Methods of teaching relay race. Relay race: technique, types and standards

08.10.202127.05.2017

Relay race: technique, tactics, training

Relay race 4 ? 100 and 4? 200 m is carried out on separate lanes, and 4? 400 m - along a common path. The first stage or part of it, in accordance with the regulations and rules, can be run along separate tracks.

Short distance relay technique

At the first stage, the run begins with a low start. The runner holds the baton in his right hand, squeezing its end with three or two fingers, and leans on the ground at the starting line with the thumb and forefinger (Fig. 2.12).

Rice. 2.12. Holding baton at low start

Running from the start and over the distance does not differ from the usual 100 and 200 m sprints. The difficulty lies in passing the baton at high speed in a limited area. A 20-meter zone has been established for the transfer of the baton. It starts 10m before the end of one leg and continues 10m ahead of the start of another. The receiver of the relay has the right to start the run-up 10 m before the start of the transfer zone. This allows you to achieve greater speed.

There are two ways to pass the baton.

Passing the baton in running 4 ? 100 m is held as follows. The starter at the first stage holds a stick in his right hand and runs as close to the curb as possible. The second runner waiting for him stands closer to the outer edge of his track and takes over the baton with his left hand. He runs a straight line (second 100 m) along right side lane and passes the baton with the left hand to the right hand of the third participant running on the left side of the lane. The fourth runs along the right side of the track and takes the baton with his left hand.

Another way of passing (with the runner shifting the accepted stick from one hand to the other) in the 4? 100m is less effective.

Athletes running in the second, third and fourth stages use the run-up (10m) and passing (20m) zones to receive the relay for top speed and run your stage on the move. To do this, the runner taking the relay takes a position close to the position of a low start. Standing with his right foot at the line indicating the start of the run, he puts left leg forward, leans with his right hand on the track, and takes his left up and back. In this position, the athlete looks back under the left shoulder at the approaching runner (Fig. 2.13). He runs up to the transfer zone with maximum speed. When he is 9–11 m away from the run-up zone, the runner of the second stage quickly starts running along the right edge of his lane, trying to develop as much speed as possible so that the runner catching up with him can pass the baton 2–3 m before the end of the zone.

Rice. 2.13. The position of the runners taking over the relay at the start

The distance between the athletes during the transfer (1-1.3 m) is equal to the length of the runner's hand laid back, receiving the baton, and the length of the runner's hand extended forward, passing it. The distance can be increased by tilting the torso of the runner passing the baton (Fig. 2.14).

The speed of runners in the sprint relay stages must be maximum, it cannot be reduced in the transfer zones. An indicator characterizing the effectiveness of the technique can be the time for a runner with a relay baton to pass the 20-meter transfer zone. Highly qualified male sprinters cover this distance in 2 seconds or less, women in 2.2 seconds or less. Therefore, the starting runner must almost completely use the 30-meter distance in order to gain the most speed. It is best if the speed of the athletes at the time of the transfer of the relay is the same.

Rice. 2.14. The distance between the runners at the moment of passing the baton

Until the moment of passing the baton, both runners have their arms moving as in a sprint. But as soon as the runner approaches the receiver of the relay at a distance necessary for the transfer, he gives the signal “hop”. On this signal, the second athlete, without slowing down the pace and without disturbing the rhythm of the run, straightens the left (for runners of the second and fourth stages) hand with the hand down (the retracted thumb forms an angle open downwards with the rest of the fingers). At this moment, the runner passing the baton quickly extends his right arm and precise movement from bottom to front and slightly up puts the wand in the palm of the recipient.

It is even better if the receiver of the relay throws his hand back not at the “hop” signal, but at the moment when he reaches the mark set during the training. Of course, this method requires good coordination in the actions of the runners.

For an accurate transfer of the baton, it is important to determine the moment of the start of the host’s run during the course of the lesson. To do this, a mark is made at some distance in front of the runway line. At the moment when the athlete passing the baton reaches this mark, the receiver quickly starts running along the right edge of his track, trying to develop as much speed as possible.

The distance to the mark should be such that the runner with the baton catches up with the receiver exactly at the place intended for the transfer (4–5 m before the end of the zone). In the process of training and on estimates, the mark is specified.

