Statistics show that over the past 5 years, the level of eye diseases and pathologies among children has increased by 1.5 times. This is primarily due to the workload caused by working on a computer, violation of sanitary norms of consecration, malnutrition, as well as environmental degradation.
In addition to the annual examination, parents should carefully look at the child - his behavior may indicate emerging vision problems. If the baby squints when looking at distant objects, if he leans low over the table when he draws or reads, often stumbles and drops objects, tries to sit closer to the TV, constantly tilts his head to one side, reaches for a distant object, and taking it in his hands loses to he is interested, if his eyes are often watery, then this indicates the need to visit an ophthalmologist.
In addition, the child should be tested regularly, about once every three months, at home: one eye of the baby should be covered with a thick sheet of paper or cardboard and asked to draw something, paint a picture or assemble a mosaic. Then the same thing needs to be done, covering the other eye.
And one more nuance. Even if the next visit to the optometrist showed that the child's eyes are healthy, this does not guarantee that this will always be the case. The child's body is very fragile, it needs support, so at the next consultation you can discuss with the ophthalmologist the intake of vitamins for the eyes, for example, based on blueberries. Such drugs strengthen the visual system and help keep vision sharp.
It is important to remember that the treatment of any eye diseases and pathologies will be much more effective if impending vision problems are noticed in time.
Watch TV and play computer games have become an increasingly common pastime for children of all ages. But according to medical recommendations, preschoolers can watch TV for no more than half an hour a day and at a distance of at least 3 meters.
As far as computers are concerned, three years communication with him should be excluded. From three to seven years, you can spend no more than 15 minutes in front of the display, and no more than twice a week. And at the same time, the distance to the screen should be at least 60-70 cm.
Dear parents, at home, playing with children, you can solve several problems at once - communication with children and the development of their vision. Organize a game. Most likely, the child will not have an interest in the game if you do not specifically organize it. Therefore, strive to ensure that any action is played out, included in some interesting plot. For example, in front of a child, there are not just rattling boxes, but grains are hidden there, with which you need to feed hungry chickens. You can draw chickens or find the appropriate toys. Let the child find the solution himself. Each game is educational in nature and serves to achieve a specific goal. In order for the goal to be achieved, and the lesson to be useful, give the child maximum independence. Do not do the task for him, let him come to right decision. To help you, I present a set of games and exercises that you can use. I also suggest playing.
A game. "Clothespins"
Attach the clothespins to the cardboard circle to make a "sun" or "flower". You can arrange a toy in the form of a hedgehog, in which clothespins play the role of needles. Offer to remove all clothespins and then attach them back. You can stick numbers on the cardboard and invite the child to attach as many clothespins as the number on the cardboard. If there are a lot of clothespins, they are of different colors, then the children themselves can come up with a lot of crafts. The game develops fine motor skills hands, visual-motor coordination.
Magical dream.
Eyelashes fall...
The eyes are closing...
We are relaxing...
We fall asleep with a magical dream ...
Our hands rest...
Resting... falling asleep...
The neck is not tense
And relax...
Lips open a little...
Everything is relaxing...
Breathe easily...evenly...deeply... (Pause.)
We are relaxing...
We fall asleep with a magical dream ... (Louder, faster, more energetic.)
It's good for us to rest!
But it's time to get up!
We squeeze our fists tighter.
We raise them higher.
Stretched! Smiled!
Everyone open your eyes and stand up!
"Rain".
Rain, rain, more pour.
They look up.
Drip, do not regret the drops.
Look down.
Just don't get us wet.
Do circular motions eyes.
Don't knock on the window.
The wind is blowing in our faces.
Often blink for centuries.
The tree swayed.
Without turning their heads, they look to the left - to the right.
“Counseling for parents EYE GYMNASTICS AS A HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGY Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing. Socrates..."
Advice for parents
GYMNASTICS FOR THE EYES AS A HEALTH SAVING
TECHNOLOGY
Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing.
Prepared by: teacher Markova Elena Valerievna.
per century information technologies body of children and adults
exposed to many factors that negatively affect
health. It's no secret that phones, computers, tablets, TVs -
daily exert a load on the visual apparatus of children, even the youngest preschool age. Therefore, preventive and corrective work with the organs of vision acts today as a necessary component educational activities DOW.
