The fleet's need for ship repair is determined by the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fleet (the number of ships of various types and purposes, their displacement, the nature of the technical equipment, the average age of the ships), the characteristics of operation, the intensity of material and obsolescence of technical equipment.
The efficiency of vessel operation is reduced as a result of lost time caused by various downtimes, including downtime necessary to eliminate defects. A set of measures aimed at ensuring trouble-free use of ships and reducing downtime caused by various problems is usually called technical operation. Technical operation consists of the direct use of equipment, its maintenance and repair.
Proper use of equipment by the ship's crew during watch duty is the key to reliable and economical operation of the vessel. Improving technical use consists of determining the optimal operating modes of the equipment, improving methods of daily control and establishing the most rational forms of organizing watch service. Target maintenance during operation - performing work to maintain the material part of the vessel within acceptable limits. It is carried out by the vessel's crew without any technical assistance.
The main indicators of technical operation are: the duration of the vessel's operational period, downtime rates, technical speed, crew productivity and transportation costs.
The main condition for the effective operation and repair of a vessel is the establishment of its optimal overhaul periods based on a study of actual wear and tear and standards for maximum permissible wear of parts, hull structures, pipelines, electrical cables, etc. The criterion that determines the need for planned preventative repairs of equipment, machinery, parts and the vessel as a whole is not its complete wear, but the normalized maximum permissible wear. Between repair periods of ship technical equipment are established based on the technically justified wear of their elements and the economic feasibility of repairs, with mandatory consideration of actual operating conditions.
Figure 1.1 – General view RTMK-s "Moonzund"
The vessel has an unlimited navigation area and is intended for fishing with bottom and pelagic trawls in remote areas of the World Ocean in conditions of autonomous or expeditionary fishing, freezing processed or uncut fish, processing non-food bycatch and fish processing waste into feed meal and technical fat, production of canned fish and semi-finished medical fat, storage of products, delivery to transport ships or transportation of products to the port.
The vessel meets the safety requirements of the convention fishing vessels(1977), International Convention on Load Lines (1966), International Convention on Marine Pollution (1973). The vessel also meets the requirements of the Sanitary Rules for Sea Vessels (1964) and the Safety Rules on Vessels of the Fishing Industry Fleet (1973).
1.2 General information
Project: Atlantic -488;
Maritime Register class: KM ML1 1 A2 (fishing);
Construction plant: Volkswerft, Stralsund, GDR;
Year of construction: 1986
Main elements:
