The most important thing is Savat - a long-range fighting technique.
This is where the features begin.
1. Savat's hobby - a blow with the toe of a shoe (It is brought to filigree precision (one of the old tests is to punch a hole in a clay jug without breaking the jug itself))
2. The blows of classic French boxing are not particularly strong (emphasis on speed and accuracy).
3. The most developed of all the above martial arts is the section of kicks to the legs.
4. There is a section of cannes - chausson (cane work combined with kicks)
5. All types of strikes (straight - frontal chasse, side - lateral - chasse, circular - fouette) are applied from the knee forward (with the exception of reverse circular - reverse and low kick - cu de pi ba)
6. When kicking, an additional push is made with the pelvis.
7. In classical savate there were no strikes in high jumps or in jumps with a turn, as well as low kicks
8. An analogue of mawashi, the circular blow of fouette is applied not with the shin, but with the instep of the foot or toe
9. There is an interesting variation of the circular blow of the fouette, but it is applied not to the side of the body or head, but with the toe solar plexus or belly.
10. With high or medium impacts, the supporting leg is straight and the foot is turned approximately 75 degrees; with low impacts, a half-squat is performed on the supporting leg, due to which, in combination with the pelvic push, an extension of the blow is achieved.
11. In the classic savate, the body leaned back with a straight chassis and low kicks.
12. During the lateral chassis, the body tilted slightly, unlike in karate, where it is in the same plane as the striking leg.
13. In classic savate, hands did not always fly apart. According to Lecourt, the hands should have been held at the lower abdomen in order to parry kicks or grab them. (Illustrations “according to Lecourt” from Leclerc’s book (1910) were hung in Savate’s training room in the French film “Tiger Squads”), and according to Charlemont, arms had to be spread out for balance, and this method was widespread until the end of the 80s gg. XX century
14. Savat has a well-developed method of countering if the leg is captured by the enemy.
Let's summarize.
The main features of the Savat leg striking technique are accuracy, speed, “length,” and a drop on the supporting leg. The toe is the main weapon of the savate (no shins, balls of the foot, outer edge of the foot, etc.), in classic Savate there are no low kicks, high jumps, turning jumps and other pirouettes. Savat's trick is filigree footwork against feet.
Unfortunately, many features of the classical Savat of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries. Now they remain only the property of enthusiasts, and in the ring we see more or less average leg technique. It is quite possible that it is more effective (or rather requires less training time), but with the loss of features, the aroma of the good old French martial art is lost (it’s like drinking champagne not from a glass, but from a plastic cup).
“Initially there was a folk Celtic pastime - kicking the shins with your feet, then from this the “hooligan” manner of kicking the legs with boots developed, then bored aristocrats added high kicks (they say - from ballet) and introduced soft slippers (chausson) and puffy gloves, so as not to maim each other. Then hand techniques from English boxing were added to all this,” And I’ll add some small clarifications.
High kicks were introduced by the Marseille sailors who practiced "ju de marsay" ("Marseille game") or another name "chausson" (derived from the name of the soft slippers "chausses"). The essence of the chausson was to deliver a “touche” (strikes with a light touch or, in modern terminology, light contact) to a partner with high kicks. The early sawat hand technique included various strikes with the palm, fingers, backhand strokes or outer part palms and was of an auxiliary nature, since criminal elements (from among whom savate emerged) were most often armed with a knife, club or brass knuckles. Next.
1824 - Michel Cassot first systematizes the savate technique.
1832 - Charles Lecour introduces English boxing techniques and a new name - French boxing. But Lecourt focuses specifically on low kicks. By the way, it was the French who were the first to use gloves not only in training, but also in competitive matches.
60s XIX century - the beginning of the era of father and son Charlemont. It was they who began to widely practice high kicks with throwing their arms back, which became the hallmark of French boxing until the end of the 80s. XX century
Late 80s XX century - In Savate, there are jumping strikes, and when kicking, they began to hold their hands, like in kickboxing, near the body.
As for the classic style of kicking in Savat, we recommend watching the following videos from You Tube
1. OLD FRENCH BOXING SAVATE 03/29/1934
2. Roger LaFond method of canne, baton and French boxing
3. SAVATE - FRENCH BOXING - BOXE FRANCAISE - savate performed by Charlemont, filmed in 1894.
4.Lady kicker
5. SAVATE - FRENCH BOXING - 1894 - Boxe francaise - also performed by Charlemont.
6. Count Pierre Baruzy SAVATE - French boxing - savate in the 60s of the XX century.
7. SAVATE Salle Wagram 05/03/1969
Educational films on modern Savat can be downloaded on Torrents. Ru
These are educational films on self-defense using savat techniques and adding techniques from jujutsu and krav maga.
1. Savate Defense - BASIC TECHNIQUES (Eric Quequet) (2008)
2. Savate Defense - ADVANCED TECHNIQUES (Eric Quequet) (2004)
3. Street.Boxing by.Robert.Paturel
4. Street savate Vol-2 Power Punching (Daniel Duby)
You can also recommend educational films on the sports savat technique
5. Savate Basics - Saignac (1998)
6. SAVATE MES TEQHNIQUES DE CHAMPION (2004)
Feature films where the savat technique is demonstrated.
1. Savat (Starring Olivier Gruner), though here it looks more like average kickboxing
2. Parisian secrets (In the main role - Jean Marais, by the way, he himself practiced savate)
3. Tiger detachments (about the French political police of the early 20th century).
4. Arsene Lupine
Further books are freely available on the Internet
1. Andre E. Self-defense (1909) - applied use of savat in conditions of street self-defense
2. Savate Students Manual - a manual on the technique of modern French savate
3. http://rohirim.ovh.o...hp?lng=fr&pg=91 - this is a link to a French book on savate from the late 19th century, but unfortunately it cannot be downloaded, but can only be viewed.
4. Manuel moniteur sports combat (1947) - a manual on hand-to-hand combat for the French army, where one of the sections describes the savate technique.
5. Oznobishin N. N. Art hand-to-hand combat(1930) - describes in detail the use of the Savate technique for self-defense.
In these materials one can see and compare the development of classical and modern savat techniques.
In addition, we must not forget that savat is complex system, and earlier at the Joinville School, which since the mid-19th century. trained cadres of physical training instructors for the French army, savat was studied in conjunction with wrestling (for close-range combat), “four-way defense” (use of savat in conditions of attack by several people), fencing with a cane, saber, sword, and bayonet fighting. And all savat masters taught cane fencing at the same time.
Thus, a person who, in addition to sports savat, has also studied the basics of wrestling and fencing with a stick (cane), can consider himself fully prepared for street surprises.
In conclusion, it can be noted that do not look for savat performed by heads of schools, great masters, etc. This is not the Far East. There is no need here to look for bearers of the true tradition, to study directly from French masters, they will not hide secrets from you, etc. You will not find here the genealogical lines of the families of masters, most likely you will also not be accepted as the adopted son of a master (in French terminology - professor). The only way to master Savat is to find a club, sign up and practice. If your health does not allow you to fight with hard contact, practice in the “asso” section - this is a fight with light contact, where the technicality of performing techniques is assessed first of all. (By the way, even in komba - the Savat section, full contact combat (no helmets or protectors, only boots - Savat on the feet and gloves on the hands) if the blow is performed technically incorrectly, it is not evaluated). Another question is that since the savators are against professional sports, but only for amateurs, there are much fewer Savat clubs than other martial arts.
