Original taken from visualhistory in Walk around Moscow 1941
I think we must agree with those who believe that these posts are not made by Varlamov himself. Here you can spend more than one hour watching, but it would take at least a day to prepare. And Zalt is not an expert on the history of the Second World War.
And the post turned out to be very interesting.
Original taken from varlamov.ru in Walk around Moscow 1941
View of the Kremlin during an air raid, July 1941
Today I am starting a series of posts about Moscow during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. Let's see how the capital lived during this difficult time. I collected old photographs and memories of Muscovites. Read it, it’s very interesting, although there is a lot of text. If you have anything to add, tell us in the comments.
Today is 41 years old. The most difficult for Moscow. These include evacuation, bombing, and the Nazis who came close to the city. With the outbreak of war, all civilians were required to hand over bicycles, radios (there were only the famous dishes on the wall and radio sockets), as well as cameras. Didn't pass - spy. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find amateur photographs of wartime Moscow; in the city under martial law, only accredited photojournalists took photographs with the Leicas issued to them (remember Simonov’s famous lines: “With a Leica and a notebook, or even with a machine gun...”).
Despite the fact that the Soviet authorities knew about the imminent war with Hitler (the possible date of the German invasion was repeatedly reported, for example, by intelligence officer Richard Sorge), Muscovites did not suspect that very soon it would fall on them.
On May 1, 1941, the last peacetime parade took place on Red Square. The Soviet leadership entrusted high hopes for this parade. In the context of impending war, a demonstration of military power Soviet Union became of utmost importance. The parade was attended by officials of the foreign diplomatic corps, and there were also official representatives of the Wehrmacht. 
Ordinary people, meanwhile, went to theaters, cinemas and stadiums. The last pre-war match took place at Dynamo on June 19: the home team hosted Traktor Stalingrad. On June 22, a parade and mass athletic competitions were supposed to take place there...
At a football match, Dynamo stadium. 
Review of cyclists participating in the Moscow - Yalta race. May 1941 
The city lived a peaceful life and did not prepare for defense. Newspapers wrote about the appearance of the first televisions and ultraviolet lamps; in March 1941, the first Stalin Prizes, in early June the city managed to hold a chess championship. At the same time, the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition takes place at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (the future VDNKh). In mid-June, the general reconstruction of the Central Park of Culture and Culture named after. Gorky.
Selling soda on Kuznetsky Most. 
In 1941, Moscow continues to demolish Zaryadye. Demolition began in the 1930s. This story will end only by the end of the 1950s. And in 1967, the Rossiya Hotel would be built on the site of the old quarters. 
Temple of St. Nicholas the Mokroy. 
The photograph was published on August 11, 1941 in the article “LIFE photographers saw Moscow a week before the Nazi invasion.” 
The US Embassy was located in the building from which this photo was taken from 1933 to 1954. Then it was moved out of harm's way to the street. Tchaikovsky (current Novinsky Boulevard). And the State Joint Stock Company "Intourist" settled in this building for several decades. 
The war took the capital's residents by surprise. On the morning of June 22, 20 thousand schoolchildren arrived in Moscow from the Moscow region: a holiday was held for them in the Sokolnichesky Culture and Leisure Park. Until 12 noon, none of the Muscovites knew that the war had started.
At 12:15, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov spoke on the radio with a message about the German attack on the USSR - it was he who said famous phrase"Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours."
Workers at the Hammer and Sickle plant listen to the Soviet government's announcement of the start of war. 
From the memoirs of archaeologist M. Rabinovich:
“Without losing pace, I began to prepare for the next exams - for graduate school, they were supposed to start in a month. I urgently needed to “fit up” foreign language. On Sunday the 22nd, looking up from my German book for a moment, I went out to buy something to eat. And from the seller of the vegetable stall I learned that the Germans had attacked us and were already bombing our cities. So, mechanically clutching a bunch of radishes in his hand, without going home, he went to the history department. On Arbat Square, near the Khudozhestvenny cinema, a loudspeaker suddenly started talking. They broadcast (probably not for the first time) Molotov’s speech. Like the others, I stopped, eagerly hanging on every word. "Our cause is just! The enemy will be defeated! Victory will be ours!" No matter how unlikable this person is to me now, I must note that then Molotov (or the one who wrote the speech to him) said the most necessary words.”
From the diary of Muscovite Marusya K.:
“What a terrible and difficult to describe day! I found Comrade Molotov’s message in the hairdresser’s. Do I realize what will happen? It’s hard to imagine, but I have a presentiment that it will be very terrible. I took a dress from the studio, but without any mood, it was made to my taste, English style. This everything is in my character, but it’s all no longer pleasing. It’s hard to imagine what feeling enveloped me, and, looking at the people in the house who were carrying sand into the attic, with heavy, uncomprehending eyes, I began to do the same.”
On June 25, martial law was introduced in Moscow. Air and combat drills gradually became commonplace. The city began to get used to wartime conditions.
