is an officially recognized sport, it is a philosophy of life. About the first component sports tourism Let's talk in detail today.
Sports tourism is a sport
An excerpt from the Competition Rules for Sports Tourism; sport code number 0840005411Я:
Sports - a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and on distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain.
Sports are divided into two large categories: the route (or "human" trips) and the distance (this is a competition in tourism technology, as they called it in the last century).
Sports trips (route) - this is where sports tourism began
So is it a sport or entertainment, recreation, as most people think? Let's take a closer look:
1. These are serious physical activities. As an example, I can cite my championship trip in 2007 in Koryaki and Chukotka: in 32 days our group covered 814.8 km (329.5 km on foot in a mountainous region, making 15 first ascents and 485.3 km of rafting on a sports catamaran); starting weight backpacks were prohibitive (except for food and kerosene, we “dragged” specialized mountain and water equipment for a month); every day they “plowed” on the route until 11 o’clock CST (net running time is the time of movement without taking into account halts, lunches, etc.). I understand perfectly well that it was an extra-class route, but even in simpler categorical hikes, physical activity is high. This marathon distances, which athletes do not overcome in 3-4 hours, as in athletics and days, weeks...
2. These are extreme emotional loads. A small group of people (all have their shortcomings) for a long time (from 6 days to a month or more) is in close psychological contact. In addition, great physical exertion, a strict daily routine, negative weather factors and high-altitude acclimatization, as well as almost constant hunger, have an effect. products must be “dragged” on oneself and therefore, for example, our norms in high-category hikes were 400 grams per day. Anyone who thinks that this is normal, I recommend sitting on such a diet, although without physical exertion.
3. High technical skill. First, it is work with special equipment. For example, mountain or water. Think it's easy? - sit in a sports kayak in the pool and just try to keep from overkill (turning over) for a few minutes, and now remember what an athlete-tourist does on a kayak in a mountain stream. Or put on crampons and walk a hundred meters on the ice of the lake without stumbling, and a hiker or mountaineer “runs” in crampons along steep glaciers. And there are a lot of such examples. In order not to become extreme, you need to professionally own special equipment. Secondly, this is orientation in difficult mountainous terrain. Now GPS navigators help, but it doesn’t happen like in a car, when the electronic mind “knows” the way, in the mountains a mistake can cost your life, and okay if it’s yours, it’s much worse if the life of a friend who believes and trusts you. Thirdly, this is route planning when you have never been in the area before, when you only have maps and descriptions of past trips (sometimes 10-20 years old).
And now answer the question of sports trips yourself - is it a sport or entertainment?
Competition (distance)
Competitions are also held on sports trips, but we will consider the second part of the sports, which I now call "distance". Currently, this section is trying to become independent, as orienteering "gone" in its time. Or how rock climbing "budded" from mountaineering. But as long as we're together.
Competitions in tourism appeared to teach and test complex technical elements in areas close to cities. Both before and now, competitions are short distances (from 500 m to 6 km), heavily saturated with technical obstacles (steep descents and ascents, hanging crossings, log crossings, etc.). This is a pure sport - minutes, seconds ... This is an interesting discipline in which its own "tricks" and chips have appeared.
Today we reviewed sports, as an official sport, in the future we will tell those who go on serious sports trips.
Have you seen these guys who rent cross-country shoes at the stadium in winter and rush to the climbing walls? Or are you thinking about whether to go hiking thoroughly? Maybe you're just wondering if tourism even counts as a sport? Then our article on sports tourism is for you.
What is sport tourism?
In the strict language of the Sports Tourism Federation and Wikipedia, this is a sport in which groups of tourists compete in overcoming natural obstacles. Sounds confusing! Simply put, a sports trip becomes when it has regulated difficulties (we’ll talk about them and categories a little later) and competition elements.
What's the benefit of all this? Why complicate your life when you can not strain and choose a simple route - you rightly ask. Firstly, for the passage of difficult paths, titles and ranks are awarded. The second is participation in group and individual competitions. Do not forget about the pleasure of realizing that "I could", feeling like a pioneer on difficult and less popular routes.
Did you know that instructor and mountain guide are also titles to be earned? Before having the right to lead a group of people, a person is trained and passes exams.