First, let's understand the terminology. The traditional savate refers to the fighting technique of the French criminal elements of the XVIII - early XIX centuries, until Charles Lecourt introduced hand techniques from English boxing in 1832.
Classic French boxing. Practiced from 1832 until the end of the 80s. XX century French feet and English boxing.
Modern French boxing - since the late 80s. XX century French legs and English boxing. Additionally, low kicks and jumps are introduced.
As for the traditional savat, it dates back to the 19th century. was practically supplanted by French boxing. Although I continued to practice separate groups enthusiasts.
Interesting materials are posted on the website savateaustralia.com.
I especially recommend paying attention to the following articles from this site
1. Open Hands (1889) - technique of striking with an open hand from traditional sawat
2.Boots and Self Protection in the Civilian Environment - the use of heels in traditional savat
Now let’s conduct a small comparative analysis of traditional savate and French boxing
Traditional Savate was based on sweeps and kicks to the legs at the lower level (mostly not above the knee)
But low kicks, characteristic of traditional savate, are also quite sufficient in modern French boxing.
1) Chasse.
- frontal chasse with the heel to the front of the thigh.
- frontal chasse with the heel turning to the front of the thigh
- lateral chassis with heel to thigh
2) Fouette.
- fouette bass on the outer side of the thigh
- fouette bass inside hips
3) Reverse
- reverse heel to thigh
- reverse heel turn to hip
4) Ku de pi ba
- swing blow (without extending the knee) to the shin with the inner edge of the foot
5) Sweeps
- sweeping sweep (low fouetté)
- side sweep (ku de pi ba, if it’s on the leg bone, it’s very painful)
- circular cutting (reverse at the lower level)
Total - 8 allowed kicks at the lower level and 3 sweeps.
To this we add those prohibited by the rules, which are included in the arsenal of French boxing and are often studied
1) Frontal fouette (kick with the instep of the foot to the groin)
2) Fouette in the lower abdomen with the toe
3) Frontal chasse with the toe in the lower abdomen
4) Frontal chasse with heel to knee
5) Lateral chassis with heel to knee (front or side)
6) Trampling with the heel on the instep or big toe
7) Vertical knee strike to the groin
In total, the arsenal of modern French boxing includes
15 different low level kicks and 3 sweeps
I doubt that the traditional savat arsenal was more diverse.
In addition, although they are not used in competitions, the arsenal of French boxing includes grabs and throws
Grips.
1) Cravat
2) Necklace
3) Clinch
4) Leg lock
5) Grabbing the arm in the elbow bend
Throws
1) Through the thigh
2) Through the thigh with a head grab
3) Rear step
4) rear step with leg grip
5) Throw with two legs
6) Throw with one leg grab.
7) Throw with twisting of the leg caught in the key
Plus, the arsenal of French boxing includes working with three types of weapons
1) Epee (rapier, saber, sword)
2) Cane (single and double)
3) Pole
Of course, this is a small arsenal, compared, for example, with the 18 types of weapons of traditional Shaolin Wushu.
But in French boxing, work on all types of weapons is studied through contact, there are sparrings, and not just the study of complexes - tao, which we see today in wushu,
Plus, in French boxing, there are sections
1) Self-defense with a cane.
2) French boxing + cane
To sum up, we can say that modern French boxing is a complex combat system in its arsenal, and not some stripped-down sports option, French boxing system created by masters of the 19th century. is in no way inferior to traditional savat, and, moreover, has organically absorbed its most practical elements.
Now let's compare French boxing and kickboxing.
The main difference is the presence of shoes in French boxing, from here all the differences in technique and tactics stem.
1. French boxing teaches you to use the shoe as a weapon. A targeted blow with the hard toe of a boot is much more dangerous than a blow with the surface of a soft foot, and targeted blows with a shoe to the liver, spleen and solar plexus are one of the “calling cards” of French boxing.
2. In French boxing, the distance of kicks is much longer (the ability to strike with the toe of a boot extends the distance of a kick by 15-20 cm) than in kickboxing. This is due to the tactical principles of French boxing, declared back in the rules of 1832: a kick must be delivered from such a distance that the opponent cannot reach you with his hand.
3. In kickboxing, as a rule, punches and kicks are thrown from approximately the same distance. While when teaching French boxing, much attention is paid to how to move from long-distance kicks to medium and close-range attacks with hands, and how to then go back to long-distance for kicks.
4. Movement in French boxing is easier and faster than in kickboxing. This is due to the fact that it is much more convenient to move in boots than barefoot, having also feet and pads on your feet.
5. The presence of shin guards and feet on the legs of kickboxers leads to the fact that for application effective strike the athlete needs to exert significant force with his foot. In French boxing, kicks are faster in nature. However, do not forget that often even light, but quick kick a boot turns out to be much more dangerous and traumatic than swipe barefoot in a soft foot.
6. In the combat arsenal of French boxing, direct and side chasse (front kick and side kick in kickboxing) to the opponent’s hip and knee are widely used. In kickboxing, any direct strikes to the hip or knee are prohibited. In French boxing these blows serve effective means work against an opponent who relies only on punches.
7. Now about the differences in tactics. Considering the typical pattern of a fight in French boxing and kickboxing, we will see a significant difference: in French boxing, opponents, moving a lot and quickly, “shoot” each other with various kicks from a long distance, trying after their attack to avoid the enemy’s blows, breaking the distance. In kickboxing, generally, athletes try to reach medium and close distance as quickly as possible in order to use their entire arsenal of punches and kicks, i.e. a kickboxing fight is more violent in nature.
8. One of the classic fight patterns in French boxing is to carry out numerous and varied strikes to the legs (a legacy of the traditional savate), which leads to the opponent losing the ability to quickly move around the ring.
And here is the opinion of one of the masters of Savat, Baron Yves Fenier, about the differences between karate and Savat
"Those stupid karatekas value so much the ability to break bricks and the like, but that's not what you need to work on, strength is secondary. Forget about strength and work on the ability to judge distance, speed and accuracy of movements."
Let us summarize, as can be seen from comparative review, there are quite significant differences between Savate and kickboxing.
Further, as a comparative analysis showed, French boxing included the traditional savate technique in its arsenal, significantly enriching it.
In fact, traditional savate was simply a set of techniques, while classical French boxing was brought into a harmonious system.
In Savate there is no admiration for tradition, which is characteristic of Eastern martial arts, and here you will not see a contrast, for example, between traditional and sports wushu, or traditional and sports karate. At the same time, the traditional is declared spiritual and practical, and the sportive is primitive and emasculated. There is no such thing in Savat, people just go to the club and train.
Let's add a little more about savat.
So savate and kickboxing.
1. The blows in savate are mostly biting, in kickboxing with a carry they are forceful. In savate due to the use of shoes, there is no need for power blows, since they hit with a toe in hard shoes; a blow that is not strong by the standards of the same kickboxing can be enough to knock out the enemy. Leg technique is built from this state of affairs.
2. The arsenal of kicks in Savate is much larger than in kickboxing
3. There is a significant section on how to get out of situations when the leg is caught after a blow (there is no such section in kickboxing)
4. There are techniques for countering wrestling techniques
5. A number of techniques are focused on the use of surrounding objects - pushing off the back from the wall when kicking, leaning on a wall or tree when kicking, etc. p.
6. Strikes to the supporting leg, knee (there is no such thing in kickboxing), the ability to deliver “point” strikes with a sharp toe, which is completely absent in kickboxing.