By the time of the transfer, it is important to run in step. To do this, a well-trained 100m runner achieves such a uniformity of all steps that he almost always runs into the zone in the same place, with the same foot. To make sure that the actions are coordinated, both athletes should run the entire stage and zone 2-3 times. If the steps do not match, then the receiver of the relay needs to adapt to the steps of the other runner.

In relay races, where the ratio of the running speed of the receiving and passing runners is somewhat different (for example, 4 × 200 and 4 × 400 m), appropriate corrections should be made.

In estimates and competitions in running for 200 and 400 meters, you need to determine the speed of running in the last 10 meters and, based on this, make calculations. Naturally, the slower the runner finishes his race, the shorter the distance from the control mark to the beginning of the transition zone should be.

Relay running technique training

It makes sense to teach the technique of relay running after the technique of sprinting has been mastered. The main task is to teach athletes to clearly pass and receive the baton at high running speed.

Familiarization with the technique of relay running

1. Information is given about the types of relay races.

2. The technique of passing the baton in the 20-meter zone at maximum speed is explained and shown.

3. Video recordings of the transfer of the relay by the strongest runners are shown. 4. The importance of calculation and accuracy of movements in passing the baton is explained.

Learning how to pass the baton

1. By explaining and demonstrating, it is necessary to create an idea of how the baton is passed from below.

2. Transfer of the baton with the right and left hand, standing still, without preliminary imitation and with preliminary imitation of hand movements when running.

3. Transfer of the baton at the signal of the teacher when moving in steps.

4. The same according to the signal of the transmitter.

5. Transfer of the baton at the signal of the transmitter when moving slowly and then quickly running. The benchmark is set by the coach.

6. Transfer of the baton during a fast run along a separate track.

The baton passing exercises on the spot are performed in pairs, in two lines and in a circle. The transmitter is located with a ledge in the opposite direction from the hand holding the baton.

They also practice passing the baton when moving in steps and slow running.

Teaching the start of the runner taking over the baton

1. Start on a straight line from a position with support on one hand.

2. Start on a separate track at a turn (when entering a straight line) with support on one hand.

3. Start on a separate track on a straight line (when entering a turn).

4. Determining the distance from the start of the run to the control mark. 5. Start on a separate track at the moment the transmitting mark reaches the control mark.

When learning to start on the lane in the zone, you need to ensure that the receiver runs at the outer line of the track in the second and fourth stages and at the inner line in the third.

It is necessary to proceed to the study of the start, coordinated with the passer's run, only after a stable start and run along the back side of the track has been developed.

Learning to pass the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone

1. Transfer of the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone (individual control marks are set for the team by stages).

2. Team relay race for a full distance with the participation of two or more teams.

Handover technique is learned and improved by running at 1/2-3/4 intensity and at maximum speed at the end of the warm-up or shortly after.

Basically, the relay technique is improved by pairs (ligaments), which train in their place, that is, at the beginning or at the end of the turn. First, pairs of runners of the first-second and third-fourth stages are engaged. After that, the second runner perfects the pass with the third. And finally, all four together. Of course, this sequence in connection with the tasks may change. It is very important that the runner who passed the baton leaves his lane only when he slows down, and the participants of other teams who have accepted the baton run ahead.

relay race tactics

When composing a team, the relay race participants are arranged in stages, taking into account the following circumstances. Due to the fact that the runner starting in the zone always runs slower at the time of the transfer than the athlete catching up with him, it is advisable to put the weakest runner on the first stage, the second runner on the next, etc. This will allow passing the baton with a better speed ratio both runners. At the same time, it is also taken into account that some sprinters can and love to run from the start, while others have worst results in this type of running, but successfully participate in the relay race. We must not forget those who run well around the turn and the finish line. After all the candidates for the team have been studied in detail, it remains to distribute them by stages and start training.

Short distance relay training- First of all, sprint training and improving the technique of passing the baton. The main conditions for this are the constancy of the composition of the relay team and long-term practice. Team training is included as an organic part of the sprint training. It should not greatly increase the load of athletes. For example, during training session athletes have to run 100 m several times. Instead, it is better to run a 4 ? 100 m. Running with accelerations, on the move and estimates can end with the transfer of the baton. Accelerations can be started along with the reception of the relay.

