If they give a red card in football. Yellow and red cards in football

17.04.202027.05.2017

Here is the calm again big football, which means it's time to pull up the materiel. Anyway, the weather is not conducive to the usual summer activities. In this regard, I was rather lucky - I started reading a book for the soul, and it turned out to be stuffed useful information about how we all constantly stir up pennies, skipping crunchy bills. We try to see the meaning in everything and interpret any incoherent set of characters. This should be covered in more detail in the next issue of cognitive fallacies, and now a little about the removal from the field.

The yellow and red cards familiar to football players and fans “debuted” during the 1970 World Cup, and before that there were cases when, due to the language barrier, the player could not guess that the referee was asking him to leave the field. Only after the 1982 World Cup did yellow and red cards become mandatory attributes of a referee in everyone match.

Sometimes you can hear that the team in which the player was removed mobilizes and begins to play ten men more unitedly. Thanks to this, she allegedly spends the rest of the match more successfully than playing in in full force. Well, first of all, it depends on who was removed. And secondly, if everything is so wonderful, then you can remove one more from the field. Why guess when you can analyze the experience of past games and quantify the benefits and harms of a red card.

Such studies have been carried out more than once. For example, the work published in the 24th issue Journal of Sports Science in 2006, on the basis of 743 Bundesliga matches between 1963 and 2004, revealed an obvious trend: the removal of a player or players in the team lowers her chances of winning, the team's game is in decline. The following data were used as primary material:

a. home game or away match for those serving a sentence;
b. time of showing the red card;
c. result of the meeting at the moment b;
d. subsequent goals after b;
e. time when subsequent goals were scored;
f. final result football match.

The data was then logically grouped. As you can see, more often the players of the team that plays on a foreign field receive a red card. What are the main results and conclusions?

Table 1. Frequency and percentage of red cards for hosts and guests

Finally, the researchers calculated the relationship between removal and final result using chi-square statistic(X 2), likelihood ratio and a couple more statistics:

Most red cards are handed out at the end of the game: out of 434 matches, 42.2% were in 70-90 minutes, 29.9% in the 46-69 time interval, 21.2% in the 24-45 interval, and only 6, 6% of them are earned in the first 24 minutes.
Exists statistically significant dependence between showing a red card and subsequent first goal against. The team that has a player sent off is more likely to get an own goal after the player is sent off the field.
Based on the score in the game until the moment of receiving the red card, the time of receipt, taking into account the parameter hosts/guests, you can quite successfully predict the outcome of the meeting: victory, draw or defeat of the team playing in the minority.
General conclusion: a red card negatively affects the game of the team in which the removal occurred.

The English Premier League was also not spared in research. Using the model logistic regression, using dummy variables for time intervals and for the factor hosts/guests, counted the games from the 1992/1993 season to the 2012/2013 season and checked: if a red card is shown at the beginning of the game, then the shorthanded team will score 1.5 goals less, and if in the middle of the game - 0.85 goals less, and if after the 60th minute - less than 0.62 goals. The opponent gets an advantage, score by 64.5% more balls, playing the rest of the time on the powerplay. General conclusion: the cliche turned out to be false - it's easier to play against ten players than against a full team.

This knowledge will be useful to us during the game on live bets. To illustrate, let's take the recent Confederations Cup. Let's say that Mexico was expected to score 1.35 goals against the Russian team before the game. In the very first minutes of the match, the player of the Russian national team Yuri Zhirkov was removed from the field. The Mexicans got the advantage and the time to use it. In this case, a 64.5% increase in the expected number of goals scored raised it to 2.22. This raised Mexico's chances of winning to 61.5%, lowering the first team's winning ratio to 1.62. For the Russian team, the chances of winning dropped to 18.7%, and the odds jumped to 5.34. The conversion of the average expected goals scored into probabilities and odds is again based on Poisson distributions.

There may be a spread in scores, which is related to whether the ball is evenly in the goal at different time intervals or there are distortions. If evenly, then it is necessary to count in one way, otherwise - in another way. There are arguments for fewer goals early in the game and more goals late in the first half relative to the total number of goals scored and conceded in all games. Also, different coefficients will be obtained if we discount the result of the team playing in the minority, or accrue 64.5% to the opponent. Here it is appropriate to recall the rule, in our case it will sound: count seven times and bet once.

