One of the most rewarding activities is sports. Some do it because they want to look good, others because they like the boost of energy that sports give them. But there are those who go in for extreme sports to get a good dose of adrenaline. Not everyone dares to do this sport, as it is quite dangerous. In this rating, we will talk about the most extreme and dangerous sports.

11

This is a young, rapidly gaining popularity sport, the basis of which is movement under the action of the traction force developed by a kite held and controlled by an athlete. This is a very fashionable and dynamic, spectacular and rather extreme sport. With the help of the wind, the kite tows you where you want, not the wind. For kitesurfing, any place with wind towards the shore is suitable. A large open body of water and a comfortable place to take off and land a kite are very important. Many people are engaged in kitesurfing along the coast of the ocean, as well as on large lakes and rivers. It all depends on the level of the surfer and his place of residence.

10

It is the art of moving and overcoming obstacles, a discipline based on a simple philosophy: there are no boundaries, only obstacles. Many practitioners perceive it as a lifestyle. It is currently being actively practiced and developed in many countries. The essence of parkour is the movement and overcoming of various obstacles, both existing architectural structures such as railings, parapets, walls, etc., and specially made structures. A person who does parkour is called a tracer. People who have been doing parkour for a long time do it beautifully and clearly, but sometimes beginners cannot do without abrasions, bruises and fractures.

9

Downhill skiing on a long skateboard in the prone position appeared in Southern California in the 70s of the last century. Over time, the organizers of the races have become more serious about safety, track regulation and equipment requirements. Street lagging rules are now regulated by several racing associations, and the sport itself is included in the demonstration program of the summer X-Games. In total, there are about 1200 active riders in the world, but it can be assumed that there are many more of them and not all of them live according to the rules of official organizations.

Of the safety equipment, riders only have a helmet, elbow and knee pads, gloves and sports suit. This is quite a bit, considering that it is difficult to force a skateboard that has accelerated to slow down quickly. In street lagging, riders slow down on any objects that get in their way - walls, cars, stones and trees. Obviously, only the luckiest riders don't get hurt with this way of stopping!

8

This is a time rafting on mountain rivers with the passage of natural and artificial obstacles on special 6-, 4- and 2-seater inflatable boats. Rafting is a team sport and each participant performs certain functions during the rafting, and the crew as a whole follows the instructions of the leader-captain. As a sport, it was included in the All-Russian Register of Sports in 2003. Rafting is a commercial type of rafting, which means that no previous experience is required to participate in the rafting. It is also quite a dangerous sport, especially when it comes to routes of the 3rd and higher category of difficulty. The main dangers are: overcoming powerful rapids and waterfalls, falling into rubble and underwater pockets, getting injured, hypothermia, remoteness from civilization and, as a rule, lack of communication with rescue services.

7

Diving with special equipment that provides an autonomous supply of air for breathing under water from several minutes to 12 or more hours, depending on the depth, type of breathing apparatus and consumption of the gas mixture by the diver. There are 3 types of diving: recreational diving - diving for recreation and pleasure, professional diving and sport diving. To be a scuba diver, you need to have a set of skills to deal with the vast majority of diving problems. These skills and knowledge are acquired during the training process and are confirmed by a certificate from one of the diving associations. Diving is always associated with a danger to life and health. Main hazards: drowning, decompression sickness, barotrauma, gas poisoning and oxygen depletion or technical breakdown.

6

Bull Taming or Rodeo is a cowboy sport involving bull taming wild horse, riding bareback on a horse, catching a bull with a lasso, fighting a wild bull and taming it with a lasso, riding a wild bull. Distributed in the USA, Canada and Australia. The cowboy must not only stay on horseback for 8 seconds, but also show the potential of the animal by spurring it. No other sport can be as dangerous in terms of bodily injury as bull rodeo. Here is a complete set for medical research: sprains and ruptures of muscles and ligaments, fractures of various degrees of severity, blows, etc. The rider takes a risk every time he mounts a bull.

5

A type of technical diving done in caves where the so-called overhead environment exists. In fact, this is the same diving, only in underwater caves. It is a very dangerous sport and places extremely high demands on the skills of the swimmer, the reliability of the equipment and the configuration of the equipment. The main danger of cave diving is that it is difficult or impossible to make an emergency ascent. But there are other dangers as well. The risk of getting lost or not calculating the air supply - therefore the air reserve. There is always a chance of being left without artificial light, so you need to be able to swim and navigate in complete darkness. There is a danger of damaging the equipment by hitting a wall or ceiling. A large amount of silt can obstruct visibility for a long time, and just like in the dark, you have to look for a way out blindly.

4

Paragliding is paragliding using the lift force of ascending air currents. Such currents arise due to wind and terrain, for example, when the wind blows towards a mountain or when there is an updraft of heated air. A steam glider is a simple system of a fabric wing, ropes and a system. The movement is carried out due to the special shape of the wing of the steam plane, into which air is drawn, due to which it is picked up by the wind and carried in any direction. Paragliding is a rather dangerous, but very fashionable kind of aviation extreme sport.

The athlete is required not only to be in good physical shape, but also to have a good knowledge of physics, the atmosphere, the behavior of air flows, etc. As a rule, the flight begins at the top of mountains, hills or rocks, where a powerful air flow rushes up at high speed, skirting the top. The pilot should not be either an alarmist or a scorcher. It's the same with risk - smart calculation is always better. And not only for the pilot himself. After all, he is not alone in the sky and, risking himself, can create a dangerous situation for other paragliders.

3

top three extreme species sport opens mountaineering - climbing to the top of the mountains. Sports Essence mountaineering is to overcome the obstacles created by nature on the way to the top. In sports competitions in mountaineering, the object of the competition is the height of the peak, the technical complexity of the route traveled, its nature and length. When passing mountainous terrain and glaciers, there is a danger of falling, dislocations, fractures, avalanches and other dangerous situations that can happen even if safety precautions and all mountaineering rules are observed.

2

A kind of alpine skiing, freeride, the essence of which is to descend along untouched snowy slopes, far from prepared tracks, with an ascent to the beginning of the descent by helicopter. Using a helicopter for ascent allows you to find various options for descending from the mountains in the conditions of pristine, untouched nature, where there is no other way to quickly climb. Depending on the type of helicopter, its carrying capacity, there may be several people in a group of skiers. The group is usually accompanied by a guide, well knowledgeable down one slope or another. Where there are mountains, there is always risk and danger. To practice heli-skiing, skiers must have a good command of the technique of descending on virgin lands on slopes of various steepness. To ensure safety, each skier must have an avalanche beacon, an avalanche probe, a shovel and other necessary equipment to quickly search for people in an avalanche, because. there is a risk of falling into an avalanche.

1

The most extreme and dangerous sport that uses a special parachute for jumping from fixed objects. Base jumping is considered the most dangerous type of skydiving and is currently considered as an extremely extreme sport. The height from which the base jumper jumps can be from 40 to 1000 meters, while ordinary skydivers jump from a height of at least 1000 meters. The lower the object, the higher the jumper's mastery is, and the more dangerous jump. Another difficulty of this particular sport is that you need to open the parachute in just a few seconds at the very beginning of the jump.

For base jumping, specially designed parachutes are used, which are significantly different from ordinary ones. They do not have a reserve parachute, since it will not be useful at such a low altitude, and there are no belay devices. The difficulty in base jumping lies in the fact that landing usually occurs on limited surfaces, and therefore requires a lot of experience from the base jumper piloting a parachute. Attempts to base jump independently without the proper equipment and skills usually result in severe injury or death.