It is important not only to teach children to perform special exercises in the system, but also to understand the need to take care of their vision and health in general.
One of the forms of work on the prevention and correction of visual impairment, overwork of the visual apparatus is visual gymnastics.
Gymnastics for the eyes is one of the methods of improving children, it belongs to health-saving technologies, along with breathing exercises, self-massage, dynamic pauses.
The purpose of gymnastics for the eyes: the prevention of visual impairment in preschoolers.
Tasks:
fatigue prevention,
Strengthening the eye muscles
Relieve stress.
General improvement of the visual apparatus.
Gymnastics for the eyes has a beneficial effect on the performance of the visual analyzer and the whole organism.
Conditions: It does not require special conditions for holding. Any gymnastics for the eyes is performed while standing.
Time: 2-4 minutes are performed.
Rule: During the exercise, the head is motionless (unless otherwise indicated).
For children with pathology of vision, exercises associated with a long and sharp tilt of the head are contraindicated.
Reception is a visual demonstration of the actions of the teacher.
When planning OOD using ICT, once a week, we recommend learning and using 1 gymnastics for the eyes in verse (for example, numbers 15,16 and others) per month, and 4 times using gymnastics with or without objects, in the form of sets of movements (for example, complexes number 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and others).
If gymnastics for the eyes is used by a teacher in the health saving system every day, then it is recommended to plan for a week for learning and performing 1 complex in poetic form, combining it 1 or 2 times with complexes of another type.
By the name of gymnastics for the eyes, it is easy to pick it up on the topic of GCD.
When planning, it is recommended to take into account the principle of complication, having first worked out simple eye movements: right-left, up-down, circular movements, squinting, blinking, protruding eyes, and then using them along the path of a more complex poetic text in various combinations. The poetic text should also be used at first small (up to 4 lines), and then move on to more complex and long ones.
Types of gymnastics.
According to the use of the artistic word, gymnastics for the eyes can be divided into those that have poetic accompaniment and those that are carried out without it.
According to the use of additional attributes, 4 types can be distinguished:
With objects (for example, complex 4 or work with cards located on the walls. They have small silhouette images of objects, letters, syllables, numbers, geometric shapes, etc. (the size of the depicted objects is from 1 to 3 cm). At the request of the teacher, children get up and perform a series of tasks: look for pictures on the walls that are the answer to the riddle;
find images of objects whose names contain the desired sound, etc.
No attributes (no items or posters are used);
With the use of special fields (complex 73.74 or any colored figures (oval, figure eight, wave, spiral, rhombus, etc.) or intricately crossed lines of different colors 1 cm thick are depicted. This poster is placed above eye level in any convenient place (above the board, on the side wall and even on the ceiling). At the request of the teacher, the children begin to "run" their eyes along a given trajectory. At the same time, it is desirable to give each exercise a playful or creative character. You can attach a butterfly or a character on the topic to the tip of the pointer and go on a trip).
With the use of ICT. There are specialized programs aimed at relieving stress and correcting vision. As a rule, they are expensive and little used in preschool educational institutions. But multimedia gymnastics for the eyes is easy to make by yourself, using the PowerPoint program for creating presentations, where any object can be given a certain movement (Animation tools). This is convenient when using direct educational activity based on the presentation, when the teacher selects drawings on the topic and inserts it at the desired stage.
The most interesting are gymnastics for the eyes, which use objects or tasks in poetic form, movements along certain paths, tasks to search for objects and pictures in different parts of the group.
Card file of gymnastics for the eyes I Complex
1. Move diagonally to one side and the other, moving your eyes directly to the count 1-6. Repeat 3-4 times.
2. Without turning your head, with your eyes closed, "look" to the right at the expense of 1-4 and directly at the expense of 1-6. Raise your eyes up to a count of 1-4, lower them down to a count of 1-4 and look directly at a count of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
3. Look at the index finger, which is 25-30 cm away from the eyes, and at the expense of 1-4 bring it closer to the tip of the nose, then look away at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
II Complex
1. At the expense of 1-4, close your eyes, without tension of the eye muscles, at 1-6 open your eyes wide, look into the distance. Repeat 4-5 times.
