About the author: Kachan Alexander Ivanovich – 56 years old. Coach - teacher of the football department of the "Annenki" Youth Sports School in Kaluga, teacher physical culture MBOU Secondary School No. 41, who in the past played for many years in the teams of masters in Kaluga, winner of the “Millions Cup” Soviet Union among production teams, twice winner of the RSFSR Cup among KFK., repeated winner among teams of masters of the 2nd league of Soviet football.
Previously, boys came to football with 5-6 years of street football experience, and training began on the basis of original motor and gaming skills acquired on the street. Now training has to start from a very early age and practically from scratch. Such comparisons provide enough reason to be convinced that the level of physical and, especially, gaming development of boys of past years was significantly higher than the current generation.
Modern football is both speedy and strong, and this is the result of continuous development from simple to complex, from known to unknown. No matter how difficult the exercise may be, it eventually becomes accessible and easy thanks to gradual and consistent training. And from the complex there is only one way - to even more complex. Brilliant is always simple.
Children's profession football coach multifaceted. He is a teacher and educator, a researcher and experimenter, a master of his craft not only by profession, but by vocation. If a child does not have or lacks football knowledge, the problem is small. Knowledge is acquired. If there are no natural abilities, the difficulty is irreparable. It is very important to identify these abilities in early age child. Then there will be more time for their development and, accordingly, the results of your work and the child’s work will be obvious.
Symbolically, we can define the five commandments of a children's football coach.
1.Football is a game. Therefore, a lesson in children's football should be similar to a game.
2. Talent is something that cannot be taught. Therefore, education should begin not with training, but with the development of natural abilities.
3. Heredity determines potential capabilities, and environment determines the extent to which these capabilities can be realized.
4. Football is one of the most difficult sports to learn. It is impossible to teach playing with exercises alone. Exercise is theory, game is practice.
5. The identity of each boy is an expression of his unique characteristics, which is precisely what is valued in the game.
The work of a children's coach begins with selection, and even more often with recruitment, and already in the process of training, the coach decides which components and factors need to be paid attention to. Many years of observations and practical experience have shown that selection should not be based on acquired, but primarily on the psychophysiological characteristics of the child. What natural qualities should a boy have in order to learn to play football? At the initial stage, the criterion that determines game thinking should be at the forefront.
The English professor G. Aizenkov, the creator of tests to determine intellectual development, wrote in his book “Test Your Abilities”: “We can say that by mental abilities we mean that innate property nervous system, which allows one person to think, to solve intellectual problems better than another."
The recruiting method for a football section or a football school should be through games. If in a game a boy shows a tendency to intercept, play without the ball, make timely backups, make decisions before receiving the ball, then he most likely has the ability to develop game thinking.
Selection stages.
Currently, they rely to a greater extent on recruiting children into primary training groups from a very early age (5-6 years old) and then in the process of training, the actual selection of what appears to be the most promising children is carried out. But talent can only be judged by observing children or at some intuitive level. Life has shown more than once how the one who was initially weaker became stronger, and the one who was successful in the game was overtaken by the one who was lagging behind.
The pace of development of a young football player depends not only on the quality of training, but also on innate data, the initial level of which varies from boy to boy. Meaning physical development child. At a certain age, physical development seems to be of decisive importance in determining a child’s capabilities as a football player, and here the main thing for a coach is not to make a mistake. He must determine the level of capabilities of a child whose physical development is slightly delayed. How to do this?
There is a general scheme of formulas for selection criteria, these are three indicators of a child’s characteristics: Speed, Courage (or this is called differently - fighting qualities) and thinking. There is also a feature - skill (i.e. the child already has the skills of playing football to some extent, but as we decided earlier - this skill is acquired.
So, speed is an innate quality. Since modern football is fast, this quality is one of the main criteria for selection. Courage or fighting qualities? Football is not only fast, but also power-based, martial arts take place throughout the entire area of the football field, which means this criterion is also of no small importance. And finally, thinking in modern football is also important. Conclusion: if a child has the makings of all these qualities, then he is accepted unconditionally. This is the perfect formula. What to do if one of these qualities is missing? This is not a problem, of course, the child must be accepted and the missing quality must be worked on and developed to a greater extent. But if more than one is missing, very often the work is wasted. What can be considered an indicator is courage: if a boy throws himself under the blow of the ball and does not turn his back, if, when approaching an opponent, he does not slow down and boldly goes into contact, if he does not wait, but immediately enters into single combat and forces the opponent to make mistakes with his actions, if without hesitation, he takes the initiative to dribble and shoot at goal. These are fighting qualities.