Aggression is too common in modern life.
Physical inactivity, the accumulation of negativity begin to corrode a person from the inside. Often this ends with heart disease, nervous breakdowns, dissatisfaction with oneself, people around and life.
To get rid of such a state, to find new emotions, many begin to look for activities associated with risk, extreme sports, with an injection of adrenaline and a surge of emotions.
Today there are many opportunities to take reasonable risks, to know oneself, to discover talents hidden deep in a person. It is the sport associated with risk that enables a person to discharge the accumulated negative energy, to relieve aggression.
Extreme sports are directly related to risk. This is an increased traumatism, even a threat to life, this is a voluntary consent to be exposed to mortal danger. Members of these species consciously perform those actions that others completely reject.

But extreme sports have many positive aspects:
- a person, doing extreme sports, gains faith in himself, which has positive effect on different areas of activity, on work and family relationships;
- self-esteem increases, the possibility of self-realization increases, complexes and fears are overcome, which gives a feeling of freedom and confidence;
- this sport helps a person to overcome negative emotions, teaches to concentrate in different life situations, self-discipline;
- makes it possible to rethink values, overcome stereotypes, change opinions about others, awakens interest in life.
Extreme sports are characterized by high speeds, depths, heights. In order for the athlete not to be injured, serious physical and psychological readiness is needed.

Eat negative side in extreme sports:
- dependence on extreme sports is akin to a drug addiction, that is, it becomes necessary to increase the dose of adrenaline;
- going in for extreme sports, a person no longer knows how to have fun in another way;
- plunging into extreme sensations, a person can escape from reality, preferring only sports;
- these sports are associated with nervous exhaustion due to constant adrenaline;
- load on cardiovascular system disrupt the vestibular apparatus over time.

The most popular types of extreme sports.
1) Diving is the most popular sport. Combining sports and passion, it attracts people of various interests and different levels physical training. This dive into water world with special equipment, scuba gear, in order to study the underwater world.
2) Surfing - balancing on a special board on a big wave. Quite an ancient sport.
3) Parkour - the art of moving around with overcoming difficult obstacles.
4) Snowboarding is one of the most popular spectacular extreme sports associated with descending the snowy slopes of a mountain on a board using acrobatic stunts.
5) Climbing - climbing on rocks or a climbing wall without insurance.
6) Kayaking - rafting on difficult rapids, difficult currents, sections of the river on long narrow boats.
Parachuting, mountain climbing, winter swimming and others can also be called extreme sports. Engaging in extreme sports is a vocation, it is character, it is the will and the ability to take reasonable risks, getting strong emotions and unusual relaxation.

Extreme is a special impulse of the soul and body to throw out as much adrenaline and emotions as possible. Extreme - a state of "on the verge", it is a simultaneous outburst of positive and negative emotions, awareness of one's own greatness and powerlessness.
Extreme people are people who are ready to risk their own (and not only their own) lives all day long. These are those who clearly understand what they are risking, but, nevertheless, are constantly on the verge, filling their lives with fresh bright colors.

Philosophy of extreme
The philosophy of extreme is ambiguous. For many, it is about getting the ultimate thrill, balancing on the verge of life and death. There are also people for whom extreme sports are an opportunity to constantly maintain a heightened sense of life. Extreme athletes usually differ in such characteristics as courage, strong willpower, excellent physical shape (despite the abundance of injuries).

Extreme and sports
Some modern sports that have been promoted in the world since the 50s of the 20th century have gradually come to be called extreme. These sports include: BMX, trial, skateboarding, snowboarding, skydiving, rock climbing. Extreme sports are born every day. They are characterized by a high degree of danger to the life and health of the athlete, a large number of acrobatic stunts, high level adrenaline, which is released from the athlete during sports.

extreme sports
Aquabike - racing on jet skis.
Base jumping - skydiving from fixed objects.
Wakeboarding - riding on water skiing with tricks.
Bicycle Moto eXtreme (BMX) - performing tricks or cross-country on special bikes.
Alpine skiing - descent from the mountains on special skis.
Kitesurfing - movement on the surface of the water under the action of the traction force developed by the kite held and controlled by the athlete.
Canyoning - overcoming river canyons without the help of floating facilities.
Kayaking.
Mountainboarding.
Mountain biking - descent from the mountain on a special bike.
Paragliding - flying on a paraglider using the energy of ascending air currents.
Parkour - overcoming obstacles of a different nature without the use of additional means.
Rafting is rafting on a special kind of inflatable boat.
Surfing - riding a wave using surfboards or short fins and special gloves.
Power Extreme.
Climbing - climbing on natural or artificial terrain.
Skateboarding - performing tricks on a skateboard.
Snowboarding - descent from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special snowboard equipment.
Trial - sports involving overcoming obstacles on a bicycle, motorcycle or truck.
Freeboarding - descent from asphalted slopes on a special freeboard projectile.
Extreme roller skating (Agressive inline skating)

It is known that when people engage in extreme sports, a large amount of adrenaline is released.
Adrenaline (epinephrine) (L-1 (3,4-Dioxyphenyl) -2-methylaminoethanol) is the main hormone of the adrenal medulla, as well as a neurotransmitter. According to the chemical structure, it is a catecholamine. Adrenaline is found in various organs and tissues; it is formed in significant quantities in chromaffin tissue, especially in the adrenal medulla.

INTRODUCTION

Tourism is life in all its diversity, concentrated on a short period of time, characterized by a certain goal setting and method of implementation.

Extreme tourism is a sport of courageous people, overcoming difficulties, people prove how inexhaustible human capabilities are. Extreme tempers the character of a person.

Many organizations are involved in tourism, but they do not prepare people for extreme situations. Extreme tourism is like a doctrine of survival, the main thing is not just to know how to behave in a given situation, but also to be able to do it, because when there is a risk, it is too late to start learning something.

Extreme tourism is the top of all tourism. When a person has already achieved a lot in overcoming the obstacles that lie in wait on the passes and rifts, then immediately there is a feeling that something is missing and this means that the time has finally come to cross the line.

Extreme is not a sport, it is a pleasure and an interesting pastime. Adventure tourism is a way of life! This is what I will try to prove in my work.

1. Basic concepts and definitions

Extreme tourism is a promising direction in the field of recreation and entertainment. Since about the 2000s, many people, especially those living in economically developed countries, lack the thrill. A person, having arranged his life, having protected himself from natural disasters, begins to understand that he lacks adrenaline.

First of all, you need to consider the concept of "extreme".

There is no specific definition of what exactly should be considered an extreme sport or tourism. There are various types of professional activities or entertainment associated with great risks to health and life in general. But what is extreme for some people may be work for others.

The same route can be very extreme for a person who is just starting to do it and a very easy walk for a trained tourist or athlete.

A sedentary lifestyle of a modern, especially an urban person who does not regularly go in for sports or just physical activity, leads to the fact that a person absolutely cannot bear any load. Strange as it may sound, but the ever faster pace of society leads to a less mobile way of life for its members. Man lacks physical activity and movement. It follows from this that for such tourists the usual 5-kilometer hike with a light backpack or climbing a hill 300 m high becomes a serious test. Even any tourist trip of IV-V category of difficulty, according to many experts, is already considered extreme. Difficulty category in extreme and sports tourism is determined by the duration of the trip in days (for category IV, at least 13 and for V, at least 16 days) and the length in kilometers. The minimum distance is determined for mountain hikes (IV category - 150 km, V - 160 km). For walking trips, this figure is determined at 220-250 km, skiing - 250-300 km, water - 225-250 km, cycling - 800-1100 km, motorcycle - 3200-4000 km, car - 4500-5000 km. Therefore, the concept of "extreme tourism" is very relative.

