Included in the program of the Olympic Games by decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents ( summer species men have at least 40 countries on three continents) and the presence of... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Included in the program of the Olympic Games by decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution in at least 20 25 countries of two three continents (summer events for men in at least 40 countries of three continents) and the availability ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Main article: Type of sport Type of sport a set of types sports competitions, united on the basis of similarity of rules, one sports federation, etc. Contents 1 Game types sports 1.1 ... Wikipedia
Olympic summer sports- Sports recognized by the IOC and included in the Olympic program summer games: . Water sports. Archery. Athletics. Badminton. Basketball. Boxing. Kayaking and canoeing. Cycling... ...
Olympic winter sports- Sports recognized by the IOC and included in the Olympic program winter games. . Biathlon. Bobsled. Curling. Ice hockey. Luge. Skating. Skiing[Language Services Department... ... Technical Translator's Guide
Sports that involve the use of skis during competitions. Olympic biathlon alpine skiing(sport) Nordic combined ski racing ski jumping snowboarding freestyle Non-Olympic skiing windsurfing skiing... ... Wikipedia
Collective name for sports ( sports games) on skates, skis and various types of sleds, competitions in which are held on ice and snow. To W. century. With. include: biathlon cross-country skiing with rifle shooting at shooting ranges;… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Commemorative coins of the Central Bank Russian Federation dedicated to Olympic winter sports. Main article: Commemorative coins of Russia Series: “Sports” Winter sports The “Winter sports” series, issued in 2009 2010, consists of ... ... Wikipedia
Paralympic Games. History and sports- From the history of the Paralympic Games Paralympics olympic games disabled people in the world is considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Women's sports at the IV Olympiad 1908- July 13 marks one hundred years since the opening of the IV Olympiad. These Summer Olympics, held in London, included women for the first time. The IV Summer Olympic Games were held in London from April 27 to October 31, 1908. Official... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Books
- , Zaitsev A. A., Poleshchuk N. K., Makarevsky A. B., Borisova I. V., Lutkova N. V.. A team of authors created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for...
- Summer Olympic sports. Norms and requirements. Reference and methodological manual. A team of authors has created a reference and methodological manual in the form of a constructive reference book. It reflects systematized ideas about the norms and dimensional requirements for...
Olympic Games- this is the world's largest sports forum and a celebration of sports. Modern Olympics take place once every four years. The organization of the Olympic Games is carried out by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), with headquarters in Zurich (Switzerland). The Summer Olympic Games have been organized since 1896. The Winter Olympics began their history in 1924.
Let's try to figure out what sports are included in the Olympic Games. A sport becomes Olympic as a result of its addition to the official Olympic program.
The inclusion of any sport in the Olympic program can be initiated by the following sports organizations:
- International Sports Federation of the sport;
- National sports federation of the sport through the International Federation;
- International Olympic Committee.
When deciding to grant the status of an Olympic sport, the International Olympic Committee analyzes a whole list of criteria that determine this affiliation:
- there must be an International Sports Federation for the sport recognized by the IOC;
- The International Sports Federation of a sport must recognize and implement the Olympic Charter as well as the World Anti-Doping Code;
- the sport must be widely popular this species sports competitions must be held regularly different levels, ending with the world one.
Competitions in Olympic sports are held at the following frequency:
- among men in summer disciplines, tournaments must be held in no less than 75 countries located on four continents;
- for women in summer disciplines, competitions must be held in no less than 40 countries located on three continents;
- In winter sports, competitions must be held in no less than 25 countries located on three continents.
Considering the high competition in the fight for Olympic status, when determining this status, entertainment, popularity among young people, the commercial component, etc. are also taken into account.
Summer Olympic sports
The Summer Olympics schedule includes competitions in 28 sports, including summer and all-season disciplines. Olympic sports competitions are held in 41 disciplines. Let's consider these sports and disciplines.
It involves racing on water. The distance is covered in boats by crews of one, two, four or eight rowers. At the same time, athletes sit with their backs in the direction of movement. The classic distance length is 2000 m.
Badminton
In it, athletes are placed in opposite parts of the site (court), which is divided into two halves. The actions of the athletes consist of throwing the shuttlecock over the net using rackets. The one who scores a certain number of points first wins.
Basketball
In it, athletes throw a ball into a “basket”, which is suspended at a height of about 3 meters. Two teams of five athletes play. The team with the most points at the end of playing time wins.
