One of the latest inventions of 2017 in the field of electrical myostimulation is EMS trainer, exercise machine for the abdominal muscles, thighs and arms. This is a relatively inexpensive exercise machine that is designed to stimulate muscles without resorting to physical activity or going to the gym. sports club. But is it worth it?
Why do you need an EMS simulator?
The EMS trainer stimulates muscles through electric current, which is a method of forced contraction. Electrical impulses cause muscles to work in a passive state, without stress and additional equipment. This method is intended for toning problem areas at home.
What does the manufacturer recommend to do and what results does the manufacturer promise?
The method of operation is very simple, the petals of the EMS myostimulator are attached to the problem area, for example, on the stomach. The wireless device starts with one button and produces electrical impulses, which pass through the skin to the muscles. Such stimulation, in a way, is a substitute.
Within a week, the promised muscle strengthening (tone) will occur, and after 1-1.5 months of stimulation, the desired results will be achieved.
A little history of the invention
In the 50-60s, in the field of sports medicine of the Soviet Union, a technique was developed based on the use of electrical myostimulation of muscles in the training of athletes. The goal of the development is to increase strength by stimulating muscles with current. Later, in the 70s, this technique came to Western countries, where further study of the mechanisms of action of electromyostimulation on human muscles took place. Later, EMS found its application in rehabilitation centers, where bedridden patients were stimulated atrophied muscles and maintained their vitality and weight. In the nineties, this technique came out of the field of rehabilitation to the masses of healthy people, and became an object of income for companies producing exercise machines for stimulating muscles without leaving home.
Pros and cons
Here are the results that The manufacturer promises:
- muscle strengthening;
- height muscle mass;
- fat burning;
- correction of problem areas and achieving the correct proportions;
- reduction of cellulite.
From the history of the appearance of this type of exercise equipment, it is clear that electrical stimulation helps maintain muscle tone, or overcome atrophy caused by the patient’s immobile lifestyle. Studies have confirmed the positive effect of electrical stimulation on muscles, increasing their strength, maintaining mass, and preventing further destruction of fibers.
But not a single experiment revealed an effect on combustion subcutaneous fat, therefore, a reduction in cellulite, but no effect on muscle growth was also detected. Therefore, most qualities were invented to attract more clients among men and women. From this it follows:
- for– tone, strengthen and increase muscle strength;
- against– a promise to burn fat and gain muscle mass.
Contraindications to the use of the EMS trainer myostimulator
The fact that the simulator works in a calm state of a person, without resorting to loads, does not mean that there are no contraindications for its use. The simulator is prohibited when:
- diseases and inflammatory processes of the abdominal organs;
- heart disease, including the presence of pacemakers;
- during pregnancy;
- for bone fractures and problems with the spine.
And also the use of the simulator forbidden for viral, oncological, skin diseases and mental disorders.
How to use the EMS ab exercise machine?
Before using the machine, you must cleanse your skin problem area, dry it from moisture, and even remove unwanted hair so that the exercise machine adheres well to the skin. The original EMS trainer comes with a special gel, which is applied to the petals of the trainer and ensures good current conductivity.
The simulator has 15 modes that can be easily selected according to the sensations, depending on the desired effect. To start stimulation, you only need to press one on/off button and select the intensity of the load. After 15 or 25 minutes training, the simulator must be turned off. It must be rinsed under running water, removing any remaining gel, and dried. And the skin should be cleaned and treated with an antiseptic.
Even the manufacturers recommend combining EMS training with physical activity, complementing, and even additional crunches for the press. In any case, without dynamic movements you cannot achieve a visible effect. Myostimulation can complement strength training, preparation for competitions to avoid excessive muscle fatigue under constant loads. Thus, EMS can be performed on rest days as relaxation and unloading.
Conclusion
On forums and even thematic sites you can find many positive feedback, including those praising the effect of EMS on weight growth, fat burning, etc. These are all paid reviews, written specifically to advertise the product and increase sales.
Not a single experienced athlete will confirm such a magical spectrum of action of a myostimulator, knowing that fat burning is facilitated by an increase in heart rate - the work of the heart, and the duration of the load, which is far from twenty minutes.
We can say that stimulation is suitable for unprepared people who need to recover from illness, or during hospitalization (taking into account contraindications). But we cannot talk about a complete replacement of physical activity (voluntary reduction). Think carefully about the feasibility of the purchase, know that by playing sports you can achieve best results.