7. An extensive section of kicks to the legs - stopping blows to the thigh and knee, sweeping blows to the shin, low kick (in kickboxing, except for the low kick, all other blows are absent)
8. Section Box de la rue (practiced since the 19th century (street self-defense - countering several opponents, freeing from holds, fighting with a cane and defense against an armed attack) - this section is absent in kickboxing.
9. In kickboxing, circular blows are applied with the instep of the foot, in savate - with the instep or toe.
10. And once again about tactics. Since the blows are fast and at the same time quite lethal, the tactical pattern of the fight changes - unlike Muay Thai and Kickboxing, where the fight often comes down to a forceful exchange of blows in one place, in Savate maneuvering in the ring is very important. This is again facilitated by shoes; it is much easier to move quickly in them than barefoot.
And small additions.
If savat is complex martial art, which includes both sports combat techniques and self-defense techniques and weapons combat, having 200 summer story, then kickboxing originally arose as combat sports in the ring.
Further, as Dan Inosanto said, comparing Muay Thai and Savate " Powerful blows Thai boxing makes it very difficult to continue the fight, and the precise blows of the savat cause a strong desire to stop the fight altogether."
A small note: “Since the Thais are good at kicking with the shin, taekwondo fighters punch into the stomach with the heel, etc.”, and Savateurs punch well with the toe.
I completely agree with the statement “Simple traditional and sporty savat is enough sporty look and you shouldn’t look for something from oriental styles and internal content in it." Absolutely right, savate is a hand-to-hand fight of French origin with a two-hundred-year history and traditions, beautiful and aristocratic, nothing more and nothing less.
At the same time, there is an objection regarding “If all the technique is from kickboxing, then how, for example, does Savate differ from it?” I'll add a little later
There is an objection to the question: “If all the technique is from kickboxing, then how, for example, does Savate differ from it.
As already written above, the time of appearance of savat is 1832.
Kickboxing - 1970s.
So, in my opinion, it is more correct to say that if the kickboxing technique is similar to savate, then why was it necessary to create kickboxing?”
In general, it is not clear why there was a need to “reinvent the wheel” by combining English boxing with foot techniques from taekwondo, if there was already a ready-made combat system. Most likely the reason lies in the fact that Savate is a local French system, which only in the late 1980s. began to be actively promoted by the French. By the way, we can partly thank the eastern BI for this; it was the violent propaganda of the eastern BI that awakened in Europe somewhere in the 70s. interest in one's own martial arts. Most likely, it was the elementary ignorance of the existence of Savate that prompted the Americans and became one of the reasons for the creation of kickboxing.
In addition, in savate, great importance is attached to the culture of the behavior of the savator.
1. It is not recommended to make scandalous statements before a fight.
2. Noisy, spectacular entrances into the ring are not recommended.
3. Avoid decorating yourself with tattoos. amulets, etc.
And one more note, at competitions where different styles of karate are presented, it is also difficult to distinguish representatives of one style from another, the technique is more or less similar for everyone.
Let's draw conclusions. Savate has quite a few differences from kickboxing. Sometimes they are not immediately apparent, but upon deeper familiarization with the subject, rather profound differences in both technology and tactics become apparent. As best I could, I tried to acquaint the respectable public with them.
cl words: savat, boxing, history, video, Michel Casso, chaussonThe word "savat" in French means "old worn out shoe", and in figuratively- “tramp, tramp, ragamuffin.” This is the name of the French method of kicking in shoes with the addition of punches, if necessary.
Savate originated from the ancient entertainment of French peasants, which consisted of alternately exchanging blows with booted feet on each other's shins. By the beginning of the 18th century, savat had transformed from a primitive “sport” into a unique method of “sorting out relationships” between commoners. Dueling savate was practiced in two versions: with and without restrictions. In the first case, strikes by lifting the foot to the shins and thighs, as well as punches to the body, were allowed, nothing more. In the second option, it was possible to break legs (for this they wore special boots with sharp welts, shod with nails), knock out eyes and teeth, turn the face into a bloody mess, etc.
This second option was adopted by the bandits. In addition to shod feet and bare hands, they widely used brass knuckles, a knife and a club. In other words, criminals practiced savate as a method of brutal hand-to-hand combat. In general, savat was most popular among the lower strata of society: tramps, thieves, beggars, farm laborers, pimps, loaders, artisans, street robbers and the like.
In 1824, his techniques were systematized by a certain Michel Casso (1794-1869). According to the text of the brochure he published, the basis of the sawat technique was direct, circular and lateral blows with feet shod in rough shoes on the knees, shins and ankle joints. The blows were applied with the toe or edge of a shoe. The groin and stomach were most often considered too high targets, but some fighters preferred these places, and some virtuosos even kicked to the head. Sweeping was very popular.
Hands were required to be kept primarily down to grab the enemy’s legs and to block his blows aimed at the groin. Fists were almost never used; the striking surfaces were the palms (base, “boats”), as well as the fingers. The targets for strikes with an open hand were mainly on the head: eyes, ears, throat, temples, nose. The punches and kicks were not particularly powerful, but their speed and accuracy were truly impressive.
In 1832, Casso's student, Charles Lecourt (1808-1894), combined the French kicking technique with the hand fighting technique from English boxing. At the same time, he replaced the rough shoes with felt slippers, and covered the fighters’ hands with boxing gloves. In addition, Lecourt introduced fight rules based on the rules of English boxing of that time. He called what happened “French boxing.”
In the period from the late 30s. XIX century and until 1900, French boxing gradually replaced the “classical” savate from the sphere of folk entertainment and duels. But among criminals and police officials it remained almost unchanged. Since then, when they mean defense and attack “on the street,” then they say “savat”! When we are talking about a sports-type fight - in the ring, in gloves and soft shoes, according to the rules, under the supervision of judges - then the term “French boxing” is used.
The most famous figures in French boxing were Joseph Charlemont (1839-1929) and his son Charles (1862-1944). Charlemont the Father finally completed the work on developing technology, tactics and teaching methods, begun by C. Lecourt. In particular, he introduced a number of principles and techniques borrowed from sword fencing, and also supplemented the strikes with techniques of classical (i.e., “French”) wrestling.
After the First World War, the popularity of French boxing began to decline steadily. As a sport, it was inferior to English boxing, and as a system of self-defense it was significantly weaker than classical Savate. By 1938, it was practiced by no more than 500 people throughout France. Only a few enthusiasts made efforts to preserve French boxing. The most famous among them was Count Pierre Barusi (1897-1994), national champion in 1922-37.
In the 60s, the fashion for martial arts (especially the fashion for karate and taekwondo) caused a response in France to revive its own heritage. In 1965, Pierre Barouzi created the National Committee of French Boxing, uniting about 30 clubs (approximately a thousand boxers). Over 20 years it has grown into a National Federation (25 thousand members). In 1985, the International French Boxing Federation arose, which included organizations from 14 countries. Nowadays French and European championships are regularly held.
Impacts in savate were made with the toe, edge or heel of a rough shoe ankle joint, shin, knee of the opponent. The groin, and even more so the stomach, was considered too high a target, although they often hit there too.
Fists were used less often than the open hand. The striking surfaces of the open hand were the edge and base of the palm, fingers, and back. Targets for hitting with the hand were mainly on the head and neck: ears, temples, nose, throat, carotid arteries, back of the head.
The word “savat” itself indicates that this type of fighting received greatest distribution at the bottom of society - among tramps, porters, beggars, criminals, artisans, cab drivers and the like. But there is no exact information regarding how Savate appeared among them, and when this happened.