In this regard, many adventure tourism companies introduce their own categories of routes.

Now many new exotic terms have appeared in the tourism industry: “trekking”, “rafting”, “jeeping or jeep safari”, “diving”, etc. However, upon closer examination, these are the same old types of pedestrian, water, automobile, underwater and other tourism.

Of course, new technologies, materials and equipment have made it possible for traditional tourist destinations to move to a qualitatively new level. In addition, in connection with the general democratization and the acceleration of the exchange of information in the world, the number of regions open for visiting and studying has increased dramatically. Thanks to the active research activities of scientists and enthusiasts, hundreds of new amazing objects of nature, history and culture are discovered annually in the world. It should be noted that the opinion that almost all corners of the planet Earth have been examined and there is nothing special to discover is greatly exaggerated. Until now, in many places (and not necessarily very remote and inaccessible from the centers of world civilization), the human foot has not yet set foot.

Along with the traditional ways of active recreation and entertainment, over the past few decades, many completely new, and even exotic options for using free time have appeared in the tourism industry.

Some of them, such as kiting, have arisen on the basis of a combination of other types of extreme sports and combine water-air or air-land entertainment. Others, such as water skiing or space tourism, are completely new.

An innovative direction in extreme tourism is also theatrical entertainment (“military tourism”, travel in the style of “Indiana Jones”, etc.), as well as historical and research (archaeological, geological, paleontological, ornithological, etc.) types of tourism.

Very widespread at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries. received ecological tourism, which is very often associated with extreme sports.

Russia is one of the few countries on the planet that have preserved their natural wealth by the beginning of the 3rd millennium. Its potential for the development of ecological (including extreme) areas is enormous. In recent years, a large number of state nature reserves and national parks have been created in Russia - at present their number has exceeded 130. Many of them offer a wide variety of tourist products and services, including those for lovers of "sharp" emotional impressions. Some of the most famous are the national parks "Pillars" (Krasnoyarsk region), "Elk Island", "Yugyd-Va", Vodlozersky, Kenozersky and others.

Currently, there is no established classification of types of extreme tourism and entertainment. As already mentioned, this is due to the relativity of the extreme. Therefore, the classification below should be considered as a generalized one, characterized by the main definitions of tourism.

2. Classification of types of extreme tourism

2.1. Water sports of extreme tourism

Particularly popular among aquatic species extreme tourism enjoys diving.

Diving is one of the most extreme sports. It is very dangerous, but at the same time surprisingly fascinating. In Russia, after perestroika, diving became widespread. In the 90s, the first diving clubs appeared. By 2001, in our country, the number of divers who received a diver's certificate was about 15 thousand.

But compared to other countries, diving in Russia is very poorly developed and expensive, so most tourists prefer to do it abroad. For example, in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt or in Southeast Asia and other countries.

Wakeboarding - is a combination of water skis,

snowboarding, skateboarding and surfing. The boat moves at a speed of 30-40 km / h with additional ballast on board. The boat leaves behind a wave, which the raider uses as a springboard. Jumping from the so-called springboard, the raider can perform various tricks. Just like diving, wakeboarding began to develop in the 90s. Wakeboarding requires a specialized boat, which is very expensive, so in Russia it is underdeveloped due to its high cost.

Water skiing - one of the most famous types of outdoor activities. This type of extreme tourism was born in America when an American decided to experience ordinary winter skiing on the water. After that, this sport began to progress constantly. Now it has become so spectacular and popular that in 1998 the Olympic Committee even advised to introduce water skiing into the program of the Athens Olympics in 2004. True, the IOC did not make a final decision on this issue. Now water skiing in Russia is practiced perhaps only on the Black sea. True, it will be quite difficult for an ordinary tourist to fully enjoy water skiing, or rather very expensive ... Windsurfing - it is an oval carbon fiber board with a rough surface for stability, with stabilizer fins on the underside and a small sail attached to the board. Windsurfing originated from surfing. The surfer is helped to move on the surface of the water by the force of the movement of the wave, and the windsurfer is by the force of the wind. With a good wind, you can reach speeds of up to 10-12m/s, and the record for today is acceleration to 70m/s. Kayaking- very popular abroad and slowly gaining popularity in Russia. There are three main directions in kayaking - rowing slalom, rodeo and rafting. Slalom kayaking is the ability to maneuver, feel and feel the boat and the water. Rodeo, unlike slalom, is also an element of the game. Freestyle kayak is the performance of certain tricks on a boat due to the various reliefs of the river. During the rafting, you can go kayaking along the rivers of any complexity, or you can choose some mountain river and conduct game rafting. You can choose individual obstacles in the form of shafts and waterfalls. And in order to feel confident, you need to have the skills of slalom and rodeo techniques. kitesurfing it's a surfboard with a kite attached to it. This board allows you to feel the power of the wind and the sliding of the board on the water. With the help of the wind, kitesurfing will lead where the tourist wants, not the wind. This type of extreme tourism can be practiced in almost all beach resorts in Russia. Rafting - this is a descent along a mountain river on special rafts or canoes. Rafting is one of the most visited tours, completely safe even for the most young tourists. Rafting tours are carried out almost anywhere in the world. 2.2. Terrestrial types of extreme tourism Speleology. Judging by the fact that speleologists are people who free time go to the caves with huge backpacks, then this is tourism. But at the same time speleology is a science. Literally: "the science of caves", a section of geology, namely cartography and hydrogeology. And most importantly, the caves are the last white spots on the world map, the last opportunity to go where not only a human foot has not set foot, but also where the eyes of his eyes or cameras have not fallen. Speleologists are engaged in the study of this mysterious underground world. Spelestology - it is the science of artificial underground structures. Spelestology is closely related to speleology, only speleologists are not interested in caves. They are interested in penetrating into any underground city structures that are inaccessible or uninteresting to others. In order for any dungeon to be of interest to cavers, it must be unused at the present time and of some historical interest. These include abandoned quarries, mines, conduits, wells, underground passages, underground temples and monasteries, and so on. X-racing- this is when the same people are so well and universally prepared that they can climb rocks, ride a horse, raft in a kayak or raft along the rapids, rush through the mountains on a bicycle and go down the ropes under a waterfall ... These people unite in teams, and participate in competitions where their goal is to cover a distance of 3-4 hundreds of kilometers as quickly as possible using their skills. This is called “multisport”, or “extreme” (and more often even “adventure”) racing. In the West, more than 200 extreme races are held annually. For example, the largest races in the UK, organized by the "Extreme Racing Association of the United Kingdom and Ireland".

Jeeping. With the development of the automotive industry and the increase in the number of road transport, car tours are becoming more common.

Now traveling by car is commonly called jeeping. Jeeping is an extreme trip in jeeps and other off-road vehicles, which usually takes place off-road. Often, interesting tourist sites are located far from well-trodden convenient roads or highways, and tourists have to follow forest roads, steppes or deserts, overcome natural obstacles, including water fords.

To overcome obstacles, vehicles must have increased cross-country ability. Jeeps or SUVs meet these goals. Currently, almost all automobile factories or concerns produce a variety of SUV models. The state of roads in Russia makes this type of transport one of the most popular in our country.

