clubs and a plastic ball on the grass, in which the goal is to score the ball into the opponent's goal more times than the opposing team does in a set time. Field hockey is popular with both men and women.
History of field hockey
The most ancient find associated with field hockey is considered to be the image of two players with sticks fighting for the ball on a pyramid near the town of Beni Hassan (Nile Valley). Similar games were played by the Japanese with the Aztec Indians. A stained glass window in the north choir of Canterbury Cathedral in England shows a boy holding a club and a ball, which tells us that this image dates from 1200 BC.
Field hockey acquired its current form in the middle of the 19th century, it was played in schools and universities in England. The first rules were formulated in 1952. In 1861 the first hockey club Blackheath, and later other clubs began to appear: Teddington, Surbiton, Richmond, East Surrey.
On January 18, 1886, the first official national field hockey association was formed, and with it a set of rules was assembled.
By the end of the century, field hockey had developed rapidly in Europe, penetrated into India, Canada, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
In 1895, the first international field hockey match took place between the national teams of Ireland and Wales.
On January 7, 1924, the International Field Hockey Federation was founded in Paris. In 1908, men's field hockey was included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games, women's field hockey was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1980.
Field hockey rules
Consider the basic rules of playing field hockey. As mentioned earlier, the goal of the game is to score as more balls at the opponent's goal. In case of a tie, a draw is declared, in some tournaments extra time may be applied, and after it - shootouts. Touching the ball with your hands or feet is prohibited, only the goalkeeper can do this. Each team has 11 players.
The game consists of two halves, each of which lasts 35 minutes with a break of 10 minutes between them. In the EHL (European Hockey League) there are 4 halves of 17 and a half minutes with a five-minute break between halves.
If the ball goes out of bounds from a player of the attacking team, a goal kick is taken. If the ball goes away from a defending player, a corner kick is awarded. If a player of the defending team fouled in the circle of kick, then the attacking team takes a corner.
fines
- for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card (in EHL, a green card is a removal from the field of the player for 2 minutes);
- in regular field hockey championships, a yellow card is the removal of a player from the field for 2-5 minutes at the discretion of the judges, and depending on the magnitude of the violations (in the EHL - 5-10 minutes);
- a red card is a suspension until the end of the game, and depending on the violations, subsequent matches may be missed.
Field for playing field hockey
The playing field has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 91.4 meters in length and 55 meters in width. All marking lines on the field are 75 mm wide and are part of the playing field. The field contains the following markings:
- sidelines are drawn along the length of the field perimeter;
- end lines are drawn along the width of the field perimeter;
- the part of the end line between the goal posts is called the goal line;
- the center line bisects the field;
- 23-meter lines are drawn across the field at a distance of 22.90 m from each end line;
- the kick circle is inside the field around the goal in the center of the goal line;
- in each corner of the field there are flags with a height of 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters.
Bandy is played on a variety of surfaces, but the most preferred and recognized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (FIH) is artificial grass.
Standard provisions
The ball is played from the center of the field at the beginning of the game, at the beginning of the second half, and also after a goal has been scored. In this case, all players of both teams, except for the player playing the ball, must be in their own half of the field.
A dropped ball is awarded if the game was stopped due to injury or for other reasons (without violating the rules) and is played from the place of stop (no closer than 15 meters from the end line). Players who perform a dropped ball must place their clubs on the floor to the right of the ball, face the clubs once over the ball, and then play the ball.
The ball is considered out of bounds if it completely crosses the front or sideline. If the ball has left the touch line, it is put into play from the place where it crossed the line.
Inventory and equipment
The field players of each team in field hockey must wear the same uniform. The goalkeeper's jersey must be different from the jerseys of the rest of the team. It is forbidden to wear and carry items that are dangerous to other players during the game.
Players are permitted to wear protective gloves, shin guards and tooth guards, and a smooth face shield that is transparent, white or another color (other than the color of the face) and fits snugly against the face when participating in a penalty corner or free kick defensive action. throw before they end. The goalkeeper must wear a protective helmet, mask, shin guards and shoe covers. In addition, the goalkeeper is allowed to wear a bib, elbow pads, goalie shorts.
The field hockey stick must be traditional form with a handle and a curved end, flat on the left side. It should be smooth, without rough and sharp parts. All club curves must be smooth and must not exceed 2.5 cm in depth.
The ball must be round, hard, white or in another legal color different from the playing surface. Below is a photo of a field hockey ball.
