The responsibilities of a soldier in combat are numerous. And the role and importance of every military man is great. After all, victory in battle depends on the successful actions of each soldier, the crews of combat vehicles and tanks, the crews of mortars, guns, etc. But all this, again, is under the control of the military. And the outcome of the battle, naturally, depends on their actions.
Basics
Before going into details, I would like to talk about the topic briefly. Namely, about what modern combat is. A soldier's responsibilities in battle are determined by his purpose. And it consists of inflicting fire damage on the opponent and destroying him.
Modern combat means are not only weapons. This is also the personnel. Also, modern combined arms combat has its own characteristics. They usually mean its important features and properties, which, in fact, reveal the nature of the battle.
The main features are determination, tension, transience, high maneuverability, and a variety of means used during the battle. But there are also principles. Every soldier should follow them.
Everyone must be in constant combat readiness, show determination, high activity and continuously fight. Actions taken by the military must be unexpected for the enemy. Also, soldiers and commanders must constantly and clearly interact with each other, calculate and coordinate every step. The department is obliged to ensure a comprehensive battle and do everything possible to ensure that it ends in victory.
Offensive
At this initial stage, each soldier operates as part of his own squad. The offensive task comes from the commander. The responsibilities of a soldier in battle are to understand the landmarks, composition, position, and nature of the enemy’s actions. Also, each military man must identify the location of the enemy’s fire weapons. Then he must define his task, find targets to defeat. And, in addition to this, indicate the tank number, followed by its compartment, the procedure for using fire and overcoming obstacles.
Before this, each soldier checks the availability of certain ammunition, as well as the serviceability of the weapon - prepares it for battle. If preparations are being made for an attack that will take place at night, then you need to carefully familiarize yourself with the area and remember identification signs that will help you navigate in the dark.
Preparing for the attack
All the above actions are carried out to ensure that the defeat of the enemy is carried out successfully. The attack is followed by an attack. Until the commander announces its beginning, the military should not leave their place. And the duties of a soldier in battle before an attack are to fire at the enemy. The commander gives the order after the tanks approach original position. As soon as a soldier hears “Squad, prepare to attack!”, he must quickly take several actions.
First, reload your weapon and prepare your grenades. Secondly, attach a bayonet to the machine gun and install a sight. Thirdly, secure items of equipment in such a way that they do not interfere with its movement.
As soon as the tanks pass, the soldier puts his foot on a step or in a recess (depending on what was prepared during the offensive), rests his hands on the parapet of the trench and continues to watch the opponent, preparing to leave the shelter at any moment. And when the commander says “Squad, attack - forward!”, he does it. The duties of a soldier in battle in this case are to quickly, simultaneously with other soldiers, respond to an order, jump out of a trench (trench), and then follow the tank.
Attack
This is one of the most critical stages. The responsibilities of a soldier in battle, in an attack, are extremely important, since the outcome of the confrontation depends on how well he copes with them.
So, when moving towards the chain, each military man must match the front and maintain a certain interval. In parallel with this, he is obliged to destroy the enemy’s fire weapons (especially anti-tank weapons) with weapons. Also, the soldier must be ready to point out to the combat vehicle the most dangerous targets, which are more likely to hinder the progress of their squad than others.
When a fighter approaches the trench/trenches occupied by the enemy, he should throw there. The distance to the enemy's shelter should be about 30-35 meters. If there are surviving enemies, the military destroys them with point-blank fire or hand grenades, while continuing to move in the given direction - these are the duties of a soldier in battle. The charter also allows you to “finish off” the enemy with techniques hand-to-hand combat.
Actions in contaminated areas
When talking about the general duties of a soldier in battle, it is necessary to note how every soldier should behave if contaminated areas have formed on the battlefield. This is not uncommon. They are formed as a result of the opponent's use of weapons of mass destruction.
Therefore, during a battle, every soldier must be as attentive as possible in order to notice such areas in time and report them to the commander. And then - take all possible actions to successfully overcome the obstacle.
To do this, soldiers who are in armored personnel carriers are required to wear gas masks. And in tanks and infantry fighting vehicles it is necessary to include a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction. After that vehicles must move with maximum speed and in the direction where the terrain is least dangerous to the health of the military.
These are the duties of a soldier in battle. states: a military man must do everything necessary not only for the successful outcome of the battle, but also to preserve his own integrity. Because every soldier is important and valuable.
If military personnel move on foot or in open vehicles, they must wear respirators, protective gloves, stockings and protective raincoats. Gas mask - if the area is contaminated with toxic substances. Sections must be overcome in dashes, at maximum speed.
Overcoming water obstacles
This is also the duty of a soldier in battle. Brief attention should be paid to this topic. Indeed, in a military situation, employees have to overcome swamps, ditches, streams and rivers. And we need to do it right.
It is not always possible to use wooden and inflatable landing boats, boats and other transportation means. If you have to overcome a water obstacle by swimming, you need to do it quickly and unexpectedly for your opponent, so as not to slow down the pace of the attack.