A jeep safari is a trip to nature or to a nature reserve in jeeps. For those who want to get a thrill in the tourist centers, off-road trips to the mountains, deserts and other sparsely populated and inhabited areas are organized.

To drive cars in difficult conditions, you must have certain driving skills. Off-road driving training is one of the most important tourist services, which is provided both before and during the jeep safari adventure tour.

2.3. Mountain types of extreme tourism Mountaineering - considered one of the most extreme types of recreation. As a rule, mountaineering is practiced mainly in summer, but for thrill-seekers it can be done in winter as well. Difficult weather conditions and avalanches only add to the thrill of the journey. One of the main problems of mountaineering in Russia, in addition to its high cost, is a small number of experienced instructors. And they are necessary for climbing amateur climbers. Basically, there are few mountaineering instructors due to low wages. And by the way, it is not uncommon to meet a Russian instructor abroad. Alpine skiing and snowboarding. Alpine skiing is one of the oldest types of outdoor activities. But, despite this, every year the number of people who want to go skiing only increases. In addition, now the ski service is much more diverse than 10 years ago. Almost on any ski resort There are slopes for both professionals and beginners. Snowboarding - descent through the snow from the mountain slopes on a specially equipped board. Compared to alpine skiing, this is a more aggressive, active and extreme sport. In Russia, snowboarding received mass recognition in the 90s. Now in Russia you can buy a variety of equipment from the world's leading manufacturers, as well as get skating lessons from experienced instructors.

Freeride - These are off-piste slopes. The possibility of avalanches, difficulties in orienteering and other mountain hazards limit the capabilities of advanced riders. To one of the best places for off-piste skiing in the world, many include Krasnaya Polyana and Dombay (Caucasus).

2.4. Air types of extreme tourism

Classic skydiving. It includes 2 types: jumps for accuracy of landing and a complex of figures in free fall.

group acrobatics consists of the fact that paratroopers line up different figures from maximum number. The number of skydivers in a team is 4 and 8. There are also teams of 16 athletes. Usually those figures that should appear are announced in advance (for example, "star").

Dome acrobatics consists in building formations from the canopies of opened parachutes. It is very different from other species. parachuting, because work on the result goes before the opening of the parachute itself. When performing figures, skydivers come into contact with the parachutes of other athletes, so blockages often occur. Therefore, this requires special equipment. Domes must be stable and well loaded. After all the figures are built, the most dangerous part of the exercise comes, this is when the paratroopers must separate from each other and make a landing approach. If the canopies are caught on each other, then even actuating the canopy release locks may not help, and the canopy will not move away. Opening the reserve parachute in such a situation is quite dangerous. This makes dome acrobatics one of the most risky types of skydiving. Freestyle - one of the youngest types of skydiving. When a skydiver is in free fall, his task is to beautifully display complex elements. Working out and training these figures on the ground requires special equipment, which is not available at every drop zone. A small amount of equipment is the main reason for the underdevelopment of freestyle in Russia. Skysurfing - this is ski jumping to perform various figures in free fall. In Russia, skysurfing appeared relatively recently and immediately became popular. The aerodynamics of a skier is very different from a simple free fall, so ski jumping is practically a different sport. All elements are carried out in a state of free fall. B . A . S . E . jumping - e It is one of the most dangerous sports even against the backdrop of extreme sports. The base jumper does not require an airplane or other flying equipment. He manages with an ordinary elevator, and often with his own legs and arms, plus climbing equipment. Beiser climbs onto the roof of a high-rise building, mountain or rock, TV tower and jumps down. In Russia, there are very few firms specializing in this type of outdoor activity. Such types of recreation as ballooning and hang-gliding are very popular. hang gliding is one of the world's fastest growing sports. Today, there are about 90,000 hang gliders around the world, plus about a thousand new hang glider pilots take to the skies every year. Today's aircraft are incredibly stable, durable, and flying on them can only be limited by weather conditions and the experience of the pilot himself.

2.5. Exotic types of extreme tourism.

Space tourism - this is the most expensive and most exotic type of extreme tourism - a trip to the Earth's orbit. While space tourists can be counted on the fingers - this is the American millionaire Denis Tito and South African citizen Mark Shuttleworth. First week stay at the International space station cost $ 12 million, the second - $ 14 million. Later, the lead singer of the N "Sync group Lance Bass was preparing for the launch on the ISS, but due to lack of funding, his launch did not take place. However, Rosaviakosmos claims that in the future will be able to reduce the cost of tours and will gladly accept applications for space travel from any citizen of the Earth.But after the well-known crash of the Shuttle, sending tourists into space stopped indefinitely. Kitesurfing. A person standing on a board accelerates with the help of a kite, the rope from which he holds in his hands. A mandatory and perhaps the only condition is the wind. You can go in for kitesurfing in the fields, in the mountains and on flat terrain, and it is considered the most chic to ride a board on ponds covered with ice crust and covered with snow. And the channels of rivers or lakes are perhaps the most windy places. Amazing all-weather versatility allows you to use kites in winter and summer. The kite allows you to reach speeds that are more than twice the speed of the wind. Really achievable speed is 60-70 km/h. jailoo tourism is also one of the most exotic and extreme types of tourism. It lies in the fact that the tourist lives in a primitive tribe with all the charms of a nomadic life. This type of tourism is developing very well in the pastures of Kyrgyzstan. It is offered to sleep right on the floor of the shepherd's yurt, next to the smoky hearth, fresh lamb and koumiss, as well as horseback riding in the mountains and pastures. Tourism to the North and South Poles. More recently, cruises to the Arctic and Antarctic have begun. A lot of people want to visit extreme climatic conditions and look at exotic animals. And the Arctic and Antarctic are the most ecologically clean places on Earth. Travel to exotic places of the planet. For example, you can go to Chernobyl or take a trip through the virgin jungle. In Chernobyl, you can watch an eerie picture: an extinct city, concrete slabs covered with tall grass and wild nature. New plants appeared in the zone and practically extinct animals revived. White-tailed eagles, lynxes and gray wolves live here. And in the wild jungle, the tourist literally merges with nature, having renounced the entire civilized world. So, having considered the main types of extreme tourism, we can observe a great variety in its directions. Some types of tourism were born from classic sports (skiing, cycling etc.), others are completely original categories of tourism. Every day there are more and more extreme entertainments, as human imagination and the desire to test oneself for strength are limitless, and technological progress helps in this. 3. Psychological characteristics of people involved in extreme tourism. 3.1. Psychology of extreme situations. Recently, interest in the problem has grown psychological preparation person to act in emergency situations. This is the reason for the increased attention to the mental state of athletes, which requires psychotherapeutic and psycho-prophylactic work. Extreme situations include: cold, heat, thunderstorms, precipitation, earthquakes, fires, forest fires, avalanches, floods, storms, rockfalls, landslides, landslides, thin ice, solar radiation, biological hazards. Participation in extreme tours is accompanied by mental and emotional stress. Such situations can often bring not only pleasure, but also lead to overstrain and breakdown of the higher nervous system. The situation becomes stressful. Because of all this, some extreme tourists develop neurotic disorders. Under these circumstances, the mental preparation of an extreme tourist is one of the most important medical activities in tourism. It determines the ability to carry out high-quality mental activity while maintaining the optimal level of psycho-emotional stress, physical and mental health, regardless of external conditions and adverse factors.

Engaging in extreme types of tourism allows us to consider this activity as a natural model of emotional stress, and its study is of practical interest in solving the problem of adaptation, behavioral disorders and prevention of mental health disorders.