Video: description of the EMS trainer using the example of Amplitrain
The human body is capable of self-healing, but sometimes (after injuries, surgeries) this can take quite a long time. For successful and faster recovery in medicine, various are used. Therefore, we will further analyze what electrical stimulation of the back muscles is, how it is useful and how it is carried out.
The technique is widely used for the rehabilitation of patients after various types of dysfunction. nervous system, with muscle hypertonicity.
Why is the procedure useful?
The benefits of current stimulation sessions are obvious. So, Using this technology allows you to achieve the following results:
The procedure shows high results in therapy
- Prevention of atrophy muscle tissue.
- Restoration of nutrition processes and elimination of metabolic products.
- Reducing pain of any localization.
- Increased adaptation and muscle fatigue limit.
- Promoting the process of tissue regeneration.
Regular stimulation also ensures recovery " feedback"with the cerebral cortex.
Thanks to this, the nervous regulation of muscle tissue contractions is gradually restored. This is a great achievement in the treatment of severe pathologies (paralysis, paresis).
Devices for the procedure
All devices for electrical muscle stimulation have a main unit in which a current of the required frequency and strength is generated, as well as electrodes attached to the body.
Reference. Each device has different operating modes necessary for a specific muscle group.
Devices are divided into several types according to their purpose:
- professional- used in medicine and cosmetology;
- low-power- intended for use at home.
Devices are also distinguished based on the nature of the outgoing currents:
- "Amplipulse-4.5", "Stimul-1"- for recovery and stimulation of muscles using sinusoidal currents of high frequencies, modulated by low frequencies.
- "Neuropulse", "UEI-1"- used for reduced electrical excitability of muscles. Currents flow in rectified mode.
Various devices have been developed for stimulating muscles with current.
There are many other devices in medicine, each of which has its own application features: “NET”, “Tonus-1”, “Myovolna”, etc.
Electrical stimulation at home
The technique is quite simple to perform, so you can perform electrical muscle stimulation at home.
The session flow includes several stages and looks like this:
Can be used at home
- the electrodes are moistened with water and placed on the affected muscle tissue and secured with bandages;
- wires are connected;
- a suitable program is launched on the device;
- the current strength increases in stages, 3-4 minutes after the start of the electric shock, until muscle contractions are felt;
- after the end of the session, the device is turned off and the electrodes are removed;
- The skin in the area where the electrodes are applied is treated with a tonic to moisturize.
It is imperative to study the instructions for the electrical muscle stimulator, which will ensure the correctness of the procedure and the effectiveness of the treatment. If the technique of performing sessions is not followed, side effects may develop.
How often can the procedures be done?
How often can you do electrical muscle stimulation?? Treatment with a similar physiotherapeutic method is carried out 2-3 times a week, however, it is possible to conduct a session every other day (depending on the indications).
Reference. The therapeutic course includes 10-20 sessions.
The duration of the procedure should be approximately 20-40 minutes. A repeat course can be taken no earlier than 1 month after the previous one.
Side effects
There are practically no side effects
There are practically no side effects of electrical muscle stimulation.
The only thing that can be noted is a feeling of muscle discomfort during the session and after it.
Also, an inflammatory reaction may occur at the points of contact between the skin and the electrodes.
In order to avoid such undesirable reactions from the body, the patient must monitor his well-being during sessions. If discomfort occurs, even minor, the patient should inform the doctor.
The list of contraindications to electrical muscle stimulators is extensive. When prescribing therapy, it must be taken into account by the doctor.
Important! The procedure may accelerate the progression of some diseases, leading to undesirable consequences.
It is prohibited to carry out the procedure in the presence of the following circumstances and diseases:
Has a large list of contraindications
- oncology;
- infectious diseases;
- arterial hypertension;
- epilepsy;
- hyperthyroidism;
- blood pathologies;
- heart failure above degree 2;
- active form of rheumatism
- presence of pacemakers;
- formations of a benign nature;
- atrial fibrillation;
- phlebitis, thrombophlebitis;
- violations of the integrity of the skin (abrasions, wounds, cuts);
- condition after suturing muscles, tendons, nerves (for 1 month).
This method of treatment should not be used in pregnant women., since the procedures can cause an increase in uterine tone, which can result in miscarriage or premature birth (depending on the stage of pregnancy).
