Andrey Burlyaev, an international master of sports in speed skating, has been showing good results over the past few years, performing well at the Russian championships and at the World Cup stages. But before prestigious competitions, something goes wrong...
So, two years ago, at the last moment, he did not make it into the Olympic team and was unable to go to Turin, despite the fact that he had been preparing for this for two years. Last year he performed well at the Russian Championship and was supposed to go to the European Championship. But it didn’t work out! The athlete did not have time to obtain a visa to Italy... Weaker athletes went instead of him and performed unsuccessfully, which is why the quota of participants in the European speed skating forum for Russia was reduced to two people. To get to the Old World Championship, which will be held in Kolomna from January 12 to 15, 2008, Burlyaev had to become at least second at the Russian all-around championship in December. Andrey became third...
First spareIt’s a shame,” says Andrey. - Last year I was not allowed to perform. The results were not bad, it was possible to make a statement... In Moscow they openly stated: “Andryush, take care of the visa yourself, we’ll have New Year’s holidays and holidays soon.” I thought, okay, we’ll manage somehow at home. But here, too, no one offered help. Then they replaced me with young Muscovites. And, frankly speaking, we blew all the places. Everyone performed unsuccessfully with the exception of Vanya Skobrev, the leader of the team. And it turned out that at the European Championship, which will now be held at home, there will be two participants from Russia. I'm the first alternate. I'll fly to Kolomna. Don't run, just train.
But I’m no longer upset, I’ve gotten over it. I am 24 years old, which is quite young for my specialization. I think we will live to see Sochi. I feel that I have great potential and have room to grow. This is what I will do.
I didn't believe the numbers!-Do you remember the first time you skated?
At about three years old, my father put me on skates. We had a family tradition - to go to the skating rink every weekend, even though no one was seriously involved in sports. At first I had these two-blade blades that were tied to felt boots... Later, a hockey rink appeared in our yard in Solnechnaya Polyana, where I skated behind my older sister, and I got white figure skates. I remember my dad demanded some kind of technique from me. You could even say that my first coach was my father. When my future coach Vladimir Bastrykin came to us at gymnasium No. 45, I was in third grade. He invited me to join the section. And when the ice was filled, we were given the first skates and we went, I did better than anyone. For beginners, the ankle usually breaks and they fall. And I got on my skates and began to cut circles. The coach called me over and asked: “When did you learn to do this? That’s it, you’ll go to competitions.”
The realization that “this is mine” came at the junior age, when the first powerful victories happened. I remember how I won a competition where famous speed skaters were running and I exceeded the international level by 25 seconds. I didn’t believe the numbers I saw on the scoreboard!
You can't practice hereI don't visit Barnaul very often. We train where there are skating rinks. Now I have returned from Chelyabinsk. A modern sports complex was built there. A very good skating base in Kolomna - there is very fast ice, a luxurious palace.
- What is it like to go out on the ice in Barnaul after such ice as in Chelyabinsk or Kolomna?
Of course, not the same quality, not the same level. You can't speed up on our ice. After completely ideal conditions the slightest breeze seems to be an irritant. Imagine what happened four years ago, when there was not a single one in Russia ice palace for speed skaters. And this is in such big country! There are 17 skating rinks on the territory of one small Holland!
- Is there any point in such training?
Well, you can stand on the ice and slide. You won't get any proper training here.
“I wish I could sing with Daineko”
I have a couple of friends who have already retired from the sport, and I have seen what it cost them. You spend half your life doing one thing, and then suddenly quit it and plunge into another area...
But you can't escape this. I'm preparing myself. However, I still don’t know what I will do. I would like to open my own business, some small business. Or try yourself as a lawyer in sports. This year I am graduating from the Barnaul Law Institute.
- What topic is the diploma on?
I decided to write a thesis at the department of criminology, about some robberies, robberies, thefts...
- Why such a choice?!
I'm familiar with this. I did my internship at the Central District Department of Internal Affairs. He went with the investigative team to the robbery, helped to formalize and document everything. We took fingerprints and looked for evidence. Well... that's quite interesting.
And now you’re looking at famous athletes and you are surprised. Yagudin started singing with Daineko. Have you seen the clip? I also want to surprise someone. Burn your own disc. Or at least a song.