Boxing
They box in the ring wearing gloves specially designed for this purpose. The winner is the one who scored greatest number points at the end of the fight time, or ahead of time - due to a clear advantage, disqualification for breaking the rules, the inability or refusal of one of the fighters to continue the fight or knockout.
Struggle
The fight takes place using a combination of certain technical actions. As a result of the fight, you must knock out your opponent or win on points.
Cycling
Includes various types track racing, road racing, cyclocross, figure cycling, cycloball.
Water sports
These are disciplines related to performing various actions in water. Among aquatic species First of all, swimming in different styles and at different distances. In addition, such sports include water polo, diving and synchronized swimming.
Volleyball
This is a team match. Two teams compete on a playing field, which is divided by a net. The team's task is to send the ball over the net to hit the opponent's half of the court, preventing the other team from making the same attempt. There is a difference between regular and beach volleyball.
During the competition, athletes of two teams try to throw the maximum number of balls into the goal of the opposing team from a distance of at least 6 meters.
Gymnastics
Very popular look sports, including performing certain exercises both on gymnastic apparatus and without them. Gymnastics includes such disciplines as artistic and artistic gymnastics, trampolining.
A type of rowing in boats, kayaks and canoes in which the oars are not attached to the boat. They take place in different ways quantitative composition athletes and at different distances. In addition to rowing, this also includes rowing slalom.
Judo
A type of martial arts when athletes, along with throws, can perform choking and painful holds on their hands. Athletes compete in kimono on an area called tatami.
A sport involving a horse and rider associated with the execution of a specific program. This type includes disciplines such as dressage, show jumping and eventing.
Athletics
This is a sport associated with different types running, jumping and throwing various sports equipment.
This is a game confrontation between two or four athletes. The essence of the game is to throw a special celluloid ball over a net stretched over a tennis table.
Sailing
A type of competition associated with the operation of small vessels (yachts) of various designs in the format of an Olympic regatta.
The main goal of any of the athletes is to hit the goal or bring the ball into the opponents' end zone.
Modern pentathlon
The competition program includes five different activities: show jumping, epee fencing, shooting, running and swimming. Athletes receive points based on performance in all events.
Shooting
A sport that has been included in the Olympics for quite a long time. The program of the Summer Olympics distinguishes between competitions in bullet and clay pigeon shooting. Bullet shooting is performed from pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber weapons. Skeet shooting is carried out using shotguns using shotguns at skeet targets.
Archery
An Olympic discipline involving the use of a sports bow. The goal of archery is to hit the smallest circle inside a 1.22 m circular target with an arrow.
Tennis
Game type, competition between two opponents. Players use rackets and special balls. The playing field (court) is divided by a net. Athletes in the game use a racket to send the ball to the opponent’s side so that he is unable to hit it or hits it in violation of the rules.
Triathlon
The most difficult discipline. The competition program includes a 1500 m swim, a 40 km bike ride and a 10 km run around the stadium. At the same time, there are no gaps between different types.
Modern martial arts originally from Korea. Its main difference from karate is that during the fight, fighters mainly use kicks.
Weightlifting
The weightlifting competition program consists of performing a snatch and a clean and jerk. The snatch is an exercise in which the athlete lifts an apparatus from a platform to full arm length above his head in one movement. The push consists of two separate movements - first, the projectile must be lifted from the platform and placed on the chest, pushing a little lower.
Fencing
It is also one of the sports in which competitions have been held for quite a long time. The fencer's task is to thrust at his opponent while avoiding the thrust himself. The winner is the one who is the first to inflict a certain number of injections on the enemy, taking into account the rules, or inflict more such injections in a certain time interval.
Football
One of the most favorite sports. The essence of a football match is that two teams of 11 athletes each try to hit the goal of the other team by kicking or heading the ball.
The essence of the field hockey competition is for the players of two teams of 11 athletes each to hit the other team’s goal with the ball as many times as possible using a stick and not let it into their own.
Winter Olympic sports
During the Winter Olympic Games, athletes compete in 7 winter sports in 15 disciplines.
Biathlon
A cross-country ski race with a weapon over set distances combined with shooting from a prone and standing position at the shooting range.
Curling
The match is played by two teams of 4 people, playing 10 ends, releasing 8 stones during each end. The draw in curling looks like this: a player, wearing one sliding shoe and a second non-slip one, launches a stone from the starting block and accelerates it across the ice.
Skating sports
Disciplines related to performing certain actions on ice. These include figure skating, skating and short track.
Skiing
Includes ski racing over various distances, ski jumping, Nordic combined ( cross-country skiing and ski jumping), alpine skiing, as well as snowboarding.