| Length, m: | |
| · greatest | 120,7 |
| Between perpendiculars | |
| Maximum width, m | 19,02 |
| Side height, m: | |
| · to the main deck | 9,20 |
| · to the upper deck | 12,22 |
| Draft, m: | |
| · empty | |
| · nose | 4,46 |
| · stern | 5,24 |
| · in cargo | |
| · nose | 6,63 |
| · stern | 6,63 |
| · largest stern | 6,65 |
| Displacement, t: | |
| · empty | |
| · greatest | |
| Deadweight, t | |
| Vessel capacity: | |
| gross | |
| · clean | |
| Load capacity, t | 2047,7 |
| Speed, kt | 15.06 (at N=5035 kW, Δ=9166 t) |
| Fuel autonomy, days | |
| Number of beds |
1.3 Cargo spaces
Table 1.1 - Cargo spaces
1.7 Ballast, t:
1.8.2 Anchor
1.8.3 Steering
1.8.4 Mooring and towing
1.9 Field equipment
1.9.1 Fishing gear: bottom and pelagic trawl.
1.9.2 Mechanisms
Table 1.2 - Field winches (drive type - electric)
| Winch | Brand | Coli- | Traction | Speed | Length | Diameter |
| quality, | effort | choosing, | rope | rope, | ||
| pcs. | m/min | m | m | |||
| Warehouse | JTKW480 | 200(2) | ||||
| Cable | ||||||
| network | 2JNW14 | 100(10) | ||||
| Exhaust | JHW160 | 160(16) | 33,6 | |||
| For | ||||||
| drying | 5HW100 | 105(10,5) | 40,2 | |||
| trawl | ||||||
| For | ||||||
| pourings | 5HW100 | 105(10,5) | 40,2 | |||
| catch | ||||||
| For | ||||||
| storage | JKSW37 | 18,7(1,9) | 43,2 | |||
| vaera | ||||||
| For | ||||||
| reset | 31,65 | 29,4(3) | 37,2 | |||
| trawl in | ||||||
| water |
1.10 Life-saving appliances
1.11 Power plant
| Type | Diesel-geared |
| Main engine: | |
| · Type, brand | Diesel, 6VDS 42/48 AL-2 |
| 2 x 2650 | |
| 8,55 (500) | |
| Auxiliary engines: | |
| · Type, brand | Diesel, 8VD 26/20 AL-2 |
| · quantity x power, kW | 2 x 890 |
| · rotation speed, s -1 (rpm) | 16,67 (1000) |
| Emergency engines: | |
| · Type, brand | Diesel, 8NVD 26.20 |
| · quantity x power, kW | 1 x 147 |
| · rotation speed, s -1 (rpm) | 12,5 (750) |
| Main gearbox: | |
| · Type, brand | Summing, 10AO-2 x 1400 x 3.275 |
| Deadwood: | |
| lubricant | oil |
| type of seal | DMR |
| Propulsion: | |
| · type | VRS |
| · quantity | |
| material | Bronze |
| · diameter, m | |
| disk ratio | 0,57 |
| number of blades | |
| · rotation speed, s -1 (rpm) | 2,55 (153) |
| Auxiliary boilers: | |
| · brand | ESH |
| 1 x 6.,3 | |
| · pressure, mPa (kgf/cm 2) | 0.6h0.8 (6.0h8.0) |
| Recovery boilers: | |
| · brand | AKSR |
| · quantity x productivity, t/h | 2 x 1.28 |
| · pressure, mPa (kgf/cm 2) | 0,9…1,2 (9,0…12,0) |
| Desalinators: |
1.12 PMZ means
1.13 Ship power sources
1.13.1 Basic
1.13.2 Emergency:
1.14 Industrial refrigeration unit
1. 14.1 General information
Purpose: cooling of holds, technological consumers, pre-cooling of fish, freezing of fish.
Maritime Register class: X M R
Refrigerant: Freon 22
Design temperatures, °C:
1.14.3 Cooling system
Holds of frozen products: air, direct cooling;
Fishmeal holds: air, coolant;
Freezers: direct cooling;
Pre-cooling of fish and technological consumers: coolant.
1.14.4 Freezers:
Air conditioning system with independent air conditioners
1.15 Process equipment
Types of products: canned food, frozen products, fish feed meal and technical fish oil, semi-finished medical oil.
1.15.1 Productivity of production lines:
| canned food, tubes/day | |
| frozen products, t/day | |
| fish feed meal and technical fish oil t/day (based on raw materials) | 50-60 |
| p/f medical fat, t/day (based on raw materials) |
1.15.2 Performance of installed equipment
2. Ship power plant and features of its operation
2.1 General characteristics of the SPP
The trawler's power plant includes:
Diesel geared unit with two main drive engines type 6M32S with a power of 2x2880 kW and a reduction gearbox type YuAO-2X 1400X3.921;
Two auxiliary diesel generators with drive engines 8M20 and 6M20 with a power of 1520 and 1140 kW;
one auxiliary steam boiler type ESH 6.3 with a steam capacity of 6300 kg/h at a steam pressure of 0.7-0.8 MPa;
Emergency diesel generator with drive engine type 6NVD26-2 with a power of 147 kW;
Auxiliary mechanisms and equipment.
The vessel's power plant provides for automation, control and signaling to the extent that complies with the requirements of the Register of the Russian Federation for the automation mark A2 (service of the power plant with a central control unit during periodic walk-through of the engine room while underway and unattended service while moored).
2.2 Diesel gear unit
The main twin-engine power plant with a summing gearbox is installed in the aft part of the engine room. The layout of the propeller installation is shown in Fig. 2.1
Figure 2.1 – Kinematic diagram DRA of the vessel "Atlantic - 488"
1 - alternating current shaft generator DGFSO 1421-6;
2 - reduction gear 1 OAO-2X 1400X3.921;
3 - clutch KAR 340;
4 - thrust bearing;
5 - clutch KAR 340;
6 - elastic coupling HEK 180 W-2-2;
7 - alternating current shaft generator DGFSO 1421-6;
8 - pitch change mechanism (PMC);
9 - adjustable pitch propeller (CPG).
A single-stage, cylindrical, reduction gearbox transmits torque from the drive motors to a four-bladed variable pitch propeller (CPG) with a reduction in rotation speed to 153 min-1, as well as to three-phase current shaft generators (VG) with an increase in rotation speed up to 1000 min-1.