- Can you?
Yes! At school No. 45 I was a soloist in the choir. And then he began to be torn between sports and singing. The chorus girl said: “Please make up your mind.” And so I decided.
Speed skating: secret questions
- Is it true that speed skaters skate in such a strange position because it’s faster?
From the outside it seems that this is inconvenient. But no other position is suitable for our sport. You can't run far while standing. This is the specificity - you need to resist the wind, cut through the air. Our overalls are made using special technologies, they are tested on special equipment - this is a whole science.
- Is it true that speed skaters move on the ice at the speed of a car?
At a distance of 500 meters, the speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, can you imagine?! But there are falls. Overalls are torn, skates bend just like that...
- Is it true that you have to learn to endure stress?
Speed skating is very “arable”. From the word "plowing". You need to endure a lot, step over yourself. The coach taught me this. Well, by nature there must be data. If you have sprinting white muscle fibers, then you can’t stand it or not, you won’t be able to stand it for more than 30 minutes. When you have two workouts a day for several months, fatigue accumulates like a snowball. It happens that you fall off your feet from fatigue, just to get to the sofa... This is considered normal in our country.
- Is it true that you can hate sports?
Overnight - no. Of course, everyone has temporary psychoses when something doesn’t work out. I want to break my skates and throw them away. And many people do just that! At the Olympics, you could see how one Belgian, after finishing, took his skates and began to scratch them on the asphalt. I've never done this before. Thank God, discreet.
- Is it true that before you put on your skating boots for the first time, you need to keep them in the oven?
Yes, it's true! They need to be heated. Some people manage to do it with a hairdryer, others with an iron... Who has what they have on hand. New skates are specially made narrow. It takes a lot of effort to get your foot in there! And to make this easier, the skates are heated. When the carbon (the material from which the boots are made) “fits”, you need to very quickly put on the boot, lace it tightly and wrap it up elastic bandage. Then put your feet in a “landing” position, as before the start, and sit like this until the carbon takes the shape of your feet.
- Is it true that speed skaters make good money?
It's a shame for me to complain. Enough to live, to do repairs in the apartment. Recently, commercial starts have appeared. There are not many of them, but you can earn at least some fees. It’s just a shame that those athletes who showed such results, even higher, ten years ago, did not have such an opportunity.
No personal life!
There is one problem. Because of sports - no personal life. Today I came home for ten days, tomorrow I will go to another city for a month, the day after tomorrow to Kolomna for a week, then home for two days. And where is your personal life?
And after all, there were already serious relationships with the girls, and it already seemed that the wedding was soon, that everything would be beautiful, that there was love. But no. And I understand more than anyone else that being alone for so long is difficult, not everyone will dare to do this. We recently sat with the guys from the national team in a bathhouse and discussed this topic. We have many older athletes, and only two are family athletes.
- Do you have a girlfriend now?
Yes. We met four months ago. And three last month I wasn't at home...
Is it possible to run 500 meters in 34 seconds? Yes, if you have been in speed skating for several years and your name is Pavel Kulizhnikov. This record holder is the most fast speed skater in the world.
Short runners long distances- unique people. They only have skates on their feet, not walking boots, but they manage to move at a car speed of 60 km/h. This is the maximum speed of skaters. Why, under equal conditions, do some run faster and others slower? Based on scientific understanding, speed is determined by several factors:
- physical qualities of an athlete;
- weather conditions;
- condition of sports equipment.
The average speed of a skater is 40-50 km/h. There are two types of athletes in speed skating: short-distance runners and long-distance runners. Sprinter course - 500 or 1000 meters. Stayers must run a course of 3000, 5000 or 10,000 meters.
Important! To achieve the best results, a skater must be able to distribute forces throughout the race.
To answer the question of what speed a speed skater develops, you need to know the scientific understanding of speed running techniques. It is based on the laws of physics, physiology and human anatomy. can be considered one of the most technically accurate. Every movement of an athlete must be filled with meaning, verified, and honed to the point of automaticity. The main load is taken by the athlete's legs, however, without knowledge of how and in what position to hold the arms, body and head, it will be difficult for the skater to achieve maximum speed.
