Natalia Zorina
The use of exercise equipment in physical education and health work with children preschool age
Preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation, which determines the health of the nation, the level of well-being and stability of society, and its future, is one of the main priorities of modern state social policy in Russia.
Data from various studies show that recently the number of healthy preschoolers decreased by 5 times and constitutes only 10% of the number of children entering school.
How much health children will enter adulthood with largely depends on the effectiveness of joint work of teachers and families. The health of children, their upbringing and education are inextricably linked with each other. Children spend most of their time within the walls of an educational institution in the process of acquiring knowledge. Therefore, today the Russian education system is faced with important task to preserve children's health and develop their skills healthy image life, motivation to be healthy, fostering a general culture of health, creating conditions for a health-preserving educational environment, introducing it into the educational process effective health formative technologies. Solving these problems is impossible without searching for new effective and diverse forms physical education and health work, capable of not only increasing physical fitness, but also to develop the child’s mental abilities.
Helps increase physical activity use of exercise equipment in preschool age. Classes on simulators interesting and accessible to older children preschool age. Modern simulators are small-sized, easy to install, aesthetic and hygienic. They are adjustable, allowing use them when working with children different physical training.
Working with children on the use of exercise equipment built in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the author N. Ch. Zheleznyak "Classes on simulators in kindergarten » . Considering methodological recommendations this author and that list simulators, which is available in the preschool educational institution, was a long-term plan for working with older children has been developed, which is implemented in kindergarten through educational activities and independent activities of children.
Exercises for simulators improve coordination of movements, strengthen the joint apparatus, improve flexibility of the spine, develop rib cage, posture improves. Work of instructors on the use of simulators include a variety of exercises: hanging, rope climbing, gymnastic wall, rope ladder, exercises on discs, sports complexes. Job It is carried out in subgroups, children study without shoes, in socks.
It is important that children acquire certain motor skills and learn how to independently use simulators, have mastered belay techniques. Trainers can be used in physical education classes and in independent motor activities of children, taking into account the level of their physical fitness and individual capabilities. With the simplest simulators Can be practiced for children from 3 years old. WITH children 5-7 years GCD physical culture it is advisable to carry out with using simulators as the simplest, and a complex device. Children in this age are able to analyze their actions, control their well-being, and demonstrate their physical capabilities - strength, agility, endurance.
Starting exercises on simulators, you should gradually move from the most simple exercises to more complex exercises.
With the simplest We work with simulators all the time, they are convenient in use, do not take up much space, they can be carried. TO simulators simplest type include:
Health disk.
Children's dumbbells, weights.
Massage mat.
Children's expander.
Small ball - massager.
The big ball is a massager.
Gymnastic balls and more. etc.
Exercise equipment complex devices have an attractive appearance, thereby encouraging children to engage in physical activity, which creates the preconditions for a more varied physical activity; They introduce elements of novelty into the educational process and satisfy children’s need for movement.
Complex device simulators:
Exercise bike"Bike".
Mini twist.
Mini trampoline.
Power simulator.
Running on the waves.
Top pull.
Lower rod.
Rope ladder
Children's sports simulators allow:
Conduct group classes with children and use them in independent motor activity.
Diversify physical exercise, locally affecting individual muscle groups;
Develop children's creativity;
Turn classes into an interesting and varied game.
One of the important requirements for the selection of equipment is to ensure the safety of children when using it. use. Each benefit must be stable and durable, have good fastenings and gymnastic mats for injury prevention.
Methodology use of simulators different types assumes following:
Admission to classes at simulators should be only after the doctor has determined the health status of the children and the level of their functional and physical fitness. In performing exercises on simulators Almost all children attending preschool educational institutions are admitted. Absolute contraindications for training with the use of simulators are: chronic and acute diseases of the kidneys, respiratory organs, heart disease.
At working with simulators it is necessary to comply with the basic principles:
The principle of consistency and systematicity.
Consistency in teaching children, selection and combination of new material with repetition and consolidation of what has been learned, distribution of physical load on the child’s body, with a gradual increase in load due to increasing dosage and intensity working on simulators;
Accounting principle age and individual characteristics of children
Take into account development level indicators physical qualities child;
3. Principle health-improving orientation, ensuring optimization of motor activity, promotion of health, improvement of physiological and psychological functions of the body.
