This discipline is considered one of the oldest sports, which appeared around in 2000 BC e.
Historical monuments related to by 2000 BC and 1200— AD, on which there is a stick and a ball.
Modern look games originated in schools and universities Great Britain in the middle of the 19th century. So, in 1861 in London arose Blackheath's first hockey club, a little later other organizations appeared. Before that in 1852 The rules of the game of field hockey were developed.
International Federation and other names of organizations
January 18, 1886- official education National Field Hockey Association. Gradually, this sport began to spread throughout Europe and Asia, and also gained popularity in the USA and Canada. . In 1895 was carried out first international match between Ireland and Wales. A January 7, 1924 in France it was decided to found International Field Hockey Federation.
As for women's field hockey, first club in 1876 was also educated in England at the University of Oxford.
In 1894 The National Field Hockey Association was formed in Ireland. At the beginning of the 20th century women's sports began to spread around the world and in 1926 took place first international meeting.
A in 1927 was formed in Great Britain International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations.
Is it an Olympic sport?
Since 1908 is part of the Olympic Games men's field hockey, since 1980 among women. The format of the competition changed several times. For example, in 1908 and 1952 matches were played back-to-back, and in 1920 and 1932- in a round robin system. The rest of the games had a standard format. At first group stage, and then the playoff stage. On Olympic Games there was only a lack of discipline in 1912 and 1924.
Photo 1. Match between the women's national teams of Czechoslovakia and Poland at the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980.
What is the name of a special type of game?
A type of field hockey ice hockey, which appeared in 1972 in Germany. It was then played first tournament. The first World Cup has passed in 2003, where German teams won medals in both the women's and men's categories. Main differences from classic hockey on the grass:
- Coating. The match is played on artificial turf rather than grass.
- Site size. If field hockey requires a field size 55*91 m, then for ice hockey - 20*40 m.
- Team composition. For indro hockey it is required 6 people (5 field players and 1 goalkeeper), for field hockey it is necessary 11 players.
- Time. The duration of the meeting is also different, in ice hockey 2 halves of 20 minutes.
How the matches between men and women work out
Main task- score more goals than the opposing team.
If the score is tied, after the whistle the result remains a draw, but in tournaments where there is no provision for a tie score, there is extra time and post-match shootout.
The match starts from the center of the field, with the athletes positioned on their own halves of the court. After the referee's whistle, the competition begins.
Field players have the right to contact the ball only with the flat side of the club and you must not touch the projectile with your hands and feet. Goalkeeper, on the contrary, it is not prohibited to touch the ball both hands and feet, but if the projectile is pressed against the goalkeeper or he deliberately kicks the ball with his hand, then a free throw is awarded.
Attention! A goal is counted only if the projectile scored from the circle.
As for throw-ins, corners, goal kicks, everything is the same as in regular football. When the ball has left the attacking team, a goal kick is taken. If from the national team occupying defensive position - corner.
The ball goes out of bounds only when he is completely behind the side or end line. There are also penalty corners, they are awarded if there was a violation of the rules in the kick circle.
Jump ball The referee determines that in case of a stop, the rally takes place from the point of interruption. The players' sticks must be down, then the shot must be struck. the front side of the item over the projectile and play the ball.
There are two referees officiating the match, everyone is in their own half. They record violations, goals scored, control substitutions, and signal the beginning and end of each half.
Exists European hockey league , where only the elite teams of Europe play and, therefore, the rules for this confederation differ from classic field hockey. The game is underway in the EHL 4 halves of 17.5 minutes. And five-minute break, and in regular matches 2 stages of 35 minutes and rest between halves in 10 min.
There are also differences regarding fines:
- When the judge reaches yellow card, then the athlete is removed for 2-5 minutes, depending on the nature of the violation. In the EHL - the player sits on the penalty bench for 5-10 minutes.
- Red card regardless of the league - removal until the end of the match with possible disqualification for the next games.
For minor violations, the referee shows the athlete green card and this is considered a warning.
If such a card is shown in the EHL, the player sits in the penalty box for 2 min.
Organization of the Olympics and friendly matches
The organization of tournaments rests on the shoulders of the International Field Hockey Federation. This association includes 127 national federations. She is for such tournaments as:
One of the main advantages- a large number of friendly matches that help determine the current form of the team.