However, soldiers are obliged to do everything possible to equip the ford. Clear the approaches and riverbed from stones, stumps, piles and other obstacles, fill in the craters (or at least fence them off), strengthen the slopes to the river and the unstable bottom covered with silt. If the current is fast, then you need to stretch a rope across the river. You need to cross 1-2 people at a time. If the situation is not critical, then some of the equipment and shoes are allowed to be removed and transported on oneself. When crossing by swimming, the soldier unfastens the cuffs and collars, turns out his pockets, unties his underpants and trouser strings, and puts his boots in his waist belt. You need to take the machine gun behind your back or, alternatively, place it on a roll-up table, first passing the belt under your arms and across your chest.
Overcoming mine-explosive barriers
This obstacle is the most dangerous. As previously stated, a soldier's duties in combat are determined by the goal. And it lies not only in leading the team to victory, but also in maintaining the integrity of one’s own life.
The soldier overcomes mine-explosive barriers by running, moving behind the tank, along the rut he made. Collapse is prohibited. Moreover, for the sake of safety, fighters are obliged to move “in a trail.” Because otherwise there is a risk of catching the wire closure or the tripwire. Also, to prevent this from happening, the soldier must raise and lower his feet vertically.
After crossing the field, the squad again deploys into a chain, resuming the attack.
Shooting
The above is not all the duties of soldiers in battle. Execution of commands must be carried out according to strict rules. And, since the goal is to destroy the opponent, there is only one action - shooting.
If a soldier is armed with a machine gun or machine gun, then he can fire on the move with the butt to his side or shoulder. Or offhand. In this case, it is allowed to fire from a short stop or without it at all. Weapons can also be reloaded on the move. The destruction of an enemy in a trench can be carried out not only with a grenade, but also with a point-blank shot, a bayonet-knife, or even a blow from a butt.
If soldiers see a combat aircraft or helicopter approaching, they are required to open fire on air targets. It is conducted as part of a platoon or squad, exclusively at a range of up to 500 meters (approximately). Fire can only be opened with the permission of the commander. Soldiers fire while standing, kneeling or in a prone position.
Trenches
Every soldier must remember that he must overcome the first trench without descending into it. Bursting into other trenches, the soldiers clear them in the direction that was given by the commanders. In this case, you need to monitor the provision of flanks.
The fighters must move quickly along the trench, simultaneously using not only grenades and weapons, but also hand-to-hand combat techniques (strikes with a butt, an infantry shovel, hands and feet, and also thrusts with a bayonet). In this situation, you can only rely on your skill, since in this case the soldier finds himself in the enemy’s lair, which poses the maximum danger for him.
By the way, it’s better to act in pairs. One soldier wields grenades, and the other destroys enemies with fire. It is better to involve a third fighter who will support them from above.
End of the battle
The attack can be completed by various reasons. Sometimes the enemy decides to retreat. Either way, this is called stopping the attack. And even in such situations, the soldier is obliged to act in a certain order.
First of all, the fighters must take cover. So that the place can protect them from attack and fire. And at the same time, so that from there you can quickly open targeted fire. While digging out a shelter with an infantry shovel, the soldier must make a single trench designed for prone shooting.
In general, I could talk about this topic for a long time. But those are the basics. The only effective means of achieving victory is coherence of actions and, of course, the manifestation of courage and intelligence.
Topic 3. Actions of a soldier in battle.
Responsibilities of personnel in combat
Every sergeant and soldier is obliged:
1) know combat mission platoon, your squad (crew) and your mission;
2) know the organization, weapons, equipment and tactics of enemy units, especially the combat capabilities of their tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons, their most vulnerable spots;
3) know the weapons and equipment of your unit;
4) know the size, volume, sequence and timing of the equipment of fortifications;
5) be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, including the use of explosives, and carry out camouflage;
6) in battle, constantly monitor, detect the enemy in a timely manner and immediately report him to the commander;
7) act steadfastly and persistently on the defensive, boldly and decisively act on the offensive, destroy the enemy, especially tanks and other armored vehicles by all means and means, skillfully move on the battlefield, choose firing positions (places for shooting);
8) show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, provide assistance to a comrade;
9) be physically strong and resilient, master hand-to-hand combat techniques;
10) be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his low-flying aircraft, helicopters and other air targets from small arms;
11) protect the commander in battle, in the event of his injury or death, boldly take command of the unit;
12) know methods of protection against weapons of mass destruction and precision weapons of the enemy;
13) skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and protective properties;
14) overcome barriers, obstacles and contaminated zones, install and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
15) carry out special processing;
16) do not leave your place in battle without the commander’s permission;
17) if injured or affected by radioactive, toxic substances, biological (bacterial) agents, as well as incendiary weapons, take the necessary measures of self- and mutual assistance and continue to perform the task; if ordered, go to a medical station, take with you personal weapons and protective equipment; if it is impossible to go to the medical station, crawl into cover with a weapon and wait for the orderlies;
18) be able to prepare weapons and ammunition for combat use, quickly and deftly load clips, magazines, and belts with cartridges; monitor the consumption of ammunition and refueling of an infantry fighting vehicle, tank, promptly report to your commander about the consumption of 0.5 and 0.75 of the carryable (transportable) supply of ammunition and refueling; if an infantry fighting vehicle is damaged, quickly take measures to restore it;
19) know and comply with the norms of international law of armed conflicts, laws of war.