2. Look at the tip of the nose for a count of 1-4, and then look into the distance for a count of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
3. Without turning your head, slowly make circular movements with your eyes up-right-down-left and in the opposite direction. Then look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
4. Keeping your head still, move your gaze, fixing it, to the count 1-4 up, to the count 1-6 straight; then similarly down-straight, right-straight, left-straight.
III Complex
Blink quickly, close your eyes and sit quietly for 5 seconds.
Close your eyes tightly for a few seconds, open them and look into the distance.
Pull out right hand forward. Keep an eye on slow movements index finger: left - right, up and down.
Sitting, put your hands on your belt, turn your head to the right and look at the elbow of your left hand, and vice versa.
With index fingers, make light point massaging movements of the upper and lower eyelids.
IV Complex Performed while standing, each child has a toy in his hands (drawing).
1. “Look how beautiful ... came to visit you. (2--3 sec).
Look what I have ... (2-3 sec).
And now look at your ... (2-3 seconds) again. Repeat 4 times.
2. “... we are funny, they like to run, jump. Watch carefully with your eyes: ... jumped up, sat down, ran to the right, to the left.
Repeat 4 times.
3. “Matryoshkas love to spin in a round dance. They will go in a circle, and we will follow them with our eyes. Repeat 4 times.
4. “My … loves to play hide and seek. You now tightly close your eyes, and she will hide. Let's try to find it with our eyes." Repeat 4 times V Complex "Rain" Rain, rain, thicker lei.
They look up.
Drip, do not regret the drops.
Look down.
Just don't get us wet.
Don't knock on the window in vain VI Complex "Wind" The wind blows in our face.
Often blink for centuries.
The tree swayed.
Without turning their heads, they look left and right.
Quieter, quieter, quieter...
They squat down slowly, lowering their eyes down.
The trees are getting higher and higher.
They stand up and raise their eyes.
VII Complex "Drawing with a nose" Children need to look at the plate and remember the object (on the topic of the lesson). Close eyes. Imagine that the nose has become so long that it reaches the plate. You need to write the selected element with your nose.
Open your eyes, look at the sign.
VIII Complex We close our eyes, that's what miracles are.
They close both eyes, Our eyes rest, exercises are performed.
Continue to stand with closed eyes.
And now we will open them, we will build a bridge across the river.
Open your eyes, draw a bridge with your eyes.
Let's draw the letter o, it turns out easily.
Draw the letter o with the eyes.
Let's raise up, look down, Eyes raise up, lower down.
Turn right, turn left, Eyes look left and right.
Let's start working again.
IX Complex "Snowflakes" We saw a snowflake, Played with a snowflake.
Snowflakes flew to the right, Children looked to the right.
Here the snowflakes flew, Children looked to the left.
The wind lifted the snow up And lowered it to the ground... Children look up and down.
All fell to the ground.
We close our eyes, our eyes rest.
X Complex Ray of the sun Ray, mischievous ray, Play with me.
Blink their eyes.
Come on, ray, turn around, show yourself to my eyes.
Make circular movements with the eyes.
I will look to the left, I will find a ray of the sun.
They look to the left.
Now I'll look to the right, Again I'll find a ray.
They look to the right.
XI Complex Running along the paths.
Movements are carried out along the colored stripes. You can put any object on the topic on the pointer and ask the children to follow it with their eyes. On the black circle clockwise, on the red counterclockwise, on the blue line to the right and left, on the yellow line up and down, and on the green circles - the "eight" movement. Each movement is performed 4-6 times.
XII Complex Spectr.
This manual is placed in a group room or computer lab. Children's eyes rest when looking at the color spectrum.
LITERATURE
1. Raskina I.I., Barakina T.V. How did the computer appear and what does it consist of? - Omsk: OmGPU, 2005
2. Evseev Yu.I. Physical Culture. Rostov n/a: Phoenix, 2002.
3. Anishchenko V.S. Physical culture: Methodical and practical classes of students: Textbook. Benefit. Moscow: RUDN University, 1999.
4. Kovalko V.I. School of Physical Education (Grades 1-4): Practical Development of Physical Education, gymnastic complexes, outdoor games for younger students. - M.: VAKO, 2007
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Recommendations for teachers
What is eye gymnastics for preschoolers?