In some areas of France, for a long time (dating back to the times of the Celts), peasants had a kind of rough entertainment - exchanging blows to each other's shins with their feet shod in old, worn-out shoes. In the end, this entertainment penetrated to Paris, where it quickly became a fighting technique, both dueling and banditry, from the amusement of common people. In this regard, we present the opinion of the modern French historian Michel Delaye. He writes: “Savat originated in the Parisian suburbs in the middle of the 17th century.”
There were no defensive blocks or subterfuges in such a “struggle.” The loser was the one who could no longer endure the pain. Hence the custom of striking one by one. It is clear that the blows themselves were not delivered full force, otherwise the legs would be broken in one movement, the very first! How can one not remember that among ancient and primitive tribes in all regions of the Earth, it was not the art of dodging blows that was highly valued, but the ability to endure them, the ability to endure pain.
Meanwhile, the French are of Celtic origin. So it is quite possible that the roots of “savat” should be sought precisely in the Celtic customs of the pre-Christian era.
According to the writer Théophile Gautier (1811-1872), who was passionate about French boxing, the evolution of Savat in Paris looked like this. At first, it was just a street entertainment for residents of the outskirts, so to speak, an “art and sports show” in which everyone could participate. Then it turned into a means of “showing things off,” into a kind of duel between unarmed representatives of the lower strata of society.
The most significant fights took place on a vast wasteland known as Pointe de L'Isle. Rivals arrived there, accompanied by their witnesses, and asked before fighting: “Are we going to do anything?” Depending on the degree of offense, the answer was either positive or negative. In the first case, they put on special boots with sharp welts and shod with nails, insidious blows were allowed (for example, in the stomach, in the genitals), it was not forbidden to break the nose, gouge out eyes, and turn the face into a bloody mess. In the second version of the fight, only blows with the instep of the foot on the shins and thighs, as well as punches to the body with the fist, were considered acceptable, nothing more. In other words, there was an analogy with sword duels carried out “to first blood” (usually as a result of a trifling scratch) and “to death.”
In the middle of the 18th century, the most famous master of the dueling savat was a certain Baptiste, a former dancer who learned this art at the court of the Duke of Berry. He himself invented the kick of the feet at the upper level, i.e. in the chest and head. The place where this person studied savate is very interesting. The fact is that it was the province of Bury (the capital city of Bourges), a duchy in the period 1360 to 1434, that was one of those regions where the ancient folk custom of beating each other on the legs for fun was preserved. Another such region is Calvados province with its center in the city of Caen (this is in Normandy).
In addition to Baptiste, some famous masters of savat were Carp, Mignon, Rochereau, Sabatier, Fanfan, Francois and Champagne. Judging by the absence of surnames, they were all people of low social origin and status.
Finally, at the third stage of distribution among Parisians, criminals adopted savat.
This word translates as “slipper, soft shoe.” According to the definition of one of the French explanatory dictionaries, “chausson is a shoe without a heel, with a sole made of felt or drape, which is used for dancing, fencing and other exercises that require a “light foot.”
It is known that in the middle of the 17th century in Provence, especially in and around Marseille, a kind of competition was popular, the participants of which tried to touch the toe of the foot, shod in slippers, to the partner’s body above the waist. This competition was called “je de Marseilles” - “Marseilles Game”. It was especially liked by the sailors of commercial and military ships assigned to the port of Marseille. The voyages of sailing ships lasted a very long time, the crews were desperately bored, so they were glad to have any active entertainment during the time. Marseilles sailors began to use kicks to the body and head during fights on the piers and in port taverns. True, the technique of these strikes was far from perfect. Often the one who tried to kick the opponent’s head with his foot fell with him. Then a technique was born when a fighter rests both hands on the deck and kicks with his foot above the opponent’s waist. Later it entered the arsenal of French boxing.
In Paris, chausson became popular much later than savat, only at the end of the 20s of the 19th century. This is due to social factors. The fact is that in the halls (and especially in the basements) of the then “savateurs” the main clientele were workers and wealthy young loafers. However effective techniques street fights were of interest not only to them, but also to respectable bourgeois, army and police officers, and people of liberal professions. At the same time, the “noble” public did not want to communicate either with the “golden youth”, or, especially, with the proletarians.
In accordance with the demands of the ruling classes, two directions quickly gained strength in Savate. One is the classic Savate, the martial art of commoners and criminals. His technical arsenal was not distinguished by sophistication, relying on strength and cruelty. Nevertheless, the classic savat retained some popularity until the end of the 19th century, especially in rural areas. Another direction is the romantic savat, where instead brute force the diversity of the technique, its aesthetic perfection, accuracy of hits, and “foot play” were valued. Romantic savate was never practiced on the streets, it appeared in the halls and therefore required special soft shoes that would not damage the parquet floor.
It was a martial arts that allowed the ruling elite to be strong without specially training their strength. As the famous French boxing mentor Louis Leboucher wrote a little later in his book, “in our lessons, agility replaces strength... it gives it the appearance of grace and elegance.” For this category of savateurs, “Marseilles fun was simply a godsend. As a result of the fusion of the romantic savate and the Marseille “game”, chausson appeared. The term is believed to have come into use since 1829.
In addition to soft shoes, Chausson's mentors also introduced plump leather gloves. They were concerned about the safety of not only the parquet, but also the fingers and faces of wealthy clients. A kick to the head became a kind of “calling card” of the chausson, just as today a similar blow is a symbol of karate. Chausson was especially fashionable during the reign of King Louis Philippe, during the years of the so-called “July Monarchy”: 1830-1848.
MICHELLE CASSO
Michel Cassot was born in 1794 in the suburbs of Paris. Since childhood, he was accustomed to brutal fights. In 1824, he published a brochure in which he described in vivid and figurative language the various techniques used in street fights. What he brought to general information, Casso himself called “savat”. The basis of his system was direct, circular and lateral blows of the foot, shod in a rough shoe, on the ankle joint, knee, and shin.
Hands were required to be kept primarily down to grab the enemy’s legs and to block his blows aimed at the groin. However, under a convenient set of circumstances, Casso also recommended striking the head with an open hand. And in especially unfavorable cases, he considered it necessary to use a stick or brass knuckles. Within one week, Casso became a celebrity. Students flocked to him in droves. There were so many of them that at the beginning of 1825 he had to rent a room for classes on Rue Buffaud in Paris.
Among the visitors to this hall one could find representatives of all walks of life - from criminal elements to aristocrats. One of the students was 16-year-old Charles Lecourt. A couple of years later he was already helping the master. And in 1830 he opened his own hall on the street Faubourg Montmartre. However, Lecourt did not like the reputation of savate as a method of brutal fighting, popular primarily among the lower classes of society and the immoral “golden youth”. Therefore, he changed his place of teaching, moving closer to the center, and at the same time he stopped accepting just anyone.
His clientele now consisted of young bourgeois and people of liberal professions (lawyers, doctors, journalists, artists). Lecourt was strong in savate and cane fencing. At the end of 1830, he met Owen Swift, one of the strongest English boxers, in the ring at the Montesquieu Hall and was defeated. Then Lecourt decided to learn English boxing, for which the next year he went to London, to the boxing school of a certain Smith.
Returning home a year later, he continued his studies directly in Paris, with an English coach named Adams who lived there. In 1832, Lecourt began teaching a new discipline, which he gave the name “French boxing” (la boxe francaise). He proclaimed a “code of honor,” published rules, and brought basic technical techniques to public attention. In addition, he stated that every self-respecting man must be able to fence with a cane or sword.