Accommodation of crew and troops
The infantry fighting vehicle is equipped with ten seats to accommodate a combat crew consisting of a squad (vehicle) commander, a driver, a gunner-operator and seven motorized riflemen, which include: senior gunner (SS), gunner (S), machine gunner (P) , grenade launcher (G), assistant grenade launcher (PG). Available seats for platoon control personnel - 6 people: 2 per vehicle.
If the position of the vehicle commander is occupied by a senior commander, the squad or platoon commander is located in the troop compartment of the vehicle.
Management department. The control compartment is located in the bow of the machine body. It houses mechanic jobs - driver and paratrooper.
The driver's workplace is equipped with: a seat; control and measuring instruments; lighting and alarm devices; four TNPO-170A surveillance devices; gyro-semi-compass GPK-59; machine controls; devices and actuators; A-ZTPU apparatus; radiation and chemical reconnaissance device; fire extinguishing means; surveillance device cleaning system.
The paratrooper's workplace is equipped with: a seat, an embrasure for firing personal weapons (on the left side of the hull), TNP-165A and TNPO-170A surveillance devices, and an A-3TPU apparatus.
Combat compartment. The fighting compartment is located in the middle part of the vehicle body directly behind the power compartment. It includes a turret and a part of the hull, limited by the power compartment partition in front and the guards of the landing seats in the rear.
At the commander's workplace there are: a commander's hatch with TKN-3B surveillance devices with an OU-3GA2, TNPO-170A, TNPT-1 illuminator; seat; commander's hatch rotation mechanism; sight 1PZ-3; stabilizer control panel; radio station R-123M (R-173); apparatus A-1TPU; tank and taps of the instrument cleaning system.
Airborne squad. The troop compartment is located in the rear of the vehicle. It is limited by the right and left sides of the hull and is divided into two parts by the middle fuel tank and the electrical equipment container. In the airborne squad there are six jobs for paratroopers, three in each unit. Part of the basis for the seats are the side tanks, installed to the right and left of the middle tank. At each workplace there is a TNPO-170A device for monitoring the terrain while moving in combat, embrasures for firing from PK machine guns (front) and AK machine guns (the rest), and places for stowing paratroopers’ property. There are two doors at the rear of the vehicle for the exit and entry of troops. To monitor the terrain, they are equipped with two TNPO-170A devices, and in the left door there is also an embrasure for firing from an AK. Above the seats in the roof there are two hatches for landing troops afloat, firing at air targets and observing the terrain on the march.
Soldier at an observation post
Observational reconnaissance is carried out in all types of combat to obtain information about the ground and air enemy, their fire weapons, engineering obstacles, command posts and other objects.
To conduct surveillance reconnaissance, a soldier may be assigned as an observer or chemical observer.
The soldier assigned as an observer must see and hear everything without being noticed. The observation location is selected at the direction of the commander, one that would provide good visibility, camouflage, shelter from enemy fire, and have convenient approaches.
You cannot be located on the tops of hills, near isolated trees, buildings, on the edge of small groves, near individual bushes, i.e. near those places that can serve as landmarks for the enemy and attract his attention.
The most convenient for observation are trenches, ditches, shell craters and other excavations in the ground. The place for observation in them is chosen so that there is an embankment, hillocks or bushes behind; then the observer will not be silhouetted against the sky.
Observation methods day and night
At local objects (post, tree, etc.), observation is carried out lying down on the shadow side.
For the convenience of observation and detailed inspection of the observed area, the sector assigned to the observer is divided by depth into three observation zones: the closest, most accessible to observation with the naked eye, with a depth of 400 - 500 m; medium - up to 1000 m and long range - up to the limit of visibility.
The boundaries of the zones are established by clearly visible landmarks or local objects.
When starting observation, they first briefly inspect the entire area (in the offensive - from oneself towards the enemy, and in defense - from the enemy towards oneself).
Observation begins from the nearest zone and is carried out from right to left along conventionally designated boundaries from oneself in depth through a sequential inspection of the terrain and local objects. Open areas of the terrain are inspected faster, closed areas in more detail.
The observer reports everything observed to the commander without ceasing observation.
In the report, the observer indicates a landmark, at what distance from it (to the right, to the left, further, closer) and what was noticed, for example, “Landmark two - to the left 50, closer to 100, there is an enemy observation post near the yellow bush” (see Appendix 1).
Surveillance is especially difficult at night. It must be remembered that in the dark visibility from above is worse than from below. Therefore, the observation site is chosen in hollows and low places, from where it is possible to quickly detect the enemy projecting against the sky. Objects with contour outlines that clearly appear on the ground are selected as landmarks.
The procedure for inspecting the area in the observation sector
Observation at night is carried out using night vision devices or the naked eye.