How thick should a skate blade be?
To develop the maximum possible speed on ice, skates must have minimal sliding resistance. Flap skates got their name because of the characteristic sound they make when sliding. Made from carbon steel high quality. Their blades are the thinnest when compared to figure skates or hockey skates, measuring only 1-1.2 mm.
Important! The athlete must ensure that the blades are perfectly sharpened. The working surface must be smooth and level. The edge of the blade should form a right angle.
A distinctive feature of clap skates is the fixation of the boot. Only its front part (toe) is attached to the blade using a hinge with a spring.
First World Championship
Amsterdam is the city where the first conference took place. official championship world speed skating. This event happened in 1889. 4 years later, the capital of the Netherlands again hosted skaters from all over the world, but now legally. In 1893, a decision was made to grant the competition legal status, and speed skaters took part in the first official world championship. True, at first only men. Women have only been allowed to compete since 1936. The first world sprint championship took place in 1972.
First world record holder
Speed skating, in which the maximum speed was set by Swedish athlete Oscar Grunden, begins the chronicle of the history of world records in 1891. At a competition in Stockholm, he ran the 500 meters in 50.8 seconds. In 1893, his record was broken by 0.6 seconds by the Norwegian Alfred Ness.
The next record holder appeared only 13 years later. It was Rudolf Gundersen. It took the longest to break Hans Engenstangen's record. Our compatriot Yuri Sergeev did this, beating the Norwegian by only a tenth of a second. Among women, the first record holder was Sofia Kondakova, who completed the 1000 meters in 1:36.8.
The most titled speed skaters
Become a champion no more or less, but 40 times! Finn Claes Thunberg rightfully bears the title of one of the most titled speed skaters. He won world and European championships.
Among Russian champions, the first line of the list is decorated with the name of four-time Olympic champion Evgeny Grishin. Among women, Lidiya Skoblikova has achieved phenomenal sporting success. At the IX Olympics she won gold, becoming first in all four distances. Among women, she is the only six-time champion in the world winter species. The absolute record holder for gold medals won is American Eric Hayden.
Olympics 2018
In 2018, the Winter Olympics were held in the province South Korea, Pyeongchang, at the indoor speed skating stadium. The competition program, compared to previous years, was supplemented by a mass start for men and women. Representatives of 27 countries of the world sent their skaters to the distance. Between them, 14 sets of awards were played. The men's 500m race brought gold to Norway's Howar Lorentsen. Among women, the Japanese Nao Kodaira became the champion.
Dutch speed skaters won gold medals in three distances for both men and women: 1000, 1500 (Kjeld Neus, Jorin Ter Mors, Irene Wust), 3000 (Karlein Achterekte) and 5000 meters (Sven Kramer, Esme Visser). Canadian Ted-Jan Blumen covered the 10,000-meter distance the fastest. In the mass start, South Korean athlete Lee Seung-hun was the first to cross the finish line, and among women, Japanese Nana Takagi was the first to cross the finish line. The Norwegian team won the men's team, and the Japanese team won the women's team.
Figure skating
Speed skaters and figure skaters not only have common sports equipment - skates; until a certain time, both of these disciplines were considered speed skating. However, what works for one athlete may not work for another. For a skater, the main thing is speed, and for a figure skater, the main thing is high-quality execution of complex elements on the ice and good grip of skates on a smooth sliding surface.
At the 2018 Olympics, figure skaters traditionally competed in men's and women's singles, pair skating, as well as in ice dancing. Gold medal In single skating among men, the winner was Japanese Yuzuru Hanyu, among women - athlete from Russia Alina Zagitova. A couple from Germany, Alena Savchenko and Bruno Massot, climbed to the first step of the podium. In ice dancing, Canadians Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir showed the highest class. Their team also won the team competition.
Myths about speed skating
Among the fans of this spectacular view There are many myths about sports that have nothing to do with reality:
- The sooner the better. Speed skating is not suitable for the youngest. You can send your child to the section from the age of 10-11 years.
- The ice on the track should be as frozen as possible. For the most comfortable grip, the ice should not be too frozen. Its optimal temperature for skaters is from -3 to -5°C, -6°C. The coldest ice should be for stayers - -10°C and for sprinters - from -7°C. This will improve performance.