Perfection relay technique when running at maximum intensity, as well as estimates should be carried out as part of sprint workout in the middle or even at the end of classes, before their final part. It is especially important to run the entire distance of the relay more often: only in this case the familiarity of movements and the accurate calculation of control marks are achieved.

Before the competition, at the end of the warm-up, you need to pass the baton in bundles. It is very important at the same time to establish, if required, corrections to the distance to the control marks. This is necessary mainly with the wind - oncoming, tailwind.

In the process of training and competition, the permanent composition of the relay team can achieve very high accuracy in the execution of all movements. On the contrary, a poor passing of the baton reduces the chances of winning, and the loss of the baton or violation of the passing corridor leads to the disqualification of the team.

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The program of the Summer Olympic Games includes the only team athletics event - the relay race. Its essence lies in the transfer during the movement of the baton from one athlete to another. The team that manages to cross the finish line first without violating the rules wins.

Relay competitions are often organized at city stadiums, school sports grounds. Team races can be timed to coincide with holidays or social and political events. Sometimes teams of various educational institutions or enterprises compete with each other.

The traditional projectile for relay races is considered to be a relay baton. It is made of aluminum and covered with paint in a bright color, such as yellow or red. But in Japan there are competitions on marathon distance with the transfer to teammates of the tape, which the runner puts on over his shoulder. This competition is called ekiden. During the movement, the person passing the baton must remove the ribbon from himself and have time to give it to the next athlete.

Race program

The main relay distances for sports are the 4x100 and 4x400 races. It is deciphered in this way. For the 4x100 discipline, a team of 4 people must overcome 400 m by passing the stick. In the second case, respectively, the total distance for the same team will be 1600 m.

There is also a type of relay called Swedish or mixed, in which each next stage shorter than the previous one or, conversely, longer. Thus, competitions are held 800-600-400-200; 400-300-200-100; 400-800-1200-1600.

Ways to transfer sticks

There are several techniques for passing the baton:

For example, the Russian team uses the first method, while the US team prefers the second. In this case, the transfer from top to bottom is considered more risky, because the stick may fall out of the hands.

Also, the transfer technique can be carried out with the shifting of the stick from the left hand to the right and without shifting.

During competitions, attentiveness, coordination of actions and the ability to run in step with a friend are important. Without this, a clear and quick transfer of the projectile is impossible. Therefore, the coach must pay attention not only to the development of passing skills, but also to maintain the collective spirit.

Rules and nuances

The transfer of the baton should not be carried out in any place, but only in certain corridors.
The finish is considered the moment when the body of the runner crosses the line.
During the movement, it is impossible to interfere with the members of the other team to make maneuvers. Any intentional action directed against opponents is subject to a fine.
The start of the participants is made simultaneously on the command "March".
The rules for different distances are different. In the hundred-meter relay race, the participants move each in their own circle. For acceleration, the participants of the second, third and fourth stages are provided with an additional corridor of 10 m. For races of 400 m, this opportunity is not given. Athletes start simultaneously in a corridor 20 m long.
The runner must, by voice command, inform the next competitor that they are ready to pass the baton approximately 2 running steps in advance.
The athlete who passed the baton leaves the stadium only after the participants of all teams run past him.
To pass the baton, the sender and receiver of the baton run for a while in step. In this case, the second participant must choose such a pace so as not to run too fast, otherwise he will overtake a friend before the projectile is passed, and not too slowly so that the stick does not fall out.
If an athlete drops the baton to the floor, he and only he can pick it up and continue moving.
You can not go to other people's tracks - this threatens the team with disqualification.

A relay race may not be counted if the following rules are violated:

Relay competitions are interesting to watch, and no less exciting to participate in them. By the way, relay races exist not only in running, but also in such sports as biathlon, swimming, speed skating.

relay race technique

The relay race is very popular with spectators. In athletics, the following types of relay races are distinguished:

relay race held at the stadium. These include: 4x100 m, 4x400 m are classic views;

relay races for any distance and with any number of stages, as well as "Swedish" relay races, for example: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order);

relay races held outside the stadium, for example on city streets. They differ different length and the number of stages, participants (only men can run, or mixed, where both men and women run).

rational technique, special technique training, the system for selecting athletes and psychological preparation- all these are the main criteria for creating a good relay team. The distance running technique in relay races does not differ from the running technique of the corresponding types. A feature of the relay race technique is the technique of passing the baton at high speed in accordance with the type of relay race.