To implement an individually differentiated approach, children should be divided into two subgroups, taking into account the main criteria of health status.
First subgroup. These are children with the first and second health groups (high and intermediate level physical fitness)
Second subgroup. It includes children with the second and third health groups (frequently ill, having a low level of physical activity and poor physical fitness). This distribution helps to implement an individually differentiated approach and conduct classes that differ in the amount of physical activity, methods and techniques.
The basic principle of construction working with children on simulators is the development of physical qualities and motor activity of the child. Time work on one simulator takes 1-2 minutes, starts with simple exercises.
Structure work on simulators meets the basic requirements of the program for older children preschool age. As the child learns simulator the complexity of the exercises, the load increases.
Teaching children to exercise on sports simulators goes through the following stages.
At the first stage the following are set tasks:
1. introduce children to simulators(description of each specific simulator, name, its purpose)
2. create a holistic view of traffic using data simulators(showing and explaining the exercise on each of the available simulators)
3. start learning the movements (independent reproduction of actions on simulator)
Thanks to consistency, children form a connection between the visual image, words, and muscle sensations.
At the second stage - in-depth learning of actions, on each specific simulator the tasks are to clarify the correct execution of actions, correct existing errors and achieve correct execution actions in general.
During training, you should pay attention to the correctness of their actions and encourage children.
At this stage work there is a need to show and explain actions. For this demonstration, you can attract children who perform this action well and correctly. This activates the learning process.
At the third stage of training, the main task is to consolidate and improve the technique of exercises on simulators, stimulating children to independently perform movements and creating opportunities to use them in life (for example, on simulator"Bike" You can teach your child to ride a bicycle).
At this stage, children can be offered individual cards with a schematic representation of one or more simulators, in which children study individually, which significantly reduces the time for explanations (on which work on the simulator) .
Classes are mainly of a plot nature, game techniques are used, it is proposed to perform imitation movements, For example: "Cyclist Race" - riding exercise bike, “Aerialists” - exercises on gymnastic rings, “Jumpers” - jumping on a trampoline, etc.
Each lesson includes exercises with simple and complex simulators and techniques used circuit training .
Circular training- quite effective for this type of activity. Essence circular training is that an individual child practices consistently on each type simulators, and the complexity of the movements and the degree of load are proposed depending on his individual characteristics and physical capabilities. In addition to the circular GCD training is used traditional ways of organizing preschoolers to carry out basic movements: frontal and in-line, involving the performance of one movement or exercise by everyone children simultaneously or alternately performing several movements one after another.
Quantity used simulators depends on the goals set for physical education (from 4-7 simulators) .
Construction structure work using children's sports equipment traditional and includes introductory, main and final parts.
1. Stage I. Introductory part.
Preparing the body for physical activity
At the beginning, a short warm-up is carried out, with a total duration of up to 3-5 minutes: walking at different paces, turning into running, continuous running for no more than two minutes, general developmental exercises.
2. Stage II. Main part.
Open switchgear with and without objects.
The main part includes exercises on simulators lasting from 3 to 5 minutes, after every minute children are offered a rest for 30 to 40 seconds. Children perform elements of self-massage, relaxation exercises, restoring breathing (light stroking, patting, finger gymnastics, psycho-gymnastic studies, as well as relaxation exercises that were learned in previous activities.
After work on each simulator relaxation and breathing exercises are carried out, then children move on to the next simulator. During work on simulators flexibility exercises may be included are used acrobatic exercises (“birch tree”, “bridge”, “swallow”).
Every lesson used as familiar to children, as well as new movements. It is important to alternate exercises so that the load in movements following each other does not fall on the same muscle groups.
During the exercises, it is necessary to monitor the children’s well-being and avoid overload.
The physical education instructor determines the individual load, monitors the implementation of safe rules use of simulators.
3. Final part (3-4 min)
In the final part with children sedentary games and a set of relaxation exercises are conducted, during which children perform various relaxation movements.
Work using simulators should be done up to two times a week: one in the first half of the day (include in the lesson plan, the second can be in the afternoon (instead of gymnastics after nap) and independent activities.
As a result of the ongoing work using simulators Children not only improve their general physical fitness, but also improve their overall health.