From the diary of the scientific secretary of the Commission for the Study of the History of Moscow P. Miller:
“In the morning at 3 o’clock the siren sounds raised Moscow. Residents jumped up nervously and began to hide in shelters, but most remained in the courtyards, street cleaners drove everyone away from the streets. Anti-aircraft guns fired, machine guns fired occasionally, fire flashes in the clouds, and in some places I saw cars - everything is on high altitude. I personally saw ten white spots arranged in an almost regular ring - around what? The spots resembled those white stripes that always mark the stratospheric rise. Everything looked very serious, but the absence of high-explosive bombs and fires is immediately striking. At about 4 o'clock the alarm ended. Later in the day, it turned out that this was a test exercise."
After the air raid warning clears, people leave the Sverdlov Square metro station and wait for transport at the Moscow Hotel. 
Distribution of gas masks on Mayakovsky Square. 
Pushkinskaya Square. 
In Moscow cinemas, along with feature films, defense and educational films began to be shown: “Let’s create protective rooms”, “Individual medical equipment package”, “Take care of the gas mask”, “How to help a gas poisoned person”, “The simplest shelters from air bombs”, “Blackout of a residential building”, etc. d. Later they began to show patriotic films, including the famous “Combat Film Collections”.
Cinema "Central" (in the 1930s - also "Sha-Noir"), st. Gorky, 18-a, phone B1-97-54. 
On July 1, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR issued a decree "On universal compulsory training of the population for air defense." On the same day, the executive committee of the Moscow City Council adopted a resolution “On the procedure for evacuating children from Moscow.”
From June 29 to July 29, almost 950 thousand people, mostly women and children, were evacuated from Moscow. By December 1941, the population of the capital decreased from 4.5 to 2.5 million people. Not only people were evacuated, but also industry: in September-October, about 500 industrial enterprises of union and republican significance were transferred from Moscow and the Moscow region to the rear.
Zinaida Nikolaevna Aristarkhova:
“When the war began, I was 12 years old. According to the instructions of the authorities, all children had to report to the Krasnopresnenskaya outpost, the parents had to collect mattresses, pillowcases and light things for the children. They put us all on a tram and took us to the River Station. At the River Station there were walking the steamships on which we were loaded onto the platform, onto the deck, who somehow managed to find a place for themselves. This steamer set off towards Ryazan. The steamer then left for the Oka, probably in the evening, late.
The lights were not on on the ship; everything was extinguished. When we were sailing, there were rumors all the time that there would be no light. Before this, there were cases when the Nazis attacked ships. which went inland from the capital. Everyone said that we were going to Ryazan. We arrived in Ryazan and were dropped off in Elatma, near Ryazan."
Moscow River near Krasnokholmskaya embankment. Evacuation of Muscovites in the fall of 1941. 
Waiting for the evacuation train at the Kazansky railway station. 
Interesting shots. Livestock evacuation! 
The first air raid alert in Moscow had to be announced on the third day of the war. But at first, German pilots flew only for reconnaissance. Almost immediately, the camouflage of the capital began, which was supposed to save the city’s key facilities from German bombs. Particular attention was paid to the Kremlin.
View of the Kremlin from the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge. The wall and towers were disguised as residential buildings. 
In his report to Beria dated June 26, 1941, Commandant Spiridonov proposed two options for camouflaging the Moscow Kremlin. The first involved the removal of crosses and the destruction of the shine of the gilded domes of the Kremlin cathedrals. The roofs and open facades of all Kremlin buildings were planned to be repainted so that they looked like ordinary houses. The second option differs from it in that false city blocks were to be created through a combination of various layouts, and a false bridge was built across the Moscow River to disorient the enemy.
One more shot. Covers were pulled over the Kremlin spiers, and a special coloring was applied to the square, creating the illusion of residential areas. 
To camouflage the Kremlin and surrounding areas, planar imitation is used with repainting of roofs and open facades of buildings. 
On June 24, orders were issued to blackout residential buildings, businesses and vehicles. In the evenings the city plunged into darkness. People bumped into each other public transport began to walk more slowly: for example, tram drivers had to press their foreheads against the glass to see obstacles on the way.
From P. Miller's diary:
"In the evening - a blazing sunset behind the large Triumphal Gate, a little to the left. Around 11 o'clock in the evening I was wandering around, looking for a tram to get out of Presnya. Terrible darkness."
By the way, to guide drivers in the dark, white stripes were painted on the walls in the arches of the Spassky, Borovitsky and Arsenal Gates of the Kremlin. A week after the start of the war, the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower stopped playing. By mid-July, Kremlin buildings had finished covering windows with strips of material in a crisscross pattern.
Mausoleum disguised in 1941. 
Almost simultaneously with the Kremlin’s disguise, a special commission came to the conclusion that it was necessary to remove Lenin’s body from the Mausoleum (even though it had been “repainted and remade” to look like an ordinary city building). Experts argued that even one bomb would be enough to level the tomb. The leader's body was taken to Tyumen on a special train. His protection along the route was entrusted to the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin and the NKGB of the USSR. Ilyich’s body safely reached the place, and there he was placed in a two-story stone house, where scientists who had arrived from Moscow had already settled down. At 5 a.m. on March 28, 1945, Lenin returned to the renovated Mausoleum. And in September 1945, access to Ilyich’s body was open to everyone. 