Indicators of gaming abilities.
With the ball: 1. Tendency to dribble
2.Passing game
3. Non-standard, original actions.
Without the ball: 1.Selection of position
2.Insurance
3. Playing on interception, advance, finishing
4. Ability to open up
5. Decision of the action before receiving the ball.
There are also indicators of so-called moral and volitional qualities - systematic attendance, stability of hard work. The content of the training process at the first stage consists of two sections:
1.Game and development physical qualities through ball exercises. The essence of these exercises is the psychological effect that arises due to positive emotions from physical exercise with the ball. And this is very important in childhood and adolescence.
2. The essence of the methodology for developing original skills is to independently perform the proposed exercises. There is no need to immediately correct or teach how to perform certain motor actions. Movement technique is primarily the repeated repetition of exercises. It’s good if the child himself comes to correct execution movement techniques.
For the first year of study the program is offered:
Name
Sep.Oct.Nb.Dec.Jan.Feb.MarchApril.MayJuneJul.Aug.
TheoryConversations:
Development of original skills Motor Dribbling the ball
Transfers
GamesFootball on ¼ field
Mini football in the hall
Handball with football elements
Outdoor games and relay races
Duration of training - 60 minutes
A) special motor skills - 15 minutes
B) Gaming skills - 40 minutes
C) Information about football and the rules of the game – 5 minutes
The basis of the technique of playing football is learning to dribble the ball, hitting the ball
Goal side, stopping the ball and passing. Since children start playing football at a very early age, there is no need to talk about any gaming skills. Everything starts from scratch and you need to give the simplest exercises. But at the same time, children must learn from the very beginning that:
When dribbling: 1. You need to watch the ball with peripheral vision (children will understand faster when you tell them to look “out of the corner of their eye”)
2.When dribbling, you need to touch the ball as often as possible.
3. You need to dribble the ball with both your right and left foot.
When hitting: 1. You need to look at the ball, and mentally determine the trajectory of the ball.
2. You need to tense the muscles of both the supporting leg and the kicking leg (the slightest relaxation of the muscle can lead to injury)
3. Hit the ball with the hardest part ankle joint, lifting (and for this you need to learn to pull back the toes)
When stopping: 1. You need to learn to determine the trajectory of the ball.
2. When touching the ball, you need to learn not only to relax the muscles, but also to help with a yielding movement of a part of the body that dampens the speed of the flying ball.
3. You need to be able to stop the ball with all (except your hands) parts of your body.
All techniques are learned through repeated repetitions.
When dribbling the ball, you need to move in a straight line, changing directions, in a circle, around yourself. Touch the ball while pulling your toe back as you dribble in a straight line. Touch the ball outside and inside feet - when changing direction of movement. Move with the ball, shifting it from foot to foot. Dribble the ball around obstacles (posts, chips, opponent).
You can dribble the ball on your own, in pairs, in threes (while also making passes to each other).
Kicks are the most favorite exercise for beginning football players. There used to be an expression: “Whoever hits the hardest plays the best.” To some extent, this statement is not far from the truth. The one who masters this faster technical technique will have advantages both in passing and scoring goals for the opponent.
First you need to start teaching hitting a stationary ball, but the greatest effect of training is hitting a rolling ball. The whole beauty of the game of football and the skills of the players themselves is in movement. Although in modern football, goals from set pieces have no less effect than goals from the field.
Football, like all other sports, has its own coordination of movements associated with very frequent and sharp changes in the direction of movement. Therefore, special football movements, even without a ball, need to be taught from the very beginning and this is best done in the form of games or relay races, maybe some kind of competitions, when children get excited and show the greatest effort. At the same time, it is very useful to encourage them with praise, even if the child or his team is in at the moment turned out to be weaker than her opponent.