Children's simulators– the path to a healthy childhood and success in adulthood.
Sample exercises on simulators for children 4-7 years old
Appendix to the program "STRENGTH"
Prepared by: Varentsova Marina Vladislavovna physical education instructor at MADOU d/s No. 39 of a combined type in the city of Tyumen. This application will be useful and interesting for teachers additional education, physical education instructors."Vertical thrust"
Helps strengthen and train the muscles of the back, arms, shoulder girdle. Recommended for stooped back, round back, flat back, sluggish posture.
1. I.p.: sitting facing the machine, arms up, hands with an overhand grip, legs bent at an angle of 90°, feet on the floor shoulder-width apart.
Bend your arms to your chest, elbows down, look forward.
2. I.p.: the same.
Bend your arms to your shoulders, elbows to the sides, bring your shoulder blades together.
3. IP: sitting with your back to the machine, arms up, legs bent at an angle of 90°, feet on the floor shoulder-width apart.
Bend your arms, bar behind your head (on your shoulder blades), elbows to the sides, look forward.
"Rowing"
Helps strengthen and train the trunk muscles, abdominals, upper shoulder girdle. Recommended for flat back and sluggish posture.
1. IP: sitting facing the machine, arms forward - down, hands on the bar, legs bent, feet resting on the bar.
Bend over, arms straight.
2. I.p.: the same.
At the same time, straighten your torso and bend your arms, hands towards your stomach.
3. I.p.: the same.
At the same time, straighten your torso and bend your arms, hands towards your shoulders.
"Incline bench"
Develops the abdominal muscles that flex the spine. Recommended for stooped, flat back.
Lying on your back, on a bench, your legs are fixed with holders.
1. Bend your torso, hands on your belt.
2. Arms along the body.
3. Hands to shoulders.
"Support Bench"
Develops the muscles that straighten the spine, strengthens the muscles of the lower back and abdominals. Recommended for stooped, flat back.
1. I.p.: lying on your stomach, torso bent, hands on your waist.
Bend your torso, torso and legs in one line, elbows to the sides.
2. I.p.: lying on your stomach, torso bent, arms up.
Hands to shoulders, straighten your torso.
3. I.p.: lying on your stomach, torso bent, arms up.
Arms bent forward - up, fingers on fingers in front of the head, straighten the torso.
"Support bars"
Strengthens the abdominal muscles. Recommended for round back, flat-concave, scoliotic posture.
Standing on the handrail, press your lower back tightly against the back of the machine, rest your hands on your forearms, and grab the holders with your hands.
1. Bend your knees.
2. Raise straight legs at an angle of 90°.
"Mini-trampoline"
Develops agility, speed, coordination of movements, prevention of flat feet.
1. Low jumps.
2. High jumps.
3. Walk with your knees high.
4. Jumps.
5. Jumping with dumbbells.
6. Jumping with tasks for the hands.
7. Jumping with turns left - right.
8. Jumping to reach an object suspended above your head.
9. Jumping from the trampoline to the mat.
10. Jumping from a trampoline onto a cube.
11. Jumping from a cube onto a trampoline.
12. Jumping from a cube onto a trampoline and mat.
"Treadmill"
Improves cardiovascular function and respiratory systems, develops coordination of movements, endurance, strengthens leg muscles.
1. I.p.: standing, one foot on the floor, the other on the track.
Scroll the tape with one foot (alternate left and right feet)
2. Walking in the tracks.
3. Walking with changes in pace.
4. Running alternating with walking.
5. Running with changes in pace.
6. Walking with your eyes closed.
7. Walking backwards.
"Exercise bike"
Strengthens and trains the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, strengthens leg muscles, and develops endurance. Recommended for sluggish posture, scoliosis, flat-concave back.
Rotate the pedals at a given speed.
« Strength trainer»
Strengthens the muscles of the arms, chest, legs.
1. I.p.: lying on your back, feet on a stand.
Take the barbell with an overhand grip at a distance slightly wider than your shoulders, lowering your elbows, lift it above you, straightening your arms, lower the barbell to your chest.
2. I.p.: lying on your stomach, feet under the support of the simulator.
Raise your legs with weights.