Conclusion
Therapy for pathologies of the nervous and muscular system is impossible without physiotherapeutic techniques. Among the variety of procedures, electrical stimulation is the most active and shows high results in treatment.
Electrical muscle stimulation is often used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. The procedure has two purposes. First of all, the effect is aimed at eliminating pain. At the same time, restoration is carried out muscle activity. Next, we will consider this procedure in more detail. The article will also describe some devices for electrical muscle stimulation.
General information
Electrical muscle stimulation is performed using special equipment. It is equipped with electrodes that are connected using wires. A device for electrical muscle stimulation sends current to the elements. Through electrodes, impulses are distributed into muscle tissue. As a result, a motor or sensory reaction appears.
Electrode placement methods
They are placed on the surface of the skin, over specific muscles. There are two options for placing elements. The first is to place one electrode on a healthy area, and the second on the affected one. In the second case, the elements are placed on both sides of the problem area. The negative polarity that surrounds the damaged area promotes healing. It stimulates tissue formation, thus accelerating recovery processes.
Indications and contraindications
Electrical stimulation is recommended for the prevention of muscle atrophy, stimulation of the muscles of the thighs, large fibers of the anterior wall of the peritoneum with cellulite. Procedures are used to reduce overweight and figure correction. Electrical stimulation is recommended for deterioration of blood circulation (peripheral venous and arterial), decreased tone, and lymphatic drainage. The procedure is not prescribed if you are pregnant or have an intrauterine pacemaker. Electrical stimulation is contraindicated in cases of nervousness or after operations.
Relieving pain
There are two opinions about how electrical muscle stimulation relieves pain. According to the gate theory, the first hypothesis, signals from the affected area are sent to the brain through nerves. However, most of the impulses go through the "gate". Signals during electrical stimulation also pass through them. As a result, the nerves transmitting the pain impulse are blocked. According to another theory, electrical stimulation of muscles causes the brain to produce natural painkillers - enkephalins and endorphins. It has been established that after low-frequency exposure the content of these compounds increases.
Impact on atrophy
The decrease can accompany a variety of pathologies. Electrical muscle stimulation is often used to slow or prevent this process. The impulses sent by the device for electrical muscle stimulation help maintain the activity of weakened muscles.
Therapy for osteoarthritis
This pathology is caused by the degradation of articular tissues. Studies have found that electrical stimulation is very effective technique in the treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthritis in this area of the lower limb, as well as after surgery and joint replacement. Pulsing may help strengthen the knee extensors, which provides better mobility of the segment.
Prevention of bedsores
This problem is considered quite common for bedridden patients confined to bed. Staying in this position for a long time puts strong and constant pressure on certain areas of the body. Electrical stimulation of the buttocks helps prevent deformities and bedsores.
Tissue repair
Electrical muscle stimulation is actively used on fibers that do not contract sufficiently. This kind of effect is shown when various states, however, it is most often prescribed to patients who have had a stroke or orthopedic surgery. Often such patients experience serious difficulties when trying to make movements. When the electrodes are placed correctly, the electrical signal from the device is sent to the muscles and the fibers can begin to contract without the patient's intervention. During this artificially induced reaction, the patient also tries to contract the muscles. As a result, the procedures help the brain again “learn” to coordinate muscle activity on its own.
Electrical muscle stimulation: expert reviews
Despite the fact that various activities are periodically carried out to study the effects of electric shock, its effectiveness remains in question. In some studies, the procedure produces almost no results at all. Often, electrical stimulation of muscles acts as alternative method due to insufficient evidence of its benefits. However, there are experts who indicate the effectiveness of the procedures. Thus, in one study conducted in 2014, which involved patients with severe and moderate muscle pain, it was found that exposure to electric shock contributed to a significant decrease in the intensity of sensations. It should be noted that research into the effectiveness of the procedures is still ongoing.
Electrical muscle stimulation for children
In pediatrics, electric shock is often used. A procedure such as electrical muscle stimulation is not contraindicated for children, but has its own characteristics. First of all, you should be careful not to exceed the duration of exposure. Electrical stimulation of the lower leg muscles is prescribed for children with reduced tone. Due to the pulse effect, blood circulation is stimulated and muscle activity is restored. Electrical stimulation of the lower leg muscles is recommended for children with flat feet.
