Athletes who participated in World War II 1941 1945. Sports during the Great Patriotic War

Cherkesova Veronica

The research work tells about the exploits of athletes who participated in the Great Patriotic War.

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Municipal educational institution gymnasium No. 9

Physical culture

Research work

Topic: Athletes - participants of the Great Patriotic War

Cherkesova Veronika Andreevna,

7 "B" class

Supervisor:

Dunnikova Olga Sergeevna,

physical education teacher.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur

2016

Introduction pp. 3 - 4

Chapter 1. GTO - ready for work and defense pp. 5 - 7

Chapter 2. Athletes during the war years pp. 8 - 10

Chapter 3. Weightlifter Evgeny Lopatin - life and fate pp. 11 - 14

Conclusion pp. 15 - 16

References page 17

Application Presentation http://cpod.ippk.ru/users/files/download2797.html

Introduction

For research work I chose the topic about athletes who took part in the Great Patriotic War not by chance. Especially now, on the eve of the 71st anniversary of the Victory, the problem of perpetuating and preserving the memory of warriors and athletes who participated in the Second World War is relevant and has practical significance.

During the Great Patriotic War, athletes were among the first to join the ranks of the Red Army and their successes and achievements were often on the verge of feat. All activities of sports societies were aimed at educating athletes and all young people with high physical endurance, strength, dexterity, courage, determination, fearlessness, that is, all those qualities that were necessary to defeat the enemy. Reconnaissance, fighter squads and assault groups were created from athletes, who were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions.

During the Great Patriotic War against Nazi Germany, athletes changed sports equipment on military weapon and fought steadfastly and courageously against the invaders. Today we all need to remember this.

What is new about the topic of athletes for me? Many books and articles have been written, many feature films and documentaries I knew nothing about the participants in the war, about its heroes, but I knew nothing about the fact that many of them were athletes until my physical education teacher suggested researching the topic of athletes who participated in the Great Patriotic War.

Purpose of the work: to collect information on this topic so that everyone learns about the courage and heroism during the Great Patriotic War, the warrior-athletes who defended our Motherland not only sports arenas in peacetime, but also in difficult wartime.

Research objectives:

1. Study the literature on this topic.
2. Find and submit for review a list of athletes, their activities and exploits during the Great Patriotic War.
3. Keep the memory ofmilitary glory of Russia and its heroes.

The hypothesis of this study is that if you systematize the information received, you can create a database about athletes who participated in the war, which will be of information value for students, teachers and other people.

The main research methods are the study of literature on this study, generalization and systematization of material on this topic.

I think that my research work will help to look at the role of sport in human life from a different perspective, how it helped athletes adapt to difficulties and hardships in wartime, when it was necessary to show courage, determination, and dedication.

Chapter 1

About the fact that Nazi Germany on June 22, 1941. attacked our country, many athletes learned in their sports base in Kavgolovo, where they were preparing for the All-Union Parade of Athletes on Red Square in Moscow. And on the same day, hundreds of students and teachers submitted applications with a request to be sent to the active army. And then the athletes were given a special task: to form partisan detachments to operate behind enemy lines.

In this regard, mass military-physical training of army reserves has acquired paramount importance in the work of physical education organizations. Education in athletes and all Soviet youth of high physical endurance, strength, agility, courage, determination, fearlessness and other qualities necessary for soldiers has become the main content physical education and sports and mass work. TO military physical training Physical education organizations began for the population from the first days of the war. Sports instructors, coaches, physical education teachers and physical education activists began to carry out physical training of conscripts, personnel of Osoaviakhim units, Red Cross sanitary squads, fighter battalions, working units and people's militia.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were 606 physical education groups, 166 full-time physical education workers and 305 social activists. Military sports organizations numbered 35 thousand athletes. AND sports life did not fade, it was completely subordinated to the interests of the front. The call “Everything for the front, everything for Victory” was the main incentive.

Since the autumn of 1941 A significant place in the work was occupied by the provision of military ski training for future soldiers. It served me well. As soon as the first war winter arrived, skis found their widest use. Ski battalions outpaced and surrounded the enemy, set up fire ambushes on the roads of his retreat, cut off his most important communications, and carried out desperate pursuit raids.

The skiers showed great courage in defending the country. Possessing great maneuverability, operating off roads and appearing unexpectedly in the enemy's rear or flanks, they brought panic and confusion into his ranks. Fighters - skiers were formed special units air - airborne troops, reconnaissance companies, detachments and groups of demolitions, tank destroyers and other special purpose units. Acting as part of special detachments of people's avengers, using the high art of skiing and other applied military skills, they dealt sensitive blows to the fascist invaders. In the first year of the war alone, partisan skiers destroyed about three thousand enemy soldiers and officers, blew up 87 railway bridges, derailed more than 1,000 wagons with enemy troops and military cargo, and carried out 24 attacks on fascist airfields. The enemy called the flying, elusive squads of skiers, terrible with their striking power, “ski death.”

In the pre-war and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by decree of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO (Ready for Labor and Defense) complex became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote health promotion and comprehensive physical development Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and defense of the Motherland.

During the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badge holders. In the process of preparing to pass the complex standards, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, acquired the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for working and military life. For example, in 1939, the standards of the GTO complex included such types of tests as crawling on one's bellies, providing first aid, shooting from a small-caliber rifle, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying an ammunition box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and offensive techniques various martial arts. Passing these peaceful tests of the GTO complex made it easier for its badge members to take the most difficult military path to victory over fascism. In 1942, additional standards were introduced: knowledge of topography, the ability to throw a grenade from different positions, etc.

During the war years, 143 thousand badges of the GTO complex, 210 thousand skiers, 50 thousand fighters were trained hand-to-hand combat, over a thousand riflemen - motorcyclists. Half-starved, exhausted from work, they came to the stadiums, gyms workers and teenagers at the ski station. They understood that this was necessary in the name of victory.