As a sport, tourism has been around for 70 years, with roots in post-war sports sections. The government actively encouraged such undertakings, circles and clubs grew and multiplied. There was a need for a minimum control of the safety of the trips and the conformity of the preparedness of the participants. There was a federation and its substructures - route-qualification commissions. It is the ICC that assess the complexity of the hike and give the group permission to go through it.
Types of sports tourism
The division by type has become conditional in recent years, as combined routes are popular. Still, remember that tourism happens:
- On foot - the most famous and affordable way travel. Preparation for it (with the exception of the highest category of complexity) is simple, does not require special equipment, as in mountaineering or water tourism. Walking tours are easy to combine with sightseeing.
- Mountain - a type of hiking at altitudes of more than 3000 m. On the way of a mountain tourist there are passes, ridges and large quantity areas of complex terrain. The older brother (very much older) of mountain hiking is mountaineering. Everything here is harsh and romantic, as in Vysotsky's songs - sudden changes in temperature, mountain peaks, teamwork skills. Climbers will need the skills of working with ropes, climbing, walking in a bundle.
- Aquatic - perhaps the most diverse of all species. On the rivers, lakes, seas travel on kayaks, catamarans, rafts, canoes, boats and even inflatable women! There was such a not very sporting, but fun event in the Leningrad region. Rafting can take place in calm water or be replete with rapids, rifts and other obstacles. Sailing tourism stands apart, which is half water and half "using vehicles" (thanks to Vicki for a powerful design).
- Skiing - possible in winter and consists in moving on snow and ice. It is characterized by a large mileage and the known possibility of a strong drop in air temperature.
- Speleo - these tourists are not afraid of confined spaces and bravely climb underground into natural and artificially created caves. The most seasoned professional speleologists explore "wild" unexplored caves and lay new routes.
- Bicycle, motorcycle, auto, equestrian - we will conditionally call it transport. It includes overcoming long distances on roads of different quality - from highways to rugged terrain. Instead of horses, there may be camels or dog teams, it depends on the natural conditions and the imagination of the organizers of the trip.
All types of tourism are available for both beginners and experienced craftsmen. To distinguish between routes by complexity and the required level of training, categories were invented.
Categories of difficulty
Initially, it was necessary to classify the paths according to the degrees of difficulty for the safety of tourists. Knowing the category and level of training of the group, the commission allowed or did not allow to pass the route.
Non-categorical hikes and PVD (weekend hike) also have their own degrees - from 1 to 3. The basic principles for ranking categorical hikes are collected in our table. In most sports tourism categories 6, in sailing- 5, and in the equestrian - 3.
*We didn't go crazy and decide to revise 2nd grade math. The numbers from 1 to 3 and the letters A and B indicate the category of passes. It is they, and not ridges or peaks, that are more often used when determining the complexity of a future route in a mountain tour. We will not bore you with details, we will only say that the easiest pass 1A is able to be passed by a beginner if he has suitable shoes and trekking poles. Passes above 2B require special mountaineering skills and a certain amount of adventurism in character!
How to get here?
Sports tourism is not at all a closed sect for the elite, anyone can come to it. The main condition, readiness for training and promotion physical form. Well, and adequacy, of course.
To take up tourism as a sport, go on category trips, look for clubs accredited by the Federation in your city. Alpine clubs are often created on the basis of universities and other educational institutions. Sport sections for children and adolescents operate at the centers of children's creativity and the Houses of Culture.
Be prepared that in order to join you will be asked to pass the standard for physical training and pay a membership fee. Outside of the hiking season, participants train at the base and arrange short weekend hikes. Particular attention is paid to endurance training, the ability to work in a team.
In addition, the club teaches:
- Provide first aid and evacuate the victim with improvised means.
- How to behave in extreme conditions.
- Choose a place and set up camp.
- Start and maintain a fire.
- Prepare meals on the go.
- Compose a menu-layout taking into account the length, complexity of the trip and the composition of the group.
- Work with ropes, organize railings and crossings.
- Focus on the area.
- Walk under a backpack for many kilometers (our favorite).
- Select, care for and repair personal equipment.
The first insignia that can be obtained for a sports and tourist club is the “Tourist of Russia” badge. Participation in competitions, successful completion of categorical routes, experience in organizing trips gives the right to qualify for a category from 3 to 1 in ascending order. Recognized athletes receive the title of "Candidate Master", "Master of Sports" or "Honored Master of Sports".