And the coach at such meetings can try out various developments, see shortcomings and choose optimal team composition for upcoming official competitions.
Useful video
Check out the video, which explains the rules of field hockey: from the requirements for the field to the types of fines.
Comparison with "big brother"
More and more are appearing in the world various types sports and everyone finds their audience. Bandy has enough fans. After all, this kind of sport is close relative ice hockey and his fame increases every year. This discipline is very popular in European countries. He not so hard and fast like ice hockey, but also very spectacular and interesting.
The essence of field hockey is that the players of two teams of 11 people in each team more once they hit the ball into the opponent’s goal with a stick and didn’t let it into their own.
Women's field hockey was introduced for the first time at the Moscow Olympics in 1980. Zimbabwe's hockey players became the first champions. USSR hockey players then took third place!
The men's team also took third place at the Olympic Games in Moscow. Indian hockey players became champions.
OLYMPIC GAMES
Field hockey competitions have been held at the Olympic Games since 1908.
RUSSIA
After bronze medals at the Olympic Games in Moscow, the USSR men's team participated in the Olympic Games in 1988 and the CIS team in 1992. In 1981, the USSR national team won the Intercontinental Cup.
In 2008, the Russian national team became the European Champion in indoor field hockey (indoor hockey).
The USSR women's national team in 1981 took 3rd place at the World Championship in Argentina, in 1984 - 2nd place at the European Championship, in 1985 - first place in the Intercontinental Cup, in 1987 and 1991 - took 3rd place at the European Championship.
In 2000, the Russian women's team became silver medalist European Indoor Field Hockey Championships.
Photo - Sergey Kivrin and Andrey Golovanov
144 countries of the world, including 43 European countries, 10.0 million people play field hockey.
Playing field has dimensions: length 91.40 m and width 55 m. On fields with artificial grass, the pile height is 1.2-1.5 cm. The field is flooded with water before the game.
Gates: height – 2.14 m, width – 3.66 m.
Impact Circles: The ball is considered to be scored into the goal if a player of the attacking team sent it with a kick, push or throw only from the area of the kick circle. The kick circles are struck at a distance of 14.63 m from the end line in front of the hockey goal.
Sticks: they have a curved hook: on the left side the hook has a flat surface, on the right side it has a convex surface. You can only play with the flat side of the stick. Previously, they played with clubs made from special types of trees. Currently, athletes play with clubs made of composite material, based on plastic.
Ball: The ball is round, white or another color, weighs 156-163 g.
Previously, balls were made of rubber with cork and covered with leather. Currently, balls are made of plastic with a cork inside.
Team composition: Maximum 18 people. 11 players take part in the game. The match consists of two periods of 35 minutes. Team that scored more balls, is considered the winner of the match. If no goals are scored, or both teams score the same number of goals, the score in the match is considered a draw.
Penalty corner kick: For violations of the rules by defenders in the kick circle, a penalty corner kick is awarded.
Free throw: For gross violations of the rules by defenders in the shooting circle, a free throw is awarded. It is performed from a mark of 6m 40cm from the goal line.
Competition winners
Men
Women
Medal standings
Countries
Men
Women
Notes
- There was no third place match, Great Britain received both bronze medals
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Final tournament took place in a round-robin manner
See also
- List of Olympic medalists in field hockey
Links
Categories:- Field hockey at the Olympics
- Sports at the Summer Olympics
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
- Ice hockey at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics
- Bandy on winter Asian Games 2011
See what “Field hockey at the Olympic Games” is in other dictionaries:
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Field hockey at the Olympics
Field hockey competitions at the Summer Olympics first appeared at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except the 1912 Games and the 1924 Games. Initially, the competition was men's, the women's tournament appeared at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Field hockey - summer olympic event sport, one of the most popular types hockey The competition is organized by the International Field Hockey Federation (Federation Intenationale de Hockey, FIH).
Field hockey is very popular in Great Britain and former British possessions - India, Pakistan, Australia. In the US and Canada, the sport is popular among girls in colleges and universities. It is known that games similar to field hockey were played in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, among the Aztecs and ancient Japanese even before new era. Modern rules of the game were developed in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. Since then, there have been only minor rule changes.