IN football rules the main of the judicial attributes are cards - yellow and red. In this article about what they mean and why they give them to the players on the field.

Yellow and red cards

If you delve into the history of football, then such an attribute as cards did not appear immediately, but modern football is already unthinkable without these components. Cards in football, in essence, are signs that the referee shows to the players at the match for violating the rules of the game or unsportsmanlike behavior.

What is a yellow card for?

Yellow card means violation and is given to football players in the following cases:

For intentionally delaying playing time
For entering or leaving the game without the permission of the referee
For rough play on the field
Per simulation
For conversations and disputes with the referee of the match
For a hand that the referee considers intentional
For hitting before the whistle when taking free kicks or for hitting the ball after the whistle when play is stopped.
For demonstrating a naked torso during a goal celebration

If a player receives two yellow cards during the match, then he is removed from the field without the opportunity to continue further play. And also this player will not be able to play in the next match for the team due to disqualification.

Most tournaments and championships also have additional rules for the number of yellow cards received over several matches. For example, if a player has received 4 “yellow cards” (yellow cards) during several games, then he misses the next game.

What is a red card for?

In football, a red card means a sign of removal and is shown by the referee to a football player for a particularly gross violation on the field or very unsportsmanlike behavior. A football player who has received a red card has no right to continue the game and must leave the field. He also cannot be replaced and therefore the team remains in the minority.

Red card in football showing:

For a very rough game (tackling from behind, insulting an opponent, deliberately hitting an opponent);
For the "foul of last resort."

Also, a red card is shown after a player has received a second yellow card for a match, and also receives a suspension for the next match.

For the first time, the card system in football began to be used in 1970 at the World Cup. And the first player who received a yellow card was the player of the USSR national team Kakhi Asatiani.
The most yellow and red cards were shown in the 1/8 World Championship match between the national teams of Holland and Portugal by the Russian referee Valentin Ivanov. For the entire match, he showed 16 yellow cards and 4 red cards, and all were well-deserved.

And finally, a video in which you will see (if you haven’t seen) why the legendary football player Zinedine Zidane was given a red card in the World Cup final between Italy and France, and his last match in a career. Eh...

Yellow and red cards are an integral part of every football match. Small rectangular pieces of paper are in the pocket of the chief arbiter, who warns the players with them for various kinds of violations. After the referee showed the mustard plaster to the football player, he makes a note about this by drawing the number of the offending player on the card itself. Nowadays, it very rarely happens that the referee has not shown a single card for the entire match. It is possible to break and it is not always punishable, but when the referee clearly sees a foul, he will certainly react and punish the culprit accordingly.

The history of cards in football

At the 1962 World Cup, Englishman Ken Aston officiated the opening match between Chile and Switzerland. In that match, the referee worked well and FIFA put him to judge the game between Chile and Italy - two rivals between whom a fierce struggle could unleash in the football ring. The game was predictably emotional and rough, and in one of the episodes, Aston had to be removed from the field by the midfielder of the Azzurra Squadara Giorgio Ferrini, but due to the language barrier, the Italian did not understand the claims against him and refused to leave, after which he was taken off the field by the police.

At the 1966 World Cup, Ken Aston was put in charge of refereeing. This World Cup was also not without controversy. In the match England - Argentina, the German referee Rudolf Kreitlein removed the captain of the Latin American team Rattin from the site for a gross violation, but he, not even knowing the language of the referee, tried to find out the reason for his removal and the next day the newspapers wrote in full about the problems between the judges and players of different nationalities that do not understand each other. After that, Aston seriously thought about this problem and very soon found its ingenious solution.

While driving on the road in London, Aston had an epiphany, which he later explained as follows:

“When I was driving down High Street Kensigton, the traffic light was red. I thought: yellow - calm down, red - stop, you're expelled.

With this idea, the Briton, who previously worked as a teacher and knew the importance of communicating with those who were going to control, turned to FIFA. Aston proposed to introduce yellow and red cards in football and international organization approved the idea and already at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, referees used cards to warn football players. Also at this World Cup, on the idea of Ken Aston, a reserve referee and a plate with the numbers of players who are going to replace were introduced.

What does a yellow card mean in football?