The period from 1862 to 1924 in the history of French boxing can be called the “Charlemont era”. Joseph-Pierre Charlemont began studying French boxing in Algeria, where he military service. After transferring to the reserve, he moved to Paris and was accepted into the Vigneron school of French boxing. In 1862, Monsieur Joseph traveled through a number of European countries, challenging famous boxers English boxing, stick fencers and other fighters. He never lost in any of the matches. He lived like this for 10 years. In 1871, Charlemont took an active part in the Paris Commune, and after the defeat of the Communards he was forced to flee to Belgium.
There he developed his own system, published in the famous treatise of 1877. Thanks to his fame, Joseph Charlemont was amnestied by the French government in the summer of 1879 - a year before the official amnesty of all surviving Communards. Returning to Paris, he opened his famous "Academy of French Boxing", which he led personally until 1899, when he handed over the leadership to educational process son Charles.
Charles Charlemont was the first world champion in French boxing. In 1899, he won a fight with English middleweight champion Jerry Driscoll in the sixth round with a kick to the stomach, putting an end to the showdown between English and French boxing. However, due to the dominance of the Charlemonts, there was no change in generations of masters, and after the First World War the decline of French boxing began. France suffered huge casualties during the war, thousands of boxers died or became disabled.
Charles Charlemont's successor as President of the Academy was Count Pierre Barouzi. It was he who saved French boxing from complete oblivion. In 1937 there was last championship French boxing countries. By this time, no more than 500 people practiced it in just a few clubs in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Suresnes, and Lille. In 1938, the Charlemont Hall closed forever. During the difficult times of the German occupation and the post-war years, Pierre Barouzi did everything possible to prevent French boxing from disappearing completely.
He rented halls at his own expense, trained coaches, paid them salaries, arranged demonstration performances. Until 1860, he single-handedly published a special magazine dedicated to Savate. And all this with one goal - to keep French boxing alive in the minds of its adherents. Meanwhile, the number of those who actively practiced French boxing in the late forties did not exceed one hundred people! Finally, after 20 years of miserable existence, French boxing began to revive. On January 5, 1965, Pierre Barouzi was able to create the National Committee of French Boxing, uniting 30 clubs. Ten years later the committee was transformed into a national federation. And in 1985, the International Federation of French Savate Boxing was created.
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Today, its rules define four forms of combat based on the degree of contact and permitted strike zones: limited contact; light contact; full contact; free style (circular blows to the legs are allowed) (Kulikov A., 1999.). Some authors believe that kickboxing is a synthesis of boxing, karate and judo (Filimonov V.I., Nigmedzyanov R.A., 1999.).
Some of the best manuals for learning kickboxing techniques can be considered educational films released by Benny Urquidez (Benny Urquidez, 1986; 1989). In these tutorials, world kickboxing champion Benny Urquidez, who received sports world nicknamed “reactive”, consistently examines many aspects of an athlete’s training in kickboxing. These films were made in the form of a training seminar with athletes different levels preparation, the class is held in Benny Urquidez’s gym and all the equipment is demonstrated by him personally (Benny “The Jet” Urquidez, Nos. 1–6, 1986).
Another series of eight educational films, created by Benny Urquidez, was distributed through the Budostore (Paris) in 1989. It had no fundamental differences from the previous training series and was distinguished by the addition of two films: No. 5, “Savoir pour gagner!” (“know to win!”) and No. 7, “Une Self-defense efficace” (“ effective self-defense") (Benny "The Jet" Urquidez, "Budostore", 1989.).
We had the opportunity to meet the author of these training manuals at a training seminar in Moscow, where Benny Urquidez demonstrated kickboxing techniques in the ring and talked about himself and his path in sports. He was invited to conduct a seminar, which took place during the World Professional Kickboxing Championship, with the participation of an athlete from our club, Sergei Andrianov.
When our athlete won the fight ahead of schedule, Benny Urquidez presented him with the champion belt. We asked questions to the famous champion to find out his opinion about the fight and the technique of our student. Mr. Urquidez readily answered questions and gave useful tips, which were taken into account by us in further work, both with Sergei Andrianov and with other athletes from the Russian national Savat team.
To summarize the consideration of kickboxing as a sport, we can draw the following conclusion: fighting without shoes forces kickboxers to fight at a shorter distance than in Savate boxing.
Thai boxing(Thai boxing, Thai boxing or Muay Thai) is a tough type of martial arts that uses gloved hands (as in English boxing), elbows, and legs - foot, shin and knee.
Tutorials on this type of martial arts, books and educational videos are now published under several names: muay thai, “muay thai - chakuriki”, thai kickboxing, thai boxing, Thai boxing and Thai boxing. When describing this martial art, we adopted the name “tai-boxing” due to its brevity.
According to some authors (Artemenko O. L. et al., 2001.), the exact date of the birth of this type of martial arts is impossible to establish, since in 1767 Burmese troops destroyed the ancient capital of Siam, and all earlier historical documents were burned by the conquerors.
Today, Thai boxing is very popular in Thailand, with four television channels showing Thai boxing matches several times a week. As for the “signature” strikes of Thai boxing, these are primarily elbow strikes (elbow strikes to the head are especially effective) and knee strikes.
As a teaching aid on Thai boxing techniques, you can use the film “Thai kickboxing”, created by Panther Productions in 1986 (Pudpad Noy Worawoot, 1985.). This film was created with the participation of the champion in Thai boxing, nicknamed “Golden Leg” - Pudpad Noy Worawoot: “Fighting, training, techniques”, it examines many aspects of training in Thai boxing: the traditional dance performed by Thai boxers before a fight, fighting stance, movement, striking technique.
To get an idea of how Thai boxing is developing in the United States, you can read the Thai kickboxing textbook, “Thai kickboxing,” published by the American Martial Arts University (Master Robert Lyons, 1995). The story about tie-boxing and demonstration of technical techniques in this film is carried out by “Master Robert Lyons” from Florida.
Another guide to learning the technique of Thai boxing, but more high level, can be called an educational film created by Tom Haring, famous trainer from Holland. Analyzing the “school of thai boxing” by Tom Haring, we can conclude that it successfully combines good technique English boxing and the traditional style of fighting by Thai boxers (Thai boxing. The Hardest Sport On Earth. “Kwon”, 1991).
Among other films about tai-boxing, it is worth highlighting a series of four educational films (total duration - 3 hours), which discuss various aspects of teaching tai-boxing (Scorpio film, No. 1-4, 1992.).
Summarizing the consideration of Thai boxing, we can conclude that in traditional Thai boxing, great importance was attached to power struggles, as well as the strength and rigidity of blows, which negatively affected the technique of movement. Hitting with the shin, knee and elbow dictated the need to fight at a closer distance than in Savate boxing.
1.3. Terminology and explanatory French-Russian dictionary
The problem for coaches, athletes and judges who want to develop Savate boxing in Russia is the lack of an initial information base. This primarily concerned such areas of research as the development and systematization of modern Russified boxing terminology Savat (allowing a more concise and accurate description of technical techniques), as well as descriptions and classifications of technical techniques.
Certain difficulties were caused by the lack of an explanatory French-Russian dictionary of Savat boxing terms, since the sports terminological translation of many words from the Savat boxing lexicon in general dictionaries and dictionaries dedicated to Olympic sports sports, absent. This created difficulties in communication between specialists, reduced the effectiveness of interaction between athletes, coaches and judges, and complicated the use of specialized literature.