- During the race, each athlete runs only one circle (inner or outer) throughout the entire distance. No. They change places. There is a special area for this. Thus, the athlete runs half the circle in the outer circle, and the other half in the inner circle.
Who is faster - a skier or a skater?
The situation is different with skiers than with skaters. Cross-country skiers On average, they reach a speed of 25-30 km/h on the highway. But in skiing speed can reach 140 km/h. To determine who is faster, you need to take into account many factors, including the type of sports equipment, the quality of the track and weather conditions.
We looked at the main features speed skating, found out how fast speed skaters run, debunked myths and met outstanding athletes. Now watching the competition will become even more interesting.
Skating(English: speed skating - "speed skating") - a sport in which participants in the competition must cover a distance as fast as possible. vicious circle at the ice stadium. According to archaeologists, speed skating is one of the most ancient sports - the skates discovered during excavations are 3,200 years old and most likely belonged to the Cimmerians (one of the nomadic tribes that lived in the Northern Black Sea region).
Ice skating was often reflected in paintings - one of these paintings dates back to 1380. There are also mentions of skates in some written sources, the first of which, placed in the “English-Dutch Dictionary” of Gemakh, is dated 1648.
The world's first skating club was organized in Great Britain in 1742, and official competitions in this species sports were held in January 1763 in the same country. Also in England in 1772, the first book of speed skating rules was published, including practical recommendations speed skaters and figure skaters. In Russia, a book of this kind was called " Winter fun and the art of figure skating" was published in 1839.
Speed skating began to develop in the 50-60s of the 19th century: in 1830 a skating club was organized in Glasgow, in 1849 in Philadelphia, in 1863 in New York and Norway. Over the next 5 years, skating clubs appeared in many countries: in 1864 - in Russia, in 1865 - in France, in 1867 - in Austria, in 1868 - in Germany, in 1869 - in Hungary.
On December 8, 1879, the first national speed skating championship was organized in England for the first time in the world. In the middle of the 19th century, first in London, and then in other cities of Europe and America, flood skating rinks appeared - before that, athletes used them for competitions in speed skating and figure skating only natural bodies of water.
The first world championship in this sport took place in 1889 in Amsterdam (Netherlands). These competitions were declared professional by the International Skating Union.
In 1892 it was created International Union speed skaters - ISU (International Skating Union - ISU), now it includes more than 60 national federations different countries peace. It was at the ISU Congress in Copenhagen (1895) that the Unified Rules for Speed Skating were approved.
1893 - the first official world men's speed skating championship was held in Amsterdam. In the same year, the European Championship in this sport was held. Women also actively mastered speed skating - since 1911, they took part in single 500-meter races and figure skating competitions.
In 1936, the World Women's Speed Skating Championships were held, and representatives of the fair sex began to participate in the European Championships only in 1970. Since 1972, the World Sprint All-Around Championships (500 and 1000 m) have been held.
Speed skating (distances - 500, 1500, 5000, 10000 m and all-around) for men was included in the program of the first winter Olympic Games(Chamonix (France)) in 1924, and competitions of this kind among women athletes began to be held in 1960. It should be mentioned that at the II Olympics (1928, St. Moritz (Switzerland)) there were no all-around competitions and competitions at a distance of 10,000 m.
Nowadays, speed skaters compete in speed at short distances - 500, 1,000 (for men since 1976), and 1500 m, and long distances - 3,000, 5,000 (for women since 1988), and 10,000 m. Speed skating competitions take place on ice tracks whose length is 400 meters, width - 10 m (as well as an additional 2 m for the safety of the competitors and the convenience of snow removal), the turning radius is 25 and 30 meters. In addition, some stadiums have indoor warm-up tracks (length - 333 meters, width - 5 meters). Since the skater walks half of the circle on the inner track and the other half on the outer track, the length of the track is equal to half the sum of the lengths of the outer and inner tracks. The distance covered by the athlete during the transition from one track to another is also taken into account. To delimit the tracks, a line (5 cm wide) is used, painted on the ice with bright paint. A snow roller (15 cm wide) is placed on top of it, the outer edge of which coincides with the outer edge of the marking line. In cases where the size of the ice field is not sufficient to create a standard track, competition organizers can reduce the turning radius or mark out a smaller track.