The camouflaged Kremlin (especially at first) greatly confused the fascists. Alas, all precautions could not completely protect this grandiose monument of architecture and history. The Kremlin was bombed as many as 8 times. But the soldiers themselves said that some unknown force seemed to be protecting this holy place - some of the bombs (and in total more than one and a half hundred of them were dropped) did not explode. Some of those that exploded either caused minimal damage or none at all. 
The Manege building in camouflage paint. 
The Bolshoi Theater is being camouflaged. 
Camouflage coloring of the Red Army Theater. 
Air raid on Moscow 
This is what it looked like from an airplane. 
Here you can see a fake gallery near the Mossovet building. 
The peak of camouflage work in Moscow occurred in the summer-autumn of 1941, and already in 1942 they decided to abandon it. Most likely, the camouflage was ineffective: judging by German aerial photography, the city had changed little, and the usual contours were easy to read. And they bombed mainly at night.
The first air raid on Moscow took place on July 21, 1941, but, apparently, it was a reconnaissance raid. The massive bombing of the city began the next day, exactly a month after the start of the war. About 200 German aircraft took part in it. The Sovinformburo reported the destruction of 22 bombers during their first attack; the captured Germans estimated losses at 6-7 aircraft.
During the raid, one of the bombs fell on the Vakhtangov Theater on Arbat and almost completely destroyed it. On July 23 the bombing was repeated.
Ruins of the Vakhtangov Theater on Arbat. 
A direct air bomb hit the administrative building No. 4 on Old Square. October 24, 1941. The raid is better known for the fact that during the bombing, political figure A.S. Shcherbakov received a shell shock; Almost all residents of Zaryadye had their windows blown out in their houses, and a girl Luftwaffe pilot was personally awarded by Hitler for completing the task. 
Dynamo Stadium. The stadium itself was camouflaged from enemy air raids and was carefully guarded. In the winter of 1942, young spruce trees were planted on the football field for the purpose of camouflage. From today’s perspective, this attempt to pass off the stadium as a park for German pilots looks naive and not entirely reasonable, but it clearly demonstrates the state’s concern for preserving the capital’s main sports attraction. 
And here is the center of Moscow. The photo was taken on July 24, 1941. 
House on Triumfalnaya, where Interfax and Il Patio are now. 
From July 21, 1941 until mid-1942, when the most intense bombing ended, the city experienced 95 night and 30 day raids. 7,202 aircraft took part in them, but only 388 managed to break through to the capital through fighters, anti-aircraft fire and balloons.
Tamara Konstantinovna Rybakova:
“Our house was located not far from the Vladimir Ilyich plant, and Goznak was very close to our house, and the Germans tried to hit these objects with their bombs, but they failed to bomb them. The bombs were flying somewhere nearby, incl. . (of course, for free) And so - until the next bombing. It was very scary when the siren rang, everyone ran to the bomb shelter. I was upset that my mother was almost never with me in the bomb shelter - she was on the roof (attic) and. was responsible for extinguishing the bombs."
Corner of Tverskaya and present-day Gazetny Lane. The house was either destroyed by a bomb or demolished in the summer of '41. 
Anti-aircraft guns in Gorky Park. 
"Sky Patrol" on Pushkin Square. 
Anti-aircraft machine gun on the roof of the Government House. 
Anti-aircraft crew on Serafimovicha Street. 
From the diaries of the writer Arkady Perventsev:
"August 16
They were not allowed to reach Moscow, although Hitler scattered leaflets indicating that he would bomb Moscow from the 15th to the 16th, and suggested that women and children should go to the front line. In leaflets he wrote that Stalin’s son Yakov Dzhugashvili surrendered to the Germans. This is not confirmed by reality. Yakov Dzhugashvili fought to the last bullet. What happened to him is still unknown. Chapaev's son and Parkhomenko's son fought at the front.
September 3
The Germans use the following tactics when raiding Moscow and secret facilities: the first plane lights a fire, and the rest drop bombs on the fire."
Fighters patrol the Moscow sky. 
Barrage balloons after night watch. 
Barrage balloon on Tverskoy Boulevard. 
Kaluga Square. 
Barrage balloons on Bolshaya Ordynka.
Barrage balloons over Moscow.
Pyatnitskaya street, the building was destroyed as a result of an air strike on July 23, 1941. 
Bolshaya Polyanka Street, house No. 50, direct landmine hit the district committee building. From memories: “A relative told me about this air raid, it found her in the area of the M. Kamenny Bridge. Several bombs fell in his area, two hit the Tretyakov Gallery, one exploded, killing a policeman, the second got stuck in the ceilings and did not go off. Paintings and sculptures by that time were already packed and prepared for evacuation to Novosibirsk".
Downed fascist Ju 88 bomber. Sverdlov Square. 
They hide from bombings in the subway. 
Zoya Vladimirovna Minaeva:
“We first ran to the bomb shelter, and then began to go down to the Paveletskaya metro station, which had just begun to be built, deep into it along wooden stairs - my mother, my sister, and I with a bag of crackers and blankets. There were wooden floorings in the tunnels boards, and we all found a place and lay huddled together. And in the morning we got up again, it was more difficult to get up - my mother had her sister in her arms. It took probably 200 steps or 300 to go up.”
