The birthplace of futsal or mini-football is Brazil, on whose famous beaches arose in the 20s of the last century. new game, which quickly crossed borders and gained popularity in most countries of South America.
In 1930, the first rules of the game were developed, and in the 50s, national federations began to emerge, which in 1960 united a confederation of South American countries. On its basis, the International Indoor Football Federation, abbreviated as FIFUSA, arose in 1971.
In 1982, FIFUSA hosted the first Futsal World Championship. The game began to spread in Europe, although the rules of the game were somewhat different from the rules established in South American countries. The game differed not only in the rules, in the requirements for goals scored from outside the penalty area, in contact wrestling, in the replacement of players, but also in the size and weight of the ball. However, thanks to the same roots, between sports disciplines there was a lot in common. Fighting games were played on courts of equal size, generally corresponding to handball courts. The gates were also borrowed from the “hand ball”. There is also a rule adapted from basketball: if a team’s players have collectively committed more than five rule violations, each subsequent one is punishable by a penalty. Game time is limited to two halves of twenty minutes.
The growing popularity of “minor football” attracted the attention of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), which took under its auspices the type of “minor football” that was guided by the European version of the rules. This game is called mini-football.
In 1989, FIFA held the first mini-football world championship, which was won by... Brazil. Thus, two competing federations emerged, one of which “played! According to the new FIFA rules, and the other according to the old ones, from FIFUS.
In a situation of rivalry between closely related sports, the one that had more financial resources began to win, i.e. powerful FIFA. Naturally, a number of Brazilian futsal players chose to switch to the more promising mini-football. A way out of the current situation, i.e. the existence of two parallel organizations could lead to the entry of FIFUS into the ranks of FIFA as a collective member. To facilitate integration, FIFA is gradually reforming the rules of futsal, achieving rapprochement with futsal. To emphasize the unity of the two games, FIFA renamed futsal to futsal. So now mini-football does not exist - there is futsal according to FIFA rules and futsal according to FIFUS rules.
Futsal and mini-football in Russia
Already in 1959, i.e. a year after entering Europe, futsal began to be cultivated in Latvia, which was then part of the USSR. Then amateurs in Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Lithuania and Georgia began to become interested in it. In 1972, Dynamo Kiev took part in a mini-football tournament organized in Austria. After this, it was decided to use mini-football tournaments as stages of pre-season training for teams major league. Soon, mini-football was officially recognized: a mini-football committee arose within the structure of the USSR Football Federation and the first national championship was held.
After the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Mini-Football Association (AMFR), a member of FIFA, took up the development of mini-football. Even earlier, in 1991, the Russian Futsal Federation arose, which became a member of FIFUSA. The two organizations practically did not overlap with each other in their activities. Each held the Russian Championship in its own way, and each achieved success on the international stage. Russian national teams, both futsal and futsal, have won European championships, and Russia also has trophies at the youth and women's levels.
Futsal ball size
Historically, in Russia they play with a futsal (previously called mini-futsal) ball of size 4. The weight of these balls is 400–440 g, the diameter of the circle is 62–64 cm. At the same time, Select designated such balls as balls of size 3, because objectively they do not fit the FIFA criteria for a size 4 ball, namely the circumference should be 63.5–66 cm. Thus, a real futsal (mini-soccer) ball has a size of 3.5, but Select designated it as 3, and in Russia it called 4. For all models of futsal (mini soccer) balls designed in 2008, the size will be indicated in cm, i.e. the circumference will be indicated.
The Select assortment also includes an Indoor Five model specifically for classic mini-football, weighing 330–360 g and with a circumference of 64–66 cm, those. Slightly larger and lighter than the traditional Russian size 4 ball. The Indoor Five model was developed specifically for indoor sports, for playing on hard surfaces in collaboration with the federations of the Scandinavian countries. Select designates its Indoor Five size as 4, but for “our” futsal, it is a size 4.5. Despite the parameters differing from those traditional for Russia, the ball is very popular among buyers.