From each national team in all types of competitions speed running 3 athletes take part in skating (until 1972, at distances of 500 and 1500 m for men - 4 athletes). All competition participants are divided into pairs and walk the distance, moving counterclockwise along the ice track. The skater with the best time wins.
Types of speed skating:
. speed skating itself is a speed skating competition held on a long running track (400 m);
. figure skating- athletes (most often accompanied by music) move along the ice field, performing additional elements of various kinds (jumps, spins, lifts, etc.);
. short track - a speed skating competition held on a short track (111.12 m).
At first, skates were made of wood. This is not entirely true. According to archaeologists, the basis for the first skates were the femurs of animals. In the period from the XIII to the XVIII centuries. the base of the skates was wooden with attached runners made of iron or bronze, and somewhat later - of steel.
Speed skating and figure skating are different types of speed skating. Indeed, at the end of the 19th century, a process of “specialization” began in the ranks of speed skaters - athletes appeared who preferred speed skating or figure skating. However, complete separation took place only at the beginning of the 20th century; before that, the same athletes participated in all competitions, be it figure skating or covering speed distances.
Absolute championship in all-around has never been played out in speed skating. The procedure for determining world champions and Olympic champions in this sport has changed several times. In the period from 1909 to 1915, to receive the above-mentioned title, a skater really only had to win 1-2 distances and get the fewest points in the all-around. In 1926-27, the winner was declared the athlete who scored the highest percentage in 4 distances and demonstrated at least one record result. But in the period from 1915 to 1925, in particular in 1924, at the 1st Winter Olympics (Chamonix (France)), the results demonstrated by athletes at all 4 all-around distances were summed up to determine the champion.
Speed skating records began to be recorded in 1893. In 1893, the titles of European champion (Swede R. Eriksson) and world champion (Dutchman Eden) were officially awarded for the first time, but records in this sport began to be recorded back in 1890, and achievements that took place earlier were also taken into account. World records set by female athletes have been recorded since 1929, although the first world women's speed skating championship was held only in 1936. Small all-around records have been registered since 1956.
The sooner a person starts skating, the better. No, this statement is true for figure skating. But it’s best to start speed skating at the age of 10-11 years.
It is best to practice speed skating on well-frozen ice. This is wrong. The ice should not be too frozen, since it is in this case that the adhesion of the skate to the ice is possible, decreasing as the above-mentioned substance further hardens.
Ice of the same temperature and thickness is suitable for all types of speed skating. Wrong opinion. The level of grip with skates, strength, possibility of chipping, etc. depend on the temperature of the ice. Because for various types sports require ice of different temperatures: in figure skating - from -3 to -5°C (good grip on the skate is ensured), in short track speed skating - up to -6°C, for hockey matches colder ice is needed - from -6 to -8°C, and on speed skating tracks the ice temperature is from -7°C (for sprinters) to -10°C (for stayer races). Ice thickness for different types speed skating is also somewhat different. For sprint and stayer races, a layer of ice 25 mm thick is sufficient, but on short track speed skating grounds the ice is somewhat thicker - about 40 mm.
Ice on artificial skating rinks always even and smooth. Unfortunately, this is not the case, especially if the rollers are homemade. And for productive speed skating suitable for sports namely the most even and smooth surface, which occurs only in specially prepared ice stadiums.
It takes 2-3 days to fill a skating rink at a sports complex, but it can take a day and a half to melt the ice. Melt the ice field and arrange, say, tennis courts or additional stands can actually be built quite quickly. And according to international standards, the filling itself takes no more than 3 days. However preparatory work on an ice field it can take much longer. After all, before pouring ice, which in itself is a rather complex technological process, the concrete slab located at the base of the skating rink is carefully inspected, repaired, and polished. This process may take several weeks.
One of the athletes covers the entire distance along the outer track, the other along the inner track. Wrong opinion. To equalize the chances of winning, skaters exchange lanes in a special area. As a result, each of them runs half the circle along the outer track, the other half along the inner track.