The game of football includes concepts such as: technical training, physical training, tactical training And psychological preparation. Taken together, these types of training are called “footballer’s school.” At the initial stage of training (in groups initial training) technical and physical preparation predominate to a greater extent than tactical and psychological preparation. Tactical tasks are mainly solved individually by each beginning football player, and psychological preparation is carried out automatically directly in the game or competitive tournament. We considered mainly the first two types of preparation. Group, tactical and psychological tasks are mastered at an older age.
It's no secret that football is the most... popular look sport attracts a considerable number of teenagers. Ever since the days of yard games, boys (and sometimes girls) begin to dream about becoming a football player. However, it is worth remembering that not everyone is destined to become real professionals, not to mention the legends of world football. In this article we will tell you how to take the first steps towards your cherished dream, and also discuss some of the nuances of the profession.
Where do they teach?
To begin with, it is worth saying that the profession of a football player cannot be mastered at any university, institute or college. Start sports career can provide schools at football clubs, children's and youth sports schools With football sections, as well as private for-profit schools. As practice shows, the most effective option is the first option – attending classes at schools affiliated with football clubs.
In Moscow this opportunity is provided by:
- Sports school "Torpedo" (trainings are held at the Luzhniki stadium)
- Academy "Spartak" named after Fyodor Cherenkov and others.
At what age should you start?
Many experts consider the appropriate age for becoming a future defender, forward or goalkeeper to be 6-8 years old. Since that time, young football players with special achievements are allowed to compete and can play for the club’s children’s division. But if you missed the desired age a little, you shouldn’t despair. You can enroll in a football school at any age. At the same time, however, it is worth considering that what older child, the more difficult entrance tests await him. Plus, the process of adapting to a new regime at an older age is more difficult.
What to take?
The entrance tests themselves (if any) are most often aimed at identifying qualities such as agility, endurance, reaction speed, mobility and others. In addition, the program often includes tests similar to school standards. It is also important general condition the child’s health, which is assessed by the commission before the start of classes. Based on the results of selective tests, the coach chooses a position on the field that is more suitable for the future athlete.
How much does it cost?
In most cases, training in football schools at clubs is free, but it is better to clarify this issue in advance. Don’t forget that only the classes themselves are free. But you will have to spend some money on equipment, for example, special boots and other must-haves for football players.
What are the prospects?
Football players' salaries are perhaps the most discussed aspect of the profession. It is directly dependent on the league they play in, their performance, as well as their location in sports ratings.
The salaries of football players in the FPN depend on the financial condition of the club. On average, players at this level can count on 300-600 thousand rubles per month. The lowest salaries in professional football in Russia are received in the PFL - in the third most important tournament or in the second division. The average salary is 100-120 thousand rubles per month. However, the least wealthy and promising clubs are ready to pay their players no more than 70 thousand rubles per month.
Anya Sotnikova
The best forges of talent in Russian football - in the material on the site.
Spartak Football Academy named after F.F. Cherenkova
City: Moscow
Website: spartak.com/main/academy
Graduates: Egor Titov, Dmitry Torbinsky, Pavel Pogrebnyak, Alexander Samedov, Artem Dzyuba, Pavel Yakovlev, Sergey Parshivlyuk.
Behind the Spartak Academy great story, which was started by Nikolai Starostin in 1936. The “red-white” football school keeps up with the times: it constantly plays against peers from England, Italy, Spain, Germany, and performs at various international tournaments. Youth team Spartak traditionally takes first place in the reserves championship Russian Premier League, and home-grown players are successfully progressing and playing key roles in the main team. Now the Spartak Academy is constantly recruiting boys born in 1995-2005, and honored Spartak veterans are always present at unique castings. To show yourself, you only need to have nothing: a medical certificate and a weather uniform. In 2009, Spartak opened a new football complex in Sokolniki with three fields, seven locker rooms, gym, a bathhouse and a special hall for theoretical classes.
Academy "Krasnodar"
City: Krasnodar
Website: fckrasnodar.ru/academy
Graduates: -
The approach to work of Krasnodar businessman Sergei Galitsky is a new word in Russian football. A successful entrepreneur created Krasnodar in 2008, and now this team is a strong middle peasant in the Premier League, but, what is much more important, the main direction of the club’s activity is the development of young talents. According to experts, sports complex Academy "Krasnodar" is in no way inferior to its European counterparts. Two indoor arena, eight fields with natural grass, two with synthetic grass, a stadium with 3 thousand seats, a full-fledged secondary school - all conditions have been created for the fastest possible progress. Among the stated features of the Krasnodar system of development of football players: lack of specialization in positions up to 14-15 years old, lack of monotony in training process, completing the comprehensive development of technology up to 13 years of age, encouraging creativity. So far, the Krasnodar Academy has no famous graduates, which has a completely logical explanation - senior team consists of guys born in 1995.