Hero said well about this Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous track and field athlete Nikolai Kopylov: “If I weren’t an athlete, a GTO badge holder, I would hardly have made it to Berlin!” These words of the famous warrior will certainly be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

Chapter 2

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight fascism. Athletes couldn't stay away either. Physical education and sports organizations devoted all their resources to preparing combat reinforcements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. After careful selection, those volunteers deemed fit to serve deep behind enemy lines were immediately organized into units. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. In their applications, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or deep behind enemy lines.

Over 800 athletes joined OMSBON. Among them are honored masters and masters of sports, coaches, champions of the USSR, Europe and the world - athletes brothers Seraphim and Georgy Znamensky, speed skater Anatoly Kapchinsky, boxers Nikolai Korolev and Igor Miklashevsky, wrestler Grigory Pylnov, skier Lyubov Kulakova, rower Alexander Dolgushin. Minsk players joined the brigade football team"Dynamo", 350 students and teachers of the Central State Institute of Physical Culture, students of Moscow institutes. More than 300 women joined OMSBON. They became intelligence officers, radio operators, and nurses.

Many athletes were active helpers Experienced border guard commanders in combat and physical training of the Omsbonovites were trained as miners, reconnaissance officers, sniper shooters, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, and paratroopers.

Physical education and sports helped to overcome hardships and adversity, taught courage and perseverance, strengthened will and character, helped to fight and win. The most important operations, requiring endurance and physical strength, courage and strong-willed qualities, were entrusted by commanders to athletes.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, dedication, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.

For their valor and courage in battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.

More than a thousand soldiers and officers of the OMSBON brigade were killed while carrying out missions and in battles. The survivors became workers, collective farmers, scientists, business managers, journalists, and writers. And they found the strength to play sports, become coaches, and train a whole galaxy of famous athletes.

Among front-line athletes - famous champions and record holders: speed skater Yakov Melnikov, football player Vladimir Savdunin, wrestlers Grigory Kurdov, Alexey Stolyarov and many others.

Multiple champion USSR boxer Nikolai Korolev, participated in many combat operations of the OMSBON detachment and twice saved the life of the commander, carrying him from the battlefield.

The country's rowing champion Alexander Dolgushin in the first days of the war replaced the sports skiff with sniper rifle and was appointed assistant company commander of the OMSBON detachment.

The group of boxer Boris Galushkin, in which athletes Sergei Shcherbakov, Alexey Andreev, Viktor Pravdin and Ivan Golovenkov fought, carried out combat missions behind enemy lines. It was necessary to transport a wounded soldier from a partisan detachment across the front line. The athletes carried the wounded man in their arms along forest paths and viscous swamps for 18 days; they covered one hundred and twenty kilometers. For military services, the detachment commander Boris Galushkin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Moscow motorcyclist Vladimir Korneev served in a motorized infantry unit that defended Stalingrad. The athlete completed 400-kilometer flights along front-line off-road terrain in one day. His car always worked like a clock.

The young athlete Mikhail Kuznetsov mined explosives for his squad from German minefields. Having been seriously wounded during this dangerous operation, he allowed his comrades to leave with the precious tol, and he himself, bleeding, fired back, walked 47 kilometers and returned to the detachment.

It is impossible to name everyone who glorified them with their records and achievements soviet sport, was an example for young people in times of peace and who gave his life for his homeland when mortal danger loomed over it. Feats of athletes - how many there were!

I want to talk about one of these athletes, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Evgeniy Ivanovich Lopatin - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR in weightlifting, silver medalist of the XV Olympic Games in Helsinki (1952), European champion in 1950 and 1952, four-time champion of the USSR in weightlifting (1947, 1948, 1950, 1952), Honored Trainer of the RSFSR. Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, the Red Star and 22 medals.

Chapter 3

Lopatin Evgeniy Ivanovichborn December 26, 1917 in Balashov, Saratov region. In 1921, his father died of cholera; in 1927, the family moved toSaratov , where Evgeniy graduated from the Saratov Polytechnic College of the Ryazan-Ural Railway and received the title of “first-class electrician.” In 1937 he entered the Leningrad Textile Institute, but after two weeks he dropped out and returned to Saratov, where he was accepted into the Institute of Agricultural Mechanization named after. M.I. Kalinina.

At the end of 1937, E Lopatin attended a meeting with the author of the firstUSSR textbook on weightlifting Nikolai Ivanovich Luchkin, and decided to take up this sport.

Already in March 1938, he became the regional champion in the featherweight division, and a year later he fulfilled the norm of a master of sports in the weight up to 60 kg. In May 1940, as a member of the Saratov region team, he participated in the USSR personal and team championship inMinsk , where he took only 9th place.

In the summer of 1940, Evgeny Lopatin with his wife and son Sergei moved toLeningrad , where he entered and almost immediately joined the city’s weightlifting team.

In pre-war Leningrad, weightlifter Lopatin was highly rated. City champion, master of sports. He was predicted to win the 1941 USSR Championship, but the war prevented him from winning it.

He lived with his family opposite the Badaevsky food warehouses, from where the whole of Leningrad was supplied with food. Hundreds of thousands of tons of them were stored there. The Nazis were well aware of this. They started bombing the warehouses first. Lopatin forever remembered the smell of burning sugar, which flowed out into the street like a river in the morning.

With the beginning Great Patriotic War was drafted into the 2nd Leningrad Rifle and Machine Gun Infantry School. After establishingsiege of Leningrad the school was moved to the cityGlazov in Udmurtia (Evgeniy’s wife and both sons remained in Leningrad, the youngest son soon died). In the spring of 1942, immediately after graduating from college, I was taken to a company commanders course. Upon completion of the course in August 1942, he was sent toStalingrad Front , as commander of an anti-tank rifle company, with the rank of lieutenant. He fought in the 120th Infantry Division of the 66th Army.

From the memoirs of E. Lopatin:« There is no need to describe these difficult battles. In my company of one hundred people, seventeen survived after the first battle». The PTR weighed 22 kg, and Lopatin often had to carry it alone, so physical strength very useful. On September 11, 1942, in the steppe near the village of Erozovka, a German Wehrmacht division broke through to the Volga. Lopatin's company successfully repulsed their attacks - it accounted for seven enemy"tigers".