The most important factors relay team performance are:

indicators of individual results of athletes at the appropriate distances;

reliability of the baton transmission;

coordination of actions of team partners;

the integrity of a single team.

In accordance with the competition rules in the relay race, the baton must be passed in a corridor 20 m long. high speed to the place of transfer of the baton.

Taking into account the run-up and baton transfer zones, athletes run 110 m at stage I, 130 m at stage II, 130 m at stage III, and 120 m at stage IV. Therefore, when arranging team members in stages, it is necessary to take into account their individual characteristics.

In the 4 x 400m relay and all other relay races, no additional run-up is given and the competitors must start from within the 20m corridor. The running speed in these relay races is lower and therefore no extra run-up is given.

Relay race can be carried out: 1) without changing the baton; 2) with the relay baton. Usually, the first method is used in short relay races, where the transmission takes place at high speeds, the second method is used in all other relay races.
To ensure effective passing, it is important for runners to have a sense of space in order to accurately and timely start the starting run when receiving the baton (at the moment the transferring person crosses the control mark), as well as a sense of speed, so that when passing the baton to maintain the maximum available speed in the transfer zone, and when receiving stably and as quickly as possible to increase the running speed to the 15-meter mark of the transfer zone.

The criterion for the effectiveness of the baton passing technique is the time it has been in the corridor. For high-class sprinters, this figure averages 1.80-1.90 s for men and 2.05-2.15 s for women. Athletes reach the highest running speed at the 15-16th meter of the transfer zone. With an irrational technique for passing the baton, the loss of time at the stage averages 0.1-0.3 s.

Considerrelay race technique 4 x 100 m . At stage I, the runner starts from a low start into a turn, as when starting at 200 m. The baton is held with three fingers right hand, and index and thumb straightened and rest on the track at the starting line. In order for the runner of stage I to run at the edge of the track, he must always hold the stick in his right hand, and pass to left hand to your partner. Distance running is carried out at maximum speed. The difficulty lies in passing the baton in a limited area at high speed.

Existtwo ways to pass the baton : bottom-up and top-down. In the first method, the runner receiving the baton moves his hand (opposite to the hand of the passing runner) back slightly to the side, the thumb is moved towards the plane of the palm, four fingers are closed, the palm looks straight back. The passing runner inserts the baton in an upward motion between the thumb and palm. Feeling the touch of the baton, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the hand.

In the second method, the hand is also retracted slightly to the side, but the plane of the palm looks up. The passing runner inserts the baton in an up-and-down motion, lowering it into the palm of his hand. When the stick comes into contact with the palm, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the brush.

When the passing runner reaches the benchmark, the receiving runner begins the starting run. Running into the transfer zone, both runners approach, the first catches up with the second, the passing runner must give a brief voice command in 2 running steps so that the receiving runner straightens and moves his arm back to pass the baton. After the transfer is completed, the runner who has accepted the baton performs a quick run along his stage, and the runner who has passed the baton, gradually slowing down the run, stops, but does not go beyond the side boundaries of his track. Only after running through the transfer zone by other teams does he leave the track.

The Stage II runner carries the baton in his left hand and will pass to the Stage III runner in his right hand. At stage III, the runner runs along the turn as close to the curb as possible and passes the baton at stage IV from the right hand to the left hand. The transfer of the baton is carried out by the methods described above.

In the transfer zone, runners must run without interfering with each other, i.e. along the edges of the treadmill, depending on the passing hand. With a rational passing technique, the runner who receives the baton must run and receive the baton without looking back, while maintaining high speed. Usually, the runner who takes over the relay starts either from a high start or from a low start with support on one arm. At a high start, the runner turns his head slightly back to see the reference mark and the runner running up to it. When starting with support on one arm, the runner looks back over the shoulder of the non-supporting arm, or, with his head down, looks back under the non-supporting arm.

Very important element technique at the time of passing - running in the same rhythm, i.e. you have to run in step. It is also important to find the optimal “handicap” for starting a run, i.e., start running at such a length of the “handicap” when the speeds of the transmitting and receiving coincide in the middle of the transfer zone.