And yet, sports tourism is more than just ranks and badges. This is the spirit of true freedom, unity with nature, courage and camaraderie. We hope you already want to try it!
The article reveals the characteristic features of sports tourism as a specific type of tourism activity. A comparison is made of sports tourism as a type of tourism activity and sports tourism as a sport, a characteristic is given to both types of sports tourism.
ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF SPORTS TOURISM AS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF TOURIST ACTIVITY
Badalyants Sergey Viktorovich,
Don State Technical University
Associate Professor of the Department of Service, Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Rostov-on-Don, Russia,
E -mail: [email protected]
THE NATURE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS TOURISM AS A SPECIFIC FORM OF TOURIST ACTIVITIES
Badaliants Sergey Viktorovich,
Associate Professor of the Department of "Service, Tourism and Hospitality Industry" of the Don State Technical University,
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
ANNOTATION:
The article reveals the characteristic features of sports tourism as a specific type of tourism activity. A comparison is made of sports tourism as a type of tourism activity and sports tourism as a sport, a description is given of both types of sports tourism.
ABSTRACT:
T he article describes the characteristic features of sport tourism, as a specific type of tourist activity. A comparison of sport tourism as tourist activity and sports tourism as a sport, is a characteristic of both types of sports tourism.
Keywords: tourism, sports tourism, sports, competitions, Russian tourism.
key words: tourism, sports tourism, sport, events, Russian tourism.
Tourism as a diverse phenomenon includes a large number of forms and types. A large number of types of tourism creates great opportunities for the development of tourism activities in the country. The most important type of tourism is sports. The importance of developing this type of tourism activity is beyond doubt, since sports tourism solves two major tasks:
Contributes to meeting the needs of the population in tourism products;
Stimulates the development of sports, increase physical activity population and, as a result, improve the health of citizens.
Currently, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the definition of sports tourism. Different authors give different meanings to this category, while the existing definitions can be divided into two large groups:
Sports tourism as a sport
Sports tourism as a form of tourism activity.
Proponents of the first approach (for example, Birzhakov M.B., Kazakov N.P.) define sports tourism as a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks (in mountain tourism), rapids (in water tourism), canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial relief. The main feature of sports tourism as a sport is that it is focused primarily on athletes or people with good physical shape. The purpose of sports tourism as a sport is to overcome natural obstacles through the use of various tactics and techniques. Makarenko V.S. adheres to a similar point of view, defining the main task of sports tourism as providing an opportunity (during the entire tour) to engage in the chosen sport.
Proponents of the second approach (for example Safronov R.A. and Avagyan G.K.) give such a definition. Sports tourism is a type of tourism associated with physical activity and the organization of non-standard tours to exotic and environmentally friendly natural reservations and includes unusual travel, non-traditional vehicles. In our opinion, this definition is too narrow, since it does not include a large number of forms of sports tourism. In addition, sports tourism is not necessarily associated with tours to ecologically clean and exotic natural reservations. For example, one of the very popular types sports tourism - cycling can take place along the highway, through city blocks, etc.
In our opinion, according to the second approach, sports tourism is a form of tourism activity associated with the preparation and conduct of sports trips, visiting tourist places that involve a stable physical activity for the tourist, or attending sports entertainment events.
Based on this definition, the following two types of sports tourism can be distinguished as forms of tourism activities:
Active sports tourism, the main feature of which is a stable exercise stress for the tourist and his direct participation in a sporting event.
Passive sports tourism (sports and event tourism), associated with visiting sports events by a tourist.
In addition, the differences between sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, lie in the fact that when doing sports tourism, as a sport, high requirements are placed on physical training person. The only exceptions are some types of sports tourism, such as hiking, where such requirements are not always put forward. With sports tourism as a form of tourism activity, such high requirements are not imposed, since the main goal of sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, is precisely to get new impressions, as well as to maintain good physical shape. That is, the consumer of a tourist product in the field of sports tourism does not strive to achieve victory in any sports competition, he is more interested in new experiences, as well as his own physical form. In addition, for tourists attending sports events, the goal of maintaining physical fitness is not at all relevant when choosing a tourism product.