"Mini Twist"
1. I.p.: feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the handles.
Make movements with your legs to the right - to the left.
2. I.p.: standing with one leg on the disc (the other is bent). Alternate legs.
Perform rotational movements left and right.
3. I.p.: standing on the disk on all fours, lean your hands on the frame.
Rotate right - left.
4. IP: feet shoulder-width apart.
Push off from the handle and begin to rotate in a circle to the right - to the left.
“Gymnastic ball (inflatable)”
Allows you to create optimal conditions For correct position torso, harmonious training and strengthening of the main muscle groups and vestibular apparatus. Recommended for disorders of the musculoskeletal system, posture and muscle tone.
1. I.p.: sitting on the ball, legs apart, arms down, hold the ball with your palms.
Lightly swing up and down on the ball without lifting your feet off the floor.
2. I.p.: sitting on the ball.
Perform movements of the pelvis back and forth, left and right, without bouncing. Lower your hands and lightly hold the ball with your palms.
3. I.p.: sitting on the ball, hands to shoulders.
Arms to the sides, bouncing slightly on the ball.
4. I.p.: lying on your stomach, legs and arms on the floor.
“Stepping over” with our hands, we step forward, rolling our body into the “feet on the ball” position.
5. I.p.: lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, support on the foot.
Tilt your head back, spread your arms to the sides, relax your muscles.
6. I.p.: the same.
Bend over into the “bridge” position and at the same time extend one leg forward and up.
7. I.p.: lying on your stomach, legs and arms on the floor.
Raise your shoulders up, spread your arms to the sides, bend at the lower back.
"Expander"
Develops the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
1. IP: legs together, expander at hip level.
Slowly raise your arms forward and up, stretching the expander.
2. IP: legs slightly apart, expander at chest level.
Raise your arms, stretch the expander, swing your right (left) leg.
3. I.p.: sitting, legs apart, expander on the hips.
Bend forward, stretch the expander, trying to hook it on your toes.
4. IP: lying on your stomach, arms up.
Stretch the expander and lift your torso.
5. IP: feet shoulder-width apart, right (left) arm and leg on the handles of the expander.
Pull the expander up, lean left (right).
"Mini Stepper"
1. I.p.: standing on the pedals, hands on the handrails.
Perform alternate lowering and raising of the pedals under your own weight.
2. Walking with tasks for the hands.
3. Walking, hands behind your back.
4. Walking with changes in pace.
"Disk Health"
Strengthens the muscles of the torso and legs, develops coordination of movements, trains vestibular apparatus.
1. I.p.: standing on all fours, resting your hands (or feet) on the disc.
Move in a circle, swing left and right.
2. I.p.: standing with one foot on the disc (the other on the floor).
Rotate left - right.
3. I.p.: standing with one foot on the disc.
Push off the floor with your other foot and rotate in a circle.
4. I.p.: standing with both feet on the disc.
Rotate left - right.
5. I.p.: sitting cross-legged.
6. I.p.: kneeling.
Pushing off the floor with your hands, rotate left and right.
7. I.p.: standing on two disks, hands on the belt.
Make rotational movements with your legs to the right - to the left.
8. I.p.: standing on two legs, lean forward and grab the support with your hands.
Rotate the disk left and right with your feet.
"Rubber ring"
Develops the muscles of the hands.
1. I.p.: o.s.
Raise your arms to the sides, squeeze the rings.
2. IP: legs slightly apart, arms pulled back.
Sit down, arms forward - up, squeeze the rings (“Sh-Sh-Sh”)
3. I.p.: sitting, rings are put on the big toes.
Raise your legs and hold the “angle”.
"Gymnastic roller"
Strengthens the main muscle groups, develops the coordination apparatus.
1. I.p.: sitting, support behind, feet on the handles of the roller.
2. I.p.: standing on one leg, the other on the roller disc.
Roll the roller forward and backward.
3. I.p.: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, roller in hands.
Roll the roller forward - backward, right - left, do not bend your legs.
4. IP: lying on your stomach, roller in front with outstretched arms.
Lifting top part torso, roll the roller under you.
5. I.p.: sitting, support behind.
Lift the roller between your feet or knees with both legs.
6. Jumping over the roller, around.
7. I.p.: standing, roller in hands at hip level.
Stepping over the roller without unclenching your hands or removing them from the roller.