When observing at night, to avoid blinding, do not look at brightly lit objects or light sources.
An infrared illuminator reveals the location of its application. Therefore, when starting observation, you need to turn on the power of the electro-optical device, carefully inspect the area in the observation sector and make sure that the enemy does not have infrared searchlights. It should be remembered that the enemy's radiation source will be projected as a light green spot with a bright white center.
Its direction is determined by the shape of the spot; if it has the shape of a circle, then the beam is directed towards the observer; if an ellipse is visible, elongated vertically, the beam is directed towards the observer at an angle of 45-60°.
In cases where visibility at night is very limited or completely excluded, reconnaissance is carried out by eavesdropping. It is necessary to take into account that audibility is significantly influenced by air temperature and humidity, wind, terrain, vegetation cover, local objects, etc.
In cloudy weather or in deep clouds, and especially after rain, audibility increases; on a clear sunny day, it worsens.
At night and early in the morning, audibility is better than during the day, and in winter it is better than in summer. Audibility also improves if sound waves propagate over a water surface (lake, river, etc.). Wind speeds up or slows down the propagation of sound waves. If it blows from the sound source towards the observer, audibility improves.
In mountainous areas, sounds arising from the movement of troops and defensive work are heard at a much greater distance than on the plain, since sound waves, reflected from the surface of the mountains, travel further. Vegetation and local objects in the path of movement can slow their spread and change direction.
When choosing a location for eavesdropping, you should strive to hear sounds without reflection: in elevated places, further from obstacles and downwind from areas through which the enemy will make noise. You should not be located near trees that are noisy from the wind, etc.
At night, as well as during the day, it is important not only to detect the target, but also to determine the distance to it.
Determination of distances to targets or local objects during the day can be carried out in various ways: eye; by angular values of targets or local objects; on the rangefinder scale of the optical sight; direct measurement of the area.
The visual method of determining distance without the use of any instruments is one of the main ways of determining distances to targets.
In practice, two methods are used to visually determine distances to targets (local objects): by segments of terrain; according to the degree of visibility and apparent size of the target.
When determining distances along sections of terrain, it is necessary to mentally set aside some familiar distance that is firmly entrenched in visual memory, for example a segment of 100, 200, 400 m, from yourself to the target or local object. It should be taken into account that as the distance increases, the apparent size of the segment gradually decreases in perspective.
When determining distances based on the degree of visibility and the apparent size of the target, it is necessary to compare the visible size of the target with the visible dimensions of this target imprinted in memory at certain distances.
If a target is detected near a landmark or local object, the distance to which is known, then when determining the distance to the target, its distance from the landmark must be taken into account.
Determining distances based on local visibility
objects (people)
To determine the distance by angular value, it is necessary to know the width or height of the target (object) to which the distance is measured, and to have observation devices. When determining distances using this method, measure the angular value of the apparent height or width of the target (object) and calculate the distance using the formula
D = H x 1000,
where D is the determined distance to the target; B is the height or width of the target, Y is the angle in thousandths at which the target (object) is visible. The procedure for determining distance using binoculars: in the field of view of the binoculars there is a goniometric grid, which, in turn, has mutually perpendicular goniometric scales. The value of one large scale division corresponds to 10 thousandths (0-10), the small one corresponds to 5 thousandths (0-05). For example, you need to determine the distance to an enemy ATGM (anti-tank guided missile) located at the line of telegraph poles.
Solution: The distance between the pillars is 50 m. It is closed by four large divisions of the horizontal goniometric scale (40 thousandths or 0-40). The distance to the ATGM is
D = H x 1000 = 50 x 1000 = 1250m
Observation devices. To determine the distances on the rangefinder scale of the RPG-7 optical sight and the BMP gun, you need to point the scale at the target so that the target is located between the solid horizontal and inclined dotted lines.
Binocular angular scales. The scale bar located above the target indicates the distance to the target, which has a height of 2.7 m. If the target has a height of less than (more than) 2.7 m, then it is necessary from the distance determined
on the scale, subtract (add) an amendment equal to the product of the number of tenths of a meter of difference in the height of the target by the constant number 4 and the scale number located above the target.
For example, you need to determine the distance to a heavy enemy tank having a height of 3.2 m, if the tank is yours top part touches the dotted line of the rangefinder scale with the stroke marked 6.
Determining the distance using the optical rangefinder scale
sight (distance to target 600 m with its height 2.7 m)
Solution: The difference in target height is 0.5 m (3.2 - 2.7 = 0.5); the correction is 120 m (0.5 x 4 x 6 = 120 m); distance to target 720 m (600 + 120) or rounded 700 m.
IN optical sight sniper rifle The scale bar, unlike the RPG-7 and BMP sights, indicates the distance to the target, which has a height of 1.7 m.
The distance to the target on the rangefinder scale can only be determined when the target height is completely visible.
To determine distances by measuring the terrain in steps, you need to know the average value of one pair of your steps in meters. When determining distances, steps are counted in pairs. This method can only be used outside of contact with the enemy and serves to check the correctness of the eye's determination of distances.