"And then I was hooked sniper. The four soldiers who were nearby were killed on the spot, and to me shot his arm. That's the war for me and ended."

The bullet went right through, breaking the bone. The doctors' diagnosis was like a death sentence:contracture - limited immobility. The fingers on Lopatin’s left hand practically did not straighten. The sad lieutenant wandered around the Saratov hospital until he accidentally saw his wife in the courtyard. Lidia Sergeevna spent a year and a half in besieged Leningrad. Their youngest son, born in those days, soon died of hunger, and the eldest and his mother were taken along the “road of life” across Lake Ladoga. They brought me to Saratov, to the hospital.

From the hospital he was sent to the Kuibyshev Military School of Communications as a teacher. physical training. Some officers did not hide their dissatisfaction:« Why did they send a crippled physical education teacher, he can’t do anything?» . These conversations reached Lopatin. At the next lesson, overcoming hellish pain, he climbed onto the uneven bars and did a handstand. It is unlikely that anyone present in the hall could imagine what it cost him.

He said to himself: " Nothing like that, and I will prove it» . His goal was not just to develop his arm, but to return to weightlifting, make it to the national team. It would be a shame to end it in the prime of life sports career. Neither pain nor difficulties frightened me. He knew that he just had to believe in himself and be patient. Life confirmed him to be right. He fought for two years to keep his hand. Two years hard labor daily workouts. Lopatindeveloped a complex for myself special exercises. He constantly squeezed a spring dumbbell, a rubber ball, and held the weights with half-bent, crooked fingers. I started with small ones - a kilogram each, and ended up with two-pound ones. Gradually, the fingers began to come to life, mobility returned to them.

In 1944, he tried to participate in local competitions; at the request of local authorities, he was transferred to the position of senior barbell coach of Saratov Dynamo.

In 1945, weightlifter Lopatin, who had been written off by many, again took to the stage. At the national championships in 1945 and 1946. he finished second twice. A year later, in 1947, he became the champion of the USSR and silver medalist European Championship. In 1948 he again became the champion of the USSR, in 1950 - the European champion and silver medalist of the World Championship. True, the sore hand, no, no, did make itself felt. From the memoirs of E. Lopatin: “Sometimes you grab the bar and your fingers cramp. You wait a little, grit your teeth and still lift the barbell.”

First for Soviet athletes Olympic Games In 1952, in Helsinki, Lopatin won a silver medal, losing to the Hawaiian-American Thomas Kono, the future six-time world champion. But this silver, by God, is more expensive than other gold. It is not for nothing that our other famous weightlifter, Yakov Kutsenko, called the Lopatin award a triumph of will.

By the way, out of the seven medals that our weightlifting team received in Helsinki, four were brought to them by former front-line soldiers. Ivan Udodov went through a German concentration camp. When our soldiers took him out of there, Vanya weighed only 35 kg! Skeleton covered with leather. And seven years later he won the Olympics!

Viktor Chukarin, who went through 17 concentration camps and the barge of death, weighing 40 kg after the camps. and could not do more than two pull-ups, won 4 gold medals - in the team championship, in the absolute championship, in the pommel horse exercise, in the vault and 2 silver medals– rings, parallel bars, becoming the first Soviet Olympic champion among gymnasts.

Another gymnastGrant Amazaspovich Shaginyan(2 gold, 2 silver) - went to the front as a volunteer, in 1943 he was seriously wounded in the leg. I was able to resume gymnastics only in 1946. Lame Shaginyan not only won that Olympics... His dismount from the horse entered international gymnastic terminology as the “Shaginyan spin.”

For Lopatin, the Helsinki Olympics became his swan song in sports. Evgeniy suffered a hand injury and stopped performing. He was 35 years old. But he did not part with the barbell. Switched to coaching work with the youth at Dynamo, to whom he gave many years.

His most famous student can rightfully be called his son Sergei, USSR champion in 1961 and 1965, world record holder in lightweight.Sergei set 12 world and 16 all-Union records. Evgeniy Ivanovich has something to be proud of - this is the only time in the history of domestic weightlifting when father and son won gold medals.

Evgeniy Ivanovich Lopatin lived 94 years and died on July 21, 2011. This hero and athlete who,despite participating in battles, being seriously wounded and spending many months in hospitals, he returned to the platform after the war andcontributed invaluable contribution in the development of our sports movement,Soviet school of weightliftingwe must remember.

Conclusion

The Second World War has ended. Many outstanding athletes, many of whom never had time to fully realize their talent in sports arenas, died a heroic death on the fields of the Great Patriotic War. Grigory Pylnov, Anatoly Kapchinsky, Alexander Dolgushin, Lyubov Kulakova, Vladimir Myagkov will forever remain the right wingers of our sport. In 1945, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously awarded to the head of the underground Komsomol organization in the city of Ostrov, Klavdia Nazarova, who before the war studied at the department athletics at the school of trainers at the Leningrad Institute of Physical Culture named after. P.F. Lesgafta.

The Great Patriotic War gave hundreds of examples when excellent physical training and sports helped our soldiers successfully complete the most difficult combat missions.

All athletes - participants of the Second World War and their coaches were awarded high state awards. Many of them, having gone through the war, continued their activities, becoming scientists, heads of various departments, coaches, passing on their knowledge, experience, and love of sports to students.

However, time takes its toll. War veterans have been retired for a long time, many are no longer among us, but those who are alive do not break with sports. They pass on their rich front-line and sports experience to young people, and with their authoritative words help those who continue and develop sports traditions.

At the beginning of my research work, I set a goal to find information about athletes who participated in the Great Patriotic War. Having studied publications in essays and magazines, I selected material about front-line athletes who were most interesting to me, who defended our Motherland from fascist invaders and brought our long-awaited victory closer.