Treadmill – Hummingbird massager
Strengthens leg muscles, develops endurance.
1. Holding the handrail with both hands, imitate walking or running.
2. Holding the handrail with one hand, imitate walking or running.
3. Holding the handrail, walk up to the top and slide down.
4. Holding the handrail with both hands at the bottom at the base, slide up and down in a half-squat.
5. Go up the path, go down by walking or sliding.
6. Holding the handrail with both hands in the middle, pulling and relaxing your arms, go up and down, sliding along the rollers.
Rope ladder.
Gymnastic ladder, standard, reinforced against the wall
Designed to improve climbing skills, develop arm, shoulder and torso strength, and develop agility. Develops a sense of confidence and self-affirmation.
1. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the bottom rail, hands at chest level.
Sit down (“half-hang”).
2. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the bottom rail, arms as high as possible.
Lower your legs down (“hanging”).
3. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the bottom rail, hands at chest level.
Alternately and simultaneously moving the straight legs back.
4. I.p.: standing facing the wall, feet on the bottom rail, arms as high as possible.
From the “hang” swing the legs left and right (“pendulum”).
5. I.p.: standing with your back to the wall, hands on the rail just above your head, feet on the lower rail.
Bend forward (“arc”).
6. I.p.: the same.
Alternately raise your legs bent at the knees.
7. I.p.: the same.
Raise your straight legs one by one.
8. I.p.: standing with your back to the wall, feet on the floor.
Bend back, gradually intercepting the slats lower and lower (“bridge”).
9. I.p.: standing facing the wall, right (left) leg on the rail at a comfortable height.
Without bending your legs, lean towards her
10. I.p.: the same.
Squat lightly on your supporting leg several times.
Gymnastic rings
They strengthen the vestibular apparatus, develop dexterity, strength, coordination of movements, and develop courage.
1. Rocking forward - backward.
2. Twisting - unwinding.
3. Pull yourself up with your arms to reach the rings with your chin.
4. Raise your legs bent at the knees.
5. Raise your legs straight.
6. "Swing". Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then, alternately intercepting the ropes of the rings with your hands, pass your legs further - to the thigh. The child finds himself sitting on a swing and needs to be rocked.
7. "Bat." Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then release your hands one by one. It turns out to be “hanging” on bent legs.
8. "Frog" Grabbing the rings with your hands, threading your feet into the rings so that the upper arch of the foot rests against the lower part of the ring, then the torso bends down and the head rises up.
9. "Ring". Grab the rings with your hands, jump up, raising your legs, pass them through the rings to the knee, then alternately clasp your toes with your hands, bending.
10. “Handstand.” Grabbing the rings with your hands. Jumping, stretch your legs up along the ropes, try to straighten your torso and legs, head down.
11. Somersault. Grab the rings with your hands, slightly pull yourself up on your arms and at the same time jump, perform a back flip with your legs bent.
12. “Ring stand.” Perform the “swing” exercise and grab your hands higher. Gradually removing your right (left) leg from the ring, lean on it with the middle of your foot. Straighten your legs, keep your hands at chest level.
Presentation. Mathematics for children 5-7 years old “Forest School” Simulator game
Author: Likhovskikh Ruzigul Gardulloevna teacher KGKOU orphanage 18 p. Otradnoye, Vyazemsky district, Khabarovsk Territory.Description:
I bring to your attention a training game in mathematics for children 5-7 years old
"Forest School" using a PowerPoint presentation.
The use of multimedia accompaniments makes the lessons emotionally charged, attractive, arouses a keen interest in learning in the child, and serves as a visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good performance of the lesson.
The material will be useful to preschool teachers, additional education teachers, and primary school teachers.
Goals:
1. Summarize the knowledge gained. Strengthen skills in the material covered: quantity and counting within 5; distinguish geometric shapes.
2. Develop children's perceptions and ideas through the accumulation and expansion of sensory experience. Develop visually effective and visually imaginative thinking by teaching methods of mental action (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, establishing cause-and-effect relationships).