It is repeatedly said about the benefits of gymnastics for the eyes and talks about
effective exercises for the eyes.. But today I want to talk about our
beloved and beloved children. After all, they also need to do exercises for
eye. But, unfortunately, you can’t explain to kids the need to regularly perform
boring exercises. That is why classes should be carried out in a playful way -
this will entertain the child and help him avoid vision problems. I'll tell you
how to do it. Visual impairment in children Vision is one of the five senses
which a person cognizes, perceives and explores the world around him.
A newborn baby at first only watches the mixing of shadows and
Sveta. Weak vision is the result of an unformed retina. Daily
the baby receives more and more information through vision
Causes
Modern conditions in which children grow up do not allow protecting them from
harmful influences. Such useful cartoons for the development of the child,
developing computer games, TV - all this is an integral part of life
preschooler. We will not talk about the dangers of the TV and the computer, but
We will try to adapt to the circumstances. It is in such
conditions and you need to learn how to protect your eyesight.
The paradox is that the eyes are trained daily, but despite this, vision
may worsen. Doctors have long been trumpeting that the so-called epidemic
diseases of the organs of vision is developing at a catastrophic pace.
The benefits of gymnastics for the eyes
Visual gymnastics is a wonderful assistant in the fight for good eyesight.
The main task of gymnastics for the eyes for preschool children is
the formation in children of the correct idea of \u200b\u200bwhat about vision
needs to be taken care of. Regular gymnastics for the eyes, the so-called
physical minute, increases the efficiency of vision, improves blood circulation,
prevents the development of certain eye diseases. In addition, any educational
material is absorbed more effectively. Start eye exercises
(elementary exercises) is necessary already at an early age. Five-minute
an activity that a one-year-old child perceives as a game must be carried out for two or three
times a day.
The simplest is closing the opening of the eyelids (dark-light), circular rotations
pupil (the child observes
an airplane circling in front of him in
mother's hand). When the baby masters these
exercises, you can enter more
complex. By the age of three, the child is already ready
repeat everything you ask him to. He is with
grimacing with pleasure
articulates.
Working out with Mom
Any mother can train her baby's vision at home. For example, play with
a kid in a counting rhyme. We approach the window and count everything and everyone: cars, people, children,
cats and dogs. We follow with our eyes how they move. Can be observed
happening with one eye, and close the other with your hand. Another option is to watch
into the window through a paper sheet with a small hole.
"Training"
Children perform movements in accordance with the text
One to the left, two to the right
Three up, four down.
And now we look around
To see the world better.
Let's look closer, further,
Exercising the eye muscle.
We'll see better soon
Check it out now!
Now let's press a little
Now let's press a little
Dots near your eyes.
We give them a lot of strength,
To amplify a thousand times!
Look left. Look right.
left - down.
Raise your gaze up. Drop your gaze down.
Blink quickly.
***
"Autumn"
Autumn bred along the edge of paint,
She gently ran the brush over the foliage.
The hazel turned yellow and the maples blushed,
Aspen purple, only green oak.
Autumn comforts: do not feel sorry for summer,
Look - autumn is dressed in gold!
Circular eye movements: left - up - right - down - right - up -
left - down
Look left - right.
Look up - down.
Close your eyes, then blink 10 times. (repeat 2 times).
***
"Christmas tree"
Here is a big tree
That's the height.
She has big branches.
Here's the width.
There are even cones on the tree,
And below is a bear's lair.
In winter, the clubfoot sleeps there
And he sucks his paw in the den.
Perform eye movements.
View from bottom to top.
View from left to right.
Look up.
Look down.
Close your eyes, then blink 10 times, Repeat 2 times.
***
"Vegetables"
The donkey walks chooses
He doesn't know what to eat first.
Plum ripened upstairs
And nettles grow below,
On the left - beets, on the right - swede,
On the left is a pumpkin, on the right is a cranberry,
Below is fresh grass,
Above - juicy tops.
Couldn't select anything
And without strength fell to the ground.
Circle your eyes.
Look up.
Look down.
Look left right
Left - right.
Look down.
GYMNASTICS FOR EYES WITH CHILDREN
Visual gymnastics is one of the forms of prevention and correction of visual impairment, prevention of overwork of the visual apparatus.