Benefits of exposure
Electrical muscle stimulation, reviews from many patients confirm this, is very effective in many cases. The undoubted advantage of the procedure is pain relief. As patients note, relief comes quickly enough and lasts for a long period. Electrical exposure does not cause addiction. Electrical stimulation can be carried out not only in special rooms, but also at home. Many patients have different devices at their disposal. According to them, using the equipment is quite simple: it is compact and does not require special skills. For many, these devices completely replace drug therapy.
Disadvantages of the procedure
The main disadvantage of the procedure is that it does not eliminate the cause of the pathology. The impact only irritates the muscles, causing them to contract. However, muscle function may not be restored if the neurological damage is severe. Advertising for electrical stimulation devices claims that some of them help. However, there is no clinical evidence of this.
Exposure using professional equipment
Various devices are used to carry out the procedures. One of them is ESMA physiotherapeutic equipment. In the process of exposure, not only irritation of the fibers occurs, but also the nerve innervating them with the help of pulse current. As a result, a change in bioelectrical activity is observed, spike responses are formed, and intense contraction occurs. During the procedure, the following types of current are used:
- High frequency.
- Pulse.
- Mid-frequency.
- Constant.
- Low frequency.
Mechanism of action
Electrical muscle stimulation is often compared to “gymnastics for the lazy” - the patient does nothing, but his muscles are active. However, experts are in no hurry to draw a direct analogy, since contractions under the influence of current and natural movement are very different. At the same time, one does not replace or cancel the other at all. During normal physical activity, regardless of its nature - housework, special exercises, walks, etc. - purposeful work is not carried out by all muscles. Against the background of current exposure, all excited structures are involved. These include smooth and striated fibers. Nerve endings send a signal “up” - to the centers of the brain, and “down” - to organs and systems. At the same time, the walls of large vessels begin to react, and reserve capillary channels open. Due to such massive impact, even the most weakened muscles are prepared for work. However, one should not limit oneself to the use of external influence. To successfully achieve your goal, you need to force your muscles to act.
Equipment types
Electrodes are placed on certain motor points of the hips, back, chest, abdomen, lower limbs. Depending on which model of myostimulator is used, a special conductive gel may be applied to the skin. Usually 15-20 procedures are prescribed per course. The frequency of electrical stimulation is 2-3 times a week. The impact allows you to activate fibers located quite deep, which in normal cases can be difficult to get close to. Electrical stimulation of the lower leg muscles is very effective. As a rule, the effect is aimed at a separate muscle group. In this case, electrical stimulation is performed in a certain sequence. Actually, this determines the positive effect of the procedure. As mentioned above, the equipment is equipped with electrodes. They, in turn, are equipped with devices with the help of which they are attached to the body. The device also has a main unit. It generates a current of a certain strength and frequency. Each muscle group has its own mode of exposure. Often, in addition to the equipment, a special gel or cream is supplied that improves the conductivity of impulses.
Exposure at home
Today, portable devices are quite popular. Some of them are battery operated. However, such devices are only capable of maintaining the state. With reduced tone, for example, there is not much benefit from them, since their power is not enough for a full impact. For example, electrical stimulation of the lower leg muscles with a portable device will relieve fatigue after a working day. However, it will not help correct the condition of the muscles. Among the most common devices, OMRON E4, Enistim-1, ESMA 12.20 COMBI and ESMA 12.48 FAVORITE should be noted.
Electrical muscle stimulation - description of the procedure and review of the most popular devices: Stimul 1, MIORYTHM-040-M2, Myovolna
Electrical muscle stimulation was invented in the mid-19th century in France. It is usually used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapy to restore the functioning of tissues, organs and systems, including the nervous system.
This method has an effect due to pulsed current, due to which there is directed excitation and contraction of any area of the muscles, and a decrease in the trophic function of nerve fibers.
The effect of current on the muscle tissue of the body
Electrical stimulation actively affects the body through pulses of different durations - from 0.5 to 300 ms, with a current strength of up to 5 mA (on the face), up to 100 mA (on the body) and a frequency of 10-150 Hz, which operate intermittently.
During the procedure, the person does not move, but this effect is identical to the normal work of the muscles during their activity.
The current, passing through the tissue, excites the cells and stimulates the active work of the muscles, and during pauses it relaxes.
Thanks to this rhythm of work, there is no irritating effect of current under the electrodes and the epidermis is not damaged due to prolonged electrical stimulation.
When an electrical current is applied to muscles or nerves, their bioactivity and the formation of spike responses are altered. The impulses provoke muscle contraction, which strengthens and activates them.