3.2. Psychology of people's behavior in emergency situations.

Certain conditions in which a person may find himself cause a state of psychological and emotional tension in him. For some, this causes the mobilization of all internal resources, while for others it causes a decrease in working capacity, deterioration in health, physiological and psychological stress phenomena. It depends mainly on the individual characteristics of a person, working conditions and upbringing and understanding of the degree of danger.

The psychological state of a person and moral hardening plays a decisive role in all extreme conditions and difficult situations. They determine readiness for conscious, confident and prudent actions at any critical moments.

3.3. Psychological readiness.

extreme situations require high moral and psychological stamina, endurance and determination and readiness to help the victims.

The heavy picture of destruction and devastation, the immediate threat to life negatively affects the human psyche. In some cases, they can disrupt the process of normal thinking, weaken or completely eliminate self-control, which leads to unjustified and unpredictable actions. As a rule, overcoming fear is facilitated, first of all, by a sense of personal responsibility, awareness of the significance of the work that is being done. Danger and risk to health, the importance of the work performed - all this raises the significance of what is done in their own eyes and in the opinion of society as a whole.

Psychologically unprepared, unhardened people have a feeling of fear and a desire to escape from a dangerous place, while others have a psychological shock accompanied by muscle numbness. At this moment, the process of normal thinking is disrupted, the control of consciousness over feelings and will is weakened or completely lost. Nervous processes (excitation or inhibition) manifest themselves in different ways. For example, some pupils dilate - they say, “fear has big eyes”, breathing is disturbed, a heartbeat begins “the heart is ready to burst out of the chest”, spasms of peripheral blood vessels - “turned white as chalk”, cold sweat appears, muscles weaken - “hands dropped or the knees are bent”, the timbre of the voice changes, and sometimes the gift of speech is lost. There are even cases of death due to sudden fear.

Contrary to popular belief, we should not - and cannot - avoid stress. But we can use it and enjoy it if we get to know the mechanism better and develop an appropriate philosophy of life.

3.4. Optimal stress level.

Favor and gratitude, as well as their antipodes - hatred and a thirst for revenge - more than all other feelings are responsible for the presence or absence of harmful stress (distress) in human relationships.

Strong positive or negative feelings are closely related to conditioned reflexes, which were first studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Unlike innate unconditioned reactions, conditioned reflexes are acquired as a result of repeated combinations and learning. We experience the need to avoid everything that causes negative emotions or leads to punishment, and we learn those forms of behavior that bring encouragement and reward, that is, cause positive feelings. At the cellular level, learning depends mainly on chemical conditioning and is reduced to the production of protective substances such as hormones or antibodies and the modification of their action with other chemical compounds (for example, nutrients). We have seen many times that short-term stress can lead to gains and losses. They lend themselves to accurate accounting, it is possible to objectively measure the signs of physiological resistance. When the whole body is subjected to short-term intense stress, the result is either beneficial (as in shock therapy) or harmful (as in a state of shock). When only a part of the body is stressed, the result can be increased local resistance (adaptation, inflammation) or tissue death, depending on the circumstances. The response to a stressor is regulated in the body by a system of opposing forces, such as corticoids, which either promote or suppress inflammation, and nerve impulses, which release adrenaline or acetylcholine. We have also learned to distinguish syntoxic compounds from catatoxic ones, which are signals - to endure or attack. There is a stereotyped physical model of the response to stress, regardless of its cause. The outcome of interaction with the environment depends as much on our reactions to the stressor as on the nature of the stressor. It is necessary to make a reasonable choice: either accept the challenge and resist, or give in and submit. We have discussed at some length the medical aspects of the complex relationship between the chemical stimuli to which we are exposed and the body's responses to those stimuli. Mental stress caused by relationships between people, as well as their position in society, is regulated by a remarkably similar mechanism. At some point, there is a conflict of interest - a stressor; then there are balanced impulses - orders to resist or endure. The body's involuntary biochemical reactions to stress are governed by the same laws that govern voluntary interpersonal behavior.

Thus, we come to the conclusion that any person who wants to engage in any kind of extreme tourism must be psychologically prepared. On the one hand, tempering of character occurs naturally - after all, most people involved in extreme tourism - professional athletes. The formation of their character, skills, behavior patterns occurs from childhood, when they begin to go to one or another sport sections. For them, it really is a way of life.

But it also happens that an ordinary person at a certain stage of life wants to test himself for strength, assert himself or just get a new interesting experience. In such cases, preparation is necessary, both physical and psychological. For this, there are special training centers, extreme clubs.

Any person should understand the risk that accompanies such hobbies and should be fully aware of what they are doing. Therefore, the training must be professional and comprehensive in order to exclude dangerous moments for the health and life of an extreme tourist or to help cope with any difficulties.

4. Geography of distribution of types of extreme tourism.

The geography of extreme tourism is very rich and diverse.

In all countries of the world, tourists looking for thrills will find something to their liking.

For example, in New Zealand, which in general is the birthplace of numerous types of extreme tourism, local residents claim that they invented rafting many years ago.

Many factors contributed to the emergence of extreme sports in New Zealand. The country is not particularly rich in historical and architectural monuments, but it has the most magnificent nature and conditions (a lot of caves, protected areas, high mountains and stormy rivers). New Zealanders are very imaginative and creative in the field of extreme tourism. To attract tourists, they come up with and complicate various attractions. For example, if we consider diving, then many experts believe that the most interesting place for him - Bay of Islands - on the northern island of New Zealand. There are magnificent coral reefs and in one place called Port Gore you can even see a whole cemetery of sunken ships, and moving around it is sometimes very dangerous. For example, one of the sunken ships here is the cruise ship Mikhail Lermontov. Many divers say that the souls of the dead sometimes appear in these places. And also for fans of extreme sports, there is such an opportunity as climbing into a special cage and descending to a depth where they can meet with real white sharks, which are one of the most dangerous predators in the world.

The famous "Bungee", which is also called Bungy Jumping, was also invented in New Zealand. Jumping from a tower or bridge head first is the best way release of adrenaline. More recently, special extreme athletes have been offered jumps from helicopters or in a canyon, in which the height is up to 400m. And some specialized travel agencies arrange such jumps even into the mouth of volcanoes, well, of course, they are no longer active.

One of newest species extreme is a water bug. A man in a helmet and in a life jacket lies down on the board and rushes into a stormy river. The athlete flies over rapids and rapids, clinging to a rescue board.

Jetboat is also one of the extreme sports in New Zealand. This is rafting on metal boats on calm rivers, and the extreme itself lies in the fact that this boat is equipped with a powerful engine, which allows you to quickly spin in place, swim against the current and write out various pirouettes at high speed.

Traveling through the caves (Caring) - the New Zealanders also managed to complicate. Now tourists do not just move around the caves, but have the opportunity to do it with the help of canoes or inflatable rafts along underground rivers or lakes and admire stalactites and stalagmites from the water.

New Zealanders and karting did not bypass. They replaced the small wheels of cars with huge tires that allow you to overcome large bumps, pits and sometimes even rivers.

In New Zealand, in the center of Auckland, there is an extreme attraction called the Slingshot. This is the so-called "catapult chair". Two people are put in this chair, fastened, and then they press a button. The chair flies into the sky, turns over several times, and then gently lands on the ground.

Zorb is one of the newest types of recreation. These are two huge plastic balls (one is slightly smaller than the other and is inside). A person is placed inside this ball, his arms, legs and belt are fastened, and then the ball is dropped from the mountain and he flies at a breakneck speed, jumping over bumps.