In other types of relay races, but with a relay baton transmission speed less than the maximum, the same transmission methods are used, but the runner who has accepted the baton can shift it to a hand that is convenient for him when running at a distance. The lower the speed of the transmission, the worse the preparation of the athlete. The main task when passing the baton is to pass it as quickly as possible without wasting time on the transfer itself.

The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the hand of the runner taking the baton laid back, and the length of the runner's hand straightened forward, passing the baton. This distance may be slightly increased by leaning forward when passing the passing runner. Such a distance can only be maintained with a rational technique for passing the baton at an appropriate running speed. If the distance is reduced, then it is possible for the receiving runner to be overtaken by the transmitting one, and vice versa, if the distance between the runners increases, the transfer may not take place or will be performed outside the corridor.

List of used literature:

Zhilkin A.I. and etc. Athletics: Proc. allowance for students. higher ped. textbook institutions / A.I. Zhilkin, V.S. Kuzmin, E.V. Sidorchuk. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - 464 p.

Relay racing is considered one of the most exciting and spectacular disciplines in the athletics program. Athletes here represent not only themselves, but also defend the honor of their team, which encourages them to give all the best with a vengeance.

Definition

The relay race is the only team discipline in athletics. The bottom line is that the total distance, divided into stages, is alternately covered by athletes of the same team, passing the relay symbol to each other. In biathlon or swimming, the queue is passed in a symbolic way, by physically touching each other or touching the side, so the process of moving from stage to stage is formal.

In running, athletes overcome the distance with a relay baton in their hands, the process of transferring which to the next participant is furnished with a number of rules and restrictions, which brings the development of team actions to the fore. The relay race rules are quite strict and punish for the slightest violation.

Athletes carefully work out the moment of passing the baton in training, which allows leveling the advantage in speed of runners from different teams.

A bit of history

Relay race competitions began to be held in the nineteenth century. Given the great popularity of this discipline among the public, this discipline was included in the program of the 1908 Olympic Games. True, among the types of relay race, one of the most exotic for the modern viewer was presented. The runners competed in the so-called Swedish relay. It was divided into uneven segments and looked like this: 100-200-400-800 m.

In other words, athletes representing a wide range of running disciplines - from ultra-short to medium took part in the competition.

Due to the great popularity sprint distances most popular view The 4x100 m discipline became the relay race, which took its place in the Olympiad program. Soon, competitions of specialists in the long sprint - 4x400 m were added to it. The exotic Swedish relay race turned out to be unnecessary and lost the status of an Olympic discipline.

Varieties

In the program of the largest athletics competitions, which include Olympic Games, world championships, championships of the continent, include only two types of relay distances - 4x100 m and 4x400 m. The rest of the types no longer fit into the tight schedule of competitions and are tiring for athletes.

In addition, the World Athletics Federation sets records in the disciplines of 4x200 m, 4x800 m, 4x1500 m. Professionals also have their own relay race - 4x110 m with hurdles, but this discipline is not particularly popular and is practically not included in the program of major tournaments.

One of the trends in today's big sport was the promotion of mixed sports, where men and women compete as part of one team. Touched this fashion and athletics, at different tournaments they are actively trying to hold mixed relays 4x100 and 4x400 m, there is talk of including these events in the Olympic Games.

exotic

There are absolutely unusual species relay race. These include disciplines with uneven segments. The Swedish relay consists of ascending or descending sections of 100-200-400-800m.

Due to the popularity of cross-country running, they are actively introducing team competition in cross-country running, on the highway. Athletes run 3 or 5 kilometers, which turns the competition into a long tactical struggle.

Fans of extra-long distances have been watching the dynamic competitions of sprinters with envy for many years and decided to create their own relay race. These competitions are especially popular among the Japanese, one of the trendsetters in the marathon. This relay race is called equidance, it is held on the classic marathon distance of 42,195 m.

The extra-long section is divided into six runners, with the length of the segments alternating with each stage of the relay race. The role of the baton here is performed by a special ribbon, which is hung over the shoulder.

Rules

Smooth running is not a particularly fancy sport, so most of the rules are related to the moment of passing the baton. The size of the stick is regulated, the length of which is in the range of 28-30 cm, the diameter is 4-5 cm, and the weight does not exceed 150 grams. The color scheme is yellow, red, orange, in general, the stick should be visible to the judges from afar.