All participants in cyclic competitions (cyclists, speed skaters, etc.) take the turn in the same way - away from the inner edge of the track. No, only athletes who use any kind of equipment to pass the distance try to stay as far as possible from the inner edge of the track on turns. vehicles(cyclists, motorcycle racers, etc.) Since in this case they will be almost perpendicular to the track surface, the friction force will be minimal, and the angle of inclination of the track surface to the horizon will be the smallest. It is this state of affairs that allows athletes to take a turn at the maximum possible speed. But skaters, on the contrary, try to stay close to the inner edge of the track, since it is in this case that the resultant of three forces (friction, gravity, ground reaction) cause centripetal acceleration, which means that the time to complete a turn is reduced to a minimum.
If an athlete falls before the finish line, he cannot be declared the winner. This is wrong. According to the main rule of speed skating, if an athlete’s skate crosses the finish line, the result will be counted for him, even if he falls.
Speed skating techniques can only be mastered during training on ice. Of course, activities of this kind are extremely important. However, the importance of training that can be done at home should not be underestimated. Experts recommend that beginners first put on skates with covered blades and walk around the floor at home and do squats (both on two and one leg). To this should be added walking on heels, toes, outside and inside feet, lunges, cross and goose steps in combination with arm swings are exercises that develop coordination and are similar in nature to skating. In this way, a person will gain stability and confidence, which beginner speed skaters so lack.
The main thing is to learn to run on ice, moving your legs as quickly as possible. Wrong opinion. Professional athletes do not run, but glide, taking steps of equal length and using the acceleration of each step to the end. At the same time, they try to move smoothly and evenly, making strong pushes without jerking - this is the only way to develop really high speed. An increase in step frequency is observed only in long-distance running (5000 and 1000 meters), when, as a result of increasing fatigue, the pushing force decreases, and the skater has to change running tactics. However, it should be taken into account that high-class athletes cover the entire distance without reducing speed, without changing the frequency of steps.
When running long distances, the skater feels best at the beginning, but fatigue accumulates towards the end of the race. Not necessarily. Experts say that in the 10 or 20 minutes required to cover a distance, an athlete’s well-being can either worsen or remain stable, and sometimes even improve compared to what it was at the very beginning of the race.
Skate models do not change very often; the latest invention is klap skates. Indeed, when purchasing skates, you don’t have to worry that in a couple of years you will have to change them to a new model. However, the klappa skates (or flapper skates, which got their name due to the fact that the spring that returns the skate to its place makes a characteristic sound when the skater moves), which appeared in the late 90s, are distinguished by the fact that the blade is attached to thumb feet, rather than to the sole of the shoe, is by no means a recent invention. In addition to them, there are models of skates with blades, the thickness of which in the front and back is about 1.1 mm, and in the middle - 0.9 mm, which allows increasing the results demonstrated by athletes during competitions. And in Russia, the development of so-called adaptive skates or “adacons” (inventor - Lev Nikolaevich Aksenov) is underway, equipped with an adjustment unit that allows you to set the position of the blade in accordance with the anatomical characteristics of a particular person. According to the inventor, such skates will significantly increase the speed of athletes, as well as prevent various problems with the musculoskeletal system caused by the fact that all modern skates have a standard blade position (on a line running from the middle of the heel to the second toe), which is not always coinciding with the line of support of the foot.
The more expensive the skating boots, the easier it will be to master the intricacies of this sport. Yes, expensive boots have some undeniable advantages. For example, if the boot is made of thermoformable plastic, you can independently fit it exactly to your foot. It is enough to heat the shoes to a temperature of 60-70º C (in a sauna or steam bath), put them on your feet, lace them up and use your hands to shape them to fit your foot, simply pressing the shoe tightly against your foot. After cooling, you will receive boots that are perfect for you. The high sides of skating boots that cover the ankle provide stability on ice. However, you should not think that without certain skills you will be able to easily coordinate your movements on the ice only thanks to branded shoes. To achieve certain results, you will need to devote a lot of time to training aimed at developing the muscles of the foot and lower leg, improving coordination of movements, sense of balance, etc.