The material I collected helped to verify the correctness of the hypothesis I put forward: if you systematize the information received, you can create a database about athletes who participated in the war, which will be of information value for students, teachers and other people.

The practical significance of my work lies in the fact that the collected materials can be used both to perpetuate and preserve the memory of soldiers and athletes who participated in the Second World War, and in the patriotic education of students.

Thus, the tasks of the research work have been solved, the set goal has been achieved.

References

1. V.A. Pashinin "Heroes among us." 2nd edition, add. Moscow, “Physical Education and Sports” 1975.
2. L. Kuhn “General history of physical culture and sports.” M.1987.
3. L.B. Gorbunov “Champions went to the front.” Series “Physical Education and Sports” No. 3, 1980/160 p.
4. V. Barvinsky, S. Vilinsky “Born by the Olympics.” Moscow, 1985.
5. T.V. Kazankina, V.V. Stepanov, M.I. Stepanov " Athletics in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) SPGAFC named after. Lesgafta, St. Petersburg 2001. /120 pp.
6. http://pomnipro.ru/memorypage62301/biography The website “PomniPro” - a virtual memorial” posts information about people who have passed away.
7. http://www.podvignaroda.ru/?#id=80744813&tab=navDetailManAward Generalized data bank “Feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.” Development Department information technology The Russian Ministry of Defense makes it publicly available full information about military awards for exploits during the Great Patriotic War, available in Russian archives.
8. http://www.sport-express.ru/newspaper/2005-05-10/8_3/ The electronic newspaper of JSC "Sport-Express" publishes information about sporting events in Russia and abroad.

Grigory Malinko Multiple champion of the Ukrainian SSR in wrestling, Kharkov Dynamo player Grigory Vasilyevich Malinko began the war as an artilleryman. Already in the first battles, the Ukrainian hero amazed his fellow soldiers not only with his remarkable strength, endurance, dexterity, but also with his extraordinary courage.

Alexander Donskoy, on instructions from the commander of a partisan detachment, took on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Hitlerites would be quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the “father” is hiding the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting. Donsk also performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his time in the sabotage group, Donskoy personally credited 9 derailed enemy trains and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Nikolai Korolev “In difficult moments, I always remembered my classes with a kind word physical education, sports. Physical education, having hardened me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and deprivations of partisan life. She helped me become good fighter ohm I quickly found my bearings, for example, during combat battles.” N. Korolev

Leonid Meshkov One of the legendary domestic swimmers, with whom swimming began in our country. Thirteen-time world record holder. A participant in the Great Patriotic War, he was a front-line intelligence officer on the Leningrad front. After being wounded, he was discharged, but returned to professional sports and since 1947 has set 5 world records.

Vasily Efremov During the Great Patriotic War, from June 1941 to September 1944, Efremov was an air wing commander, deputy commander and commander of an air squadron of the 10th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment. Participated in battles on the South-Western, Stalingrad, 4th Ukrainian and 3rd Belorussian fronts. In the battles for his native Stalingrad, Efremov made 198 combat missions, destroyed 5 railway trains, 15 vehicles with military cargo, 11 aircraft and many other military equipment. During the Battle of Stalingrad, he had to take to the air and fight several times a day.

GTO (Ready for Labor and Defense) Standards of the GTO complex: crawling on one's bellies, first aid, shooting from a small-caliber rifle, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying an ammunition box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and offensive techniques of various martial arts, knowledge of topography, the ability to throw a grenade from different positions

Each athlete is worth several ordinary soldiers in battle, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a complex combat operation is ahead,” these words were spoken by Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General I.E. Petrov, assessing the contribution of warrior-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight fascism. Athletes couldn't stay away either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what in the West is now called “commando”. Athletes learned how to mine road roads railways, shoot without missing, silently take down the sentries. Totally behind the front line, in 1941-1945. Over 200 task forces were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, and destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.

It is impossible to name everyone who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, was an example for young people in peacetime, and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger loomed over it.

Feats of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few striking examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.

Repeated champion of Ukraine in classical wrestling Grigory Malinko was an artilleryman during the Great Patriotic War. One day, Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to a village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by his extraordinary strength, Malinko, manually dragging a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not even imagine that only one person was fighting.

Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military deeds. On instructions from the commander of a partisan detachment, he took on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the “father” was hiding the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting. Donskoy also performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy chalked up 9 derailed enemy trains and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sporting achievements, but for military feat. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors in an attack. Soon a hand-to-hand fight with the enemy ensued. During its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!

Honored Master of Sports in Boxing Nikolai Korolev also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk in more detail about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 30-40s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev had a total of 219 fights in the ring and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times was absolute champion countries.

Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signed up as a volunteer and fought as part of OMSBON. Soon he goes with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.

The partisans caused the Nazis a lot of trouble. “In one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty combat operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring.” Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population formed in the area of ​​​​operation of Medvedev’s detachment. The occupiers were dealt blow after blow. Here and there communications were broken, military echelons were derailed, bridges were blown up, convoys and military units were destroyed. One day, the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The surrounded partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Coming out of the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him away. Suddenly they came across the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning-fast blows, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. He had to carry the commander for over a kilometer until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of his commander. For this feat he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult moments, I always remembered physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, having hardened me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and deprivations of partisan life. She helped me become good fighter. I quickly found my bearings, for example, during combat battles.”

It must be said that in the pre-war and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by a decree of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO (Ready for Labor and Defense) complex became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote the health and comprehensive physical development of Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and defense of the Motherland. During the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badge holders. In the process of preparing to pass the complex standards, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, acquired the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for working and military life.

For example, in 1939, the standards of the GTO complex included such types of tests as crawling on one's bellies, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and attacking techniques of various martial arts. Passing these peaceful tests of the GTO complex made it easier for its badge members to take the most difficult military path to victory over fascism.

Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous track and field athlete Nikolai Kopylov said well about this: “If I weren’t an athlete, a GTO badge holder, I would hardly have made it to Berlin!”