The water pipeline consists of three intermediate (support) shafts and a short shaft, made of SK 35 steel; the shafts rest on five support bearings of steel casting GS 50.3 with Babbitt filling. The shafts have riveted flanges and are connected by tight-fitting bolts. On the bulkhead in the area of the thirty-ninth frame there is a bulkhead seal, and in the area of the seventeenth there is a short circuit device. A shaft clamp is installed for installation work.
The main engines are connected to the gearbox by pneumatic couplings type KAR 140. Power is taken from the gearbox to the AC shaft generators through elastic couplings type HEK 180 W-2-2.
2.3 Design parameters of the auxiliary motor
Diesels of the SKL brand type VD 26/20 AL - 2 (8 ChN 26/20) are non-reversible four-stroke single-action engines of a trunk design. They have gas turbine supercharging. The entire model range covers six and eight cylinder engines designed according to block principle from fully standardized structural elements.
In four-stroke engines, the slave cylinder consists of a starting stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke. During the intake stroke, the charge enters the cylinders through the turbine of the gas turbocharger. During the compression process, the charge undergoes self-ignition of the fuel. The latter begins shortly before the end of the turn. During the working stroke the charge burns out. The combustion products expand and transfer their energy to the pistons. During the exhaust stroke, the exhaust gases are squeezed out of the cylinders by the pistons. The residual energy of the exhaust gases is used in the gas turbocharger turbine to drive the impeller. The main design parameters are given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 – Design dimensions
| Name | Unit of measurement | Options |
| Engine type Design | - - | 8 VD 26/20 AL - 2 vertical, in-line, four-stroke diesel engine with water cooling and direct injection, non-reversible, with gas turbine supercharging and charge air cooling |
| Number of cylinders | - | |
| Cylinder diameter Piston stroke Displacement of one | mm mm dm 3 | 8,16 |
| cylinder Engine displacement Compression ratio | dm 3 | 65,28 12,5 |
| Continuous power | kW (hp) | 882(1200) |
| Nominal speed | rpm | |
| Starting speed | rpm | |
| Average effective pressure | MPa (kgf/cm) | 1,621 (16,53) |
| Maximum pressure | MPa (kgf/cm 2) | 12,7 -1 (130 -10) |
2.4 Foundation frame
The base frame serves as a supporting structure for the engine and for installing the crankshaft support in it. The high location of the connector between the foundation frame and the cylinder block provides greater rigidity of the form, which is required in order to create conditions for strict alignment of the bearing line. In addition, this makes possible a favorable transfer of tensile forces in the foundation frame.
The base frame and cylinder block are made of gray cast iron. Half-anchors create a rigid connection between both parts of the frame and absorb forces from gas pressure transmitted to the crankshaft through the piston and connecting rod.
2.5 Cylinder liners
Cylinder liners are pressed into the cylinder block, which are washed with cooling water. In case of wear, the bushings are replaced with new ones.
2.6 Cylinder cover
Cylinder covers provide a seal between the cylinder block and the liner. The cylinder head contains inlet and exhaust valves. The valve actuators are lubricated under pressure and are each individually enclosed in an oil-tight light metal cap. The starting, safety and indicator valves and the nozzle are located outside the lining.
2.7 Pistons
The pistons are made of high quality aluminum-silicon alloy. They are equipped with three sealing rings and two oil scraper rings. The pistons are composite. They have a screw-on top part made of steel and cooled with oil.
The connecting rod is forged in a die. The connecting rod rod and the crank head cover are made with an oblique connector at an angle of 45. The connecting rod bearings consist of thin-walled liners without shoulders.
2.9 Crankshaft
The crankshaft is made of high quality steel, solid forged and machined. The shaft journals are not hardened. Counterweights are installed on the cheeks of the crankshaft.
The crankshaft is mounted on frame bearings. The latter, like connecting rod bearings, are thin-walled liners without collars. The axial direction of the crankshaft is carried out by the guide bearing.
2.10 Camshaft
The engine has valve timing. The camshaft is made of two parts, composite in length, and is driven from the crankshaft through gears. The cam washers are individual and are secured to the camshaft with keys.
2.11 Fuel supply
The hydraulically boosted governor, driven by the fuel pump drive shaft, keeps engine speed approximately constant. It directly affects the regulation of the fuel pump flow through the control lever system.
2.12 Starting the engine
Compressed air is used to start the engine. It is pumped into the air cylinders by the starting compressor. The air intake is controlled by the main start valve, start control spools and start valves.
2.13 Gas turbocharger
The gas turbocharger attached to the engine consists of a drive turbine and a compressor. It uses the energy resource contained in the exhaust gases for boosting. After the gas turbine supercharger there is a charge air cooler.