The handover takes place in a special corridor, the length of which is limited to 20 meters. The athlete taking the next stage has the right to start acceleration ten meters before the start of his section in order to gain speed. All athletes start from a low start. They even regulate the order of alternation of hands, according to which the stick can only be passed from the right hand to the left and vice versa.

The wand must be passed from hand to hand, it is forbidden to throw, roll it to a partner. Athletes do not have the right to interfere with each other, run into neighboring lanes, otherwise disqualification may follow.

In the event that the athlete drops the stick, he can pick it up and continue running, although the chances of a decent result are close to zero. If another participant takes the dropped stick, the team will be disqualified.

It is forbidden to use any means to improve the adhesion of the palm to the wand - bandages, gloves, glue. This item was introduced after an incident at the Olympics, where the participants of one of the teams generously treated their hands with an adhesive substance for a faster handover.

Grands

Relay races are very popular with spectators because of their dynamism, so they are usually held on the last days of the competition. The fact that the team of the strongest runners in one or another distance is revealed gives special prestige to the victories in the relay race.

The results of the relay races make it possible to quite objectively judge the development of running in the country as a whole. At a distance of 4x100 m among men, an epic battle has long been fought between the US and Jamaican teams, sometimes British athletes wedged in. However, the presence of Usain Bolt in the Jamaican team for the last ten years has made the advantage of the islanders indisputable, they have won all major tournaments until his recent departure from big-time sports.

Relay race, the distances of which are tailored for sprinters, is one of the most exciting sports events that gathers millions of viewers.

relay race is a team sport of athletics. There are the following types of relay races: a) on the treadmill; b) roundabouts around the city (start and finish in one place); c) star in the city (start in different places, finish in one place for all teams).

According to the composition of the relay race participants there are: children's, youth, men's, women's, mixed and combined. Classic relay races - 4 x 100 and 4 x 400 m - are held on the treadmill for both men and women. In addition, there are relay races for any distance and with any number of stages (for example, 10 x 1000 m), as well as "Swedish" relay races: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order).

Baton is a single smooth hollow tube, round in cross section, made of wood, metal or other solid material. According to the rules of the competition, the relay baton must have a weight of at least 50 g, a length of 28-30 cm and a circumference of 12-13 cm. Its transfer is carried out only in a zone equal to 20 m (10 m in each direction from the beginning of the stage) ; at the same time, any assistance from one runner to another (pushing, etc.) is prohibited. An athlete who has completed a stage may leave the track only if he is convinced that he will not interfere with the rest of the runners. If you lose your stick while running, you can pick it up and continue running further. If the baton is lost during transmission, only the transmitting runner can pick it up.

The most difficult of all types is the 4 x 100 m relay, since the transfer of the baton in it occurs at maximum speed. The rules of the competition allow the athlete receiving the relay to start running 10 m before the transfer zone. This allows the runner to reach top speed earlier and pass in the middle of the zone, with less risk of breaking the rules. Therefore, at each stage, the athlete begins to accelerate at the moment when the transmitting one reaches the control mark, located approximately 7-8 m from the starting point of the receiving runner. In order to make such a pass, both the transmitting and receiving runners must have the same speed in the pass zone and make it at the moment when they are 1.5 m apart from each other. Taking into account the run-up and baton transfer zones, athletes run 110 m in the first stage, 130 m in the second, 130 m in the third, and 120 m in the fourth.

There are two ways to pass the baton: from bottom to top (Fig. 2.10, A) and from top to bottom (Fig. 2.10, b). In the first method, the runner receiving the baton takes his hand (opposite to the hand of the passing runner) back slightly to the side, the thumb bends away from the palm, four fingers are closed, the plane of the palm looks down and back. The passing runner inserts the baton in an upward motion between the thumb and palm. Feeling the touch of the baton, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the hand. In the second method, the hand is also retracted back a little to the side and slightly higher, while the palm looks up. The passing runner inserts the baton in an up-and-down motion, lowering it into the palm of his hand. When the stick comes into contact with the palm, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the brush.

Rice. 2.10.

Relay race can be carried out:

1) without changing the baton;
2) with the relay baton.

Usually, the first method is used in short relay races, where the transmission takes place at high speeds, the second method is used in all other relay races.