These words of the famous warrior will certainly be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

I would like to hope that modern boys and girls involved in physical education and sports will become the same strong foundation for our army as the athletes of that time became during the war.

“Each athlete is worth several ordinary soldiers in battle, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a complex combat operation is ahead,” these words were spoken by Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General I. E. Petrov, assessing the contribution of warrior-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.

From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight fascism. Athletes couldn't stay away either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what in the West is now called “commando”. The athletes learned to mine highways and railways, shoot without missing, and silently take down sentries. Totally behind the front line, in 1941-1945. Over 200 task forces were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, and destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.

It is impossible to name everyone who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, was an example for young people in peacetime, and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger loomed over it.

Feats of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few striking examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.

Repeated champion of Ukraine in classical wrestling, Grigory Malinko, was an artilleryman during the Great Patriotic War. One day, Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to a village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by his extraordinary strength, Malinko, manually dragging a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not even imagine that only one person was fighting.

Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military deeds. On instructions from the commander of a partisan detachment, he took on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the “father” was hiding the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting. Donskoy also performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy chalked up 9 derailed enemy trains and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.

Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sporting achievements, but for military feats. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors in an attack. Soon a hand-to-hand fight with the enemy ensued. During its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!

Honored Master of Sports in Boxing Nikolai Korolev also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk in more detail about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 30-40s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev had a total of 219 fights in the ring and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times was the absolute champion of the country.

Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signed up as a volunteer and fought as part of OMSBON. Soon he goes with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.

The partisans caused the Nazis a lot of trouble. “In one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty combat operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring.” Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population formed in the area of ​​​​operation of Medvedev’s detachment. The occupiers were dealt blow after blow. Here and there communications were broken, military echelons were derailed, bridges were blown up, convoys and military units were destroyed. One day, the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The surrounded partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Coming out of the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him away. Suddenly they came across the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning-fast blows, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. He had to carry the commander for over a kilometer until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of his commander. For this feat he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult moments, I always remembered physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, having hardened me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and deprivations of partisan life. She helped me become a good fighter. I quickly found my bearings, for example, during combat battles.”

It must be said that in the pre-war and war years in the USSR, great importance was attached to physical education and sports. Introduced by a decree of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture on March 11, 1931, the GTO (Ready for Labor and Defense) complex became the basis of the Soviet system of physical education and was intended to promote the health and comprehensive physical development of Soviet people, their successful preparation for work and defense of the Motherland. During the ten pre-war years, millions of young men and women became TRP badge holders. In the process of preparing to pass the complex standards, young people mastered a variety of physical, applied and military exercises, acquired the qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for working and military life.

For example, in 1939, the standards of the GTO complex included such types of tests as crawling on one's bellies, high-speed walking, throwing a bunch of grenades, climbing a rope and a pole, carrying a cartridge box, swimming with a grenade in hand, overcoming an obstacle course, defensive and attacking techniques of various martial arts. Passing these peaceful tests of the GTO complex made it easier for its badge members to take the most difficult military path to victory over fascism.

Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Master of Sports, famous track and field athlete Nikolai Kopylov said well about this: “If I weren’t an athlete, a GTO badge holder, I would hardly have made it to Berlin!”

These words of the famous warrior will certainly be joined not only by his comrades in arms, but also by all Soviet people who forged a great victory at the front and in the rear.

I would like to hope that modern boys and girls involved in physical education and sports will become the same strong foundation for our army as the athletes of that time became during the war.

Alexander Sashko, Lesozavodsk

“Mythology” of traitors like Suvorov (Rezun), “Day M”, “Aquarium”, etc. has no right to exist. They are trying to equate the Soviet Union with Hitler's Germany, it is clear that this is an order, it is clear whose. But here we are talking about warrior-athletes, participants in the Great Patriotic War. Biathlon was initially developed as a military applied sport. And the chronicle footage of soldiers in camouflage suits on skis... Eternal memory to the heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland. Victory Day is a sacred holiday.

Of course, in the History of War there is a lot of “mythological”: “Panfilov’s men”, Alexander Matrosov, Zoya, Marshal of Victory... Just a real, real feat, most often, not at all “beautiful” for everyone to see. So they were embellished and even invented. And 99.99% of real exploits remained unknown to posterity, and sometimes deliberately forgotten

He didn’t take them with his bare hands, did he?)) And then, as follows from the film about him, he never talked about the war at all. A true soldier, honor and glory.

In the modern Armed Forces sports training special attention is paid. When recruiting candidates for division “A” of the KGB of the USSR, requirements were imposed on physical fitness, having a “master” level in one or two sports, and several sports categories By different types sports. Chess was not taken into account :). Aslambek - you, probably, as a supporter of the Western version of the Second World War, are ready to recognize the entire history of the Great Patriotic War as myth-making. How do you like the example of actor Smirnov, who personally captured 9 fascists?

)) It’s funny about Korolev - in one fell swoop, beating five people with military weapons in their hands. Tales of the Vienna Woods, of course, but they fit into the general ecstatic mythology like clockwork.

By the way www.ruthenia.ru

Olga-Helga, my respect to you without any equivocation!

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, sports life was suspended everywhere, and physical education and sports organizations devoted all their capabilities to preparing combat reinforcements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. From fighter-athletes, reconnaissance, fighter squads and assault groups were created, which were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions. For example, the OMSBON - a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes of the NKVD troops of the USSR - included many special units, which were formed entirely or partially from athletes. Among the first volunteers at the Moscow Dynamo stadium, where OMSBON units were staffed, were outstanding Soviet athletes: one of the strongest weightlifters in the world, N. Shatov, wrestlers G. Pylnoye and L. Egorov, boxer N. Korolev, national record holder in hurdles I. Stepanchenok, cyclists F. Tarachkov, N. Denisov, discus throwers A. Isaev and L. Mitropolsky, diver G. Mazurov and others.

In their applications, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or deep behind enemy lines.