Winter Olympic sport representing downhill from the mountains along specially equipped ice tracks on steerable sleds - beans. The essence luge is as follows. Men and women on single-seat sleds or double-seat male crews go down the mountain in sleds along specially made tracks 800 - 1200 m long.
Hockey
The players of each team, passing the puck with their sticks, try to hit the opponent’s goal with it as many times as possible and not let it into their own.
Aikido, chess, bandy, kickboxing, rugby, mountaineering, combat sambo, water skiing, sumo. What does this list of sports have in common? All of them belong to non-Olympic sports. Perhaps if they were included in the Olympic Games, the Olympics would become even more popular.
Have you ever wondered why non-Olympic sports are not included in the Olympics?
Non-Olympic sports - rugby
The Olympic Games have team sports such as football, basketball or hockey. Rugby is also a team sport, but for some reason it is classified as a non-Olympic sport sports disciplines. And this is not at all due to the fact that rugby is not as popular in the world as football.
In England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and South Africa, this sport attracts full stadiums. So why is it not an Olympic sport? The fact is that the duration of the Summer Olympics is no more than 15 days.
It takes many more days to play out a rugby championship. This is mainly due to the fact that rugby is considered a contact sport, therefore players expend a lot of energy and need time to rest.
Rugby is a game in which you can’t skimp, the athletes give it their all. Consequently, it takes them many more days to recover after a match than football players.
Rugby is the national sport of England. Previously we talked about national sports sports in more detail.
Non-Olympic sports - bandy
Bandy, or bandy as this sport is commonly called, is played by two teams of 10 players. Athletes move on ice on skates.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has long recognized bandy as an Olympic sport, and was even going to include this discipline in the 2018 Winter Olympics, but at the last moment they decided to change their decision.
Non-Olympic sports - chess
The list of non-Olympic sports can be continued with chess. They have long outgrown the status of ordinary board games. Every year championships are held in this sport and awarded sports categories. So why is chess still not included in the Olympic program?
As for the Winter Olympics, the IOC noted that their program includes only those sports that are held on ice or snow.
Increasingly Popular Non-Olympic Sports
In addition to the sports that we wrote about above, the Olympic sports program also does not include:
- Acrobatic rock and roll;
- American football;
- Armwrestling;
- Body-building;
- Bowling;
- Billiard sport;
- Kettlebell lifting;
- Gorodkov sports;
- Jujutsu;
- Kyokushin karate;
- Karate JKS;
- Skittles;
- Kickboxing WAKO;
- Kickboxing WPKA;
- Cossack duel;
- Powerlifting;
- Paintball;
- Polyathlon;
- Hand-to-hand combat;
- Fishing sport;
- Rock climbing;
- Sports aerobics;
- Sports acrobatics;
- Orienteering;
- Sports dances;
- Speleology;
- Sports tourism;
- Sports bridge;
- Crossbow shooting;
- Ski-l;
- Thai boxing Muay Thai;
- Taekwondo (ITF);
- Universal fight;
- Fitness;
- Futsal;
- Checkers;
- Free fight;
- Tug of war;
- Pankration;
- Aesthetic gymnastics;
- Cheerleading;
- Belt wrestling;
- Squash;
- Bogatyr all-around;
- Beach handball;
- Beach soccer;
- Streetball;
- Dance sport;
- Wakeboarding;
- Sporting;
- Mini golf;
- Jumping on an acrobatic track;
- Horting;
- Jetski;
- Aeromodelling sport;
- Automotive sports;
- Automotive sports;
- Karting;
- Airplane sports;
- Marine all-around;
- Motorcycle sport;
- Parachuting;
- Underwater sports;
- Radiosport;
- Sports with dogs.
Who knows, perhaps in the near future the Olympic Committee will consider options with non-Olympic sports and include them in the main program.
We all know very well how the Olympic Committee, over the 117-year history of the games, has constantly changed, added, introduced new rules, and so on. For example, at the games in Paris in 1900, real live pigeons served in target shooting competitions, and 12 years later in Stockholm, for the only time in history, competitions in shot put, discus and javelin throwing with the right and left hands were held separately: counted the sum of two results. Also at different times the program included the following exotic species, like motorboating, tug of war, hot air balloon races and even art competitions.