The Americans are also not far behind, in the USA there is such a type of extreme tourism as tornado hunting. The task of this hunt is that the tourist must drive as close as possible to the tornado and photograph it point-blank. This is very mesmerizing, because. A tornado or tornado is one of the most dangerous natural phenomena. In the United States, most tornadoes and tornadoes occur in areas such as Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and Texas. In these places, the months from April to June are especially dangerous. But the most extreme hunting for tornadoes is hunting in a thunderstorm and in pitch darkness at night. Tour operators are also engaged in this adventure, only for such a dangerous extreme you should choose a reliable and trusted tour operator.

Travel agencies in Rio de Janeiro offer guests to get acquainted with the dark side of the city. They give tours and meetings with gangsters from local gangs. This adventure is very dangerous for tourists and the local authorities question this kind of gang walking because it is very unsafe. One of these travel agencies was accused of idealizing criminal activity, to which the owner of the organization replied that the government was to blame for the criminogenic situation in the city.

In Las Vegas, there is a very extreme attraction called the Big Shot. Here tourists are shot as if from a cannon, this allows you to make compressed air. The tourist flies up to a height of 160 feet for a few seconds.

In Thailand, thrill-seeking tourists can enjoy a motto taxi. Thai moto taxi drivers are very fast speed, sliding between cars and breaking the rules will take the tourist anywhere in the city. The main thing for a tourist is not to forget to wear a helmet.

Mexico is not far behind. In Mexican Acapulco, water parachuting is not badly developed. Tourists can experience a sea of ​​​​adrenaline and at the same time admire the local beauties.

In Spain, the encierro bull races have become very popular. Many people come here for this interesting and life-threatening adventure. The tourist runs away from the angry bull through the narrow streets. He gets a sea of ​​​​adrenaline risking his life every second.

In South Africa, not far from Dyer Island, as well as in New Zealand, such an unforgettable and no less dangerous extreme adventure as diving among white sharks has become the most popular. A person is put in a special cage and lowered into the water, and the sharks, in turn, try to get their prey.

In Russia, they came up with such an extreme journey as flying on a Mig-29 jet plane. This is not a very cheap pleasure, but a tourist can feel almost like an astronaut. He is lifted to a height of 25 kilometers, where he can observe the Earth from the stratosphere, dark space and the bright sun.

And some travel agencies in Russia offer tourists trips to abandoned cities in the areas of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Many experts say that this is a completely safe trip for health, but still I think you need to purchase special equipment to make the trip 100% safe. This trip is very popular among Europeans.

In the Perm Territory, the first track for SUVs has recently appeared, which meets all international standards. This "wonder track" was opened by the company "Dilos-Extreme". A track for snowmobiles and ATVs has been opened in Demidkovo. The opening of this facility is not only a big step towards safe recreation on extreme equipment, but also a great contribution to tourism in the Perm Territory.

The project was completed by 5th grade students: Anastasia Burmistrova and Maria Usovik.

Recently, the number of fans of extreme sports has been growing rapidly. An extreme is a person who has an excellent physical shape and a desire to resist the natural forces of nature. As a rule, extreme people are very brave, fearless and gambling people.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution gymnasium No. 2

Project

"Extreme Sports"

Completed by: students of the 5th grade

Burmistrova Anastasia and

Usovik Maria.

Head: Short

Svetlana Alexandrovna.

Surgut, 2015

Objective of the project:

Find out what sports are called extreme and why?

Project questions:

1. Why do people love extreme sports?

2. How are extreme sports different from ordinary sports?

Project plan:

1.Formation of the theme of the project; goals and objectives.

2. Acquaintance with literature and Internet sources.

3.Formulation of the main issues of the project.

4.Prepare an informational presentation.

5. To carry out an oral survey of the opinions of various people on this issue.

6. Prepare a newspaper about extreme sports.

We put forward the following hypothesis:

More and more young people began to look for themselves in extreme sports. Why do they do it?

Object of study: extreme sports.

Subject of study: people's opinions on this issue

Where did the word extreme come from?

Extra m (eng. extreme - the opposite, having a high degree, excessive, special) - outstanding, extraordinary actions, usually associated with a danger to life.

Recently, the number of fans of extreme sports is growing rapidly, as well as the extreme sports themselves. An extreme is a person who has an excellent physical shape and a desire to resist the natural forces of nature. As a rule, extreme people are very brave, fearless and gambling people. Extreme is ready to risk his health to get an additional dose of adrenaline in the blood.

From the history…

The first extreme sport appeared in Japan. Some modern sports that have been promoted in the world since the 1950s have gradually come to be called extreme. These sports include: trial, skateboarding, snowboarding, skydiving, rock climbing, caving, rope jumping, etc. Extreme sports are characterized by a high degree of danger to the life and health of the athlete, a large number of acrobatic stunts, a high level of adrenaline, which is released from the athlete during sports.

People who want to do extreme sports must be in good physical shape and in good spirits, that is, they must be psychologically prepared. In addition, the extreme must know the laws of nature and be able to resist them, and the extreme must have an excellent reaction, be ready to make quick decisions. Naturally, if necessary, extreme people must take risks, which in turn must be justified.

In itself, extreme sport is a certain line or line that is between life and death, on this edge there is an extreme sportsman who opposes the forces of nature.

Extreme sports help a person relieve mental stress, or vice versa - get a share of adrenaline. Every year, their new trends develop, as the army of fans is growing rapidly. sports, which seemed extreme 30 years ago, today are perceived as ordinary. And feeling this, they do not stand still and are constantly improving. In our presentation, we will introduce you to some extreme sports. Why do people love extreme sports?

In order to understand why people love extreme sports, it is very important to understand what these sports are, why they are called extreme, and why they are divided by the level of enjoyment they receive.

In recent years, the term "extreme sports" has become very popular. They can be divided into three main types: air, land and water. People who have taken up extreme sports are likely to have become disillusioned with conventional sports, or simply become bored with them. traditional views sports. A person who has started to engage in extreme sports wants to get thrills and discover something new. Despite their great popularity among young people, these sports are not used in schools. They are mostly practiced on an individual level, although in many cases it is possible to get the help of a professional trainer.

Extreme sports often become the subject of discussions based on the definition of what kind of sport can be called extreme. Despite their great popularity among young people, these sports are not used in schools. They are mostly practiced on an individual level, although in many cases it is possible to get the help of a professional trainer.

How are extreme sports different from regular sports?

We can say that this is a sport that differs from the usual, that is, it is associated with increased injuries or even a threat to life, and this is considered the norm for him. Of course, about almost any sport, you can say that it has both dangers and risks. But there they happen more by chance, which cannot be said about extreme sports, where an athlete, knowing in advance, takes risks. Unforeseen circumstances in such sports are what they go for consciously, and not from what they run away from, they prepare themselves in advance, starting with the most common things in school, gradually improving their skills and tricks, and ultimately doing something that does not lend itself to any descriptions.

What character traits and physical qualities developing extreme sports?

Do extreme sports affect a person’s character, because it seems that extreme sports should make a person’s physical body stronger, faster, more resilient and more flexible, but does sports do the same with our character. Here the opinions are divided: more than half believe that extreme sports affect the character of a person, including us.

We think that you will be interested to learn about rather rare extreme sports.

Parkour. The art of moving and overcoming obstacles in urban environments. Currently, it is actively practiced and developed in many countries of the world. The essence of parkour is movement and overcoming obstacles of various nature. Both existing architectural structures (railings, parapets, walls, etc.) and specially made structures can be considered as such.