Special exercises for the eyes are based on a uniform alternation of training of the eye muscles with a complete rest of the visual apparatus. Performing such simple exercises every day, you can not only save your vision, but also restore its full functioning.
Be sure to do visual gymnastics while working at a computer:
for 4-5 year old children - after 5 minutes of work,
for 6-7-year-olds - after 7-8 minutes of work.
Visual gymnastics should last 1-2 minutes.
Gymnastics for the eyes is one of the health-saving technologies, along with breathing exercises, self-massage, dynamic pauses, and the like.
Visual gymnastics exercises:
reduce eye fatigue
strengthen eye muscles
relieve tension
prevent visual impairment
have a positive effect on the overall performance of the visual analyzer and the whole organism.
Gymnastics for the eyes at home: exercises to do with children
If the child has already identified visual impairment, visual gymnastics will help solve this problem. The task of parents is to learn simple exercises with the child to improve vision and regularly remind her to do eye exercises.
To encourage the child and arouse her interest in visual gymnastics, recommend that parents do eye exercises with her.
We offer several simple exercises which are convenient to perform with a child at home.
Hang colorful cardboard circles different sizes in the corners of the room under the ceiling.
Invite the child to look at the left circle for a few seconds, then at the right, and then close their eyes for 10 seconds. Do this exercise with your child 3-5 times. Invite the child to alternately close and open their eyes for 10 seconds to relax the muscles that support the eyeball.
Sit across from your child and place your hands under your chin to avoid head movement. Have your child do the same. Then do the exercise together. You should raise your eyes and look up, then down 4 times, a break of 10 s; then - to the right, to the left 4 times, a break of 10 seconds.
Place a pattern on the ceiling in the form of a snake, a spiral, or a colored checkerboard. Invite the child to “walk the path” with his eyes: from the beginning of the lightning to its end, from the beginning of the spiral to the center, along the cubes of a certain color that you set.
Invite the child to imagine a square in front of him and “circle” his eyes around the perimeter clockwise and against it, and then draw imaginary lines diagonally - from the upper left corner to the lower right and from the lower left corner to the upper right.
Play with the child "bear". The child should stand relaxed and step from one foot to the other, lifting his heels off the floor, and sway slightly like a bear. In this case, the gaze must be focused clearly in front of you - in the direction of the nose - and not transferred to one of the objects that fall into the field of view. During the exercise, you can blink. The exercise should be performed within 2-3 minutes.
Invite the child to close his eyes, cover them with his palms and imagine a black field in front of him. Therefore, “draw” a small letter “o” with your nose. Inside it - even less, and inside this one - even smaller, etc., until a point is obtained. At the end of the exercise, the child should blink his eyes for 30 seconds.
Find a very distant object outside the window. Invite the child to look through the window at him and carefully examine for 10 seconds, then look at the object that is in the room. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Invite the child to stretch out his right hand in front of him. Then slowly drive index finger left, right, up, down, and follow him with your eyes.
The benefits of the above exercises of visual gymnastics will be tangible only if they are systematically performed. These exercises should be performed daily for 10-15 minutes. any time after visual activity.
One of the main causes of visual impairment in children is the excessive use of computers and gadgets.
HOW TO DO VISUAL GYMNASTICS FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Stick to the following important rules for the exercises to be effective:
offer the preschooler a break for 1-2 minutes. every 10 min execution special exercises
verbalize to the child all the actions that you perform
stick to the principle of complicating the material. So, first rehearse simple eye movements left and right, up and down, circular movements, squinting, blinking, etc., and only then use more complex exercises
use fairly large pins when making your own visual aids (posters or cards)
use high-quality paper for working with children - better matte, not glossy; the image on the cards is not on a white background, but on a light yellow or light green
place inscriptions on a sheet or on a board so that the child’s letters do not merge into one continuous line; find out the lettering color the child sees better
do not restrain the child when she raises cards with pictures or letters too close to her eyes
be sure to monitor the posture of the child during the exercise
encourage children's interest in visual gymnastics, each time using new didactic means, for example: toy objects, poetic accompaniment, a task to search for objects or pictures hidden in the room, and the like.