There are currently only 28 year olds and seven winter species sports, divided into dozens of disciplines in which medals are awarded. Nevertheless, every Olympic cycle the question arises of adding or returning to the games program some kind of sport that is sometimes undeservedly forgotten or overlooked by sports officials. Also, provocative stuffing and comic proposals regularly appear in the information field about plans to hold such marginal competitions as sheep shearing (an idea of New Zealanders), pole dancing and hide and seek (an initiative of the Japanese) within the framework of the Olympics. However, according to the Olympic Charter, only sports that are widespread in at least 75 countries on four continents (for men's sports) can be included in the Olympic Games program.
In this material, we decided to collect several sports that have a very real chance of being included in the Olympic program in the coming years.
Rugby
Rugby competitions have already been held as part of the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1924. IN last time gold medals on V III Games The team from the USA won in Paris. The return of the ellipsoidal ball to the Olympic battlefield will take place in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. The Brazilian Summer Games will include a simplified and more dynamic Scottish version of this traditional English game, called rugby sevens based on the number of players on the team. Obviously, this version of rugby was chosen for the sake of entertainment (only two halves of seven minutes each) and simplicity of organization - in classic rugby, 15 players play for one team at once, and the world championships last for a whole month due to long breaks between matches associated with huge physical activity athletes. Considering the future medal prospects, it is worth noting that in 2007 and 2009 the Russian team became the European champion in this particular type of rugby.
Synchronized figure skating
A much more exotic skating sport, which will also be included in the demonstration program of the 2014 Winter Olympics. However, this time it was clearly not Russian sports officials who tried: among the winners of the World Championship in this discipline figure skating, held only since 2000, mainly Swedish and Finnish teams meet.
It is curious that the dance group entering the ice consists of 16 people, among whom there should be no more than six men. Among the elements in this type of skating there is the so-called “spinner” (aka “wheel”), when lines of skaters (“spokes”) rotate around a common center, while a spinner with three spokes is called a “Mercedes”.
Streetball
Street basketball 3 on 3 on half a regular court and with one hoop, which originated in poor American neighborhoods in the middle of the last century, has recently been often mentioned in connection with the future Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2020. The Secretary General of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA), Patrick Bauman, has been advocating for its Olympic status for five years now, especially after successful competition at the Youth Olympics in Singapore in 2010, but so far the matter has not gone beyond regular negotiations with the IOC. It is also unclear whether players from regular basketball teams will be able to compete in this discipline and whether this will turn into just another demonstration training session for NBA players.
Golf
Golf was played at the Olympic Games only twice: in 1900 and 1904, and then this aristocratic sport dropped out of the program for a long time, but only to return again 112 years later, all at the same upcoming summer olympics in Brazil. The last time at the III Games in St. Louis, America, the winner in the individual competition was the representative of Canada, but gold medal Team USA won the team event.
The dance group entering the ice consists of 16 people, among whom there should be no more than six men.
Squash
Squash is a singles or doubles game with two rackets on a court surrounded on four sides by walls, and the ball is one and a half times smaller and softer than in tennis. According to legend, it appeared in the mid-19th century at London's Harrow School, when students, waiting in line for a busy racquet court, began to play with a softer ball on the court formed by the four walls of buildings. The International Squash Federation (WSF) has been fighting for ten years to include this worldwide popular sport in the Olympic program. It should be noted that in recent years a lot has been done to increase the entertainment value of this sport. In particular, glazed and illuminated courts were created that are convenient for spectators, the game is accompanied by music, and the referees make full use of video replays and the HawkEye system to resolve controversial issues in the game. However, in September, at the 125th session of the IOC, squash missed its chance to get to the Olympics, losing in the voting to a fight that had recently been excluded from the list of Olympic sports for some reason.
Bandy
Bandy, also known as “Russian”, will be one of the so-called exhibition disciplines at the long-awaited Olympics in Sochi. According to the practice that has developed over the past 100 years, the International Olympic Committee allows each country hosting the competition to introduce one or two additional events, usually traditional or extremely popular among the local population. For prizes in such events, they give slightly smaller medals, which do not count towards the overall standings. Demonstration events may well develop into full-fledged ones, as happened, for example, with taekwondo, which was first demonstrated at the Olympics in Seoul in 1988, and was already included in the program in 2000 in Sydney. It is doubtful, however, that bendy will remain on Winter Olympics after Sochi - primarily due to its low prevalence: only 14 teams compete for the title of world champions, with Russia or Sweden certainly winning.
With its rules, this sport is more reminiscent of football: two halves of 45 minutes, 11 players, field football sizes, ice only, offside, free kicks and corner kicks. Which, however, is not surprising, since this sport, despite its name, took shape in Great Britain at the end of the century before last.
Bandy will be one of the so-called demonstration disciplines at the Olympics
in Sochi.