The first World Championship was held in 1971. Field hockey is an Olympic sport. Among men's teams at the Olympics, competitions have been held since 1908 (with a break in 1912 and 1924), among women's teams - only since 1980.
The World Field Hockey Championships have been held regularly since the 1970s.
In the USSR, field hockey began to develop in the mid-1960s. In 1967, the Field Hockey Federation was created, and in 1970 it joined the International Federation. Field hockey in our country was less popular than its winter options- ice hockey and bandy. The only time Soviet players achieved success at the Olympic Games was in 1980 in Moscow, when the women's and men's teams won each bronze medal. Since the collapse of the USSR, field hockey in Russia has been in crisis. The greatest successes were achieved by the teams of Spain, the Netherlands, Australia, India and Pakistan. As in all forms of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal using a stick. It is prohibited for any players other than the goalkeeper to touch the ball with their hands or feet. The players wear regular sports shoes. All over the world they play on artificial turf.
The team that scores more goals during the game than the opponent wins. If the score is equal, a draw is declared (in some tournaments, extra time may be used, and at the end of it, a penalty). But there is such a league in Europe EHL (European Hockey League) in this league they participate best teams from all over Europe, and here the rules have changed significantly. 1) usually in field hockey the cards are distributed as follows: A) for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card, and in the EHL, a green card is the removal from the field of the player who violated the rules for 2 minutes. B) in regular field hockey championships yellow card- this is the removal of a player from the field for 2-5 minutes at the discretion of the referees, and depending on the size of the violations, and in the EHL 5-10 minutes. C) a red card both in regular championships and in the EHL is a removal for the rest of the game, and it is possible to miss subsequent matches - depending on the violations.
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Field hockey is... What is Field Hockey?
Bend of a stick for playing field hockey.Field hockey is a summer Olympic sport. The competition is organized by the International Field Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH). The International Ice Hockey Federation includes more than 116 countries.
There is a type of indoor field hockey - indoor hockey, which is considered a separate sport and is distinguished not only by its surface, but also by the smaller size of the site and the number of players on each team.
Field hockey is very popular in Holland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, England, Ireland, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and Malaysia.
Story
Field hockey is one of the most ancient sports games.
The oldest monument dates back to approximately 2000 BC. The pyramid, located near the town of Beni Hasan in the Nile Valley, depicts two players with sticks fighting for the ball. Historical documents indicate that both the ancient Japanese (“kachi” and “dakiu”) and the Aztec Indians (“cheuka”) played games similar to hockey. The next historical monument discovered in the game dates back only to 1200 AD. On the thick glass of the stained glass window in the North Chorale of Canterbury cathedral in England there is a picture of a boy holding a club in his left hand and a ball at his right shoulder. In the Copenhagen museum, on the altar there is a figurine depicting two hockey players playing a ball. It dates back to 1333. The modern name of the game hockey may have come from the old French word “hoke” (hoquet) - a shepherd’s crook with a hook: many historians agree that the founders of field hockey are shepherds who whiled away free time playing this game in the summer pastures.