IN early XIX century, the inhabitants of England, who are the direct founders of football, adopted a certain standard of balls with which they play football. It was developed by the English Football Association. What are the characteristics of the ball? Its standard length is 67-71 cm, weight varies from 368 to 425 grams. It is surprising that the circumference parameters have been preserved to this day, but the weight characteristics have undergone changes. The weight of the ball has increased significantly since 1937: according to standards from 410 to 425 grams, and since then it has remained unchanged.
In the old days, people also played games similar to football in our time. The role of the ball was then played by the skull of a person or animal. It was pre-covered with leather or the bladders of various large animals, such as cows or pigs, were used.
Since the 1970s, balls of the same brand – Adidas – have been increasingly used for playing at the World Cup. It’s interesting that by the beginning of any world football championship, Adidas was improving and creating a new appearance their balls.
Geographically large number balls are produced in Pakistan. At the same time, the main production is concentrated in one city - Sialkot.
Unusual is the fact that balls for official games at the FIFA World Cup receive their unique name. Moreover, this name was not taken from nowhere; it correlates with the way of life and the characteristics of the country where the Championship is held. For example, for a football forum held in the 80s of the 20th century in Mexico, sports company Adidas developed a ball called Azteca. On the black parts of this ball there are patterns of the well-known Aztecs. And in Italy, at a world football championship match held in the 90s, football players played with a ball that was called “EtruscoUnico”, which translates as “Etruscan Lions”. In addition to the images of the heads of those Etruscan lions, they contained a mention of the people of antiquity - the Etruscans, who at one time were located on the territory of Italy.
In addition to mass and circumference soccer ball, the rules of the game, which have already been approved, also determine what the ball is made of, its atmospheric pressure, color and even, oddly enough, its shape.
A survey was conducted among football players, and, in their opinion, best choice There will be a purchase of UMBRO brand footballs. They share the same opinion famous football players, world stars of the game and even FIFA experts.
Let's talk about what types of soccer balls there are.
In 1855, the first soccer ball was produced. Its creator was Charles Goodyear. At that time, its material was rubber. The use of rubber as a material significantly strengthened the ball and increased its rebound characteristics. In the early 1960s, completely synthetic material began to be used to make balls. Then there were balls made of leather shell, but in the late 80s they were replaced by balls made of synthetics. This is due to the lower cost, greater softness of the football ball and moisture-resistant characteristics. Nowadays balls are made from genuine leather or other materials that meet certain parameters.
According to geometric characteristics, balls come in sizes:
- 1st. They have 32 parts. The length of their roundness is no more than 43 cm.
- 2nd. It consists of 26 or 32 parts. The length of its roundness is 56 cm, and its weight is no more than 283 grams.
- 3rd. It consists of 32 parts, weight - no more than 340 grams, and the length of the roundness is no more than 61 cm.
- 4th. This size is the standard for mini-football competitions. The weight of the ball varies from 369 to 425 g, and the length of the ball varies from 63.5 to 66 cm.
- 5th. These balls are used in all FIFA championships around the world. Their circumference varies from 68 to 70 cm, and their weight is no more than 450 g.
According to the international standard, the characteristics of the ball are as follows:
- the ball is made of leather or similar material suitable for playing football;
— the length of the ball’s roundness is standard — from 68 to 70 cm;
— the mass of the ball has also not changed in recent decades and varies from 410 to 450 g;
— during the game, the pressure of the ball must be no less than 0.6 atmospheres and no more than 1.1 atmospheres;
— according to standards, a ball participating in the championship must be size 5.
FIFA rules, which apply to all football, impose strict oversight on quality control. This system establishes that all balls used under the FIFA logo and participating in competitions must be marked with special signs “FIFA INSPECTED” or “FIFA APPROVED”. In order for a ball to earn such a quality mark, balls from brands such as UMBRO, Adidas, etc. are subjected to many tests. These tests consist of checking the weight of the ball, monitoring the length of its roundness, resistance to moisture, monitoring the bounce of the ball and its ability to hold pressure.