3. Cultivate an interest in mathematics and a desire to work in a team.
Tasks:
1. Fix direct counting within 5, knowledge of numbers within 5, denoting the number of objects with a number.
2. Continue to form spatial concepts and the ability to navigate on the screen.
3. Strengthen the ability to distinguish and name geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval).
4. Consolidate knowledge on the composition of numbers.
5. Develop logical thinking, attention, memory.
6. Hardware and software:
A computer with PowerPoint 2010 installed;
Speakers;
Screen.
Explanatory note: Enable “slide show”, “from the beginning”.
By clicking on any area of the screen, the answer to the question appears.
Let's start the game.
Block 1: Repeat the numbers.
How many suns are there behind a cloud,
How many refills are there in a fountain pen?
How many noses does an elephant have?
How many watches are on your hand?
How many legs does a fly agaric have?
And the sapper's attempts,
He knows and is proud of himself,
Column figure... (unit)
How many ears are there on the top of the head?
How many legs does a half-frog have?
How many mustaches does a catfish have?
At the planet of the poles,
How many halves are there in total?
In a pair of brand new shoes,
And the front paws of a lion
Only the number knows... (two)
How many months are there in winter?
In summer, in autumn, in spring,
How many eyes does a traffic light have?
Baz on the baseball field
at the sports sword
And the stripes on our flag,
No matter what anyone tells us,
The number knows the truth... (three)
... How many legs does a mongoose have?
Petals in a cabbage flower,
Fingers on a chicken leg
And on the back paw of a cat,
Tanya's hand with Petya
And all the sides in the world
And the oceans in the world,
The number knows... (four)
How many fingers are there on a hand?
And a penny in the pocket,
The starfish has rays,
Five rooks have beaks,
Blades of maple leaves
And the corners of the bastion,
Tell me about it all
The number will help us... (five)
Butterflies and birds were the first to fly to the clearing!
How many butterflies and how many birds have arrived? (five butterflies and 5 birds)
Then the bunnies came galloping
How many rabbits are there in the clearing? (4 bunnies)
Next came the hedgehogs
How many people live in the clearing? (5 hedgehogs)
Little frogs and little mice galloped after them
How many frogs and mice are there in the clearing? (3 frogs and 2 mice)
And last came the fox and the bear
How many foxes and bears are there in the clearing? (1 bear and 1 fox)
Block 2: geometric shapes
SQUARE
I am a figure - no matter where,
Always very smooth
All angles in me are equal
And four sides.
Kubik is my beloved brother,
Because I'm a square.
RECTANGLE
My canvas is not square
It's rectangular!
I'll draw on it
Various shapes!
TRIANGLE
I'm under the triangular roof
I'll hide from the rain.
The roof is triangular,
Hide me quickly!
CIRCLE
Round ball and sun disk
Round shape too!
Roll the ball across the clearing,
And the circle can roll!
OVAL
The circle fell from a height.
It’s no longer a circle – it’s an oval!
It's oval, like a bug
He looks like a zucchini
On the eyes and on the potatoes,
And it also looks like a spoon,
On a nut and on an egg,
For an oval face!
What figures are on the road? (oval, triangle, rectangle, square)
The little animals came and took the figurines
What figures did the animals take?
And they built themselves a house!
What shapes is the house made of?
And the last task:
Find 10 differences in the picture.
Well done guys.
"Forest School"
Presentation "Forest School" math training game for children 5-7 years old
"The use of children's simulators as effective remedy development of physical qualities"
MKDOU kindergarten No. 12
Physical education instructor
Milenaya Elena Ivanovna
Physical qualities
Flexibility- a person’s ability to perform exercises with a large amplitude. Also, flexibility is the absolute range of motion in a joint or series of joints, which is achieved in an instantaneous force.
Rapidity- a person’s ability to perform a motor action in a minimum period of time for given conditions with a certain frequency and impulsiveness: the main forms of manifestation.
Dexterity- this is the ability to quickly coordinate movements in accordance with the changing game situation.
Strength- this is the ability to overcome a certain resistance or counteract it due to muscle activity.
Endurance- this is the ability to withstand physical fatigue during muscle activity.
From the history of simulators
The first simulators for the formation of motor skills appeared in ancient times. Even then, people sought to speed up learning using various devices. For example, in Ancient Rome gladiators practiced attack and defense techniques using a structure consisting of several continuously rotating double-edged balls. In the Middle Ages, knights learned to wield a spear by attacking a target, which, if hit accurately, would fall, and if hit inaccurately, would hit the knight. swipe on the back. In the 19th century, springs and rubber tension devices were invented, preserved in various modifications to this day.