Field hockey today
Field hockey found its current face in the mid-19th century in England. The basis for development was schools and universities. The formation of the world's first hockey club dates back to 1861. It became the Blackheath club in London. The players gathered at the Princess of Wales Hotel, chose red or blue hats from a bag (the club has retained these colors to this day) and went out to play on a nearby field - red against blue. The game was then played with both sides of the stick. The ball was quite light and made of rubber. The hockey field measured 200 by 60 yards. Soon others appeared hockey clubs: Teddington, Surbiton, Richmond, East Surrey. The first rules of the game were developed in 1852. In 1860 the rules of the game at Eton College were approved. Every school and every club at that time had its own version of the rules of the game. The first club to try to standardize the rules was East Surrey. The rules of 1875 stated that “the stick shall not be raised above the shoulder”, “a goal cannot be scored if the ball is kicked more than 15 yards from the goal post”, “the ball must be white”. It was not until the founding of the first official national Field Hockey Association (January 18, 1886) that the rules were unified and compiled into a set of rules. In 1887, the length of the stick was limited, and the goalkeeper was given the right to play with his feet in the kick circle. In 1889, a goal net was introduced as a mandatory attribute. In 1907, many rules were defined that are still in effect today. By the end of the 1970s. Field hockey has become the most popular sport among students at Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The first official field hockey match took place between students of these educational institutions. It was played in 1890. By the end of the 19th century. field hockey spread to many European countries, penetrated to India, then to Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Japan. At the end of the 40s. 20th century this game began to develop in African countries. In 1895, the first international field hockey meeting took place: a match was held in Rhyl between the teams of Ireland and Wales. Issues of organization and conduct international competitions, the International Field Hockey Council, created in 1900, was initially involved in clarifying the rules of the game. On January 7, 1924, the International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) was founded in Paris. The initiator of its creation was the Frenchman Paul Lyautey, who became its first president. Initially, the FIH united the national hockey associations of 7 European countries: Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Spain, France, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. In the same year, the first FIH charter was adopted. The International Field Hockey Federation unites 119 national federations and associations from Asia, America, Africa, Europe and Oceania. Nowadays, in many countries of the world, field hockey ranks second in popularity after football among team sports, competitions in which are held outdoors.
The rise of women's field hockey
Modern women's field hockey began its history in the 70s of the 19th century. In 1876, the world's first women's hockey club appeared in England, formed by students of Oxford University. The first national women's field hockey association was formed in 1894 in Ireland. Then similar associations arose in England and Wales. By the beginning of the 20th century, women's hockey teams appeared in European countries, Canada, USA, New Zealand and Australia. But until the 1920s. Competitions for women's teams were held as part of national tournaments and meetings. International matches with the participation of female hockey players began only in 1926. In 1927, at the founding congress in London, the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) was created. But only 48 years later in Amsterdam, in the interests of the participation of women's hockey in the Olympic Games, the Supreme Council of Field Hockey was created, which included the leaders of the International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) and the IFWHA. This advice was recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and in 1976 the decision was made to include women's field hockey in the Summer Olympics. Since 1978, uniform rules of the game began to apply for men's and women's teams.
Olympic tournaments
Field hockey tournaments among men's teams were first included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games in 1908. Since 1932 they have been organized at all summer games. Women's national teams first participated in the Olympic Games in 1980. The competition formula was changed several times: in 1908 and 1952. hockey tournament was carried out using a knockout system in 1920 and 1932. - in a round robin system. At all other Olympic Games - according to a mixed system: preliminary games in two subgroups are held according to a round-robin system, final part(draw for medals and subsequent places) - according to the Olympic system. During the time during which field hockey is included in the program of the Olympic Games, the largest total number of medals was won by the teams of India - 11 (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze), the Netherlands - 13 (3, 4, 6), Germany (including results of Germany) – 11 (3, 5, 3), Australia – 10 (4, 3, 3), Pakistan – 8 (3, 3, 2), Great Britain – 7 (3, 1, 3) and Spain – 4 ( 1, 2, 1). Seven hockey players are three-time Olympic champions, and all of them are representatives of the Indian national team different years: Richard Allen and Dhayan Chand (1928, 1932 and 1936), Leslie Claudius, Ranaganandhan Francis, Balbir Singh, Randhir Singh Gentle (1948, 1952, 1956) and Udham Singh (1952, 1956, 1964). In the Olympic hockey tournaments of women's teams, three athletes became twice Olympic champions: Rechell Hawkes, Jacqueline Pereira and Line Toot representing the Australian women's national team (1988 and 1996).
Rules of the game
As in all forms of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal using a stick. It is prohibited for any players other than the goalkeeper to touch the ball with their hands or feet. The players wear regular sports shoes. All over the world they play on artificial turf.
The team that scores more goals during the game than the opponent wins. If the score is equal, a draw is declared (in some tournaments, extra time may be used, and at the end of it, a penalty).
There is a European Hockey League (EHL). This league features the best teams from all over Europe and the rules have changed significantly. Typically in field hockey, cards (fines) are distributed as follows:
- for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card, and in the EHL, a green card is the removal from the field of the player who violated the rules for 2 minutes.