Heli-ski. A kind of skiing, the essence of which is to descend on untouched snowy

slopes. The use of a helicopter for ascent allows you to find various options for descending from the mountains in the conditions of pristine nature, untouched by human invasion, where there is no other way to quickly climb.

Diving. This is swimming under water with devices that provide an autonomous supply of air (or other gas mixture) for breathing underwater from several minutes to 12 hours or more, depending on the depth, type of breathing apparatus and consumption of the gas mixture by the diver.

Surfing. Wave riding on special light boards. There are several similar sports that differ in the technical means used (for example, windsurfing - sailing on a board).

Skysurfing. Ski jumping to perform various figures in free fall. A relatively young type of parachuting. In a short time, it has received rapid development. The aerodynamics of a skier is very different from a simple free fall when skydiving. The vertical speed of the fall is approximately 230 km / h. Quite a dangerous sport. In free flight, unforeseen circumstances may arise. So that the ski does not interfere in emergency situations, there is a mechanism for its uncoupling.

Rock climbing. A sport and outdoor activity that consists of climbing a rock or climbing wall. Originating as a kind of mountaineering, rock climbing is now an independent sport.

Underwater rugby . The Germans are the author of underwater entertainment. In this sport, players have to develop several skills in order to perform successfully. You need to be able to move quickly and maneuver underwater, to fight for the ball be strong and be able to hold your breath for a long time. You also need to get used to difficult tactics, which, in addition to the usual back and forth, left and right, also involves moving up and down.

Paragliding. Flying due to ascending air currents can elevate an athlete to an impressive height. The world record was 4526 meters above sea level. Slipping from such streams, you can go down in free fall, enjoying the amazing view from above. Paragliding could well become an excellent sport for singles, because it is here that a person can be left alone for a long time.

Polo on segways. In this game, players are divided into two teams and must score as many goals as possible with their hammers in the allotted time. The main pleasure of Segway polo is that the electric device cannot accelerate faster than 20 km / h, as a result it is impossible to outperform the competitor due to superior speed. In such a game, maneuverability comes to the fore, the ability to control your body and transport and perform semi-acrobatic tricks with a stick in your hands. At the same time, real players must have excellent vestibular apparatus.

Racing 24 Hours of Le Mans.This auto race is not only the most popular and prestigious endurance race on the planet, it is also the oldest. Start and finish are exactly one day apart, while the word survival for Le Mans is absolutely applicable here - the famous track has already become the site of the death of 21 riders. However, such extreme conditions do not scare off many who want to participate in the race for the past 90 years.

Florentine Football.When football starts to be played without rules, it only adds to its spectacle. The most ancient varieties of this game are exactly the same. Florentine football is full of adrenaline, sweat, tears and even blood. Some even believe that this is the most masculine game in the world, because against its background, both rugby and hockey look rather restrained and subject to the rules.

What extreme sports have been developed in Surgut?

There are many extreme sports in Surgut, but not all of them are actively developing. Here is a story about extreme sportsmen from Surgut.

On the banks of the Ob, a water run of Ugra hydrocyclists started. Thrill-seekers from Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk went on a trip along the route Surgut - Trom-Egan - Russkinskaya. In total, about 40 people gathered for the Yugra voyage, but the state inspection for small boats missed by no means all of them.
The final preparations before a trip always take several hours. It is necessary to check the technical condition of the iron horse and wetsuit, the presence of life jackets, because they will swim away, extreme people from Surgut - 320 kilometers away, to the village of Russkinskaya. The group includes both beginners and experienced travelers.
During the run, extreme sportsmen from Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk will join the Surgut group. The journey will last approximately 3 days. Route: Surgut - Trom-Egan - Russkinskaya and back.
However, on the shore, three participants were removed from the start. The reason is the lack of any documents for personal water transport. Unregistered jet skis and technical inspection did not pass, which means that no one can predict whether the extreme will reach the end point or not. One way or another, extreme outside the law often leads to tragedy.
The disappointing statistics of this year - three dead - is a confirmation of this. Employees of GIMS note that almost half of Surgut extreme sportsmen are "illegal" hydrocyclists who are not listed anywhere. It is quite difficult to track their level of preparation. Therefore, such water races are held so that extreme people gather in a civilized, and most importantly controlled, environment.

What extreme sports have been developed in Surgut?

Various extreme sports have been developed in Surgut, but not all of them are actively developing. The city has a single center of extreme sports. It is located on Hare Island - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200btreatment facilities. The administration is already thinking about a road that will connect sports facility with the city. The idea to put all technical events under one roof came about when the question of building a new motocross track arose.

We learned…

Four Surgut travelers became the first Russians to cross the Bering Strait on jet skis. The expedition "In the footsteps of Vitus Bering" ended the day before. The daredevils shared their impressions with a STV correspondent by phone from Chukotka.

“The total length of the route we covered is about 1,900 kilometers. Here in Chukotka, no one believed in this project, and we had many administrative obstacles. This is the border zone, and visas, and everything that you may not even be aware of. We overcame all this and got the maximum pleasure, impressions, adrenaline, ”says one of the travelers Andrey Prudnikov.

Yugra voyage.

Extreme sportsmen from Surgut set off on a journey along the route Surgut - Trom-Egan - Russkinskaya. In total, about 40 people gathered for the Ugra voyage. The route was 320 km. The group included both beginners and experienced travelers.
During the run, extreme sportsmen from Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk will join the Surgut group. The journey lasted about 3 days.

We conducted an oral survey on the topic: “How do you feel about extreme sports?” And got the following responses:

Never! I'm a terrible coward! For me, a ride in an elevator is already extreme, what kind of parachutes are there!

Valentina is 15 years old.

Normal, but not for everyone, some are very extreme, I jumped from a parachute, I liked it very much.

Alina is 34 years old.

Snowboarding, skydiving, paragliding, rope jumping, rafting, rock climbing - I really like it!

Ekaterina is 19 years old.

I love snowboarding - only thanks to it you can survive the winter! I want to jump from a parachute, but I'm terribly afraid of heights, but in general I have a positive attitude towards extreme sports, the main thing is not to go too far in this matter and be careful. I also dream of learning how to surf!

Daria is 29 years old.

I have a good attitude, I love snowboarding and skiing going to skydive in the summer.

Julia is 21 years old.

I'm fine. I love Le Mans racing. All my life I dreamed of at least visiting these races. Just a mesmerizing sight!

Vasily is 68 years old.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, I would like to say that extreme sports make us stronger, bolder and more experienced, allowing us to look at life from a different perspective. But always and in all your undertakings, you should be guided by common sense and not climb on the rampage. Nothing has a greater value than human life and health. And the list of dangerous extreme sports can be continued almost indefinitely, because humanity itself does not stand still.

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Extreme Sports Project Completed by: 5th grade students Usovik Maria Burmistrova Anastasia Supervisor: Korotkaya S.A.

The purpose of the project To find out what kinds of sports are called extreme and why?

We want to answer the following questions: Why do people choose extreme sports? How are extreme sports different from regular sports? What character traits and physical qualities are developed by extreme sports? What extreme sports have been developed in Surgut?

Plan of our project Formation of the theme of the project; goals and objectives. Formulating the main questions of the project. Acquaintance with literature and Internet sources. Prepare an information report and presentation. Conduct an oral poll of the opinions of various people on a given problem. Prepare an informational newspaper about extreme sports.