The observation post must have observation devices, a large-scale map or diagram of the area, an observation log (see Table 1), a compass, a watch, a flashlight, communications and warning signals.
Having received the task, observers begin to covertly equip the observation site. It is usually chosen near the commander setting up the post, with good review. Communication between the observation post and the commander is carried out by telephone, radio, voice or established signals. The senior observer reports to the commander (chief) who sent the post about the occupation of the observation post and the completion of its equipment.
Observers take turns observing. It begins with a detailed study of the area and determining distances to landmarks and characteristic local objects in the designated sector.
Having discovered a target, the senior observer reports to the commander in accordance with the established procedure about its position relative to landmarks and, in addition, plots it on a map or diagram of the area and makes an entry in the observation log.
Surveillance of enemy air is carried out by sequentially scanning the airspace, starting from the horizon.
Having detected an air target, the observer gives an alert signal, determines its nature, direction and altitude of flight and reports it to the commander who set up the post (senior post observer).
A chemical observer conducts continuous observation in a specified area, at a specified time, and also during each enemy artillery and air raid, turns on radiation and chemical reconnaissance instruments and monitors their readings.
If radiation contamination is detected (radiation level 0.5 rad/h or higher), the observer is immediately obliged to report to the commander and, on his instructions, give the “Radioactive danger” signal.
If a chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination is detected, the observer gives a "Chemical Alert" signal and reports to the commander.
The results of radiation and chemical observations are recorded in the observation log (see Table 2).
At the end of the shift, the senior observation post signs the observation log in the journal.
Table 1
SAMPLES OF ENTRIES IN THE OBSERVATION LOG
Table 2
IN THE JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CHEMICAL OBSERVATION
(first half of the magazine)
(second half of the magazine)
The action of a sentinel soldier on the march
The patrol squad is assigned to timely detect the enemy and reconnaissance of the area. It operates at a distance that allows for observation of its actions and fire support.
A soldier in a patrol squad can operate in an infantry fighting vehicle or on foot, or on skis in winter. He performs the task by observation on the move and from short stops.
When conducting reconnaissance far from the enemy in a combat vehicle, when a meeting with him is unlikely, the patrol squad usually moves along the road at maximum speed, and in the area of a possible meeting with the enemy, off the roads, covertly, jumping from one point convenient for observation to another.
If reconnaissance of any object is difficult, the commander sends out foot patrols (two or three soldiers), appointing one of them as a senior officer, and the vehicle is located in a shelter. The soldiers remaining in the vehicle monitor the surrounding area and the actions of the patrolmen, ready to support them with fire.
The patrolmen inspect the terrain and local objects along the path of movement as follows: moving closer to the local object, they first inspect it with outside, trying to identify whether the enemy was hiding behind him or inside him. Having found no signs indicating presence of the enemy, the sentries approach the local object, inspect it and the area ahead. At the same time, the senior patrolman, moving slightly behind his patrolman, must be ready to support him with fire, at the same time he continuously maintains visual contact with the squad leader. Having made sure that there is no enemy, the senior patrolman gives the squad commander the signal “The path is clear.” The sentinels remain in place and continue surveillance until the squad leader arrives. Having received the next observation point from the squad commander, the patrolmen continue to move in the same sequence to the new observation point. When inspecting local objects, the sentinels do not stay in one place for long.
If the sentinels encounter a section of terrain prepared for defense and discover trenches, trenches, wire and mine barriers, then they must first of all find out whether the barriers are defended by the enemy, whether the trenches and trenches are occupied by troops, establish the enemy’s strength, the depth and nature of his defense. It is possible that observation fails to reveal the presence of the enemy in the trenches.
In this case, the patrol can take some demonstrative actions, for example, making noise at the wire fence in order to draw enemy fire or, as a last resort, shelling the barriers in several places. If the fence is not guarded, you need to find a bypass (passage) or make a passage through the fence, and then continue moving along the given route, being sure to mark the passage.
Inspection of the forest begins from the edge. Signs of the presence of an enemy in the forest can be: birds taking off, tracks of carts, tanks and cars leading into the forest, broken branches and peeled bark on trees, movement at the edge of the forest, smoke from fires, the shine of glasses of optical instruments, etc. When inspecting the forest, you need to pay attention to the tops of trees and dense thickets to prevent a surprise attack by the enemy.
Clearings, ravines, bushes, gates and other places convenient for enemy ambushes are subject to especially thorough inspection.
The inspection of the settlement begins from a distance, if possible from elevated places. Particular attention is paid to places from which the enemy can conduct observation himself (trees, roofs of buildings, windows of buildings, etc.). Signs indicating the presence of an enemy in a populated area can be: the noise of engines, a lot of movement, and sometimes unusual silence.
If the enemy is not detected, the sentinels secretly approach the populated area. First, detached or outlying houses are inspected and local residents are interviewed. Individual courtyards must be approached not from the street, but from the side of the garden, vegetable garden or outbuildings. Inspection of buildings is carried out first from the outside, then from the inside. In During the inspection of the premises, one of the sentinels is located in the courtyard, ready to assist those inspecting the building inside and warn the unit about the presence of the enemy. If there are no residents, before entering the house, it is necessary to inspect whether it is mined, whether there are booby traps ("surprises") in the house, etc.