It’s also good that if a muscle is overstrained, electrical stimulation relieves such tension well. This method has no analogues in the world; it forces the muscle to work at 100%.
Electrical stimulation of the back muscles helps patients with a stiff neck, lumbar region, diseased or curved spine are inherent painful sensations, loss of sensitivity, weakened muscles and more.
This procedure is also necessary at the stage of rehabilitation after spinal surgery; it will help strengthen muscle corset at the spine.
If you choose the right one, electrical stimulation of the leg muscles will help restore the functioning of many functions:
- biceps femoris muscle – restores flexion of the knee joint;
- electrical stimulation calf muscle, helps restore foot flexion function;
- peronalis muscle – dorsiflexion and abduction of the foot;
- pulsed currents directed to the rectus femoris muscle improve the mobility of the segment, as well as knee extension.
Thanks to myostimulation, it is possible to reach muscles located very deeply, which are difficult to load under normal circumstances.
For example, electrical stimulation of the thigh muscles helps actively fight osteoarthritis, including helping to recover after joint replacement surgery.
Current is also used for cosmetic purposes, for face lifting. The areas of the face and neck are quite difficult to train with regular exercises, but electrical stimulation of the facial muscles helps strengthen them and increase microcirculation in them.
The procedure improves blood supply and the functioning of a complex of metabolic and trophic processes. This includes activation of the systems and cells of the cerebral cortex.
The muscles are stimulated, the synthesis of nucleic acids occurs, including RNA, which delays the process of atrophy and sclerotic development in them.
During the procedure, the influence occurs directly on the muscle and through its motor nerve. Electrical stimulation accelerates oxygen utilization and reduces energy costs for contraction. After physical activity Lactic acid accumulates, and the influence of the current removes it from the muscles, relieving pain.
Electrical stimulation of arm muscles
Electrical stimulation of the arm muscles restores the following functions:
- influence on deltoid muscle, helps to resume the work of shoulder abduction to the side, back and forward;
- extensors of the hand and fingers, restore their extension function;
- electrodes located on the triceps muscle affect the extension of the arm at the elbow joint;
- impact on the biceps muscle, will help bend the arm at the elbow joint;
- points on the flexors of the hand and fingers will help bend them.
How does the procedure work?
- Before electrical stimulation, the body is examined and spastic muscles are found, the degree of increase in muscle tone is determined and the presence of fibrous changes is recognized;
- If the procedure is intended for the face, then you need to remove makeup and degrease the skin;
- The specialist can then apply a mask or conductive gel to the skin as well as the electrodes. This depends on the device that supplies the current, as well as on the conductivity of the current by the body;
- Electrodes are applied to those areas where motor points are located - hips, limbs, abdomen, chest, back, face. Stationary electrodes are fixed or the skin is treated with movable electrodes;
- It is better to carry out such a procedure in a medical center, where a specialist can install the electrodes exactly in the places where they need to be. He will also be able to select the current strength that corresponds to the degree of muscle damage and suits the individual sensitivity of the patient;
- Having selected the required current strength, frequency and duration, a session of electrical stimulation is carried out;
- Remove the electrodes and cleanse the skin of the gel.
Session duration
The duration of the procedure is determined by the doctor, depending on the symptoms, the nature of the process, etc., usually it does not exceed 40 minutes.
The duration of treatment is usually from 15 to 30 sessions, they are carried out every day or every other day.
The duration of the facial procedure can last from 10 to 20 sessions. The procedure is done every couple of days, and courses are carried out about once a year.
The muscle or nerve is stimulated for 2-3 minutes, and then a break of 10 minutes is taken. The time frame for achieving the required result depends on the disease, characteristics of the body, condition, and the presence of extra pounds.
Electrical stimulation at home
Today you can hear about portable devices everywhere. Some can be powered by electricity, while others can be battery-powered.
You can use such devices to maintain tone. Their power is low and they cannot have a full impact.
Electrical stimulation at home will help relieve fatigue after a hard day, tighten some areas of the body, relieve or reduce pain. But such a device will not help overcome illnesses or correct the condition of the muscles.
You can also be treated with this drug at home, after being prescribed and taught by a doctor.
Devices for electrical stimulation
All devices have electrodes that are attached to the body. The device has a main unit in which a current of a certain strength and frequency is generated. Each muscle group has its own mode of operation.