You can also highlight another important feature of sports tourism as a sport - this is competition. Competitiveness (competitiveness) is the most important feature sports activities. "A characteristic feature of sports activity is that competitive wrestling is presented in it in the purest form" . If we turn to the definitions of the concept of "sport", then in almost any of them there will be a corresponding indication: "Competition is one of the main and integral features of sports activities or" A characteristic feature of sports is that it is inconceivable without competitions and competitions, etc. d. and so on. In this case, indeed, sport can be interpreted as a proper competitive activity, a specific form of which is the competition system. A system that has historically developed mainly in the field of physical culture of society as a special area for identifying and unified comparison of human capabilities.
For sports tourism, as a type of tourism activity, competitiveness is not a defining feature, it may be absent altogether. Sports tourism involves overcoming hiking, cycling, skiing and other routes, while their goal is to get new experiences, and not to win in a certain competition. Tours can take place in one team, or they can be carried out by one person, while the tourist in this case does not compete with anyone, and the goal of overcoming the tourist route in a certain time will not be decisive either.
The competitive nature of sports tourism, as a sport, predetermines its rather risky nature. So Ovchinnikov Yu.D. and Talyzov S.N. quite rightly note that "engaging in sports tourism as a complex sport carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation" .
Many types of sports tourism are extreme, and therefore the level of risks increases significantly. Extreme tourism, which is singled out by many researchers as an independent form of tourism, is not so much entertaining as a “test” journey: tourists are rather busy with self-knowledge and self-affirmation.
Sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, in turn, carries fewer risks, which are associated with a lower value or no competition at all when passing tourist routes. In turn, passive sports tourism does not carry the risk of injury at all, since it consists in passive observation of sports events.
Thus, we can distinguish the following differences between sports tourism as a sport and as a form of tourism activity.
Table 1. Comparative characteristics of sports tourism as a sport and as a specific type of tourism
|
signs |
Sports tourism as a sport |
Sports tourism as a specific type of tourism |
|
Subject's participation in a sporting event |
Direct participation |
Both direct participation and participation as a spectator at a sporting event are possible |
|
competitiveness |
Adversarial nature |
May be adversarial or non-adversarial |
|
primary goal |
overcoming natural obstacles through the use of various tactics and techniques. |
obtaining new impressions and maintaining the physical form of a tourist (for active sports tourism) |
|
Physical fitness requirements |
High (for active sports tourism) and no requirements (for passive sports tourism) |
|
|
Injury hazard |
High (for active sports tourism) and low (for passive sports tourism) |
Thus, the analysis testifies to the qualitative differences between sports tourism as a sport and sports tourism as a specific type of tourism. Understanding the data is very important for the development of sports tourism as a form of tourism activity in the country, since this type of tourism has a huge potential. Holding major international sports competitions in Russia, such as the 2014 Winter Olympics, Summer Universiade in Kazan in 2013, the upcoming 2018 FIFA World Cup provide a surge of public interest in sports in general and sports tourism in particular. Using this interest to promote sports, healthy lifestyle life, as well as the development of sports tourism in the country should become one of the main tasks of the state.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Badalyants S.V. Prospects for the development of rural tourism in Rostov region// In the collection: Modern concepts of the development of science Collection of proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Managing editor: Sukiasyan Asatur Albertovich. 2015. S. 106-109.
Badalyants S.V. Rural tourism as a factor in the development of rural areas in the region//Rostov scientific journal. 2017. No. 7. S. 47-54.
Birzhakov M.B., Kazakov N.P. Tourism safety. - St. Petersburg: Gerd Publishing House, 2008. - 208 p.
Visit N.N. social nature modern sports. - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1979. - 84 p.
Makarenko V.S., Sobodyr A.V. The specifics of the development of sports tourism in the Rostov region//Fundamental and applied Scientific research. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference. Managing editor A.A. Zaraisky. 2017. S. 116-119.
Matveev L.P. Generalizing theory of physical culture at the current stage of its formation // Theory and practice of physical culture. - 2009. - No. 9. - P. 16-17.
Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Sports tourism as a kind of sport and a form of activity / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov, S. N. Talyzov // Physical Culture. Sport. Tourism. Motor recreation. -2017. - T. 2, No. 2. - S. 117-120.
Safronov R.A., Avagyan G.K. Sports tourism as a specific type of tourism// Innovative economy and modern management. 2015. No. 3 (4). - P. 44-48.
One of the most dynamic and active species sport is sports tourism, training for which takes place in a natural environment. Its meaning is to overcome the obstacles created by nature itself. The routes of athletes can run through caves, passes, mountain peaks, water rapids, canyons and through artificial reliefs.