The lack of a comparative analysis of Savat boxing techniques with techniques of related martial arts led to a misunderstanding of the meaning of a number of techniques specific to Savat boxing, and, as a result, to their incorrect interpretation.
Taking into account the above factors led to the need to develop these areas of research - create an initial information base - for its further use in scientific, methodological and practical work.
Table 2
Characteristics of the stages of development of the initial information base necessary for organizing the educational and pedagogical process of teaching Savat boxing
Systematization of Savat boxing terminology
In contrast to the English boxing terminology that has already become familiar in Russia, the terminology of French Savate boxing is still in its formation stage and needs to be clarified. The international terminology of Savate Boxing is defined by the technical regulations of the French Savate Boxing Federation (which creates language difficulties in its use in Russia) and has shortcomings in the systematization of technical techniques.
This paper provides a systematic description of the terminological apparatus of Savat boxing, which is more convenient for use. The Savat boxing terminology system was based on the English boxing terminology adopted in Russia.
To name technical elements specific to Savate boxing, a translation of the corresponding French term into Russian is used (for example, chassé - direct kick), and in cases where the Russian-language equivalent is not able to fully convey the semantic content of the French term, it narrows or excessively expands the meaning the original word, the name is borrowed from the French language.
For example, a detailed description of a fouette kick (French - fouetté) can be presented as follows: a “whip-shaped” kick from the side, along an arc path, from the outside to the inside towards the supporting leg, applied with the surface of the instep or toe.” In practical work, it is inconvenient to use such a long name for a strike.
With regard to borrowings, in this work we adhere to the prevailing view in modern linguistics, according to which borrowing a name together with a concept is often preferable.
Many language researchers say that it is preferable to borrow a foreign name along with a concept, rather than selecting a name from the lexical means of “one’s own” language. The following are given as arguments in support of borrowing a foreign word:
1. Semantic certainty, “terminology” of borrowed words (Sorokin Yu. S., 1965; Lotte D. S., 1982.).
As Yu. S. Sorokin notes, new concepts must be expressed using stable terms. At the same time, as the researcher notes, many root words, due to their wide usage and compatibility with other words, are characterized by polysemy. On the contrary, borrowed words are often characterized by semantic unambiguity. According to Yu. S. Sorokin’s definition, they “are prone to terminology, that is, they appear in the borrowing language as direct signs of known objects and concepts” (Sorokin Yu. S., 1965, p. 59.).
D. S. Lotte adheres to a similar point of view. The researcher believes that one of the main reasons for borrowing terminological vocabulary is the need to combine the requirement of “scientific accuracy,” on the one hand, and practical brevity,” on the other. Foreign language borrowing is most often associated with the entire concept: it “is used to express not any individual feature, but the totality of all necessary and sufficient features that characterize this concept” (Lotte D.S., 1982).
Yu. S. Sorokin points to the fact that borrowed words express shades of the concept so emphatically and specifically that the semantic content of them and their Russian-language correspondences is still different. (Sorokin Yu. S., 1965).
2. The tendency to correspond the indivisibility of the designated concept with the incomprehension of the denoting (Krysin L.P., 1968).
L.P. Krysin points to the following fact: if the denoted is a single whole, one phenomenon, then the language tends to call it one word, and not a phrase (Krysin L.P., 1968). For this reason, from the researcher’s point of view, a foreign word is often preferable to the original expression (for example, the single-term expression “sniper” is often used instead of the two-term expression “sharpshooter”).
We also took into account the experience of using foreign words when creating terminology in sports such as gymnastics and acrobatics (somersaults, rondat, courbet), figure skating (toe loop, flip) and fencing (batman, remiz, feint) (Urkan M. L., Shlemin A. M., 1977; Korkin V. P., 1981; Mishin A. N., 1985; Tyshler D. A., 1978).
The borrowing of some Savate boxing terminology from the French language is also determined by the following extralinguistic factors:
1. The priority role of France in the development of French Savate boxing, where this sport originated and where the headquarters of the International Savate Federation (FIS) is located.
2. Release large quantity literature on the problems of Savat boxing in French.
3. Official language of judging international competitions According to French boxing, Savate is French.
4. Expanding contacts between Russia and France in the development of Savat boxing.
The above factors determine the influence of the French language on the Russian-language terminology of Savat boxing, expressed, in particular, in the penetration of borrowings into it. Below is a brief explanatory French-Russian dictionary of Savat boxing terminology and the system of terms adopted in this work.
Brief explanatory French-Russian dictionary of termsThe first column gives the term adopted by the Federation Internationale de Savate (FIS); the second column gives brief description this technical technique performed by the author; in the third - the proposed term.
Table 3
Movement
Table 4
Punches
Table 5
Straight front kicks
Table 6
Straight lateral kicks
Table 7
Side kicks
Table 8
Reverse front kicks
Table 9
Reverse lateral kicks
Table 10
Kicks from below
Table 11
Protection
To name elements of the Savate boxing technique that can be described using established sports terminology, this work uses the corresponding terminology (mainly from the English boxing terminology system).
Chapter II. Savate boxing technique
Direct lateral kick performed by European champion Gilles Le Duigou
2.1. Technique and teaching methods
2.1.1. Basic provisions of the Savat boxerCombat stance. The fighting stance in Savat boxing should create an optimal starting position, for both offensive and defensive actions. A typical fighting stance, from which training in technical actions in Savat boxing begins, is characterized by: a straightened position of the torso, slightly turned shoulders, a slightly lowered head, fists raised to the height of the chin, elbows freely touching the front of the chest.
The position of the Savat boxer's legs in a typical fighting stance is as follows: left leg pushed forward, the body is turned with the left shoulder forward in a half turn towards the opponent, the feet rest on the surface of the ring with the entire sole or just the toes, the toes are slightly turned inward, and the feet are located approximately shoulder width apart.
The distribution of body weight on the legs should be optimal and allow the athlete to freely act with the left, in front standing foot, which in savate boxing is most often used to strike and itself, in turn, is the most common target for enemy attacks.
The positioning of the right foot in the ring should be comfortable both for the frequently used escape defense (against low level kick attacks) and for jumping kicks, which is also often used in Savate boxing.
The left-handed boxer moves his right leg forward and turns his entire body with his right shoulder forward.
Using long strokes right foot, kicks with a body turn of 180 or 360 degrees and kicks with a significant displacement in the frontal plane, leads to the fact that during the fight the athlete repeatedly takes the position of a right-sided, left-sided and frontal fighting stance.
Individualization of the Savat boxer's fighting stance can manifest itself in different positions of the feet in the fighting position, since different fighting styles and individual manners of performing technical actions require appropriate fighting positions.
When kicking with a body rotation of 180 or 360 degrees, the athlete's head, shoulders and arms are included in general movement turn with a slight delay, and the gaze fixes the opponent until the last moment (as far as the athlete’s flexibility allows him to keep the position of the arms and shoulder girdle unchanged). During the return movement and placing the striking leg in place (in the position of the fighting stance), the defensive position of the hands ensures the protection of the Savate boxer’s head and torso from the enemy’s counterattack.
The positioning of the hands and forearms in a fighting stance should provide reliable protection for the torso and head from blows while moving around the ring in all episodes of the fight. The hands are located approximately at the height of the chin, in order to provide timely protection of the head with the hands and forearms from blows with hands and feet. The shoulders are relaxed and the elbows are in a slightly inward position in front of the chest. Elbows provide protection to the torso, participating in defenses against punches and kicks with stands and bounces.