We put forward the following hypothesis: More and more young people began to look for themselves in extreme sports. Why do they do it?

Where did the word extreme come from? Extreme (English extreme - the opposite, having a high degree, excessive, special) - outstanding, extraordinary actions, usually associated with a danger to life.

An extreme is a person who has an excellent physical shape and a desire to resist the natural forces of nature. As a rule, extreme people are very brave, fearless and gambling people. Extreme is ready to risk his health to get an additional dose of adrenaline in the blood. Recently, the number of fans of extreme sports is growing rapidly, as well as the extreme sports themselves.

A bit of history… The first extreme sport appeared in Japan. Some modern sports that have been promoted in the world since the 1950s have gradually come to be called extreme. Such sports include trials, skateboarding, snowboarding, skydiving, rock climbing, caving, rope jumping, etc. sports time.

People who want to go in for extreme sports should be in good physical shape and in a good mood, they should be psychologically prepared. In addition, the extreme must know the laws of nature and be able to resist them, and the extreme must have an excellent reaction, be ready to make quick decisions. Naturally, if necessary, extreme people must take risks, which in turn must be justified.

In itself, extreme sport is a certain line or line that is between life and death, on this edge there is an extreme sportsman who opposes the forces of nature.

Extreme sports help a person relieve mental stress, or vice versa - get a share of adrenaline. Every year, their new trends develop, as the army of fans is growing rapidly. Sports that seemed extreme 30 years ago are now perceived as ordinary. And feeling this, they do not stand still and are constantly improving.

Now let's answer the questions asked.

Why do people love extreme sports? In order to understand why people love extreme sports, it is very important to understand what these sports are, why they are called extreme, and why they are divided by the level of enjoyment they receive. In recent years, the term "extreme sports" has become very popular. They can be divided into three main types: air, land and water. People who have taken up extreme sports are likely to have become disillusioned with regular sports, or simply bored with traditional sports. A person who has started to engage in extreme sports wants to get thrills and discover something new. Despite their great popularity among young people, these sports are not used in schools. They are mostly practiced on an individual level, although in many cases it is possible to get the help of a professional trainer.

How are extreme sports different from regular sports? Extreme sports are different from ordinary sports, as they are associated with increased injuries or even a threat to life. And this is considered normal for him. Of course, about almost any sport, you can say that it has both dangers and risks. But there they happen more by chance, which cannot be said about extreme sports, where the athlete knows in advance that he is taking risks. Unforeseen circumstances in such sports are what they go for consciously, and not from what they run away from, they prepare themselves in advance, starting with the most ordinary, gradually improving their skills and tricks, and eventually doing something that defies any description.

What character traits and physical qualities are developed by extreme sports? Do extreme sports affect a person’s character, because it seems that extreme sports should make a person’s physical body stronger, faster, more resilient and more flexible, but does sports do the same with our character. Here the opinions are divided: more than half believe that extreme sports affect the character of a person, including us.

The most extreme sports

Parkour The art of moving and overcoming obstacles in an urban setting. Currently, it is actively practiced and developed in many countries of the world. The essence of parkour is movement and overcoming obstacles of various nature. Both existing architectural structures (railings, parapets, walls, etc.) and specially made structures can be considered as such.

Heli-skiing A kind of alpine skiing, the essence of which is to go down untouched snow slopes. The use of a helicopter for ascent allows you to find various options for descending from the mountains in the conditions of pristine nature, untouched by human invasion, where there is no other way to quickly climb.

Diving. This is swimming under water with devices that provide an autonomous supply of air (or other gas mixture) for breathing underwater from several minutes to 12 hours or more, depending on the depth, type of breathing apparatus and consumption of the gas mixture by the diver.

Surfing. Riding a wave on special light boards. There are several similar sports that differ in the technical means used (for example, windsurfing - sailing on a board).

Skysurfing Jumping with a ski to perform various figures in free fall. Relatively young type of parachuting. In a short time has received rapid development. The aerodynamics of a skier is very different from a simple free fall when skydiving. The vertical speed of the fall is approximately 230 km/h. Pretty dangerous sport. In free flight, unforeseen circumstances may arise. So that the ski does not interfere in emergency situations, there is a mechanism for uncoupling it.

Climbing A sport and active recreation that consists of climbing a rock or climbing wall. Originating as a kind of mountaineering, rock climbing is now an independent sport.

Underwater rugby The Germans are the author of underwater entertainment. In this sport, players have to develop several skills in order to perform successfully. You need to be able to move quickly and maneuver underwater, to fight for the ball be strong and be able to hold your breath for a long time. You also need to get used to difficult tactics, which, in addition to the usual back and forth, left and right, also involves moving up and down.

Paragliding Flying due to ascending air currents can lift the athlete to an impressive height. The world record was 4526 meters above sea level. Slipping from such streams, you can go down in free fall, enjoying the amazing view from above. Paragliding could well become an excellent sport for singles, because it is here that a person can be left alone for a long time.

Polo on segways. In this game, players are divided into two teams and must score as many goals as possible with their hammers in the allotted time. The main pleasure of Segway polo is that the electric device cannot accelerate faster than 20 km / h, as a result it is impossible to outperform the competitor due to superior speed. In such a game, maneuverability comes to the fore, the ability to control your body and transport and perform semi-acrobatic tricks with a stick in your hands. At the same time, real players must have excellent vestibular apparatus

Racing 24 Hours of Le Mans This car race is not only the most popular and prestigious endurance race on the planet, it is also the oldest. Start and finish are exactly one day apart, while the word survival for Le Mans is absolutely applicable here - the famous track has already become the site of the death of 21 racers. However, such extreme conditions do not scare off many who want to participate in the race for the past 90 years.

Florentine Football. When football starts to be played without rules, it only adds to its spectacle. The most ancient varieties of this game are exactly the same. Florentine football is full of adrenaline, sweat, tears and even blood. Some even believe that this is the most masculine game in the world, because against its background, both rugby and hockey look rather restrained and subject to the rules.

What extreme sports have been developed in Surgut? Various extreme sports have been developed in Surgut, but not all of them are actively developing. The city has a single center of extreme sports. It is located on Hare Island - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200btreatment facilities. The administration is already thinking about a road that will connect the sports facility with the city. The idea to put all technical events under one roof came about when the question of building a new motocross track arose.

We found out… Four Surgut travelers became the first Russians to cross the Bering Strait on jet skis. The expedition "In the footsteps of Vitus Bering" ended the day before. The daredevils shared their impressions with a STV correspondent by phone from Chukotka. “The total length of the route we covered is about 1,900 kilometers. Here in Chukotka, no one believed in this project, and we had many administrative obstacles. This is the border zone, and visas, and everything that you may not even be aware of. We overcame all this and got the maximum pleasure, impressions, adrenaline, ”says one of the travelers Andrey Prudnikov.

Yugra voyage. Extreme sportsmen from Surgut set off on a journey along the route Surgut - Trom-Egan - Russkinskaya. In total, about 40 people gathered for the Ugra voyage. The route was 320 km. The group included both beginners and experienced travelers. During the run, extreme sportsmen from Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk will join the Surgut group. The journey lasted about 3 days.

In conclusion, I would like to say that extreme sports make us stronger, bolder and more experienced, allowing us to look at life from a different perspective. But always and in all your undertakings, you should be guided by common sense and not climb on the rampage. Nothing has a greater value than human life and health. And the list of dangerous extreme sports can be continued almost indefinitely, because humanity itself does not stand still.

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