Modern simulators
can be divided into physical education and health, sports, medical and production and technical. In kindergarten, we use physical education and health training equipment, which, when used systematically, is a reliable means of preventing physical inactivity and hypokinesia in children. Depending on the design of the simulator and, consequently, on the structure and nature of the movement itself, it turns out to be possible to develop predominantly one or another motor quality. A clear target orientation of the exercises on the simulator, the choice of the nature and method of their implementation allows you to manage training process, avoiding overloads and complications, which is very important for physical education children.
The use of simulators makes it possible to ensure that children develop correct ideas about the technique of complex motor actions. In addition, it ensures the preliminary development of motor qualities that determine the success of their implementation. The importance of simulators in classes and in individual work with lagging children, as well as to increase the motor activity of children in their independent activities, which makes up about 70% of the time spent in a preschool institution.
Now in kindergartens gyms are actively provided with various simulators. Special sets of exercises for them are developed depending on the purpose of the training. This helps to diversify physical education classes and strengthen motor activity child.
Main tasks in the organization educational activities
· development of psychophysical qualities: strength, endurance, speed; Help strengthen muscles and maintain overall body tone; · nurturing self-control, organization and independence; · support interest in physical education, instill a healthy lifestyle.
Types of simulators used in working with preschoolers: simple simulators and complex devices. The simplest exercise machines are easy to use: they do not take up much space and can be moved from one room to another.
The simplest type of simulators:
· Gymnastic roller.
· Health disk.
· Children's dumbbells, weights.
· Massage mat.
· Children's expander.
· Hummingbird massager.
· Small ball – massager.
· Large ball – massager.
· Rubber ring.
· Gymnastic balls.
Complex device simulators:
Exercise bike
"Bike".
· Mini twist.
· Mini stepper.
· Mini-trampoline.
· Strength trainer.
· Running on the waves.
· Rowing.
· Rider.
· Treadmill.
· Bench.
· Top pull.
· Lower rod.
· Leg press (machine).
· Support bars.
exercise bike
A children's exercise bike is an excellent opportunity to train the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and develop endurance in children.
Children's simulator A trampoline brings a lot of joy to children and at the same time develops all muscle groups, as well as the vestibular apparatus, improves blood circulation, and increases immunity.
Balance trainers
These exercise machines develop a sense of balance, promote dexterity and strength. Such simulators, as a rule, consist of a block on which the child sits or stands. The block is mobile due to which the child needs to make an effort to maintain his balance. There are different models for children of different ages. Adding pedals to these machines makes it more difficult sports load, requiring a lot of effort from the child. The simplest of these simulators are discs - plates, which are distinguished by their compactness and reasonable price.
Stepper trainer
Exercises on the stepper simultaneously strengthen your legs and improve your overall coordination. The pedals, independent of each other, simulate climbing stairs.
Treadmill
The simulator is designed to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, to develop movement coordination, to strengthen different muscles legs, development of endurance.
Rider trainer.
Children's aerobic exercise machine for training in a playful way. Strengthens cardiovascular system, allows you to actively develop the muscles of the back (from the neck to the lower back), legs, shoulder girdle and abs.
Contraindications for using exercise equipment:
Almost all children attending preschool educational institutions are allowed to participate in health training exercises. Absolute contraindications for training using exercise equipment are:
· Chronic and acute diseases of the kidneys and respiratory organs.
· Most heart defects, significant myopia with changes in the fundus.
1. Exercise machines can be used in basic organized activities and in independent motor activities of children, taking into account the level of their physical fitness and individual capabilities.
2. When starting exercises on simulators, you should gradually move from the simplest to more complex exercises.
3. It is important to alternate exercises so that the load in movements following each other does not fall on the same muscle groups.
4. During the exercises, it is necessary to monitor the children’s state of health and avoid overload. Choose the dosage of exercises based on the degree of fitness of the body.
5. In order to foster independence and activity, it is advisable to invite children to invent exercises on the simulator themselves, based on their physical capabilities and level of motor skills.
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