After careful selection, those volunteers deemed fit to serve deep behind enemy lines were immediately organized into units. Most of them were immediately sent to OMSBON training camps.

Many athletes were active assistants to experienced border guard commanders in the combat and physical training of the Omsbonovites - they trained miners, reconnaissance officers, snipers, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, and paratroopers.

In the autumn and winter of 1941/42, OMSBON units, together with engineering units of the Red Army, under heavy enemy fire and air bombing, created engineering obstacles in the enemy’s path in the Klin-Yamuga-Rogachev-Dmitrov area and in other places, mined bridges and water pipes under transport communications , planted powerful land mines on the highway, and left other “surprises.”

The mine-laying work carried out by the Omsbonovites on the approaches to the capital and their direct participation in battles with German troops played a role important role both in the defense of Moscow and in the defeat of the Nazi invaders on this section of the front.

For their valor and courage in battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.

In the ranks of the defenders of the world's first socialist state there were many students and teachers from the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Culture, the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P. F. Lesgaft, volunteers from other institutes and technical schools of physical culture and sports societies.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, dedication, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.

Retired Major General Gridnev V.V.,
former commander of OMSBON

A memorial to Leningrad athletes-heroes of the Second World War will be opened in St. Petersburg

At the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery there will be an opening ceremony of the Memorial Plate in honor of the Leningrad athletes who died defending besieged Leningrad and on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. This was reported by the press service of the administration of the governor of St. Petersburg.
The initiative to open a memorial sign on the eve of the 65th anniversary Great Victory was supported by the Governor of St. Petersburg Valentina Matvienko. The ceremony includes laying wreaths and flowers at the Motherland monument.
From the first days of the war, thousands of Leningrad athletes voluntarily went into the active army, into the people's militia regiments. They stood up to defend their Motherland and Leningrad. Athletes always acted where there was the greatest danger, where endurance, agility, and ingenuity were especially needed: they fought in the ranks of snipers, reconnaissance officers, paratroopers, and ski battalion fighters. Many were awarded military awards, orders and medals. Students and teachers of the Institute named after. P.F. Lesgaft's entire team went to the front.
In memory are those who did not live to see the bright Victory Day: a student at the Institute of Physical Education, the leader of the Komsomol organization of the partisan region, Hero of the Soviet Union Claudia Nazarova, a sniper who destroyed 107 fascists, Nina Petrova (awarded three Orders of Glory of all degrees - four women in the country were awarded this award ). Also this is the Hero of the Soviet Union, who fought in a detachment of reconnaissance skiers, USSR champion Vladimir Myagkov, Honored Master of Sports, commander of the partisan detachment Dmitry Kositsyn, USSR champions Pyotr Golubev, Pavel Neiman, Nikolai Chistyakov, Alexander Shcherbin, Honored Master of Sports Vladimir Wong, team player masters Pyotr Sychev, Honored Master of Sports, USSR champion Alexander Zhelnin. In addition, the following are forever included in the St. Petersburg national team: Lyubov Eliseeva, Mikhail Varlamov, Mikhail Zerbin, Ivan Kozlov, Oleg Kryukovsky, Georgy Timchenko, Alexander Ilyin-Zhenevsky, Ilya Rabinovich, Vasily Sokov.

The role played by warrior-athletes in the Great Victory, the importance of physical training for warriors Soviet Army Marshal Zhukov, who became the organizer of the first in the country in the Ural Military District, repeatedly emphasized sports club army.

From 1941 to 1945, the headquarters of the Ural Military District sent more than two million soldiers to the front who took part in the largest battles. Warrior-athletes from the Urals took part in the battles for Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, the Caucasus, Crimea, the Battle of Kursk, the battle for the Dnieper and right-bank Ukraine.

On all fronts, special units and entire units of athletes were created, intended for the most complex combat operations: sabotage behind enemy lines, reconnaissance with long movements, landings, and seizure of bridgeheads in hard-to-reach places.

Among the Sverdlovsk warrior-athletes along the entire front, the name of the region's champion, Dynamo player Sergei Voronov, who was active in the squad of reconnaissance skiers, was known. More than once he went behind enemy lines on skis for 30 km or more and obtained a “tongue”. In one of the operations, scout Voronov died.

Most of the teachers of the Department of Physical Education at the Ural Polytechnic Institute volunteered to join the Red Army; athletes from the Uralmash Plant died in battle. The athletes and workers of physical education organizations who remained in the rear were used in general education units and participated in the preparation of reserves for the Red Army.

During three years of war, only in trade unions sports organizations 2 million 527 thousand people were trained under a special program of military skiing and combat training, 705 thousand people under the hand-to-hand combat program, and 274 thousand people in swimming with combat equipment.

GOU SPO
"Volgograd Social Pedagogical College"

Test
Subject: “History of physical culture and sports”
Topic: “Combat exploits of Soviet athletes on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War”

Completed the work
student of group 3 "D"
Pavlov Andrey
Teacher: Moiseeva N.I.

Volgograd 2011.

Chapter 1
Beginning of the Great Patriotic War

Chapter 2
Athletes-heroes in the Great Patriotic War

Chapter 3
The role played by warrior-athletes in the Great Victory. Conclusion.