- in regular field hockey championships, a yellow card means removing a player from the field for 2-5 minutes at the discretion of the judges, and depending on the size of the violations, and in the EHL 5-10 minutes.
- A red card, both in regular championships and in the EHL, is a removal for the rest of the game, and it is possible to miss subsequent matches - depending on the violations.
The game involves two opposing teams of 11 people. The game lasts for 70 minutes - two halves of 35 minutes each with a break of 10 minutes.
In regular field hockey championships, the match time, as already mentioned, is 2 halves of 35 minutes, and in the EHL there are 4 halves of 17 minutes 30 seconds with breaks between halves of 5 minutes.
A goal will be counted if the kick was taken from inside the kick circle.
If the ball goes out of bounds from the attacking team, then a goal kick is awarded. If the ball goes away from the defending team, then a corner kick is awarded.
If a player of the defending team violates the rules in the kick circle, then the attacking team plays a penalty corner
The goalkeeper can only hit the ball with any part of the body or the playing side of the stick. A penalty is awarded only if the ball is pinned to the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper deliberately knocked the ball with his hand.
The “dead zones” for the goalkeeper during a penalty kick are the lower left corner at a distance of 40 to 60 cm from the ground (depending on the goalkeeper’s height) and the upper right “nine” (provided that the goalkeeper is right-handed)
Notes
Literature
Links
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Field hockey - rules and features of the game
When choosing a healthy lifestyle, it is important to give preference to some kind of sport. Today field hockey is one of the favorites for many active people. Adults and children can master the basics of the game. To do this, it is important to know the rules of the game and have the necessary equipment.
Field hockey - rules of the game
Even a child can learn to play field hockey; to do this, you need to know the rules of the game:
- Team composition. The team consists of a goalkeeper, two defenders, three midfielders, and five forwards. The two substitute players may only be used once throughout the game.
- Game time. Beginner hockey players often wonder how long field hockey lasts. For adults, each such match consists of two periods of thirty-five minutes each. For young men - two periods of half an hour and for children - two periods of twenty-five minutes each with a ten-minute break.
- Goal. According to the rules of the game, a goal is counted when the ball completely crosses the goal line, or when one of the attackers touches the ball in the strike circle area. At the same time, it is forbidden to push away or step on the opponent’s feet. This may be assessed as body play and ultimately penalized. When the actions of the players create a danger for themselves, the referee gives a signal with a whistle. In addition, according to the rules, it is not allowed to block the road or block an opponent.
- The ball is out of play. When the ball goes over lateral lines, he is introduced into the game by a hockey player from the opposing team. All other players must be no closer than four meters from the ball.
- Corner kick. Awarded when the ball goes over the goal line outside the goal and bounces off a player.
- A penalty corner kick is usually awarded if the players of the defending team have violated the rules directly in the area of the strike circle.
- Any player who is in the opponent’s half of the field may be “offside” when, when the ball is passed by teammates, there are no 3 players of the opposing team between them and the goal line.
- Deletions. When players exhibit gross unsportsmanlike behavior, they may be suspended for five minutes or for the entire duration of the game.
Field hockey - equipment
The game of field hockey, beloved by children and adults, requires special equipment. Here you can’t do without clubs, a ball and special clothing. Field players of the same team must wear the same clothes. In this case, the goalkeeper's jersey should be different. All players can equip:
- special protective gloves;
- shin guards;
- plates for protecting teeth;
- special shoes;
- smooth protective mask.
The goalkeeper must have:
- safety helmet;
- mask;
- shields;
- shoe covers;
- bib;
- elbow pads;
- goalie shorts.
Field hockey - sticks
It is generally accepted that a field hockey stick should weigh from 340 to 794 g. As for the length, there are no restrictions. On average it is 85-90 centimeters. The stick's blade is made of walnut, mulberry, acacia, or ash. The veins of the tree in the bending areas must be parallel external parties. Otherwise, the stick could easily break. For the same reason, it is not recommended to wrap it.
Field hockey ball
It is impossible to play field hockey without a ball. Its diameter should be no more than 7.4 centimeters. Weight - within 156-163 g. According to the rules, the ball must be completely painted white or painted over with white stripes. The core of the ball is made of cork and felt. When exposed to dampness, such a ball can change weight and quickly lose its previous shape.