When frequently changing the fighting stance during the fight (which is typical for fighting in Savate boxing), delivering kicks with a body turn of 180 or 360 degrees, the Savate boxer must constantly ensure that his elbows are in the optimal position for defensive actions.
The typical stance of a Savat boxer in a long-distance fight is high, the body is straightened, left hand can be carried forward towards the opponent, the body is strongly turned with the left shoulder forward, the left leg is in front of the right. The distance between the feet in the long-distance fighting stance is slightly greater than shoulder width. This body position allows the Savate boxer, if necessary, to fight using strikes and defenses only with his legs, stopping the opponent’s attempts to close the distance and strike with his hands.
The space of combat interaction at long range is greater in length than in the frontal plane. This circumstance limits the ability of Savat boxers to strike with their legs with a large displacement in the frontal plane and practically eliminates the possibility of striking with their hands with a frontal displacement.
Typical stance of a Savat boxer in a fight middle distance is usually semi-frontal, with the right leg closer to the left leg in depth and more forward than in the long-range fighting stance position. This position of the legs allows the Savat boxer to kick with a step in any direction, without leaving the fighting position at medium distance.
The Savate boxer's torso is slightly bent, the shoulders are slightly turned inward, the position of the arms is higher than in a long-range stand-up, and they constantly protect the head from unexpected blows.
At close range, the Savate boxer lowers his head and takes a more grouped stance than in the mid-range position, his right shoulder is more forward and he fights with a frontal body position.
He bends his torso more than in the mid-range fighting stance and sits down slightly, slightly bending his legs at the knee joints. The position of the feet is almost frontal, which allows Savate boxers to strike with equal ease with both the left and right leg at any time in the fight at close range.
The small distance between athletes at close range does not allow them to use the entire arsenal of Savate boxing kicks, as well as to deliver kicks effective enough to end the fight early. Kicks at this distance often play a connecting role during the fight: with their help, Savate boxers try to upset the opponent’s balance, distract his attention and deliver a decisive blow with his hand.
Since at a close combat distance, of all the kicks used in Savate boxing, only the low kick can be delivered (due to the short distance), this distance is often preferred by athletes who are not technically prepared enough to fight fights in the Savate boxing style.
The limited arsenal of kicks at close range (only one kick is possible - a low kick to the lower level) makes it easier for an athlete with insufficient technical training to perform defensive actions against kicks at this distance.
Movement around the ring. The most common type of movement around the ring in Savat boxing is side steps; when combining punches and kicks, strikes in a normal step under the opposite leg are also used, and when kicking from a long distance, the main types of movements are side steps or a jump.
At the beginning of training in the technique of kicking, a relatively slow movement with a cross step (marché-croisé) is used to move with kicks; this type of movement makes it easier for the novice boxer to learn to maintain body stability. As the technique is further studied, movement with a cross step is often replaced by a faster type of movement - hopping.
The ability to move freely and quickly in any direction during a fight is one of the most important skills in Savate boxing. Kicks to the leg are one of the main weapons of Savate boxing. A Savate boxer’s legs can be effectively protected from attacks at the lower level by “lightly” placing the legs in the ring, the ability to quickly kick in any episode of the fight, remove the leg from under the enemy’s blow and at the same time deliver a counterattack with it.
Constant and tight placing of the feet in the ring by a boxer savate, “rooting” (according to the terminology adopted in some martial arts), deprives the athlete of the necessary mobility, fetters his actions and limits his ability to use the full technical arsenal of Savat boxing.
In turn, easy and fast movement around the ring allows the Savate boxer to constantly maintain a fighting distance, more successfully perform quick defenses of the legs against blows with moves and pull-backs, effectively mask the preparation of his own attacks and carry them out in a timely and unexpected manner.
To deliver strong and long kicks to the body or leg, the Savate boxer performs a squat on the supporting leg at the moment of emphasis of the blow, lowering the O.C.T. of the body and rigidly fixing the muscles at the moment of contact with the target.
The ability of a Savate boxer to quickly and promptly move from light and fast movement around the ring to rigidly tense the muscles of the body at the moment of delivering an accented kick and again quickly move on to continuing to move around the ring is determined by his technical level and the ability to control the degree of tension and relaxation of the muscles.
The high pace of the fight with the frequent use of jumping kicks places increased demands on the stamina of the Savate boxer: loss of mobility in the ring in the final rounds of the fight will lead to the loss of the fight, since the Savate boxer will not be able to protect his legs from the opponent’s blows.
“A necessary condition for fighting is to change the fighting stance depending on the opponent’s movements” (Degtyarev I.P., 1979. – P. 25). Adjustment of body position, depending on the actions of the enemy, can be carried out either by moving using steps along relatively simple and straight trajectories, or by jumping movement with turning the body.
Combat distances. There are three main fighting distances in Savate boxing: long, medium and close. The difference in the anatomical length of the arms and legs forces Savat boxers to make clarifications when it is necessary to accurately determine the fighting distance.
Long distance. At a long distance, the Savate boxer, who is in a fighting stance, can strike with his foot or straightened arm, making a jump or step forward. The long distance allows you to strike with the leg almost completely straightened in the final striking phase. The leg weighs more than the arm, strong muscles legs, heavy savat boxers on his feet - all this makes long-range kicks a formidable weapon.
The close location of the vertical axis of the thigh at the moment of the final phase of the blow to the O.C.T. of the body and the shorter, in comparison with punches, vertical distance from the support, give kicks greater rigidity and make it possible to deliver any blows that are sufficiently effective at a long distance foot.
To successfully fight at a long distance, a Savat boxer must have a good command of movement techniques, be able to move equally well around the ring in any direction, and have a keen sense of distance. “Calculating distance in a fast-paced battle is one of the most difficult skills acquired only by constant practice in training battles” (Gradopolov K.V., 1965 – P. 31).
Average distance. The body position of a Savat boxer in a mid-range fighting stance is lower and more collected than in a long-range fighting stance. Athletes are located from each other at the distance of a kick or a straightened arm (when striking with the torso tilted forward), without the need to take a step forward to enter the striking distance, they are constantly in the zone of possible attack, within the reach of any blow with a hand or foot, included in the Savat boxing arsenal.
The close distance from the enemy, who is at an average combat distance, does not give the athlete the opportunity to fully visually control his actions, therefore, at an average distance, the importance of the athlete’s skill in determining the structure of striking actions in the early stages of development of the strike, during preparatory actions, increases. This skill comes to the athlete as a result of high volume special work and is consolidated during the conduct of conditional and free battles.
Forward movements during mid-range combat are not used to change the striking distance; when striking with hands and feet, athletes use forward tilts of the body (when throwing a punch) or tilting the body back (when delivering some kicks).
Trunk movements (leaning forward and leaning back) allow the Savate boxer to more easily change striking distances and combine punches and kicks more quickly than when using movement. At the same time, stepping movements when striking make it easier for the opponent to use sweeps, which are often carried out at the pace of the stepping leg and can lead to an imbalance or even a fall of the athlete.
When determining the average distance in Savat boxing, it is necessary to take into account that at this distance the distance at which it is possible to strike with a straight leg without a step is insufficient to strike with a straight arm without a step or tilting the body;
Close range. At close range, blows can only be struck with a bent arm at the elbow (straight, from below and from the side) or a low kick. The rest of the kicks from the arsenal of Savat boxing are not applied at close range, since they will, due to their specificity, have a form prohibited by the rules (according to the rules of Savat boxing, kicks are applied only in the area protected by shoes, kicks with the shin or knee are prohibited).