Referees award players with a yellow card for the following offences:

Unsportsmanlike behavior (for example, when a player celebrates a goal by taking off his shirt)
For disputes with the referee (a referee is needed on the field to decide who is right and who is wrong. Captains can ask the judge the reason for the card, but for disputes or overly rude comments, the referee has the right to award the player with a yellow card)
For delaying time (often, the players of the winning team like to play for time, for example, by long throwing the ball from the goal or out)
For a set of fouls (not all violations pull on a yellow card, minor crimes, the referee misses his eyes, but keeps count of them. If the same football player breaks the rules quite often, then the referee has the right to show him a yellow mustard plaster.
For entering or leaving the game without the permission of the referee (it happens that during the stoppage of the game, for example, when doctors are helping the injured, one of the players goes out of the field line (to drink some water). In no case should this be done, he must remain on the playing court, and if you are very thirsty, then they can give him a bottle of water from the bench. yellow card.
For non-observance of the distance to the ball (during a free kick or free kicks the defending team players must be 9 meters away from the ball. If the referee noticed that this rule is ignored, and the players who put up the wall try to get closer to the ball, then he has the right to punish with a card. True, in such cases, arbitrators often use verbal warnings.
For intentional handball (does not apply unless it is a foul of last resort)
For disrupting a dangerous attack
For hitting after the whistle (for example, when an offside was called and the player ignored the whistle and purposefully kicked the ball). Often in such cases, the players pretend that because of the noise of the stands they simply did not hear the sound of the whistle.

Why is a red card given in football?

The red card is shown for the grossest violation in football and means two things. First, the offender committed a serious foul or committed a serious gross misconduct. Secondly, the player who was shown a red mustard plaster will have to immediately leave the field. There are 5 main reasons for showing a player a red card:

Rough foul. In this case, the arbiter, at his discretion, may even with the help of VAR, determine how gross the violation was. This includes a tackle from behind, a tackle with two feet, a high leg during the tackle, a kick to the body, etc.
Violent actions. Any punches, kicks, attack on the opponent plain language fight is punishable by a red card.
Spitting and swearing. Such actions are almost always kicked off the field. This also includes racist slurs.
Foul of last resort. When an attacking player has an almost 100% chance of scoring a goal, and the opponent fouls on him, then such an episode is classified as a foul of last resort and is punished with a red card. This paragraph includes not only the deliberate desire of the defender to knock down the attacking player, but also the intentional use of the hands to hit the ball flying into the goal.
The second is yellow. In football, receiving a second yellow card means that the player must retire from the field. Thus, if a player commits two violations of pulling on yellow mustard plasters, then after showing the second yellow, the referee shows the offender a red one.

Interesting fact! The record for the number of red cards in the World Cup belongs to the match of the 1/8 finals (World Cup 2006) Portugal - the Netherlands, which was served by Russian Valentin Ivanov and showed 16 yellow and 4 red cards.

Receiving two yellow or direct red cards means missing the next game for the player. In matches of the World Cup and other famous tournaments of the planet, if a player received a yellow card in one match and also a yellow one in the next, then he automatically receives a disqualification for the next match.

In matches English Premier League, Spanish La Liga and other championships, a direct red card can mean for a player a suspension not for one, but for several matches. It all depends on the type of violation, and the decision of the disciplinary committee or the relevant body.

Also in football, the referee has the right to remove not only players running on the field, but also substitutes, and even coaches.

There is also a green card in football

In 2016, the referee showed the first green card in the history of football. This happened in the Serie B Italian championship. A card of this color did not mean a punishment, but on the contrary, it was shown when a player did something good, for example, in a controversial situation, he admitted that the ball went out of bounds from him. The green card is like a symbol of fair play.

A second version of the green card designation was also recorded. At the CONFIFA tournament in London, the "Green Card" was also used for non-FIFA teams. It was used as a disciplinary measure, along with yellow and red cards, and meant that the player needed to leave the field immediately, but he could be replaced if the team did not use all the substitutions. Football players who received a green card were not suspended from the next match of their team.

The most famous red card in football history

In the final of the 2006 World Cup, the teams of Italy and France met. Already in the 7th minute of the match, Marco Materazzi fouled in his penalty area and the referee awarded a penalty. The captain of the “tricolors” Zinedine Zidane cold-bloodedly performed a 11-meter kick, breaking through with a “panenka”. 1:0 in favor of France, but already in the 19th minute of the game, Marco Materazzi closes the canopy of Andrea Pirlo and equalizes the score.