Field hockey shin guards
The world-famous sport of field hockey involves the use of special pads by players. They represent an element hockey equipment which protects knee joint, calf and shin of a hockey player. They consist of a cup and a shin-fitting shield. Additional elements of hockey pads include a shock-absorbing lining and special adjustment straps. Often there is also a lateral wrap-around shin protector that can protect calf muscle. Hockey pads come in wide and narrow varieties. The first ones have a larger, and the narrow ones have a smaller internal radius.
Field hockey shoes
When playing field hockey, it is important to choose quality shoes. Experienced athletes choose field hockey shoes. They must be comfortable and not restrict movement during the game. At the same time, there is no need to buy shoes “with a reserve”. Otherwise, the sneakers will cause a lot of inconvenience, and it is unlikely that you will be able to enjoy such a game. You can purchase such special shoes in a specialized store.
Field hockey - interesting facts
It is known that field hockey competitions have a lot of interesting facts:
- The playing field should be standard - 81-91 m by 50-55 m.
- Before the start of the game, the field must be filled with water.
- Field hockey is an Olympic sport. It was included in the Olympic Games program back in 1908.
- Initially, the competition was held exclusively among men's teams.
- The championship among women was first held in 1980 in Moscow.
- Many historians consider shepherds to be the founder of this sport. They had fun in their free time by passing stones to each other using sticks.
Books about field hockey
You can learn a lot of interesting things about field hockey by reading special literature:
- “Field Hockey” by E. Fedotov. Thanks to this book, everyone can master the game beloved by many. It is dedicated to hockey technique and tactics. Written in an accessible form, the book will be an excellent guide to the world of sports for children and adults.
- "Field hockey. Competition rules" N. Dotsenko. The book talks about important rules refereeing and game organization.
- "A Dangerous Book for Boys" by Conn Iggulden. The publication says that field hockey is exciting game for boys, requiring special skills and knowledge.
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| № | Athlete | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1 | Azizov Minneula | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Buzunova Natalya | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Ham Alina | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Frolova Lyudmila | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Filippova Nadezhda | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Ovechkina Nadezhda | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Krasnikova Natella | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Inzhuvatova Galina | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Zazdravnykh Valentina | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Embakhtova Tatyana | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Guryeva Elena | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Gorbatkova Nelly | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Glubokova Lidiya | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Vyuzhanina Galina | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Bykova Natalya | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Akhmerova Leila | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Hayrapetyan Sos | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sychev Alexander | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Pleshakov Sergey | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Pleshakov Vladimir | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Pavlovsky Leonid | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Nichepurenko Mikhail | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Myasnikov Alexander | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Lampeev Vyacheslav | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Klevtsov Sergey | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Zigangirov Farid | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Zagorodnev Oleg | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Deputies Victor | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Gusev Alexander | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Goncharov Alexander | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Belyakov Valery | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Nazirova Tatyana | 0 | 0 | 1 |
www.olympic-champions.ru
Field hockey | altedu.ru
Field hockey is a team sport sports game a ball game with sticks, where two teams play, each with eleven people.
This sport, in which two opposing teams try to throw a ball into a special fence with the help of sticks, is one of the very first sports competitions humanity. In Ancient times they existed under different names and in different forms. This game with a ball and a stick existed already in 550 BC.
And modern field hockey began to develop in England early XIX century. The first national association and the first set of gaming rules were formed in 1886 in England.
Playing ball with sticks on the grass is one of the first ball games. This sport is played by men and women too. The game involves 2 teams who, subject to certain rules, try to score the ball into the opponent’s goal and, among other things, defend their own goal. The winner is the team that scores the most goals during the game.
This sport can only be played on level ground. An area with artificial turf is considered the most convenient.
Hockey players play in a T-shirt or tank top and shorts, and women in a T-shirt and short skirt. Goalkeepers wear knee-length shin guards, gloves with cuffs, chain mail and face masks.
Field hockey was included in the Olympic Games in 1908, when only men's teams played. And since 1980, women's teams began to participate. The game of field hockey is the only Olympic sport in which Asian athletes have been unmatched for many years. Hockey players from India and Pakistan won gold medals in nine Summer Olympics.