More than one generation of people has been involved in sports tourism in Russia. Thanks to them, this sport is constantly developing and improving. Being engaged in sports tourism, athletes are constantly in a special atmosphere that encourages them not to stop at the achieved results.
Sports tourism began its existence in the middle of the 20th century, and in 1949 it was included in the Unified All-Union Classification. The first competitions were held in 1970 dedicated to a hiking trip. This travel site tells a lot about sports tourism.
Many sports tourism enthusiasts are members of non-profit clubs. But they can also be done on their own. Sports tourism has been assigned the state number 0840005411Я, which indicates its inclusion in the All-Russian Register of Sports.
Sports tourism is divided into several independent types, which are listed below.
Cycling tourism;
Tourism related to cars and motorcycles;
Water tourism, which is divided into separate categories;
Equestrian tourism;
Sailing tourism;
Tourism associated with the passage of routes on skis;
Hiking;
Alpine tourism;
Combined tourism;
Speleotourism.
Sports tourism can be practiced by people of all ages. This is how competitions are held in the children's, youth and adult age categories.
Family sports tourism is very popular. This type sport is of great interest among people with disabilities.
Sports tourism has several areas that are constantly evolving, for example:
Group and solo travel;
Of the types of sports trips, short routes are popular;
distance discipline;
Extreme tourism;
Passing routes on artificial terrain indoors.
Sports tourism has a different degree of difficulty, which depends on the area of the hike, the age of the participants (hikes for children and youth groups have up to three degrees of difficulty), on the type of obstacles and many other factors. Moreover, each direction of this sport is divided into several categories. So, for example, skiing and cycling tourism is divided into six categories of difficulty, and the equestrian has three.
Each athlete can apply for the assignment to him of any category of the category, which indicates the level of his skill. In sports tourism, you can get a rank from the third youth to the master of sports of international class.
Compulsory competitions are held in each direction of sports tourism, which are divided into classes and social and age types.
FEDERAL AGENCY OF MARINE AND RIVER TRANSPORT
Federal State Educational Institution
higher professional education
"St. Petersburg State University of Water Communications"
Faculty of Humanities
Department of International Business, Management and Tourism
Course work:
Sports tourism
Completed:
4th year student
group EU-42
Kuznetsova N.N.
Checked:
Divina N.A
Saint Petersburg
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3
1.1 History of sports tourism……………………………………………...4 1.2 Types of sports tourism……………………………………………………6 tourism……………..……………………………...7 1.4 Types of movement in tourism……………………………………………..9
2. Classification of routes………………………………………….……10
3. Ranks in sports tourism……………………………………....…...10
4. Tourist and sports events………………………………………....11
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...13
Bibliographic list…………………………………………………....14
Introduction
Sports tourism is an independent and socially oriented sphere, a lifestyle of a significant stratum of society; effective remedy spiritual and physical development personality, education of respect for nature, mutual understanding and mutual respect between peoples and nations; a form of "people's diplomacy" based on a real acquaintance with the life, history, culture, customs of peoples, the most democratic type of recreation, characterized by a specific form of folk art, a free choice of the form of own activity of all socio-demographic groups of the population, starting with children preschool age ending with retirees.
Sports tourism in Russia is national view sport with a long tradition. It includes not only the sports component, but also a special spiritual sphere, and the way of life of the wanderers themselves. Non-commercial tourist clubs (“tour clubs”) are still the centers for the development of sports tourism, although many tourists are engaged in it on their own.
The sport "Sports tourism" is included in the All-Russian register of sports under the number 0840005411Я (2006-2009).
1.1 History of sports tourism
Sports tourism is a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks (in mountain tourism), rapids (in water tourism), canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial relief.
Sports tourism in the USSR, as a sport, is included in the Unified All-Union sports classification in 1949. When assigned sports categories and the title of master of sports, the number and complexity of completed trips, as well as the experience of independently managing them, are taken into account. Difficulty is determined by the duration and length of the routes, the number and variety of natural obstacles. Multi-day trips (walking, skiing, water, mountain, cycling, automobile, on motorcycles and mopeds) are carried out along routes of 5 categories of difficulty. Routes increased complexity, especially the 4th-5th categories, require good general physical and special training. Camping trips are carried out, as a rule, with the assistance of sports and tourist clubs, councils of sports societies, physical education teams. As a means of year-round training of tourists, the so-called. weekend hikes and competitions in types of tourist equipment (for some, all-Union competitions are held).