Having not found the enemy in the outermost houses, the patrolmen move along the streets, inspect individual houses to choose from and go to the opposite outskirts of the village, from where they give the conditioned signal “The path is clear.” In a large populated area, as the houses are inspected, the patrol, using courtyards, breaks in the walls and other hidden paths, moves from one block to another.
The river is first examined from the distance from which it is visible. It is necessary to find out from local residents whether there are fortifications that the enemy could build on the approaches to the shore in order to defend the crossings, whether they are defending themselves, whether there is an enemy on the opposite bank, where there are dams, bridges, fords, etc.
If the enemy occupies bridgehead fortifications, then it is necessary to establish his forces and firing points by observation. In the case when the approaches to the river are not defended, the sentinels, by order of the commander, determine the nature of its banks, measure its width and flow speed.
The width of the river is determined by eye, using binoculars, or by measuring (with a rope or wire). If there is no enemy on the opposite bank, the width of the river can be measured by constructing geometric triangles.
To do this, you need to stand on your bank opposite some local object located on the opposite bank near the water. From your location, measure some distance along the shore, for example 50 steps, and notice this point; then measure another distance along the shore equal to half the measured one, i.e. in this case 25 steps. From this place, move away from the shore at a right angle until the previously noticed point is in alignment with an object located on the opposite bank. The distance traveled from the shore, doubled, will be equal to the width of the river.
The speed of the current is determined by the movement of a light object (float) thrown into the river, which will move at the speed of the water flow. For this purpose, count in seconds the time during which the float floats the distance previously measured along the river bank. It is recommended to throw the float into the water further from the shore.
The presence of a ford can be determined by the tracks of carts, cars and other equipment going to the river, and the depth of the river should be measured by directly crossing into the ford, as well as with a pole from a boat or raft.
When inspecting a bridge, it is necessary to determine its load capacity, length and width. Many bridges have a sign indicating their load capacity. Inspection of a bridge previously defended by the enemy should be done carefully. If the bridge is mined, you need to clear it or put up a sign with the inscription “Mined”.
In the event that the enemy is defending the opposite bank, careful observation is organized and measures are taken to find a ford or a new, more advantageous place for crossing.
When inspecting a deep ravine, one of the sentinels conducts reconnaissance along the bottom, the rest move along its edge and observe the surrounding area.
Preparation and adjustment of uniforms and equipment for the march
To move silently, you can use the following methods: on hard ground, place your foot on the toe, on soft ground, on the heel; on grass, raise your legs higher than the grass and carefully lower them onto your heels; move branches apart in bushes and thickets different sides; when fording a small river or other shallow water obstacle, lower your foot into the water from the toe, dragging it forward through the water, do not raise your feet under water, as the water flowing from the shoes makes noise; on viscous marshy soil, move in short and slow steps, carefully lower your feet to the ground with the entire foot, while placing them a little wider than during normal walking.
On the ground with a large number hummocks, holes, craters, personal weapons are more convenient to carry in the “chest” position. This position frees up your hands.
When moving at night, we must not forget that the enemy has night vision sights, as well as radio engineering and radar reconnaissance equipment that can detect moving soldiers. To detect these means, when acting in reconnaissance, you need to take your night sights and other means.
If the enemy illuminates the area, you need to lie down without any command and not move, and continue moving when darkness falls. If the enemy discovered and opened fire, you must throw yourself out of the firing zone.
Lesson 68
DUTIES OF A SOLDIER IN BATTLE
Subject: life safety.
Module 3. Ensuring the military security of the state.
Section 7. Basics of military service.
Chapter 21. Tactical training.
Lesson #68. Responsibilities of a soldier in battle.
Date: "____" _____________ 20___
The lesson was taught by: life safety teacher Khamatgaleev E.R.
Target: consider the duties of a soldier in battle.
Progress of lessons
Class organization.
Greetings. Checking the class roster.
State the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Updating knowledge.
What is modern combat?
What characteristics of modern combined arms combat can you give?
What does tactical training of a soldier include in modern times? Armed Forces Russian Federation?
What is the means of destruction in combat using only conventional weapons?
Checking homework.
Listening to several students' answers to homework (as chosen by the teacher).
Working on new material.
In modern combined arms combat, the role of the soldier increases immeasurably.
The soldier bears personal responsibility for the defense of his Fatherland. He must:
not to spare one’s strength and life itself when performing military duty;
unquestioningly obey commanders (superiors) and protect them in battle;
to protect the battle banner of the unit like the apple of your eye;
fulfill your military duty to the end in battle.