A soccer ball is also necessary for holding training sessions, and for match meetings at professional and amateur level. For a spectacular and effective game of football, you need not just a round projectile - only sports equipment branded manufacturers will allow both players and fans to enjoy the game. The online store has a wide selection of balls for professional players and for those who are just learning the basics of football. These are models for playing on artificial and synthetic turf, on clay, and on hard indoor surfaces. Equipment from Nike, Adidas, Puma, Select, Uhlsport will last for more than one season in various weather conditions and during intense play.
When choosing and purchasing a soccer ball, pay attention to a number of criteria:
· covering - natural or artificial turf, soil, gym;
· size – children's soccer (size 3-4), futsal (size 4) and balls for big football(size 5);
· tire material - polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, genuine leather;
· type of stitching - thermal stitching (the camera frame and panels are glued in a special form at high temperatures), manual and machine stitching with nylon thread.
Professional balls for big football, used in official competitions under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA, receive special licenses based on the results of quality tests:
· FIFA Approved: tests for weight, circumference and sphericity, as well as moisture absorption, rebound, pressure loss and sphericity retention after 2000 blows of a certain force;
· FIFA Inspected or IMS: same tests except 2000 shots.
The models presented in the online store website comply with international standards and are intended for matches of the most high level.
Brands - manufacturers
The legendary soccer balls from Adidas should rightfully be put in first place:
· professional models are certified by a famous football association;
· models belong to the middle and high price categories;
· professional Adidas soccer balls are used at all major world competitions;
· most teams are professional football leagues and national football teams use exactly this equipment;
· manufacturing technologies are constantly being improved: new panel shapes are being developed, aerodynamic characteristics are being improved, and the latest models use an innovative method called thermal cross-linking.
The American concern Nike is a prominent competitor to Adidas products: thanks to the use modern technologies and product quality, the company managed to obtain the status of an official supplier of gaming equipment professional teams- Nike soccer balls are used in top-level competitions.
Select is not yet such a popular brand, but footballs from this manufacturer, intended for amateurs and professionals, show their worth only with the best side. Thanks to the top level of quality and reliability, they are used in games in Russian First division and other official match meetings.
Buy balls at a good price
You can buy soccer balls from 320 rubles, of various sizes and characteristics, in the online store website: game balls, training balls, souvenir balls and high-tech balls - any model presented in the category corresponds to the manufacturer’s description. Play football, score brilliant goals and win, and the equipment purchased here will help you with this!
Many people who are far from football may think that it always has the same size. However, this is far from true, and if you think so, then you are missing many aspects of such a soccer ball. Its dimensions can vary greatly depending on, for example, what purpose this projectile serves. There are five sizes in total, which do not have any special name, so they are all simply numbered - from one to five. So, it's time to find out how big a soccer ball can be. Size can be very important for those people who want to play this sport professionally. If you play football exclusively in the yard with friends, then physical indicators the ball is unlikely to play a particularly important role for you.
First size
What kind of projectile could a soccer ball be? The sizes start from the first, and the first is considered to be the ball that has a circumference of 43 centimeters. This is a so-called promotional ball that is never used for play. It is created exclusively for advertising and exhibition purposes, so a large number of different logos are always imprinted on it. People who are a little familiar with this field of activity may at first think that such a ball cannot be played. But in reality it turns out that it is made from all the same materials as regular gaming equipment. The only difference is the smaller size and weight. Accordingly, if you wish, you can safely play football using this soccer ball. The sizes, naturally, do not stop at one - there are four more different types of balls ahead of you.