Devices are classified into professional ones, which are used in clinics, beauty salons, and low-power ones, for home use.
To restore muscles, sinusoidal currents of high frequencies are used, which are modulated by low frequencies. These include devices of the “Amplipulse-4, 5” type, which has a wide range of treatments, and the “Stimul-1” type, designed to stimulate such muscles.
If the electrical excitability of the muscles is reduced due to degeneration or disease of the motor nerve, stimulation is carried out with the same currents, only they are delivered in a straightened mode. Here the electrodes on the motor point are connected to the negative pole. Such currents are produced by the devices “UEI-1” and “Neuropulse”.
Other devices for electrical muscle stimulation: “Movolna”, “Diagnostim”, “NET”, “MIORYTHM-040-M2”, “TUR-RS”, “Stersodnator”, “Tonus-1” and others.
Stimulus 1
This device is intended for the complex treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, various paralysis, cuts, poor posture, scoliosis, flat feet, for strengthening muscles, eliminating fat layers, and during intense physical activity.
This device is used in clinics and various medical institutions.
The Stimul-1 device generates radio pulses in continuous sending mode. The amplitude of the messages is regulated and its period of rise and fall is adjusted.
The mechanism of action consists of transistors and microcircuits. The kit includes electrodes of various shapes made of hardened carbon fabric, electrical holders and other accessories. The device is operated at air temperatures from +10 to +35ºС and at ambient humidity up to 80%, at a temperature of +20ºС.
Characteristics of the Stimul-1 device
| Sinusoidal frequency | 2000 Hz ± 10% |
| Maximum average current value with active load resistance | 1000 Ohm - 30 mA |
| The frequency of repetition of radio pulses is equal to the frequency of the supply network; | 10 ms ± 20% |
| Duration of radio pulses | |
| Radio pulses are generated in continuous mode and burst mode | |
| Working mode | up to 3 min |
| Continuous operation of the device | up to 6 hours a day |
| Power consumption is less | 40 W |
| Network consumption | 220V±10% |
| Current frequency | 50 ± 0.5 Hz |
| Degree of protection against electric shock | II class |
| Dimensions | 108x300x315 mm |
| Weight of the device without accessories | 4 kg |
Myovolna
The muscles are stimulated with this device to replenish the deficiency of nerve impulses, increase blood supply to tissues and organs, suppress pain pulsation and improve the functioning of the lymphatic system.
During electrical stimulation, impulses from nerve endings are transmitted to muscles and cause them to contract. Blood and lymph flow improves, metabolism is stimulated. The device is also used to tighten facial muscles.
“Myovolna” provides a mode for moving the electrical stimulation zone during stable parameters stimulating impulses.
Thanks to this, sequential stimulation of different tissue areas is carried out along the path of innervation - the direction of blood flow and lymph circulation.
MIORYTHM-040-M2
This drug is used in medical, cosmetic and sports field. "MIORHYTHM-040-M2" has an electrical stimulator with a separate power supply and a set of accessories.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system occur in people of various ages. Quite often there are muscle dysfunctions associated with neurological and other diseases. In the treatment of such pathologies, physiotherapeutic procedures are of great importance, the effects of which increase muscle tone and improve the condition of muscle tissue. Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the back, legs, and other parts of the body helps to cope with hypotension and restores their functionality, which returns the patient’s quality of life to the previous level and improves the long-term results of the therapy.
About the method
The use of electrical muscle stimulation in neurology is based on the ability of an electric current to pass through muscle fibers, causing a physiological response in them in the form of contractile activity or relaxation. This is especially important when the nerve impulses from the central nervous system cannot reach the muscles for some reason. The electrical stimulation method protects muscle tissue from atrophy, improves its nutrition and metabolism due to the constant stimulating effect of electric current. There is scientific evidence that when muscles are damaged, their regeneration increases with external stimulation.
A large number of clinical studies in neurology show another important mechanism of this physiotherapy. Against the background of a stroke and other organic lesions of the brain, dysfunction of muscles in the form of paresis and paralysis is observed. Performing myostimulation in this case not only improves the work muscle fibers, but also has a positive effect on nerve structures, increasing the level of their regeneration and plasticity, allowing for faster recovery motor activity affected limb.
Electric current has a complex effect on muscle tissue: improves microcirculation, accelerates metabolic processes, maintains muscle tone and its regenerative capabilities.