The procedure for the formation of tourist groups, the rights and obligations of their participants and leaders, paperwork, development and preparation of routes, etc. are regulated by the "Rules for organizing and conducting amateur tourist trips and trips on the territory of the USSR" (approved by the Central Council for Tourism and Excursions of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in 1972).
Sports tourism is the preparation and conduct of sports trips with the aim of overcoming the vast expanse of wild nature on skis (ski tourism), by means of rafting (water tourism) or on foot in the mountains (mountain tourism). The sports trip is carried out by an autonomous group of 6-10 people. It happens that travelers do not meet any traces of civilization for a month. To complete the route, one must not only be strong, agile, courageous and stubborn, but also possess a wide range of special knowledge from the technique of overcoming obstacles to human physiology in extreme conditions. Unlike conventional travel, sports travel includes a set of natural obstacles classified by difficulty. As a rule, in mountain and ski tourism such obstacles are mountain peaks and passes, and in water tourism - river rapids. Classified obstacles form the basis of the methodology for comparing trips by their difficulty. It's like grading the difficulty of gymnastics programs or figure skating. The most difficult trips performed with brilliance are nominated for the championship of Moscow and the championship of Russia.
The organization and conduct of sports trips are subject to the Rules approved by the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia. These Rules accumulate the experience of many generations of travelers. Therefore, when they are carried out, the level of safety achieved in sports tourism is guaranteed. This is controlled by the system of route qualification commissions (MCC). In particular, the ICC checks the readiness of the group to enter the route and the compliance of the experience of the participants of the trip with its complexity. In accordance with the Rules, sports trips can have six categories of complexity (c.s.). If the travels of the first k.s. feasible for beginners, then travel sixth k.s. extreme even for the strongest and most experienced travelers. Indeed, mountain “sixes” in some areas can include climbing to peaks over 7000 m high, ski “sixes” are hundreds and hundreds of kilometers of travel in forty-degree frost along endless Siberian ridges, water “sixes” are breathtaking rafting along the frenzied rivers of Altai and the Middle Asia.
The system of sports tourism, created over decades, limits the initiative of travelers to a minimum. Currently, a sports trip can be arranged to anywhere in the world, and everyone can become a team leader, as long as he has experience of participating in a trip of the same category of complexity and experience of leading a trip that is one category easier. The remaining members of the team must have experience of participating in a simpler (one category) trip. In addition to this basic principle, the Rules provide for exceptions to better take into account the actual experience of travelers (for example, mountaineering experience or experience in other types of sports tourism). The master level in sports tourism is associated with the leadership in travel of the highest (5th and 6th) categories of complexity. Therefore, making two trips a year, a gifted athlete reaches this level in 5-6 years.
1.2 Types of sports tourism
We can name the following forms of sports tourism, depending on its organization: sports tourism can be individual and mass.
Individual (custom) tours are tours that are formed at will and with the direct participation of the tourist. He is offered a choice of different service options for each type of service in the proposed place of rest. The services chosen by the tourist are formed into the tour program. Typically, such orders are formed in agencies and then come to the tour operator for implementation. The main advantage of individual trips is that they allow you to visit anywhere in the world and, even in classical Europe, find an original route. After all, such a product is created according to the requirements of each individual tourist.
Group tours involve the sale of a pre-planned standard set of services, focused on a certain type of holiday, as well as on the social class of tourists and their age, and sold to tourists in one package. The peculiarities of preparing and conducting this type of tour (a single program for all, strictly linked to the timing and schedule of the trip) do not allow making any changes to the composition of the services offered, so the tourist can either buy it entirely or refuse to purchase it altogether. This type of comprehensive service is called package tours (from the English package tour - package tour). Ready package tours allow tour operators to use special rates, and their cost is usually lower than the cumulative retail prices for the individual services included in the package.
1.3 Forms of sports tourism
It is customary to distinguish forms of tourism depending on the origin of tourists, on the length of stay, on the age of travelers, and on the time of year.
1. Forms of tourism depending on the origin of tourists. Depending on the origin of travelers, tourism is divided into internal (travel within the Russian Federation by persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation); and international (travels for tourism purposes outside the country of permanent residence. This is a travel system carried out on the basis of international agreements, taking into account existing international customs).