In Moscow, field hockey was held at the Olympics in 1980. It was then that women's teams took part in competitions for the first time. At the Olympics, the USSR national team won 80 bronze medals. Towards major international tournaments, World and European Championships, the International Field Hockey Federation began in 1970.
In field hockey, the leading countries are currently countries such as Holland, Argentina, Germany, Australia, China and England, Spain. This can be seen in Beijing at the Olympic Games. Also in Russia, modern artificial grass, equipment and equipment began to appear, and the number of victories of Russian national teams and Russian clubs in international arenas also increased. Under the leadership of Igor Shishkov, the Russian men's youth team won the European Field Hockey and Indoor Hockey Championships in 2004. Russian clubs strive to join the world elite: the Moscow Region Hockey Club is part of 8 the strongest clubs Europe, which is held under the leadership of the European Field Hockey Federation.
Like others team games, field hockey can be recommended as a sport for young people. This sport will also be present at the 2013 Universiade. The competition will take place from July 7 to 12 at the Field Hockey Center. 16 teams will participate, and two sets of medals will be awarded. I hope our athletes will not let us down.
623, Zaripova I.R.
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Sports in your yard. What is field hockey
Field hockey is a summer Olympic sport. The competition is organized by the International Field Hockey Federation (Federation Intenationale de Hockey, FIH).
Field hockey is very popular in Great Britain and former British colonies - Australia, India, Pakistan. In the United States and Canada, field hockey is often played by girls in colleges and universities.
Brief History field hockey
Games similar to field hockey were played in ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, as well as by the Aztecs and ancient Japanese even before our era. The rules of the game of field hockey were developed in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. Since then they have changed little.
The first world field hockey championship took place in 1971 and since then championships have been held regularly. Since 1908, field hockey has been an Olympic sport. Among men's teams at the Olympics, competitions have been held since 1908 (with a break in 1912 and 1924), among women's teams - only since 1980. In the USSR, field hockey began to be played in the mid-1960s. In 1967, the Field Hockey Federation was created, and in 1970 it joined the International Federation. The popularity of field hockey in the USSR was much less than ice hockey and bandy.
Brief rules games
Two teams of 11 people play. The game lasts two halves of 35 minutes with a break of 10 minutes. As in all forms of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal using a stick. It is prohibited for any players other than the goalkeeper to touch the ball with their hands or feet. They play on artificial turf. The team that scores more goals during the game than the opposing team wins. If the score is equal, a draw is declared, or extra time and penalties are awarded.
The Summer Olympics also have hockey competitions, but only on the field. To be honest, I have never seen them, even while watching the Athens Olympics. It may not have been shown.
Field hockey - hockey - from English hockey, possibly from the Old French hoquet - a shepherd's crook with a hook. Modern field hockey as a sport originated in the 19th century in England. Hockey clubs began to be created there in the early 60s of the 19th century. The first of them, Blackheath, was organized in 1861 in London.
In 1875, the London Field Hockey Association formulated the first set of rules for the game. When the National Field Hockey Association was created in England in 1886, its uniform rules were adopted.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. field hockey, which developed in England, Ireland, Wales, becomes known and gains popularity in continental Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and some other countries where national federations, associations or clubs are organized that cultivate this sport, as well as in India, Canada, USA.
The International Field Hockey Federation FIH was founded in 1924.
Field hockey has been included in the Olympic Games program since 1908 - men's teams, and since 1980 - women's teams. Field hockey was absent from the programs of two Olympics - 1912 and 1924.
Field hockey is the only sport in which India has Olympic gold medals.
In 2004, the Australian team won gold among the men's teams, and Germany among the women's teams.
Rules.
Hockey is played by two teams of 11 players. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal. The team that scores more goals in two 35-minute halves wins.
Players, excluding the goalkeeper, may only hit the ball with their sticks and may be penalized for playing with their feet or other parts of the body. Wooden hook-shaped putters should be flat on one side and rounded on the other. Players can only hit the ball with the flat side. The goalkeeper can use any part of his body to protect the goal from the ball while he/she is in the goal area.