Important events are held here at the station. Ceremonial meeting on November 6, 1941, dedicated to the 24th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. 
Library on metro station "Kurskaya" (Ring). Of course, the shot is purely staged and propaganda. According to the recollections of Muscovites who survived the war, there was not enough space at the stations during the bombings, and most took refuge in tunnels. At the stations there were, at best, women and children, and only if there was enough space. 
In August 1941, the Germans began dropping not only bombs, but also leaflets from planes in order to undermine the morale of Muscovites. The Soviet authorities responded with an impressive array of propaganda posters.
Muscovites are studying the campaign. 
Book stall on Kuznetsky Most. The photo is taken from Leonid Mitrokhin’s article “Photographing the Russian War” (Our Heritage magazine, 1988, No. 6). Margaret Bourke-White was the only foreign photographer present in Moscow during the German attack. Upon returning to the United States, Margaret Bourke-White published the book “Photographing the Russian War.” 
Similar photo. Apparently it's staged. 
At the TASS newsstand on Tverskaya. 
From memories:
“In the yard we had a lot of fat men and women, and after two months everyone became lean, since a food card system was introduced, beer disappeared from the stalls around which fat-bellied men always crowded. Food cards were of four categories: “workers " - the most significant, "employees" - the worst, "dependent" - the skinniest and, finally, "children" - with coupons for milk and other baby food."
From memories:
“... an order was issued on the mandatory involvement of the entire working population of the city in the construction of trenches, clearing yards of fences and sheds, attics of garbage, etc. - up to three hours a day, and the non-working population - up to eight hours a day. Only pregnant and lactating women, doctors and patients were exempted. For refusing such work, a fine of 100 to 300 rubles (about the average salary) was imposed.”
At the beginning of July, the first detachments of young men and women were sent near Moscow to build defensive structures. On July 4, the State Defense Committee issued a decree "On the voluntary mobilization of workers of Moscow and the Moscow region in the people's militia divisions." By July 6, 12 divisions of the people's militia had been formed, which included 170 thousand people.
Home sports arena country - the Dynamo stadium - turned into a training center for young fighters, into a military training camp. Already on June 27, detachments of OMSBON (Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purposes) began to form there, which were then sent behind enemy lines.
Memoirs of a volunteer of the Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purpose E. Teleguev:
"In my free time from combat training, I walked along the streets of Moscow. I noticed the respectful, helpful attitude of citizens towards me - a young man in military uniform. Once I went into a store to buy white bread. I stood in line. The saleswoman noticed me - a thin young man in military uniform, asked: “Comrade fighter! What do you want to buy? Somewhat embarrassed by such attention, he replied: “A bun for 7 kopecks.”
The saleswoman and the women standing in line started talking together and began inviting me to buy a bun without queuing. The saleswoman gave me not one, as I asked, but two buns. In response to my attempts to refuse one and pay, she insisted and did not take the money. Both she and the other women told me to gain strength in order to beat the Nazi bandits. He left the store embarrassed, with a burning desire to meet women’s expectations.”
Tverskaya in the Mayakovskaya area. From the memoirs: “The militia went to the front without rifles at that time. Those with rifles are young, except for one, with a bald head. My relative (on my wife’s side) left with the militia just at this time. Without a rifle. He went into an attack on tanks with a stick (there was one rifle between three, the order was to take the weapon in battle). Naturally, he was captured, from where he returned in 1944-45. He worked on a farm for a German in the Baltic States, apparently he was not considered a prisoner of war.” 
Leningradskoye Highway, October 16, 1941 
Defense of Moscow. Muscovites go to the front. Soldiers of one of the working battalions of Moscow at a rest stop. 
Moscow militia. 
The motorcycle battalion is heading to the front. Captain V. Alekseev's unit. 
Novokuznetskaya street. 
In the fall of 1941, on the initiative of G.K. Zhukov, a decision was made on the urgent construction of a roundabout of Moscow in a simplified version. To speed up the work, sections of existing highways were connected into a ring, overpasses were built at the intersection with highways and railways, floating bridges were built across water barriers. This route became one of the main defense belts of the capital and contributed to the successful conduct of the counter-offensive operation and the defeat of the Nazis near Moscow. Now this place is the Moscow Ring Road. 
From memories:
“In October 1941, Moscow became a real front-line city. The front line was half an hour away by car. All freight stations were filled with trains and industrial equipment - there was no time to take them out. Residents were also in a hurry to leave. At the stations and access roads there were boxes with paintings and sculptures , museum valuables. At night, hundreds of huge cucumbers - barrage balloons - rose into the sky."
From memories:
“I remember the infamous day of the Moscow panic on October 16, 1941, when German tanks reached Khimki and artillery cannonade could be heard. It began with the fact that in the morning people, as usual, went to factories and factories, but unexpectedly returned with wages and pood of wheat flour. Production stopped. I went out into the street: people were walking and running along it. There were also people in the backs of trucks, trolleybuses and buses were crowded, some were sitting on their roofs. I went to the center. the same picture: ashes and unburned paper were swirling in the air (documents were being burned). Sometimes there were books lying on the sidewalks. On the Kuznetsky Bridge, near the wall of the house, there was a stack of several volumes of Lenin’s works. As it later became known, it was being prepared for. mining and explosion. The subway stopped for a day for the first time in the history of its existence."