Second size
If you are wondering about the size of a soccer ball used in official matches, then you will not get an answer yet. The fact is that the second size is also often used for advertising purposes, but not as often as the first. The main purpose of these balls is training, especially for beginner football players, that is, small children. a ball of the second size does not exceed 56 centimeters, and its mass is significantly less than the mass of a full-fledged ball - about 280 grams. Professional football players can also work with such equipment, but they use them mainly to improve their technique and level of ball control, which is achieved due to its lightness. As you may have already noticed, not everyone immediately understands how it is calculated. In official data, it is not indicated in the first place - traditionally it is the circumference that is considered, so it is indicated specifically, as well as the weight of the ball. These are the two main characteristics that determine the size of the projectile.
Third size
This size is also used mainly for training small children, since its dimensions are also small - only 61 centimeters in circumference and 340 grams of weight. Naturally, this is larger than the second size, but still not so much to be considered a full-fledged gaming equipment. But of all three sizes, this one is the closest to a full-fledged ball.
Fourth size
This size stands out from the rest because these balls are designed for mini-football. The size of a mini soccer ball is different from that used for a big game. Its circumference does not exceed 64 centimeters, and its weight is 440 grams. But at the same time, in this case, there are already restrictions on the other side of the scale - that is, the ball must be at least 62 centimeters in circumference and at least 400 grams in weight. In balls of such a high level, other indicators are already checked, such as the pressure inside the projectile. Moreover, a number of experiments are carried out to check quality - for example, if a ball falls from a height of two meters, then its rebound should not exceed 65 centimeters, but should not be less than fifty centimeters. In general, everything becomes much more strict and clear.
Fifth size
Well, the last size, as you might have guessed, is the balls that are used in all official professional football competitions. This ball weighs about 450 grams and has a circumference of 68 to 70 centimeters. It is immediately worth noting that balls corresponding to this size are the most popular, widespread and in demand. This is indicated by statistics, thanks to which you can find out that more balls of size five are produced annually than balls of four sizes combined. Therefore, most likely, you associate a soccer ball in your head with a size five projectile, even when you do not suspect that there are more than one size. But now you are aware that the sizes of the balls can be different, and according to them, the projectiles are used for different purposes. And each size is important in its own way.
The weight of a soccer ball at the start of the match is no more than 450 grams; by the end of the game, the ball weighs no less than 410 grams. Soccer ball weight standards were established in 1937, previously permissible weight ball weight varied from 368 to 425 grams. Other parameters of a soccer ball include its shape: it must be round, with a circumference from 68.6 to 71.7 cm.
There are several sizes of soccer balls.
| Purpose of the ball | Options |
| Size 1 | |
| Used for advertising products, placement of logos, stitched from 32 elements (12 pentagons and 20 hexagons) | Circumference no more than 43 cm |
| Size 2 | |
| Designed for teaching children from 4 years of age to play football, from 4 years of age, well suited for training in ball handling techniques | Circumference no more than 56 cm, weight no more than 283.5 grams |
| Size 3 | |
| Suitable for training children from 8 years old, made of synthetic materials and PVC, consisting of 32 panels | Circumference no more than 61 cm. Weight no more than 340 grams. |
| Size 4 | |
| Used for playing futsal | Circumference 63.5-66cm, weight: 369-425 grams, 350-390 grams, 310-330 grams, 400-440 grams futsal ball weight |
| Size 5 | |
| Designed for playing in official football games, held under the auspices of FIFA, for participants over 12 years of age. In terms of the number of balls produced, this type surpasses all other standard sizes combined. | Circumference 68-70cm |
A soccer ball is “long-lived.” At the initial stage of the emergence of football, it was made from the bladder of animals.
Such equipment was not durable and often broke during a fight on the field. 1838 was the year of the invention of vulcanized rubber and the date of the first ball made of rubber. Thanks to this discovery, soccer balls began to be mass-produced in industrial settings.
The weight of a soccer ball at the start of the match is no more than 450 grams.