Zenit Academy
City: Saint Petersburg
Website: fc-zenit.ru/academy/academy_main
Graduates: Igor Denisov, Andrey Arshavin, Vyacheslav Malafeev, Alexander Kerzhakov, Vladimir Bystrov, Maxim Kanunnikov
The Zenit Academy was created on the basis of the famous St. Petersburg children's and youth football school "Smena", which operated since 1968. The skills of training qualified personnel bear fruit to this day, resulting in the development of a number of players of the main Russian national team, without whom it is difficult to imagine bronze success teams for Euro 2008. The Zenit Academy has a wide network of branches in which open training sessions are constantly held, where everyone can show themselves. The selection service constantly monitors the work of schools and invites the players they like to the main academy. You can also attract the attention of the St. Petersburg talent forge by using a questionnaire indicating your details and the upcoming matches in which you will take part. There are three types in the academy training sessions: technical and tactical, theoretical and psychological, physical training. Academy teams of all ages use a 4-3-3 formation with minor variations.
NOU TsSO "Lokomotiv"
City: Moscow
Website: school.fclm.ru
Graduates: Diniyar Bilyaletdinov, Alexander Kokorin, Taras Burlak, Alexey Sapogov, Andrey Pazin, Inal Getigezhev, Anton Kochenkov, Alexey Miranchuk
Now the Loko Academy organizes tryouts for players born in 2001-2007. For older guys, in order to get to the tryout, they need to send a special questionnaire by mail, which the selection service will analyze and, possibly, invite the footballer to the tryout. Nonresident players can count on housing and meals in a boarding school and school. The Lokomotiv Academy has produced many qualified personnel who are in leading roles in Russian Premier League clubs and, naturally, in Loko itself. A striking example is Alexey Miranchuk. The 17-year-old midfielder, who did not have time to finish school, managed to integrate into the tactical formations of Slaven Bilic and in the spring he became almost a key figure in the schemes of the Croatian specialist.
Academy "Dynamo" Moscow named after. Yashina
City: Moscow
Website: academydinamo.ru
Graduates: Dmitry Kombarov, Kirill Kombarov, Fedor Smolov, Anton Shunin,
Since 2011, the Dynamo Academy has been named after the great goalkeeper Lev Yashin, who became a real role model for the younger generations of football players. Among the last famous graduates of the school, it is worth highlighting Dmitry and Kirill Kombarov, who were rejected by the Spartak Academy, but found themselves in the camp of the “blue and white”. The “red and whites” realized their mistake late and parted with a significant amount of money in order to return the twins to the team. Dynamo Academy provides a unique opportunity for high school students to train alongside the main and youth team at the training base in Novogorsk. For non-residents there is a boarding school with all the necessary conditions for professional development. Classes are held all year round in the Dynamo arena.
Photo: spartak.com, fclm.ru, fc-zenit.ru, fckrasnodar.ru, academydinamo.ru
The education of young athletes, in particular football players, is an integral and fundamental part of the work of most domestic professional league clubs. The development of the CSKA Academy is a priority area of activity for the CSKA team. The school creates optimal conditions so that the maximum possible number of children go through all stages of development on the way to the youth and main teams.
General information
The CSKA Academy was founded in 1954 as a training group for young football players under the CDSA team. In 1970, the division was reorganized into a children's and youth department. Since 2001, the group has been part of the structure of PFC CSKA.
The youth sports school trains young athletes in 13 age categories, the total number of students is about 400 people. Main groups:
- Recruitment class.
- Initial training group.
- Educational and training teams.
- Category sports improvement.
- Youth team.
Gaming competitions
Starting from the educational and training stage, young athletes participate in various tournaments and competitions. Youth group plays in the Club League for the Russian Federation Championship among sports and football schools of the PFC of the Moscow region. Guys from the sports improvement group also participate in the Robert Fulda Cup Tournament. Junior squads try their hand at matches for Federation prizes. The team is represented by two squads. Also, teams of different ages play in international tournaments.