On November 7, 1941, the famous parade was held on Red Square. It was needed not only to demonstrate the military power of the USSR and raise the morale of the Red Army soldiers, but also to stop the panic that arose in the city in October.
Military parade on Red Square. Moscow, November 7, 1941. 
The photo shows military personnel with self-loading rifles Tokarev model 1940 SVT-40 in the “shoulder” position. Bladed monocotyledon bayonets are attached to the rifles. Behind the soldier’s back is a 1936 model backpack, and on his side are small infantry shovels. 
Soviet medium tanks T-34 on parade. 
The photo is interesting because the Red Army soldiers are wearing winter helmets, which were abolished in July 1940, and are armed with old English Lewis machine guns, imported to Russia in 1917. 
From the diary of Muscovite L. Timofeev, a philologist:
"November 7
The parade ended and the night passed peacefully. The parade was obviously impressive: large and medium tanks even walked past me along our boulevard. The weather has been snowy since the morning, a blizzard is blowing, and it’s cold. There were many tanks, and they were new. Dandelion assures that he counted more than 600 pieces."
"Recruits are sent to the front." Marching companies leave for the front directly from Moscow. December 1, 1941. 
Tanks on Tverskaya. 
“Having walked along the once lush green boulevards, we come out to the Nikitsky Gate and see confirmation of the strong defense capability of the Capital. An anti-aircraft battery is located right in front of the monument to the great scientist Timiryazev. Take a look at the stern faces of the soldiers keeping a tense watch to protect Moscow from enemy vultures. They are ready to fight to the last. , but not to let the adversaries get to the heart of the Motherland. They are confident in their victory, and Victory will be theirs!” 
Monument to Timiryazev after the bomb explosion. 
Queue at the Bolshoi Theater branch. December 1941 
Nikitsky Gate Square and Tverskoy Boulevard. 
Muscovites stockpile firewood for the winter. 
"The area of the Prechistensky (in 1941 - Kropotkinsky) Gates. Distribution (and sale in excess of the norm) of firewood" 
The Tver overpass is also a monument to the defense of Moscow. The only surviving pre-war bridge in the Leningrad direction. 
There are barricades on Leningradsky Prospekt. 
Trenches near the Leningradskoye Shosse bridge, outskirts of Moscow. 
Anti-tank barriers at the Kaluga outpost. 
There are also barricades on the Garden Ring, near the Crimean Bridge. 
Original title - "The crew of an anti-tank gun selects and checks the firing sector. Fili area. October 1941." Now here is Rublevskoye Highway. 
Exercises on Chistoprudny Boulevard. 
Construction of the stadium in Petrovsky Park began in 1923 according to the design of architects Alexander Langman and Leonid Cherikover, work proceeded at an accelerated pace and in 1928 the Dynamo stadium opened for the first All-Union Spartakiad. The stadium was originally shaped like a horseshoe, but already in 1935 the East Stand was built, enclosing the stadium. From that time on, the Dynamo Stadium accommodated 54 thousand spectators and until the opening of Luzhniki it remained the main arena of the country. Today it is the oldest Moscow stadium.
"Dynamo" became home arena Moscow of the same name football club, the first Dynamo match at the new stadium took place on May 19, 1929. In the USSR, sport was an ideology, not entertainment for spectators. Everyone from young to old passed sports standards, preparing for labor and defense. The whole country knew the names of the champions different types sports. Although Dynamo is primarily known as football stadium, before the war, bicycle and motorcycle races, all-Union championships in athletics And speed skating, bandy matches.
"Dynamo" before reconstruction. 1934: https://pastvu.com/p/79123
The facade of the lobby of the Dynamo metro station is decorated with bas-reliefs with images of athletes and athletes
Ticket booths at the stadium
During the Great Patriotic War, soldiers were trained in a carefully guarded stadium and detachments of OMSBON (a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade) were formed, which were then sent to enemy lines. Shooters and snipers trained in the shooting range, and young spruce trees were planted on the football field, probably for the purpose of camouflage from air reconnaissance.
"Dynamo". 1942-1944: https://pastvu.com/p/1765
"Dynamo". Celebrating the 800th anniversary of Moscow. 1947: https://pastvu.com/p/450639
On June 3, 1945, the first peacetime football match took place at the Dynamo Central Stadium. In the 1950s, football was unrivaled; newsreels have been preserved of how huge queues line up at the ticket office, how crowds of people besiege the stadium gates and how crowded stands react emotionally as they watch the ups and downs of the match. Then a song appeared based on the verses of Lev Oshanin: “But all of Moscow stubbornly goes straight to Dynamo, forgetting about the rain...”
"Dynamo". 1957: https://pastvu.com/p/65508
In 1964, an electronic light board was installed at the stadium. Before this, banners with team names were hung on information towers, and when goals were scored, giant numbers of the match score were manually changed.