The tighter the boots are laced, the better. This principle is most often followed by beginners, who tighten the laces at the bottom of the shoe with all their might. Professionals argue that in high-speed running the leg needs some freedom. If the laces are tightened so that it is impossible to move your fingers, your legs will quickly get tired, and on an open skating rink they will also freeze. It is recommended to lace the shoes in a cross-shaped overlap, while at the bottom the laces should not be tightened too tightly, the middle part of the shoes should be laced tighter, and the top part should be laced as loosely as possible. Only in this case will you be guaranteed comfort during a long, intense workout.
At first, used skates are quite suitable for training. Indeed, skates can be rented and it is not very expensive - about $4-5 for a couple of hours. However, it should be remembered that such skates are rarely of high quality, so it is better to purchase your own - their cost varies from $40 to $120.
The history of speed skating began in XII. Written sources have been preserved - the notes of the monk Stephanius, evidence of the first competitions in London. The opening of the first club in the discipline took place in 1604. At the end of the 18th century, a set of rules for competition participants was published. The speed skater's record speed has been officially recorded since 1890. Today, the title of champion is awarded to athletes who win three out of four distances.
A person always strives for more, develops abilities and creates auxiliary equipment to improve performance. It is difficult to determine exactly what speed speed skaters can achieve. Its development on the track depends on physical training athlete, equipment, distance, condition of the ice surface. At the skating rink, ice skating enthusiasts move at a speed of 3-5 km/h, with a maximum speed of 12 km/h. Traffic is limited by congestion on the highway. Developing greater speed is the task of professional athletes. In hockey, players can skate at speeds of up to 40 km/h. The record among hockey players was set by Maxim Afinogenov, the speed of movement was 46 km/h. The average speed among speed skaters is between 45 and 50. The indicators do not refer to constant data. On straight sections, the ability to develop speed increases. Statistics determine average speed 5 km more.
First world record holder
Oskar Grunden wrote his name in the history of sports. He became the first record holder on short distance at 500 meters. The Norwegian athlete completed it in 50.8 seconds, but it was not long before he managed to improve his result. The sprinter's speed was recorded in 1891.
The first person in the world to receive the status of Olympic champion three times in singles winter games, became Claes Thunberg. The athlete from Finland began a series of victories in 1923. The young speed skater began training in the discipline at the age of 18. Over ten years of work, he managed to achieve worldwide fame and top the list of world stars. The historical event took place at the stadium of the French city of Chamonix in 1924. At the age of 28, a resident of Helsinki won his first European champion title. The next ten years became the most successful in the speed skating career. Best result brought the athlete a short track - a distance of 500 m and a track of 1.5 km.
Unratified records
At the 2007 competition in Salt Lake City, two athletes did not receive record holder status due to a judge's decision. Jeremy Wotherspoon, the Canadian representative, did not receive gold in the sprint all-around. Chiare Simionato - Italy did not count 154.777 points in the small all-around.
The last failed record holder was Denis Yuskova from Russia. At the Olympics in Calgary, the result of 3:34.37 was not counted.
The results could not be ratified due to violation of speed skating rules.
The most titled speed skaters
The athletes are multiple winners of Olympic gold and come from different countries of the world: Norway, the Netherlands, Russia, America, Japan, Finland. Women's world records received official recognition later than men's. The decision to begin registration was approved in 1929.
Achievements of men
Among Dutch athletes, Jaap Eden became the world champion three times. During his career, he set five world records. He managed to cover 1500 and 5000 meters as quickly as possible. Compatriot Adrianus Schendk achieved seven medals during his stay in big sport, became world champion three times. Robert Ritsma managed to surpass his comrades. He received the title of Olympic champion four times. The skater has six victories at the European Championships. Sven Kramer entered the list of the most titled speed skaters from the Netherlands in 2015-2017, receiving a nine-time European champion title. Ice running helped Norwegian athletes gain worldwide fame: Hjalmar Andersen, Johan-Olaf Koss, Michael Straxurd, Ivar Ballangrud, Oscar Mathiesen.