Every soldier is obliged:
know the combat mission of the platoon, your squad (tank) and your mission;
know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially their most vulnerable points;
know the volume and sequence of equipment of fortifications;
constantly monitor, simultaneously detect the enemy and immediately report him to the commander;
act boldly and decisively in the offensive, staunchly and stubbornly in the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, provide assistance to a comrade;
skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of machines;
be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters (Fig. 35), carry out camouflage, overcome obstacles (Fig. 36), obstacles and infection zones;
install and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his planes, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know their most vulnerable spots;
protect the commander in battle, and in the event of his injury or death, boldly take command of the unit.
Conclusions.
A soldier in battle is obliged to fulfill his military duty to the end, not sparing his strength and life itself.
A soldier must know his military equipment and weapons.
The soldier must have a good knowledge of the enemy's military equipment and weapons.
The main task of a soldier in battle is to destroy the enemy with all his might.
Questions.
What are the main responsibilities of a soldier in modern combat?
How should a soldier act on the offensive? Give examples from the history of recent military conflicts.
How should a soldier act in battle?
Why do you think the role of the soldier increases immeasurably in modern combat? Justify your answer.
Assignments.
Prepare a message on the topic “Modern combat using ground forces, missile forces, aviation and tank forces.”
Prepare a message on the topic “The need to improve individual tactical training taking into account the peculiarities of modern combat."
Using the material covered in 10th grade and other literature, write an essay on the topic “Tactical training is the basis of field training, combat hardening, and preparation of units for skillful and coordinated actions in modern combat.”
Additional materials to §68.
Running and crawling in battle
Dashes used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas.
The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and on average should be 20-40 steps.
crawling used for quietly approaching the enemy and covertly overcoming areas of terrain with minor shelters and uneven terrain.
Depending on the situation, terrain and fire, crawling is done on the belly, on all fours and on the side (Fig. 37).
To crawl on your bellies, you need to lie firmly on the ground, right hand take the weapon by the strap near the top swivel and place it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up your right (left) leg and at the same time extend your left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, extend the other arm and continue the movement in the same order.
To crawl on all fours, kneel down and lean on your forearm or hands. Pull your bent right (left) leg under your chest, while simultaneously extending your left (right) arm forward. Move your body forward until your right (left) leg is fully straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other leg under you bent leg, and, extending the other hand, continue moving in the same order. Hold the weapon: when leaning on the forearm in the same way as when crawling on the belly, when leaning on the hands in the right hand.
To crawl on your side, lie on your left side, pulling forward your left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot, rest your heel on the ground as close to yourself as possible; straightening your right leg, move your body forward without changing position, continue moving in the same order. Hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg.
End of lesson.
Homework. Prepare for retelling §68 “The Responsibilities of a Soldier in Battle”; complete tasks (section “Tasks”, p. 336).
Giving and commenting on ratings.
This topic is taught using the lecture method, with sufficient knowledge of the Youth Army members, through the interview method, focusing on the main forms of tactical actions: combat, strike and maneuver.
Fight- the main form of tactical actions of troops, represents strikes, fire and maneuver of formations organized and coordinated in purpose, place and time, military units and units in order to destroy (defeat) the enemy, repel his offensive and carry out other tasks Types of combat:
Combined arms;
Nautical;
Air;
Anti-aircraft.
Components of combat:
The main types of combat operations are defense And offensive . At the beginning of a war, the most important and most common type of combat will be defense.
An offensive can be undertaken after a long or short-term defense, during the transition to a counteroffensive and to develop success.
The types of combat operations are closely related to each other. During combat operations, motorized rifle (tank) units and units can move from one type to another depending on the conditions of the situation and the assigned tasks.
tactical tasks in a limited area for a certain time.
Hit– component operation, battle, hostilities, battle, which consists in the simultaneous defeat of enemy troop groups and ground targets by powerfully attacking them with conventional weapons and troops. Strikes can be: depending on the weapons used and the forces involved - nuclear, fire and military strikes; by means of delivery - missile, artillery and aviation; by the number of participating means and targets - massive, group and single.
Fire- defeating the enemy by firing from various types weapons. It is conducted with the task of destroying, suppressing and exhausting the enemy or destroying his objects. Fire varies:
· on tactical tasks being solved- for destruction, suppression,
destruction, exhaustion, blinding, smoke, lighting;
· by methods of conducting- direct, semi-direct fire, from closed
firing positions, etc.
· by type of weapon- from small arms, grenade launchers, weapons
infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), tanks, artillery, mortars,
anti-tank guided missile systems, anti-aircraft weapons, etc.
· by shooting intensity- single shots, short
or long bursts, continuous, dagger (fire opened
machine guns and machine guns suddenly at close range), salvo fire, etc.
· in the direction of fire- frontal (directed towards the front
target), flank (directed towards the flank of the target) and cross (driven
from two directions or more towards one target)
· by shooting methods- from a place, from a stop (from a short stop), on the move, from the side, with dispersion in depth, over an area, etc.
· by type of fire- for a separate target, concentrated, barrage, multi-layered, multi-tiered, etc.
The enemy can be defeated by fire from individual firing points or by concentrated fire from a unit.