Recruitment to the CSKA football academy
Every March, April and September football academy"Army" is recruiting boys aged 6-11 years. For viewing, which takes place on the fields of the school, you need medical certificate child, sports uniform and birth certificate. Information about the time and place of collection is preliminarily posted on the official website in the “Announcements” column. The selection of candidates is carried out in two stages, which we will consider in more detail.
First stage of competitive selection
For an objective assessment, at least two specialists from the CSKA Academy are involved. Tests are carried out in the following mode:
- Gymnastic exercises (warm-up). At this stage, the development of flexibility, dexterity and coordination of the applicant is tested.
- Game test 15x15, or “magpie-crow”. Chips are placed on the corners and sides of the playing square in an amount exceeding the number of participants by 4. The “forty” team is placed behind the square, and the “crows” inside it. The Magpies must guard the chips, preventing their opponents from stealing them, while not entering the square and trying to pick off other players approaching the chips. The Crows must pick up the chips without leaving the square. The stolen elements are stacked in the center of the square. "Magpie", which was salted by "raven", leaves the game, just like their opponent, who entered the square. The team that collects the most chips in the allotted time wins. Teams are divided into 5-6 players, and reaction speed, dexterity, and game thinking are monitored during the process.
- Simplified handball. The next test at the CSKA Academy is carried out on a platform measuring 20x15 meters. Teams of 5-6 people play handball. At the same time, it is prohibited to take more than 5 steps with the ball, to be rude and to carry out painful holds and holds. Here experts observe game aggressiveness, speed, team thinking and agility.
- Mini football. Two teams of 5-6 people play mini-football. The same qualities are assessed as in the previous test.
- A three/quarter lap race around the stadium. Volitional indicators are tracked and summed up with the scores of passed tests.
Evaluation after the first stage
At the CSKA Football Academy, after passing the first test, the possibility of enrolling applicants is considered, taking into account all the completed tasks. The number of accepted guys should slightly exceed the permissible norm. Then, interviews and questionnaires are conducted with young athletes.
Assessment of tasks is carried out according to the “+” or “-” principle. The first meaning applies to guys who show good abilities or compensate for their shortcomings through other achievements. A minus means lack of initiative, weak will and physical qualities.
The main criteria assessed are: game thinking, sports aggressiveness and fighting parameters, strong-willed qualities.
The second stage of final admission to the CSKA football academy
At this stage, the student undergoes a probationary period, which can last from several months to two years. During this period, the degree of each boy's ability is assessed. The test is carried out at the beginning and at the end of the term.
- 30 meter run.
- Jumping test.
- Agility tests.
- Monitoring the development of playful thinking.
- Testing of sports aggressiveness.
Based on the observations of the CSKA football academy coach and test results, the growth of the young athlete and his ability to learn are assessed. Then conclusions are drawn about the child’s further stay in the group. The main tests are selected individually by trainers, taking into account age characteristics applicants. The main task is to record and compare the final and initial indicators.
Infrastructure
On the territory of the CSKA Academy in Moscow there are two football fields equipped with modern artificial turf. There is a natural lawn for the children at the Oktyabr stadium. In addition, the school infrastructure includes a fitness center, a games room for training in the winter, a medical rehabilitation complex, and a swimming pool. In winter, classes are also held in the Army Men's physical therapy arena.
There is a boarding school for non-resident students. It is home to about 50 young athletes from various regions of the country. Medical observation and examination of students is carried out by leading clinics in the capital, whose specialists serve the first and youth teams.
Let's summarize
It has long been recognized throughout the world that talents in any field of human activity are born everywhere in almost uniform quantities. To identify and develop abilities, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions. The CSKA football school is trying to discover talent in this sport. Security optimal conditions for the development of capable young athletes - the key to a successful future of domestic football.
In parallel with the good organization of classes and the educational and training process, adequate and correct selection should be carried out. The imperfection of some methods or the subjective underestimation of the capabilities of young men leads to sad consequences for both the student and the sport. Today, the base of the PFC CSKA Academy has an excellent material and technical basis that allows it to realize opportunities at a high professional level.