References

Chapter 1
“Each athlete is worth several ordinary soldiers in battle, and a platoon of athletes is more reliable than a battalion if a complex combat operation is ahead,” these words were spoken by Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General I. E. Petrov, assessing the contribution of warrior-athletes to victory in the Great Patriotic War.
From the first days of the war, the entire Soviet people rose up to fight fascism. Athletes couldn't stay away either. Already on June 27, 1941, the first detachments of a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade (OMSBON) were formed from volunteer athletes. The brigade was what in the West is now called “commando”. The athletes learned to mine highways and railways, shoot without missing, and silently take down sentries. Totally behind the front line, in 1941-1945. Over 200 task forces were sent, which included more than 7,000 people. Behind enemy lines, they derailed 1,500 military trains with weapons and Nazi invaders, destroyed hundreds of bridges and crossings, and destroyed 50 aircraft and 145 tanks.
It is impossible to name everyone who glorified Soviet sports with their records and achievements, was an example for young people in peacetime, and who gave their lives for their homeland when mortal danger loomed over it.
Feats of athletes - how many there were! Here are just a few striking examples of the courage and dedication of Soviet athletes on the battlefields.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, sports life was suspended everywhere, and physical education and sports organizations devoted all their capabilities to preparing combat reinforcements. Physical culture and sports began to serve the defense of the Motherland. From fighter-athletes, reconnaissance, fighter squads and assault groups were created, which were entrusted with responsible and complex combat missions. For example, the OMSBON - a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes of the NKVD troops of the USSR - included many special units, which were formed entirely or partially from athletes. Among the first volunteers at the Moscow Dynamo stadium, where OMSBON units were staffed, were outstanding Soviet athletes: one of the strongest weightlifters in the world, N. Shatov, wrestlers G. Pylnoye and L. Egorov, boxer N. Korolev, national record holder in hurdles I. Stepanchenok, cyclists F. Tarachkov, N. Denisov, discus throwers A. Isaev and L. Mitropolsky, diver G. Mazurov and others.
In their applications, the athletes asked the command to send them to the hottest sectors of the front or deep behind enemy lines.
After careful selection, those volunteers deemed fit to serve deep behind enemy lines were immediately organized into units. Most of them were immediately sent to OMSBON training camps.
Many athletes were active assistants to experienced border guard commanders in the combat and physical training of the Omsbonovites - they trained miners, reconnaissance officers, snipers, signalmen, grenade launchers, motorcyclists, and paratroopers.
In the autumn and winter of 1941/42, OMSBON units, together with engineering units of the Red Army, under heavy enemy fire and air bombing, created engineering obstacles in the enemy’s path in the Klin-Yamuga-Rogachev-Dmitrov area and in other places, mined bridges and water pipes under transport communications , planted powerful land mines on the highway, and left other “surprises.”
The mine-laying work carried out by the Omsbonovites on the approaches to the capital, and direct participation in battles with German troops, played an important role both in the defense of Moscow and in the defeat of the Nazi invaders on this section of the front.
For their valor and courage in battles on the fields of the Moscow region, 75 brave Omsbon soldiers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union.
In the ranks of the defenders of the world's first socialist state there were many students and teachers from the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Culture, the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P. F. Lesgaft, volunteers from other institutes and technical schools of physical culture and sports societies.