Physiotherapists also note local positive effects of using electrical stimulation both at home and on an outpatient basis. The action of electric current leads to improved microcirculation, saturation of muscle tissue with oxygen and nutrients, which is associated with the galvanization effect. The electric field improves the outflow of blood and lymph from organs by improving the tone of the walls of blood and lymph vessels.
Large quantity positive effects from electrical muscle stimulation determines the widespread use of the technique in adults and children of various ages. It is important to note that if myostimulation is performed on children, it should only be performed in a medical facility.
Advantages and disadvantages of the procedure
Electrical stimulation of the thigh, lower leg and other parts of the body is widely used in medicine. However, it should be understood that the method has its advantages and disadvantages, which determine the possibility of myostimulation. The main advantages of the procedure are as follows:
- pronounced effect of restoring the contractility of muscle fibers;
- most patients experience a decrease in pain associated with damage to nerve trunks, spine, etc.;
- devices for myostimulation are quite cheap, which determines the low cost of the procedure itself;
- After consultation with the attending physician, electrical stimulation can be carried out at home after purchasing the necessary device.
Despite the pronounced advantages, physiotherapists note a number of disadvantages that do not allow the use of electrical stimulation as the only method of therapy:
- severe neurological disorders are difficult to correct using physiotherapeutic procedures or cannot be treated at all;
- Electrical exposure does not affect the primary disease, but only reduces the severity of its consequences.
In this regard, electrical muscle stimulation is used as part of complex treatment together with medications and other types of physical therapy.
Indications and contraindications
The positive effect of electrical stimulation on neuromuscular impulse transmission and the condition of muscle fibers provides a wide range of indications for this procedure:
- disturbances in muscle motor activity due to neuritis, plexitis and radiculitis;
- paralysis or paresis as a result of damage to the central nervous system: strokes, injuries, etc.;
- hypotension or muscle atrophy after a long period of inactivity, for example, due to a bone fracture;
- atonic states of muscle tissue during internal organs(small and large intestines, gall bladder) as a result of diseases or surgical interventions;
- dysfunction of the intestinal sphincters;
- inflammatory processes in the nerves of the face, lower back, etc.;
- disturbances of vascular tone;
- the need to lose weight in case of obesity, since electrical stimulation leads to a decrease in fat content in tissues;
- long period of rehabilitation for people professionally involved in sports.
It is important to note that, depending on the available indications, each patient is selected an individual treatment regimen, which may differ in the duration of exposure, location of electrodes, and the total number of physical treatment sessions.
The use of electrical stimulation of muscle tissue is indicated for large quantities diseases ranging from paresis due to neuritis or stroke, and ending with intestinal hypotension due to pathology of internal organs.
There are conditions when electrical stimulation is contraindicated:
- growth of malignant neoplasms;
- history of epileptic seizures;
- presence of a pacemaker or other implanted devices;
- severe types of arrhythmia.
If these conditions are present, you should stop using electrical muscle stimulation and choose other treatment methods. However, for some diseases, the procedure can simply be postponed until recovery. Such diseases include:
- acute or exacerbation of a chronic infectious disease;
- decompensated state of internal organs;
- thrombophlebitis in the acute phase;
- pregnancy;
- fractures of bones before their complete fusion;
- performing surgical operations on muscles, nerves and blood vessels in the last 3-4 weeks.
Only the attending physician should determine whether a patient has indications and contraindications based on his examination and subsequent laboratory or instrumental examinations.
Preparation for the procedure
The safety and effectiveness of electrical stimulation is possible in cases where the patient has undergone preliminary training. Typically, it includes the following steps:
- The doctor carefully examines all the patient’s complaints, prescribes and analyzes the results of additional instrumental and laboratory examination methods. This allows you to make an accurate diagnosis, as well as identify possible contraindications, for example, the presence of acute inflammatory processes in the body.
- Electrodiagnostics are carried out aimed at determining the thresholds of excitability of muscle and nervous tissue, which makes it possible to select the optimal current strength and its type for the patient.
- The attending physician talks with the patient or the child’s parents, explaining to them the essence of the upcoming treatment, as well as the need to complete the entire course of electrical stimulation to obtain the best results.
Carrying out electrical stimulation
Before using the electrical stimulation method on a child or adult, the doctor should select the required mode of exposure (direct or alternating current). The threshold levels of excitability of nerve and muscle formations are also determined, which is necessary to select the current strength used. A similar procedure is carried out using electrodiagnostics, which is carried out by the same device as the stimulation itself.