The low kick is delivered with the leg almost straightened knee joint foot, so it can be applied from a minimum distance to the target and without swinging. The close distance between Savat boxers at close range does not allow a low kick to be delivered with sufficient force to decide the outcome of the fight in one’s favor with one such blow.
The boxer dog is good friend for the whole family. He is a good guard and nanny for children. In addition, the pet is very affectionate. Despite prejudices, the dog will not show aggression for no reason. This is an active, strong animal, which is very easy to care for.
A boxer dog is a good friend for the whole family
Description of the breed
The Boxer is considered a very active and strong dog. He is perfect for a family dreaming of a cheerful dog who could protect all its members, and would also be perfect for keeping at home. Representatives of this breed have good health and an athletic body. Boxers are considered to be quite fast. They can walk for a long time or run after their owner if he is swimming or riding a bicycle.
Boxers get along well with other animals, but this does not prevent them from chasing cats and birds during walks and games. They believe that everything on their territory is prey. This is why it is very important to control such hunting attacks in Boxers. It is imperative to teach the dog to obey.
Boxers are considered a service dog. Among them are many orderlies, rescuers and those who work in sleds. Due to the unusual structure of their muzzle, boxers cannot engage in normal searching, but there are those who excel in this matter. In addition, these dogs are loyal and empathetic, which allows them to be water rescuers, therapists, and even guide dogs. These dogs are highly intelligent, and are also distinguished by their restraint and ability to learn quickly. So it's no surprise that Boxers are considered one of the best working dogs.
According to standards, a boxer's body should be wide but compact. This is a square-shaped dog with pronounced muscles. The dog is a short-haired breed. As for docking, if the dog was born in a country where this is allowed, it can be shown at shows.
As for behavior and character, boxers have a stable nervous system. They are balanced and easy to train. Other main features are uncompromising attitude towards offenders, playfulness and love for family members, especially children.
The head has clearly defined shapes. The muzzle is strong, voluminous and wide. It is proportional to the body and does not look too massive. The body is square, the paws are straight and strong. The coat is short and lies close to the skin. The dog's color is brown, brindle or red. There is no black boxer. The brown shade can be so dark that it appears black-brown.
White markings are acceptable according to the standards and will be an interesting decoration.
Features of this breed:
- strong aggressiveness;
- cowardly character;
- poor handling;
- malocclusion;
- light shades of eyes and eyelids that are not completely covered with pigment;
- a gloomy expression on the face;
- a muzzle that resembles the shape of a bulldog or pinscher;
- a small amount of pigment on the nose and lips;
- tail kink and low position;
- cryptorchidism in representatives of the stronger sex;
- a white tint that has spread to a third of the body or occupy half or more of the head.
When choosing a pet, you must check that all these traits are absent.
Gallery: boxer dog (25 photos)
Boxer dog (video)
Care and maintenance
Despite the fact that the Boxer is considered a short-haired dog, you need to take into account its mobility. So you will have to pay a lot of attention to caring for the dog. Such a pet does not tolerate a sharp drop in temperature or heat, so you need to keep it only indoors (a house or apartment), but there must be free access to the street and back. You need to build a kind of sofa in the room so that the bedding is not located directly on the floor. You need to choose a place where there are no drafts. In the yard, it is additionally recommended to make an enclosure with a floor made of boards. In summer, the dog should have access to cool water. By the way, there are special vests with a cooling effect, so you can also use them while walking. But in winter, your pet should be warmed and use special clothing for dogs.
Since Boxers are considered short-haired, grooming for their coat is minimal. It will be enough to wipe it periodically as soon as it gets dirty. To do this you need to use a wet terry towel. A special mitten with a rubber base will do. During shedding, you need to comb out the fur with a brush or comb. You need to bathe your dog only if he is covered in mud. To do this, use a special shampoo for short-haired dog breeds. You can also use dry shampoo for cleaning. You will need to apply the product to the fur, wait 5-10 minutes, and then wipe your pet with a napkin (only terry cloth is used).
Boxers' eyes also need to be looked after. As soon as dark-colored discharge appears in the corners, they should be removed with a soft, wet cloth. If the masses are greenish in color and are too abundant, then you need to contact a veterinary clinic.
The ears also require care and should be examined every week. If necessary, ears need to be cleaned. Cotton swabs are prohibited. You need to soak cotton swabs in a special lotion and then wipe. By the way, the lotion can be replaced with a regular aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. If liquid with an unpleasant aroma appears in the ears, as well as crusts of a reddish or brownish tint, then you should urgently take your pet for examination to a veterinarian.
One important procedure is brushing your teeth. The dog needs to be taught this as a puppy. This will keep the teeth in good condition, especially if the dog eats soft food. Raw beef bones can replace toothbrushes. You can purchase special bones from veins. Another option is toys like “dental”, which have protrusions and spikes. Brushing your dog's teeth regularly will prevent the formation of tartar. Otherwise, they will have to be removed later at the veterinary clinic.
Dog food
As for nutrition, Boxers have an excellent appetite. They quickly eat everything in their bowl, so it is very important that the dog owner knows the rules of feeding. For an adult, a third of the diet should be meat, and the rest should be cereals and vegetables. In puppies the proportion will be reversed. The best meat for Boxers is poultry (just remove tubular bones), tripe, head meat, beef heart, and offal. Fish is allowed. It is recommended to include fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese) and eggs in the diet. An adult dog needs to be fed 2 times a day. Puppies up to 4 months should be fed up to 4 times a day, and up to a year – 3 times. It is recommended to take additional vitamin and mineral complexes. In the cold season, food should be more liquid, fatty and warm.
About the breed (video)
Boxer training
Like all service breeds, boxers require special training. Very important physical activity, and they must be regular. It is recommended to start your first training sessions as soon as quarantine is lifted. The puppy needs to be taught basic commands: sitting, stopping, approaching an object. It must be remembered that puppies cannot yet concentrate on the same thing for a long time, so they are quickly distracted. In this regard, training is recommended to be carried out several times a day, but their duration should be no more than a few minutes. A small pet needs to be rewarded for correct actions - not only verbally, but also with treats. Punishments cannot be used.
Systematic training on special sites should begin when the puppy is six months old. It is very important to choose a coach responsibly. At this time, the psyche of a small pet is just being formed, so in no case should punishment or harsh measures be used.
Every walk should be interesting for the dog. It is necessary to train the dog not only to be obedient, but also to show various exercises, tricks. This will help the dog owner establish good contact and understanding with her. This promotes physical and intellectual development. Socialization involves not only communication with other dogs; no more than 10-30 minutes a day are allotted for this. The rest of the time, the boxer needs to communicate with the owner. The dog needs to be trained to travel to vehicles(including in public), walking in noisy places and along crowded streets, various skills. All walking plans should be varied. In addition, the command algorithm also needs to be changed so that the dog does not develop stereotypes. The boxer will pass all the standards when he turns 1.5 years old.
Not a single dwarf specimen will be as reliable a guard as a boxer. The advantages of this breed are that the dogs are not aggressive, easy to train, and very affectionate with family members. They get along well with other animals and are sometimes intolerant of other dogs. In addition, dogs of this breed are medium in size. But, on the other hand, it is necessary to take into account that pets require activity, movement and frequent exercise. You definitely need to train them. It must be taken into account that boxers do not tolerate heat very well, so, as a rule, it is very difficult for them in the summer. The dog cannot be kept outside (like the French bulldog), it is simply not designed for this. The cost of puppies from kennels ranges from $500 to $1,000, but cheaper options can be found.
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