Defeat armored vehicles and enemy personnel
achieved by using anti-tank and anti-personnel mines
When repelling an armed invasion of the enemy, for timely
opening fire on his suddenly appearing low-flying aircraft,
helicopters and other airborne targets, each unit is assigned one or more fire weapons on duty. Depending on the situation, these air targets can be hit by concentrated fire from the unit.
Maneuver- organized movement of troops during battle in order to occupy an advantageous position in relation to the enemy and create the necessary grouping of forces and means, as well as transfer or redirection (massing, distribution) of strikes and fire for the most effective defeat of the enemy.
Maneuvering units, strikes and fire allows you to seize and maintain the initiative, thwart the enemy's plans and successfully conduct battle in a changed environment.
The maneuver must be simple in concept and performed quickly, covertly and unexpectedly for the enemy. It should be based on the timely and most complete use of the results of fire defeat of the enemy.
Types of maneuver are envelopment, detour, retreat, and maneuver by strikes and fire.
Coverage- a maneuver carried out by the forces and means of military units (subunits) in order to reach the enemy’s flank. Coverage is carried out in close tactical and fire cooperation,
Bypass- a deep maneuver performed in order to release the forces and means of military units (subunits) to strike the enemy from the rear. The encirclement is carried out in tactical cooperation with troops advancing from the front, and sometimes with tactical airborne assault.
Departure- a maneuver carried out deliberately or forcedly, in order to withdraw the forces and means of one’s military units and subunits from the attacks of superior enemy forces, gain time and occupy a more advantageous line (area). Retreat is carried out only with permission or by order of the senior commander.
Maneuver with blows and fire consists in their simultaneous or sequential massing (concentration) on the most important enemy targets or in distribution (dispersal) to destroy several targets, as well as in retargeting them at new targets.
Objective of the lesson: Introduce students to the basic responsibilities of a soldier in combat.
Time: 2 hours
Lesson type: combined
Educational and visual complex: life safety textbook, grade 10, combat regulations of the ground forces, presentation
PROGRESS OF THE LESSON
I. Introductory part
* Monitoring student knowledge:
— What is modern combat?
— What characteristics of modern combined arms combat can you give?
— What does the tactical training of a soldier include in the modern Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
— What is the means of destruction in battle using only conventional weapons?
II. Main part
- announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson
— explanation of new material : § 62, pp. 294-297
In modern combined arms combat, the role of the soldier increases immeasurably.
The soldier bears personal responsibility for the defense of his Fatherland.
He must:
- not to spare one’s strength and life itself when performing military duty;
- unquestioningly obey commanders (superiors) and protect them in battle;
- to protect the battle banner of the unit like the apple of your eye;
- fulfill your military duty to the end in battle.
Every soldier is obliged:
- know the combat mission of the platoon, your squad (tank) and your mission;
- know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially their vulnerabilities;
- know the volume and sequence of equipment of fortifications;
- constantly monitor, simultaneously detect the enemy and immediately report him to the commander;
- act boldly and decisively in the offensive, staunchly and stubbornly in the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, provide assistance to a comrade;
- skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of machines;
- be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, carry out camouflage, overcome barriers, obstacles and infection zones;
- install and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines;
- be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his planes, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know the most vulnerable spots;
- protect the commander in battle, and in the event of his injury or death, boldly take command of the unit.
Additional material.(For the second lesson on this topic)
Running and crawling in battle.
Dashes used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas.
The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and on average should be 20-40 steps.
crawling used to quietly approach the enemy and covertly overcome areas of terrain with insignificant shelters and uneven terrain.
Depending on the situation, the terrain and the fire, crawling is done on the belly, on all fours and on the side.
For crawling on your belly you need to lie firmly on the ground, with your right hand take the weapon by the belt near the top swivel and place it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up your right (left) leg and at the same time extend your left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, extend the other arm and continue the movement in the same order.
For crawling on all fours kneel down and lean on your forearm or hands. Pull your bent right (left) leg under your chest, while simultaneously extending your left (right) arm forward. Move your body forward until your right (left) leg is completely straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other bent leg under you, and, extending the other arm, continue the movement in the same order. Hold the weapon: when leaning on the forearm in the same way as when crawling on the belly, when leaning on the hands in the right hand.
For crawling on your side lie on your left side, pulling forward left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot, rest your heel on the ground as close to yourself as possible; straightening your right leg, move your body forward without changing position, continue moving in the same order. Hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg.
Conclusions:
- A soldier in battle is obliged to fulfill his military duty to the end, not to spare his strength and life itself.
- A soldier must know his military equipment and weapons well.
- The soldier must have a good knowledge of the enemy's military equipment and weapons.
- The main task of a soldier in battle is to destroy the enemy with all his might.
III. Fixing the material:
— What are the main responsibilities of a soldier in modern combat?
— How should a soldier act on the offensive?
— How should a soldier act in battle?
— Why do you think the role of the soldier increases immeasurably in modern combat?
Justify your answer.
- IV. Lesson summary
- V. Homework: 62, pp. 294-297. Assignment: Prepare a message on the topic: “The need
improving individual tactical training, taking into account
features of modern combat."