"Dynamo". 1980: https://pastvu.com/p/802807
For the Moscow Olympics, all the old sports facilities were reconstructed, in particular, lighting masts appeared at Dynamo, which made it possible to broadcast television in color. Within football tournament During the 1980 Olympics, seven matches were played here. Spectators were then seated on wooden benches; plastic chairs appeared here in 1998, which is why the capacity of the stadium was sharply reduced.
The press box is a cult place; Vadim Sinyavsky and Nikolai Ozerov conducted their reports from here.
A monument was unveiled at the entrance to the North Stand in 1999 the greatest goalkeeper Lev Yashin, who gained fame playing for the USSR national team, and defended the colors of Dynamo Moscow in club tournaments.
Football commentator Vasily Utkin
To football
On November 22, 2008, a farewell match was held at the stadium (in a historic match, the capital’s Dynamo played with Tom), and in 2009, a major reconstruction of the stadium began. It is planned to demolish some buildings, in place of which two new ones will be built sports complex, offices, hotel and residential complex with class “A” apartments. There will be retail space underground, and a retractable roof will allow Dynamo to host concerts. After reconstruction, the arena's capacity will be 45,000 spectators. The author of the project is Dutchman Eric van Egeraat and Russian Mikhail Posokhin, head of the Mosproekt-2 Institute. The total area of the sports part will be more than 200 thousand square meters, and the total area of the commercial part will be twice as large - more than 450 thousand square meters. After reconstruction, the stadium will be called “VTB Arena Central Dynamo Stadium” (construction work is carried out through investments from this bank).
Photos from 2008 show the Dynamo stadium immediately after the farewell match
Three years have passed. The lighting masts were dismantled, the stands were dismantled and construction came to a standstill. But at the beginning of February 2012, construction equipment came to the stadium again. According to the plan, the stadium should be ready to host football matches already in 2016, and in 2018 the FIFA World Cup games will take place here.
On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began - the bloodiest war in history, which lasted 1,418 days and nights.
We, Moscow Dynamo players, are proud that representatives of the Dynamo Society, together with athletes from other societies, contributed to the victory over Nazi Germany. They fought on the fronts and behind enemy lines, worked in the factories of our Motherland in the name of the Great Victory, trained reserves for the Red Army, became the initiators of the “thousanders” movement, pledging to train a thousand soldiers for the needs of the front.
The country's main sports arena, the Dynamo stadium, has turned into a training center for young fighters, a military training camp. Already on June 27, detachments of OMSBON (Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purposes) began to be formed there, from among the volunteer athletes of the Central State Institute physical culture and the Dynamo Society, which were then sent behind enemy lines.
The Dynamo stadium itself was camouflaged from enemy air raids and was carefully guarded. In the winter of 1942, young spruce trees were planted on the football field for the purpose of camouflage, which clearly demonstrated the state’s concern for preserving the capital’s main sports attraction.
During the Battle of Moscow, OMSBON, as part of the 2nd Motorized Rifle Division of the NKVD Special Purpose Troops, was used on the front line, but even at that time, combat groups were formed within it, intended to be deployed to the enemy rear. In the winter of 1941/1942, OMSBON mobile units conducted many successful raids and raids behind German lines.
OMSBON terrified the Nazi invaders, conducting daring and decisive operations behind enemy lines. The functions of OMSBON included: conducting reconnaissance operations, organizing guerrilla warfare, creating an agent network in territories under German occupation, and managing special radio games with German intelligence in order to misinform the enemy.
The war brought grief to every family, to every home, and disrupted the peaceful life of millions of people. The people defended their homeland at the cost of huge losses. Our brave warriors defended native land, turned back the fascist hordes and defeated them.
Over the years, the greatness of the feat of our soldiers and officers, home front workers, women, children - everyone who brought Victory Day closer - has not faded. We are proud of the heroism, resilience, and dedication of our compatriots. These days will never be forgotten. That is why, by decree of June 8, 1996, June 22 was established in Russia as the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow. In all cities of our country and many neighboring countries, mourning events are held on this day; we remember everyone who died a brave death on the battlefields, who died from wounds in hospitals, and who were tortured in concentration camps. Eternal memory and glory to them!
- In 2011, the Moscow Dynamo VFSO Dynamo city organization launched the Moscow Dynamo Veterans project. It is symbolic that the first in this series was an audio diary dedicated to Dynamo veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Many of the interviews recorded then, to our great chagrin, became the last...
Photo: RIA Novosti, oldmos.ru, pastvu.com
This is by no means a revenge of the German imperialists for the lost First War. The Second World War was an attempt to replace capitalism with an alternative system...
Hitler tried to impose on the world his version of globalization, his model of a socialist structure of the world. And in this he was no different from Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin. All of them are supporters of the world revolution; they saw its solution in a world war. The socialism of Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and Hitler's National Socialism are oriented toward world war. Without it, they could not survive for long either in the world or within “their” countries. (Gavriil Popov, Nikita Adzhubey.