With 10 minutes left in extra time and the penalty shoot-out approaching, Zidane and Materazzi were seen in a verbal altercation, after which the French No. 10 headbutted the Italian center back in the chest. The main referee did not notice this incident, but the fourth referee informed him of what had happened and he showed a direct red card to Zidane. It was a provocation and Materazzi later admitted it himself. In that dialogue, the Italian insulted his sister Zizu, who did not tolerate this and decided to punish Materazzi right on the field powerful blow heads.

In all sports games a set of rules for the conduct of participants during competitions was agreed upon, and football is no exception.

football game- a dynamic, gambling and traumatic sport.

After all, even an accidental blow with a studded part of the boot on an opponent can disable a player for up to several weeks, as well as the consequences of an intentionally inflicted injury.

Therefore, here it is necessary to observe the principles of sports behavior.

A bit of history about the appearance and meaning of yellow and red cards

To regulate the behavior of the players, the referee has special multi-colored cards in his arsenal. Every color means misconduct committed by the participant.

Yellow is a warning.
Red color - disqualification.

Where did the cards come from, and why in a football game?

British referee Ken Aston was the first to propose the idea of using cards on the football field. But, his practical initiative went unnoticed until one incident in 1966.

In the quarter-finals, which took place in the Mundial between Argentina and England, the following story happened.

The Latin American player grossly violated the rules of football. German judge, who, of course, owned German, failed to explain to the player what the offense is. The captain of the Argentine national team had to leave the field, but did not understand why? Moreover, I did not understand for about 10 minutes.

Because of this, the match had to be stopped for a while in order to find out the circumstances of the incident and resolve the situation.

After such an absurd tragicomedy FIFA association appreciated the previously proposed option with cards. Now yellow and red squares are used to punish or remove a player who violates the rules and discipline of the competition.

Cards have been officially used since 1970.
FIFA introduced regulations with detailed guide for football players.
The regulation explains for what misconduct this or that degree of punishment threatens, and the cards themselves are made like a traffic light.

According to the rules, the main field referee shows the cards to the players, and no one else.

Yellow card

This is a punishment for such offenses as:

incorrect behavior of a football player during a match;
for an athlete entering the field without the permission of the referee;
for a willful decision to leave the field during the game process, without the consent of the referee;
for disputes with the referee due to frequent violations of the Gaming Code;
for red tape during a football match, which teams that have a score advantage like to abuse;
if a player violates the distance with various free kicks on the ball, the referee is often forced to present the so-called yellow card, that is, a yellow card;
for simulating a push or hit, the player can also earn a yellow square.

With the combination of two yellow warnings in one match, the offending player is disqualified until the end of the game. Moreover, the coach has no right to put up a replacement. That is, the team remains in the minority and is forced to give all the best in order not to lose or keep the advantage.

If a player receives one yellow card per match, then a second yellow card in the next game, he loses the right to participate in the next official game for your team. This alignment can be critical in the semi-finals and finals, if the player is very significant, and the coach does not have an equivalent replacement.

red card

Red color means removal before the end of the match without the right to substitute. In some cases, the disqualification extends for several official games.

The red card is assigned to:

for non-verbal violations of the rules with excessive aggression, for example, gesticulations and offensive words addressed to the players or the referee;
for gross interference with the opponent, which disrupted a possible goal, including by the goalkeeper - in this case, the goalkeeper is replaced by a field player until the end of the match, and the offending team plays out in the minority.
for hitting the opponent backhand with any part of the body, the referee has the right to remove the player for up to 4 matches.
for hitting the ball with a straight leg during the selection;
for pushing or attacking a player, during the entry of teams on the field, a brawler can deserve a disqualification of up to 3 matches.

When conducting international competitions rules for burning yellow cards before one half of the final and decisive game may apply.

For the future, FIFA plans to distribute yellow cards head coaches for incorrect behavior. It is also preparing other clarifications to the rules, which are still being tested in test mode.

The practice of using cards helped to reduce game stop time eliminates over-simulation and limits the aggression of opponents. Nevertheless, even a minute pause knocks down the intensity and entertainment of the match, much to the regret of the fans.