Depending on the severity of changes in muscle tissue and the underlying disease, the physiotherapist selects the type of device used. In case of severe hypotension or atony, it is recommended to use devices such as “ASM”, “Neuron-1”, which allow creating a strong electric current with high amplitude and frequency. These devices have large sizes and are used on an outpatient basis. There are also compact devices, for example “Omron”, “Nevoton”, which are mainly used at home by patients themselves.
The algorithm for electrical muscle stimulation is quite simple and is carried out as follows:
- The doctor or the patient himself selects the necessary electrodes for stimulation. They can be disposable or reusable. There are different shapes: square, round, with curves, which is determined by the location of the damaged muscles. For example, large square electrodes are used to influence the quadriceps muscle for paresis and paralysis of the legs, since this muscle has very large dimensions. If the procedure is necessary for infants, special children's electrodes are used.
- After selecting the electrodes, they must be positioned correctly. As a rule, target muscle should be located between them, that is, the electrodes should be placed along the two poles of a particular muscle.
- When stimulating the organs of the abdomen and abdominal cavity, back with scoliosis or osteochondrosis, electrodes are installed on the lower back and in the umbilical area.
- After fixing the electrodes on the surface of the body, the device turns on and the minimum current values are set. As a rule, the stimulation time for one point should not exceed five minutes, and the entire procedure, in general, should take half an hour. The total number of sessions during a course of treatment is 15-20, which is determined by the severity of the existing movement disorders and the nature of the underlying disease. If necessary, the electrical stimulation method can be repeated after a 1.5-2 week rest.
Simple technique for performing the procedure and high level safety for the patient allows you to use electrical muscle stimulation at home. However, before carrying out such treatment, you should consult with your doctor, who will determine the available indications and contraindications, and also select the necessary stimulation parameters: type and strength of current, session time and total number of procedures.
Use in children
Electrical stimulation of muscle tissue is widely used in children of all ages. It is important to note that a similar procedure for children younger age, for example, for infants, it is recommended to be carried out only on an outpatient basis to prevent the development of negative consequences.
Electrical stimulation is used to treat childhood cerebral palsy, flat feet, joint dysplasia (for example, hip), scoliosis, hypotonia of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, intestinal atony, etc. Pediatricians identify a wide range of indications for which the effectiveness of the use of electric currents has been proven.
Carrying out electrical stimulation in children does not differ significantly from using the procedure in adults. The only restrictions relate to the current strength - it should be two to three times less than that of adults. Also, doctors recommend reducing the time of a physiotherapy session to 10-15 minutes to ensure a “soft” effect on the nervous and muscular system child. Separately, it is worth mentioning that you should not use electrodes intended for adult patients, as they are poorly suited for a child and do not provide good contact with the skin, which negatively affects the effectiveness of electrical stimulation.
Possible complications in children and adults
Electrical muscle stimulation is safe for patients, however, in some cases, undesirable consequences of physical treatment may occur:
- unpleasant sensations in the form of tingling and burning, as well as redness of the skin at the sites where the electrode is applied are most common in patients and are associated with the very physiological effect of the electric current on biological tissues; no serious health consequences arise;
- burns of varying degrees in the area where electrodes are applied, as well as electrical trauma;
- the occurrence or intensification of existing pain;
- muscle hypertonicity, which is associated with overexcitation of nerve and muscle formations.
The last three complications are extremely rare and only in cases where the procedure was performed incorrectly. This is most often observed when trying to self-medicate at home or using faulty devices for electrical muscle stimulation.
Correct use of the technique in accordance with the doctor’s instructions and the instructions for use of the device allows you to avoid the development of complications and increase the effectiveness of electrical stimulation.
Electrical muscle stimulation is an important physiotherapeutic procedure widely used to treat paralysis, paresis and other diseases of skeletal muscles, as well as hypotonicity of smooth muscle tissue in internal organs. Impact electric shock allows you to improve the condition of muscles, their nutrition and neuromuscular transmission, which helps eliminate hypo- and atony. The physiotherapeutic procedure has a number of limitations, and therefore should be used only after consultation with the attending physician, who will carefully examine the patient and determine his indications and contraindications for electrical stimulation. In no case should you self-medicate, as this is fraught with the development side effects or progression of the underlying disease.