(Five elections of Nikita Khrushchev (magazine version) // Science and Life, 2008)
Events of World War II in 1942. Briefly
- January 5 - (until March 21, 1943) the beginning of the Battle of Rzhev, three major offensive operations of the Red Army, costing it almost half a million dead
- January 8 - the end of the counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow, the Tula, Ryazan and Moscow regions, some areas of the Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions were liberated, but it was not possible to defeat Army Group Center
- January 11 - Japanese troops occupied Kula Lumpur (today the capital of Malaysia, and then the administrative center of the colony of British Malaya)
- January 14 - Pravda published K. Simonov’s poem “Wait for Me”
- January 20 - at a conference in Wannsee (Berlin region), Hitler decided to
- January 20 - Japanese troops invaded Burma (a British colony, today Myanmar)
- January 21 - another offensive of German troops in Libya, retreat of the British
- February 1 - a pro-German government was created in Norway under the leadership of V. Quisling
- February 7-15 - Japanese landing captured Singapore (the main British naval base in Southeast Asia), 70,000 prisoners
- February 11 - new supply standards were introduced in besieged Leningrad: 500 grams of bread for workers, 400 for employees, 300 for children and non-workers
- February 13 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the mobilization of the able-bodied urban population for work in production and construction during wartime”: “Men from 16 to 55 years old and women from 16 to 45 years old from among not working in government agencies and enterprises"
- February 16-March 23 - Japanese occupation of Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Borneo, North Sumatra, Nicobar and Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, surrender of Dutch troops in Indonesia
- February 22 - writer Stefan Zweig and his wife committed suicide in the small Brazilian city of Petropolis.
- March 5 — the first performance of Dmitry Shostakovich’s Seventh (“Leningrad”) Symphony took place at the Leningrad Philharmonic
- March 15 - Italian Football Championship "Roma" - "Fiorentina" 1:0, "Genoa" - "Milan" 1:1
- March 21 - The internment of Japanese from Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States begins in concentration camps out of fear that they might side with Japan. US citizens of Japanese descent who were born in America and had reached adulthood by the outbreak of World War II, and Japanese who lived on the East Coast, were not affected by deportation. The 442nd Strike Force, formed from them and fighting in Europe, received the largest number of awards in the history of the American army and the nickname “Purple Heart Battalion” (after the name of the award given for one combat wound).
- April 9 - Surrender of American troops in the Philippines
- April 18 - American bombing of Tokyo
- May 3 - Budapest. Friendly football match between Germany and Hungary
- May 4-8 - Battle of the Coral Sea (south of New Guinea and Solomon Islands) - a turning point in military operations in the Pacific Ocean, the first naval battle in which aircraft carriers opposed each other, the end of the unchallenged dominance of Japanese naval aviation
- May 12 - The offensive of the Red Army began near Kharkov, ending in defeat and a retaliatory offensive of the Nazis in the direction of the Volga and the Caucasus
- May 15 - Sobibur death camp began operating in southeastern Poland near the village of Sobibur.
- May 26 - after an assassination attempt by Czech saboteurs, the German governor of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich, died on May 24
- July 3 - Order of the Supreme High Command to stop the defense of Sevastopol
- June 4-5 - the battle of the Midway Atoll of the Japanese and American fleets, the defeat of the Japanese, after which the strategic initiative in the war in the Pacific passed to the US Army. Midway is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean, about a third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo.
- June 10 - in retaliation for the death of Heydrich, the Nazis killed 176 men over 16 years of age in the Czech village of Lidice near Prague, women and children were sent to a concentration camp
- June 21 - Rommel's army occupied the Libyan port of Torbuk, the Allies retreat to El Alamein in Northern Egypt
- July 21 - Japanese landing on the island of Papua New Guinea
- July 24 - Rostov-on-Don is occupied by the Germans
- June 28-July 24 - Voronezh-Voroshilovgrad operation of the troops of the Bryansk, Voronezh, South-Western and Southern Fronts against the German Army Group "South"
- July 17 - the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad
- July 22 - 80 km. Treblinka 2 extermination camp created outside of Warsaw
- July 28 - Stavka order No. 227, prohibiting any retreat under threat of execution, introducing penal and barrage battalions in the Red Army
- August 5 (or 6) - Janusz Korczak and children from the orphanage he headed died in the Treblinka concentration camp
- August 7 (until February 1943) - the beginning of the battle of the Allies and the Japanese army for the island of Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), after the defeat in which the Japanese fought only defensive battles in the Pacific theater of operations
- August 11 - the beginning of the extermination of Jews in Zmievskaya Balka in Rostov-on-Don. About 27,000 victims
- September 4 - the publication of A. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” begins in the newspaper of the Western Front “Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda”
- September 23-November 4 - the Battle of El Alamein, in which the Italian-German troops were defeated, after which the initiative in the war in North Africa passed to the allies
- October 14 - order of the German General Staff on the transition of the Eastern Front troops to strategic defense
- November 6 - Vichy French forces' resistance to the British on the island of Madagascar is broken
- November 6 - Czech People's League football match. "Slavia" - "Sparta" (Prague). 33,000 people in the stadium
- November 7 - American and British forces land in Algeria and Morocco; by the end of the month, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia are occupied by the allies
- November 11 - Hitler's order to occupy the rest of France, the next day - the Germans in Marseille
- November 19 - beginning of the offensive Soviet army near Stalingrad
- November 25-27 - the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet Army of the Northern Group of the Transcaucasian Front, Kalinin and Western Fronts (Rzhev-Sychevsk and Velikoluksk offensive operations)
- November 26-27 - in the city of Bihac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) the First Session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation of Yugoslavia was held and the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia was created
- November 29 - restrictions on trade and consumption of coffee are introduced in the United States
- November - creation of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia
- December 5 - commissioning of the most powerful blast furnace in Europe at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant
December - football match of the Danish championship "AB" - "B-93". 27,000 spectators - December 16-30 - successful offensive of the troops of the Southwestern and Voronezh fronts on the Middle Don
- December 19 - the beginning of the British offensive in Burma
The legendary Nikifor Kolyada, nicknamed Batya by the partisans, was an outstanding personality. People make up stories about people like him. At the zenith of military glory, already being a laureate of the Order of Lenin, Kolyada, favored by journalists, fell under the inexorable wheels of the repression machine.