Consider the technique of the 4x100m relay race. At the nerve stage, the runner starts from a low start into a turn. The baton is held with three fingers of the right hand, and the index and thumb fingers are straightened and rest on the track at the starting line (Fig. 2.11). In order for the runner of the first stage to run at the edge of the track, he must always hold the stick in his right hand, and pass it to the partner’s left hand. When the passing runner reaches the benchmark, the receiving runner begins the starting run. In the passing zone, runners should run without interfering with each other, preferably along the edges of the treadmill, depending on the passing hand. Running into the transfer zone, both runners approach, the first catches up with the second, the passing runner must give a short voice command in two running steps so that the receiving runner straightens and moves his arm back to pass the baton. After the transfer is completed, the runner who has accepted the baton continues to run quickly along his stage, and the runner who has passed the baton, gradually slowing down the run, stops, but does not go beyond the side boundaries of his track. Only after passing the transfer zone by other teams does he leave the track.

Rice. 2.11.

The runner of the second stage (Fig. 2.12) carries the baton in his left hand and passes to the runner of the third stage in his right hand. At the third stage, the runner runs along the turn, as close as possible to the curb, and passes the baton to the fourth team member from the right hand to the left. This order of passing the baton is the most perfect and is used by all the strongest teams. The transfer of the baton is carried out by the methods described above.

Rice. 2.12.

In other types of relay races, the transfer is always carried out from the left hand to the right. The athlete who has accepted the stick immediately shifts it to his left hand. In the 4 x 400m relay race and in all other relay races, no extra run-up is given and the competitors must start from within the 20m corridor. The actions of the runner receiving the stick depend on how fast his teammate completes his stage. If this speed is known in advance, use the reference mark. In the event that a group of runners approaches the place of transfer, and their speed increases or decreases, you should start running, depending on the situation, avoiding bumping the passing runner or excluding the premature start of the run. The runners of the second stage in the 4 x 400 m relay make the transition to the common track after they have crossed the line of the first turn. Runners of the third and fourth stages must be placed under the direction of the judge in the order that their team members take after running 200 m. After running this mark, it is not allowed to change the position of the athletes in the transfer zone.

With a rational passing technique, the runner who receives the baton must run and receive the baton without looking back, while maintaining high speed. Usually, the runner who takes over the relay starts either from a high or a low start, relying on one hand. At a high start, the runner turns his head slightly back to see the reference mark and the runner running up to it. When starting with support on one arm, the runner looks back over the shoulder of the non-supporting hand or, with his head down, looks back with his non-supporting hand. A very important element of technique at the moment of passing is running in the same rhythm, i.e. you have to run in step. It is also important to find the optimal "handicap" to start running, i.e. start running at such a length of the “handicap” when the speeds of the transmitting and receiving coincide in the middle of the transfer zone. The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the hand of the runner taking the baton laid back, and the length of the runner's hand straightened forward, passing the baton. This distance can be slightly increased by leaning forward when passing the passing runner (Fig. 2.13). Such a distance can only be maintained with a rational technique for passing the baton at an appropriate running speed. If the distance is reduced, then it is possible for the transmitting runner to overtake the receiving one, and, conversely, if the distance between the runners increases, the transfer may not take place or will be performed outside the corridor.

The most important factors in the performance of the relay team are:

indicators of individual results of athletes at the appropriate distances;
reliability of the baton transmission;
coordination of actions of team partners;
the integrity of a single team.

Rice. 2.13.

When compiling a team, they usually try to arrange the athletes in the following way: the weakest runner - at the first stage, the next in strength - at the second, etc. However, there are a number of circumstances that impose this rule. In the 4 x 100 m relay, it must be taken into account that individual athletes run much worse in a turn than in a straight line. The ability to quickly start, clearly receive and pass the stick can also change the place of the participant in the team. Relay 4 x 100m and over long distances it is often necessary to take into account the tactical plans of opponents and, depending on this, distribute the participants in stages.

Relay running technique training

The main objectives of training:

introduce the technique of relay race;
teach technique:
- - passing the baton on the spot and while walking,
- - passing the baton in slow running,
- - start of the runner taking the relay;
teach how to pass the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone;
to improve the relay race technique in pairs, the entire relay race as a whole.