The ball consists of several elements: a tire, a lining and an inner tube. Initially, the tire was made of genuine leather, tires modern balls are made using synthetic materials, since genuine leather tends to absorb moisture and “weight” the ball. The main materials used to make tires are polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
The lining is the inner layer between the lid and the chamber. This element is an important quality component of the ball. The rebound of the ball and its shape depend on what material was used in manufacturing.
The ball's chamber is made of butyl, latex or polyurethane. The latex chamber retains air for a shorter time, but compared to the butyl chamber, it is softer and more elastic.
How much does a basketball weigh?
Basketball (from the English basket - basket, ball - ball), popular look a sport that has a large number of fans in the world. This game uses a ball that has a recognizable shape and color. The spherical orange ball is often found on sports symbols and is difficult to confuse with other types of sports balls.
The weight of a basketball depends on its size:
| Circumference, mm | Weight, g |
| Size 3 | |
| 560-580 | 300-330 |
| Size 5 | |
| 690-710 | 470-500 |
| Size 6 | |
| 720-740 | 500-540 |
| Size 7 | |
| 750-780 | 567-650 |
The largest and heaviest ball is officially used in men's team competitions. The weight of a women's basketball is less than that of a men's basketball and is 500-540 grams.
The ball consists of eight panels, the borders of which are highlighted with a black stripe. Distinctive feature A basketball is its surface, which is covered with dots that make it easier for the athlete to grip the sports equipment. In total there are from 10 to 35 thousand, depending on the model of the ball.
How much does a volleyball weigh?
Volleyball is the easiest of famous balls, used on sports competitions. Its circumference is 65-67 cm; weight - 260-280 g. An important parameter for a volleyball is the internal pressure, it is 0.300 - 0.325 kg/cm 2 (294.3-318.82 hPa). Volleyballs used in beach volleyball are slightly lower.
The surface of the sports equipment can be white or colored; this parameter is not regulated. It consists of six panels, each of which has three rows or sections. The birthplace of volleyball is the USA. The creators of the game included interesting elements from tennis, handball, basketball and baseball into this sport. The official year of the birth of volleyball is considered to be 1895.
The volleyball originally used the bladder from a basketball. Throughout its history, the volleyball has undergone a major transformation: first it decreased in size, then a winding and an outer covering, which was made of leather, appeared on the camera, all design changes were associated with a change in the appearance of the volleyball.
The final modernization of the ball was the release in 2008 of a projectile with smoother joints, which began to be glued together rather than stitched, which changed the aerodynamic characteristics of the ball for the better.
How much does a baseball weigh?
A baseball, unlike its “colleagues” football, volleyball and basketball balls, has a more modest size and weight. The girth of the ball is from 22.9 to 23.5 cm, weight is 142 grams. The design of the ball is multi-layered: it has a cork or rubber core, wrapped in yarn and a top leather covering. To make one ball, one kilometer or more of yarn is required. During World War II, to save materials, the core of a baseball was made from golf balls. Modern equipment is made using synthetic and polymer materials, but is considered to be of low quality and at important competitions, balls made from natural materials are still used.
During one game, up to several dozen balls can be replaced due to the appearance of chips and cracks on them, as well as in cases where the projectile was caught by a fan. In some cases, players ask to return a thrown ball when a ball flight record has been set, in exchange for a trophy, the fan receives a souvenir autographed by the player.
The replacement of balls was made mandatory after the death of a baseball player due to a sports projectile hitting the head, due to the fact that the victim did not see the contaminated ball at dusk.
Baseball players are equipped with serious equipment that protects them from injury because average speed A baseball thrown by a player can reach 95 miles per hour, which is equal to the speed of a car on a highway (about 153 km/h). The speed record and the limit of human physical capabilities is considered to be a ball flying at a speed of 105 miles per hour.
Precautions are required in any sports game, using football, basketball or volleyball balls. Despite the light weight of the ball, this sports equipment can develop significant speed when thrown or hit. Therefore, when preparing for competitions, serious attention is paid to the safety of the participants in the games: equipment and protective equipment for athletes.