At the beginning of life's journey
The story of Kolyada is full of exciting twists and turns. The future hero was born in 1891 in the Kharkov province, on the Kostev farm, in the family of a poor peasant. The help of his sisters allowed him to graduate from a three-year city school, which was a great achievement for a peasant child. Having started his career as a military man even before the revolution, Kolyada served through the First World War with the rank of ensign, and then decisively supported the Bolsheviks and became a member of the city Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. For Bolshevik agitation, the Petliurists threw him into prison, but Kolyada escaped and created one of the first partisan detachments in the Smolensk region. He successfully defended Vinnitsa from the troops of Ataman Shepel, defeated Petliura, and in 1920 he was appointed military commissar of the 57th Infantry Division. The young hero of the revolution, who had not yet grown a thick beard and had not received the nickname Dad, even then showed himself to be an extraordinary person with excellent abilities for organization, command and bold tactical decisions. IN free time Kolyada studied constantly. When things calmed down a little in the country, he entered the Chinese department of the Far Eastern University and came out knowing two languages - English and Chinese.
“No activity data”
The reference issued to Kolyada’s relatives after his arrest states: “During his time in the partisan detachments (July - September 1942), the former commander of the partisan detachments Kolyada proved himself exceptionally negative side" Every letter of this reply breathes lies.
On June 22, 1941, Nikifor Kolyada was already 50 years old. He held a good position and was not subject to conscription due to his age, but immediately wrote a statement to the Central Committee with a request to send him to the front. Taking into account Bati’s partisan experience, he was sent to the Smolensk region in the German rear, where over the course of a year, under difficult conditions, he gathered tens of thousands of people around him and created a strong, combat-ready partisan movement. By July 1942, he was already leading the activities of 20 detachments in six regions. Bati's fighters blocked roads and destroyed enemy communications, and blew up railway tracks. At the height of the war, they liberated more than 230 points in which they restored Soviet power, and also brought more than a thousand children out of occupation. The Nazis’ operation to destroy the partisans “Last Harvest” and an attempt to dislodge them from their stronghold - Sloboda - failed.
Arrest
At the end of September, Batya was urgently summoned to Moscow. He attended a reception with the Secretary of the Central Committee Andreev and the commander of the partisan movement Voroshilov, and immediately after was arrested. Having avoided falling under the comb of repression in the 30s, Kolyada still did not escape his fate. Formally, he was accused of treacherous work in favor of the German occupiers and the fight against the local population, turning a blind eye to the fact that police units acted as the local population, and also that “livestock, food, and fodder were confiscated from the population, which led to discredit Soviet power", in an unstable moral character (despite the fact that Kolyada was married, he started relationships with partisan girls).
In fact, the reason for the arrest was most likely a conflict with the head of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement P. Ponomarenko, who opposed large partisan formations, as well as disagreements with the secretary of the Smolensk regional committee D. Popov. According to Ponomarenko, Dad criticized the leadership in his presence: “The leaflets scattered by the regional committee do not matter. Party bodies discredited themselves. The retreat, evacuation, etc. undermined the people's faith in the party organ. It is necessary to distribute leaflets on behalf of people who have won the respect of the people through their struggle. My leaflets signed by me in the Smolensk region could play a big role. They know me everywhere."
During interrogations, Dad did not admit the charge of treason, and the facts of looting are clearly evidenced by the report of the NKVD officer who conducted a search in the apartment. “No arrest was imposed because the defendant does not have any valuable personal property,” the report said.
Nevertheless, the wheels started turning, and Nikifor Kolyada was sentenced to labor camps for 20 years. He was released early immediately after Stalin's death, completely rehabilitated and found innocent. But the health of the hero of the Smolensk region was already seriously undermined - the legendary Dad died of a heart attack in March 1955.
Didn't have time to reforge
Repression and constant rotation of personnel are one of the integral features of a totalitarian system. Bati’s story is a textbook example of how a bright, charismatic person, accustomed to proving patriotism not with words, but with deeds, fell into its millstone. Having concentrated several thousand armed fighters under his command, having wide fame and location masses, as well as a certain popularity in the West (the Queen of England even awarded him a personalized dagger), Nikifor Kolyada could not help but arouse concern at the top, especially since he did not restrain his tongue and allowed himself sharp criticism of the authorities. In the era of tightening the screws, such an outcome, unfortunately, is not uncommon.