Russian Oleg Goncharenko is well known to the world sports community. The athlete, originally from the city of Kharkov (Ukraine), showed high results at competitions in Helsinki in 1953. The young talent won the 5,000 and 10,000 m tracks, and received silver in the 1,500 m race. The past stages of the all-around brought him first place in the results, making him the first Soviet world champion.
Women's records
In the sports discipline, the name of Yulia Lipnitskaya is well known to the world community. At the age of 15, the girl led the Russian team to victory at the 2014 competition in Sochi. Katharina Witt - East German athlete received the title of champion single skating twice, four times became first in the world and six in Europe. Oksana Baiul, originally from Ukraine, became an Olympic winner at the 1994 championship and a one-time winner of world gold in 1993. American Michelle Kwan has stood on the world podium five times. The girl is second only to Sonya Henie, the first and only three-time Olympic champion to date.
Fastest speed skater in the world
The results of female speed skating athletes can be compared at different distances. The fastest speed skater in the world is a champion on the shortest track. Today it is Pavel Kulizhnikov. The Russian showed record speed at 500 meters. In November 2015, the young man overcame the obstacle in 33.98 seconds and made no technical errors. The young man, originally from the Komi Republic, began sports activities speed skater After moving to Kolomna, his father helped Pavel find his calling and sent his son to speed skating training. Skating on ice became my life's work. After his disqualification in 2012, Kulizhnikov did not give up. After disqualification, he restored his name and showed decent result, returned to the ice victorious. The 24-year-old young man was the first among Russians to achieve such heights of sport.
Myths and reality
Truth and fiction have their place in every sphere of human activity. The reality does not correspond to the following statements:
- The speed of movement of the legs plays a role main role when sliding on ice - this is a myth. Maximum acceleration is obtained when taking almost equal steps. The best results are obtained when making smooth movements.
- If a skater falls before the finish line, the result is not recognized. Assumption refers to fiction. The rules confirm the victory of the participant when the athlete’s skate crosses the finish line.
- During long races, participants become fatigued. Medical research has proven this assumption to be false. At the end of the race professional athletes feel better than when starting the route.
Speed skating is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. The development of the direction occurs annually: equipment is modernized, athletes master new elements. Every year new record holders are set, and the speed of skaters over distances becomes higher. Spectacular sports discipline ready to surprise fans.
Achievements of men in speed skating
Jeremy Lee Wotherspoon. Canadian athlete. Four-time champion peace. 1998 Olympics in Nagano - silver. Author of many world-class records at distances of 500 and 1,000 m.
On November 9, 2007, in Salt Lake City (USA), Wotherspoon covered the 500 m distance in 34:03 seconds. Already on March 15 of the next year at the World Cup in Calgary, Canada, 500 m x 2 - 68.31 seconds.
Shani Davis. USA. Two gold olympic medals at 1,000 m and two silver at a distance of 1,500 m in 2006 and 2010. Multiple champion peace.
Records were set in 2009 in Salt Lake City:
Sven Kramer. Netherlands. Threefold Olympic champion. Six-time European champion. Multiple world champion. A fast-moving legend at distances of 5 and 10 thousand meters. Maximum speed speed skater's world record, which no one has yet overcome.
On March 10, 2007, in Salt Lake City, Sven Kramer literally flew the 10,000 m distance in just 12 minutes and 41.69 seconds. The very next day this unique person puts new record in the team race: 8 laps completed in 3 minutes and 37.80 seconds.
In Calgary on November 17, 2007, he accomplishes the impossible: two world records. Kramer covered the 5,000 m distance in 6:03.32, and the 3,000 m in 3:37.15.
Women's speed skating records
In America, at the 2013 World Championships in Salt Lake City, they showed miracles of speed:
South Korean two-time Olympic champion Lee Sang-hwa ran 500m in 36.36 seconds (November 16);
The 1,500 m record was set by Canadian Cindy Klassen, also in Salt Lake City, only back in 2005, on November 20. Her time is 1:51.79. The beauty is an Olympic champion, four-time world champion and the author of 13 world records. Her achievement at 3,000 m is 3:53.34 (Calgary, March 18, 2006) so far no one has disputed.
The 5,000 m record was 6:42.66 in Salt Lake City by Czech Martina Sablikova. She became three times Olympic champion, is a multiple European and world champion.