Soldiers-athletes on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War and deep behind enemy lines (as part of partisan detachments) honorably justified the high trust of the command, showing courage, determination, dedication, high military skill and devotion to the Fatherland.
Chapter 2
Repeated champion of Ukraine in classical wrestling, Grigory Malinko, was an artilleryman during the Great Patriotic War. One day, Grigory Malinko, defending the approaches to a village attacked by the Germans, was left alone with his gun. Distinguished by his extraordinary strength, Malinko, manually dragging a one and a half ton gun and shells, quickly changed firing positions and opened rapid artillery fire. The Nazis, who believed that at least several gun crews were firing, could not even imagine that only one person was fighting.
Weightlifter Alexander Donskoy was awarded orders and medals for military deeds. On instructions from the commander of a partisan detachment, he took on the role of a village priest, hid weapons in the church and prepared a combat group, with which he went to fight in the Volyn forests. The Nazis would have been quite surprised to learn that under the cassock of the “father” was hiding the champion of Ukraine in weightlifting. Donskoy also performed his feats of arms while fighting in a partisan detachment. During his stay in the sabotage group, Donskoy chalked up 9 derailed enemy trains and two vehicles with manpower and equipment.
Another weightlifter Arkady Avakyan had to fight in the Arctic. He was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports, but not for sporting achievements, but for military feats. In one of the battles, Avakyan led the sailors in an attack. Soon a hand-to-hand fight with the enemy ensued. During its course, our athlete killed a German officer with a blow of his fist (!)!
Honored Master of Sports in Boxing Nikolai Korolev also had to use his sports skills in the war. I would like to talk in more detail about this outstanding athlete. The best in the USSR in the second half of the 30-40s, one of the strongest masters in the history of Soviet boxing, Nikolai Korolev had a total of 219 fights in the ring and won 206. Nine times he became the champion of the USSR in the heavy category and five times was the absolute champion of the country.
Immediately after the declaration of war, Nikolai signed up as a volunteer and fought as part of OMSBON. Soon he goes with a partisan detachment under the command of the future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Medvedev behind enemy lines.
The partisans caused the Nazis a lot of trouble. “In one hundred and twenty days spent behind enemy lines, our detachment carried out about fifty combat operations,” Korolev recalled in his autobiographical book “In the Ring.” Soon, five partisan detachments from the local population formed in the area of ​​​​operation of Medvedev’s detachment. The occupiers were dealt blow after blow. Here and there communications were broken, military echelons were derailed, bridges were blown up, convoys and military units were destroyed. One day, the Nazis decided to deal with the partisans and sent a large detachment of SS men with machine guns and mortars. The surrounded partisans responded to the demand for immediate surrender with friendly fire. Coming out of the encirclement, Medvedev was wounded and could not move. Then Nikolai Korolev put his commander on his shoulders and carried him away. Suddenly they came across the Germans. Korolev, raising his hands, went to meet the enemies. The Nazis decided that the partisans were going to surrender and did not shoot. Approaching closely, Korolev knocked out five (!) Nazis with lightning-fast blows, took the machine gun and shot another one. The path to the forest was open. He had to carry the commander for over a kilometer until they were met by their own. This is how sports training helped Nikolai Korolev save his life and the life of his commander. For this feat he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In his book, Korolev wrote: “In difficult moments, I always remembered physical education and sports with a kind word. Physical education, having hardened me, made it easier to endure all the hardships and deprivations of partisan life. She helped me become a good fighter. I quickly found my bearings, for example, during combat battles.”
The day after the declaration of war, the famous speed skater, USSR record holder Anatoly Kapchinsky, like millions of his peers, was already at the military registration and enlistment office. But he was refused. Railway engineers were not taken into the army as volunteers.
However, he learned that in Moscow at the Dynamo stadium they were recruiting volunteers for the Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purposes - OMSBON NKVD of the USSR. All color big sport gathered there. Anatoly did not have time to greet his friends, whose names the whole country knew: Nikolai Korolev, Georgy Mazurov, Seraphim and Georgy Znamensky, Lyubov Kulakova, Grigory Pylnov, Sergey Shcherbakov, Konstantin Kudryavtsev. Entire courses of students from the Institute of Physical Education came to the stadium. Kapchinsky was enlisted in the brigade, appointed squad commander and sent to a station near Moscow, where the “Omsbonovites” were trained.
OMSBON fighters were preparing to operate in small groups behind enemy lines, as well as to fight fascist saboteurs in the rear Soviet troops. The special nature of the tasks of the Omsbonovites also determined the special nature of their training. The fighters made long ski and foot treks, forced marches, jumped with a parachute, learned to shoot from all types of Soviet and German small arms, set up ambushes, operate in forest conditions, mastered hand-to-hand combat techniques, sabotage and radio operations. The stress, both physical and nervous, was enormous. It is no coincidence that when forming OMSBON, the command gave preference to athletes.
At the very beginning of the winter of 1941, completely unexpectedly, Kapchinsky had the opportunity to skate again for the last time in his life. It seemed incredible: the Germans were shouting to the whole world that not today tomorrow they would enter the Soviet capital, and traditional competitions were being held in Moscow - the opening of the season at the Patriarch's Ponds. True, only four participants took to the start, but the most famous representatives of the national school: Konstantin Kudryavtsev, Platon and Igor Ippolitov, Anatoly Kapchinsky. The races did not bring high results, but they went down in the history of Soviet sports as a symbol of the courage of our athletes.
In 1942, in one of the battles near Kiev, Anatoly Kapchinsky died, hit by eighteen machine-gun bullets. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 16, 1944, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, for bravery, courage and self-sacrifice in battle.
USSR Champion 1939 In the 20 km ski race, at the end of the same year, Vladimir Myagkov, together with other famous Leningrad athletes, teachers and students of the Institute of Physical Education, volunteered to join one of the combat ski squads operating as part of the troops of the Leningrad Front, who fought with the White Finns. Ski squads made deep raids into enemy rear areas. Myagkov was distinguished by his special courage and combat ingenuity. He was entrusted with the most important combat missions. During the execution of one of them in the winter of 1940. he died the death of the brave. At the same time, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
About the fact that Nazi Germany on June 22, 1941. attacked our country, many Lesgaft members found out at their sports base in Kavgolovo, where they were preparing for the All-Union Parade of Athletes on Red Square in Moscow. And on the same day, hundreds of students and teachers submitted applications with a request to be sent to the active army. The director of the institute, I.I. Nikiforov, went to the people's militia division. And soon the army newspaper reported that regiment commissar Nikiforov, in the battle at Pulkovo Heights, despite being wounded, replaced the commander of one of the battalions who was out of action. And then the institute was given a special task: to form partisan detachments for operations behind enemy lines. In a matter of days, 13 detachments with a total number of 268 people were created. And each fighter of these detachments fought as selflessly and fearlessly as the rest of the Lesgaftites who fought as part of regular military formations. Those who remained to work at the institute did their best to help the military registration and enlistment offices in the pre-conscription training of young people.
The commander of the first partisan detachment, entirely composed of students and teachers of the Institute of Physical Education. P.F. Lesgafta was the head. department cycling Dmitry Fedorovich Kositsin. The commissioner is Leningrad road racing champion Vladimir Shaposhnikov. The military glory of Dmitry Kositsin's detachment spread not only among the defenders of Leningrad, but also behind enemy lines. The Nazis nicknamed the partisan skiers “white ghosts,” and placed a large reward on the head of their commander.
July 7, 1941 After a fierce battle, Soviet troops left the city of Ostrov. The organizer of the underground group of young patriots who fought in the ranks of the extermination battalion was Claudia Nazarova, who by that time had completed the first year of the coaching school (athletics department). The underground members collected weapons, distributed leaflets, destroyed the fascists, and threw grenades at the fascist headquarters. They did it by setting fire to a sawmill that supplied products to the occupiers. Several underground fighters became police officers. They are entrusted with the protection of young people mobilized to be sent to Germany. None of those mobilized made it to the fascist lair, but the ranks of the partisans were replenished with new fighters. Once, the underground managed to blow up a train that was carrying fascist officers from near Leningrad on vacation - as many as thirteen cars. The underground fighters established contact with the Soviet command and provided information to intelligence officers deployed behind enemy lines. But the Nazis managed to track down Klava Nazarova. Horrible torture began. December 12, 1942. Having rounded up everyone who could move to the city square, the Nazis hanged the young patriot. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 20, 1945. Claudia Ivanovna Nazarova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Chapter 3
The role played by warrior-athletes in the Great Victory and the importance of physical training for soldiers of the Soviet Army was repeatedly emphasized by Marshal Zhukov, who became the organizer of the country's first army sports club in the Ural Military District.
From 1941 to 1945, the headquarters of the Ural Military District sent more than two million soldiers to the front who took part in the largest battles. Warrior-athletes from the Urals took part in the battles for Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, the Caucasus, Crimea, the Battle of Kursk, the battle for the Dnieper and right-bank Ukraine.
On all fronts, special units and entire units of athletes were created, intended for the most complex combat operations: sabotage behind enemy lines, reconnaissance with long movements, landings, and seizure of bridgeheads in hard-to-reach places.
Among the Sverdlovsk warrior-athletes along the entire front, the name of the region's champion, Dynamo player Sergei Voronov, who was active in the squad of reconnaissance skiers, was known. More than once he went behind enemy lines on skis for 30 km or more, and got a “tongue”. In one of the operations, scout Voronov died.
etc.............