Dangerous game.
Since a hockey ball weighs 156-163 g and 224-235 mm in diameter, and the sticks themselves can be dangerous, players do not have the right to lift the sticks above their heads and use them, creating conditions for dangerous play. The main thing is that athletes should not send the ball into the air, except in scoring situations. The level of danger for each ball raised above the ground is determined by the official referees.
Unlike many other sports, in field hockey, players cannot use their body or stick to protect or prevent other players from hitting the ball. By doing so or physically interfering with other players, the athlete is breaking the rules.
Other rules.
- if the goalkeeper lies down on the ball, it is considered a foul;
- in case of a deliberate attack, bad behavior or dangerous play, the athlete may be warned with a green card, penalized by being sent off the field for five minutes with a yellow card, or sent off with a red card;
- a player warned with a yellow card may later return to the game;
- the game is controlled by two referees, one on each half of the field.
Field.
The dimensions of the hockey field are 91.4 m long and 55 m wide. Central line divides it into two parts. At each end of the field there is an arc extending 14.6 m from the goal and marking an area called the "goal zone". The gate is 3.66m wide and 2.14m high.
Qualification.
The reigning Olympic champion and the host country's team are automatically included in the competition. The remaining participants qualify based on the results of qualifying regional competitions. One team each from Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. The remaining teams qualify based on the results of the Olympic qualifying competitions.
Field hockey competitions at the Summer Olympics first appeared at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except the 1912 Games and the 1924 Games. Initially, the competition was men's, the women's tournament appeared at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Field hockey is a summer Olympic sport, one of the most popular types of hockey. The competition is organized by the International Field Hockey Federation (Federation Intenationale de Hockey, FIH).
There is a type of indoor field hockey - indoor hockey, which is considered a separate sport and is distinguished not only by its surface, but also by the smaller size of the site and the number of players on each team.
Field hockey is very popular in Great Britain and former British possessions - India, Pakistan, Australia. In the US and Canada, the sport is popular among girls in colleges and universities. It is known that games similar to field hockey were played in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, the Aztecs and the ancient Japanese even before the new era. Modern rules of the game were developed in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. Since then, there have been only minor rule changes.
The first World Championship was held in 1971. Field hockey is an Olympic sport. Among men's teams at the Olympics, competitions have been held since 1908 (with a break in 1912 and 1924), among women's teams - only since 1980.
The World Field Hockey Championships have been held regularly since the 1970s.
In the USSR, field hockey began to develop in the mid-1960s. In 1967, the Field Hockey Federation was created, and in 1970 it joined the International Federation. Field hockey in our country was less popular than its winter versions - ice hockey and bandy. The only time Soviet players achieved success at the Olympic Games was in 1980 in Moscow, when the women's and men's teams each won a bronze medal. Since the collapse of the USSR, field hockey in Russia has been in crisis. The greatest successes were achieved by the teams of Spain, the Netherlands, Australia, India and Pakistan. As in all forms of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal using a stick. It is prohibited for any players other than the goalkeeper to touch the ball with their hands or feet. The players wear regular sports shoes. All over the world they play on artificial turf.
The team that scores more goals during the game than the opponent wins. If the score is equal, a draw is declared (in some tournaments, extra time may be used, and at the end of it, a penalty). But there is such a league in Europe EHL (European Hockey League) in this league the best teams from all over Europe participate, and here the rules have changed significantly. 1) usually in field hockey the cards are distributed as follows: A) for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card, and in the EHL, a green card is the removal from the field of the player who violated the rules for 2 minutes. B) in regular field hockey championships, a yellow card is the removal of a player from the field for 2-5 minutes at the discretion of the judges, and depending on the size of the violations, and in the EHL 5-10 minutes. C) a red card both in regular championships and in the EHL is a removal for the rest of the game, and it is possible to miss subsequent matches - depending on the violations.
The game involves two opposing teams of 11 people. The game lasts for 70 minutes - two halves of 35 minutes each with a break of 10 minutes.
In regular field hockey championships, the match time, as already mentioned, is 2 halves of 35 minutes, and in the EHL there are 4 halves of 17 minutes 30 seconds with breaks between halves of 5 minutes.