2.14 Fuel system
Fuel supply is carried out by a block fuel pump installed on the engine, which is pre-connected to a fuel priming pump. Fuel injection is carried out using the direct method. For this purpose, a nozzle with a multi-hole atomizer with a conical seat is used. To clean the fuel, a two-section switchable filter with cardboard cartridges is used.
2.15 Lubrication system
The lubrication system serves to lubricate rubbing parts. Part of the lubricating oil is also used to cool the engine pistons. A rotary filter located in parallel flow facilitates additional fine oil purification. A fine oil filter is used to clean the lubricating oil for the gas turbocharger. The gear pump ensures sufficient oil circulation.
2.16 Cooling system
The engine is cooled by a centralized cooling system. The supply of cooling water in the external and internal circuits is carried out by centrifugal pumps installed separately, one in each circuit. At the same time, the circulating water of the internal circuit is cooled
re-sea water of the external circuit in a water cooler installed centrally away from the engine.
To ensure easier access and readout of instrument readings, footrests are located on the control side.
2.17 Transporting the engine
For transportation, it is necessary to use two steel cables with a diameter d (tensile strength 1373 MPa - 140 kgf/mm 2) and a minimum length L. The engine is suspended using a lifting device attached to the cylinder covers when the engine is delivered.
Vessel repairs are carried out according to the PPR system, which provides for the periodic performance of intervoyage, extended intervoyage, medium and major repairs in accordance with industry standards.
The same RTMK-S.....
Almost the same one, below, in the photos, the lead steamship of the entire RTMK-S series of the “Moonzund” type, Project Atlantic 488 and of course his name is “Moonzund” and his number is 901.. it was built and they were at the shipyards in the city. Stralsund, in that same DDR.. at one time they were wow, super-duper modern, with the latest (at that time of course) filling in the fish shop (for example, at the next one, "George Kask" fillet lines were installed, Swedish-VMK , a sailor who worked a flight on it, after that received the category of senior sailor, which means an increase in share when dividing up the spoils))), that is, a fish processor was compared to a sailor for mining, you know that))) it’s like our cosmonauts - the first to all become Heroes Soviet Union))
I was on it on its third voyage, we left in 1987, in February, from Tallinn and traveled diagonally along the Atlantic from NE to SW to Drake, and from there, having stayed in the fishery for six months in the 40s, we ascended to the port of Callao or, by land, to Lima))) the entire passage to the fishery, they rolled "canned food (K-in the abbreviation means precisely its ability, in addition to everything that is required for a trawler, to also roll up jars of fish, for which there was a small one on board, but a very powerful workshop in terms of volume, also with super-duper imported equipment and a special canning hold), having collected frozen fish for this in its port.. the transition lasted 35 days, until the first trawl..
What am I talking about? What I mean is that these days it was a steamship of this type called “Oleg Naydenov” that was arrested by the Senegalese authorities.. these photos are not of him himself, of course, it’s the same one, “Moonzund” (sold and drunk, launched By the way, in 98, needles and bitches ((((, but from these photos you can imagine what the Senegalese fools encroached on...
Here is his TTD-http://www.soviet-trawler.narod.ru/pages_r/ussr/moonzund_r.html
I don’t have any photos of myself, or rather they do exist, but in the form of slides and they have already faded, so I had to steal the portraits” in Odnoklassniki, may my classmates forgive me)))..
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
In the field..in this photo he is carrying me somewhere in the holds, the photo is marked 1987))
The image is reduced. Click to see original.
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
Coming out of the Stralsund plant...
The image is reduced. Click to see original.
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
And this is being prepared for the first voyage in the Fishing Port of Tallinn in 1986....
The image is reduced. Click to see original.
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
A little not sharp, but still beautiful)))
The image is reduced. Click to see original.
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
And this is apparently during the transition, when everything is washed and everything is dumped overboard... this is such a large fishing deck... the trawls lifted 40 tons each...
The image is reduced. Click to see original.
"RTMK-S, Moonsund"
It was a pleasure to go on them and getting into the crew was not very easy, I had to butter up the OK inspectors (women) with all sorts of gifts)), knowing that any technical investment would pay off with interest after six months of fishing.. the earnings on them were great!!! during the flight it was possible to bring in the beak to the thresholds of port taverns from 5 thousand rubles and plus colonial goods for the same amount....depending on the port of call)))
The reports say that the crew on "Oleg Naydenov" consists of 82 people, apparently they took good care of the extra ones...at that time on the RTMS-K there were just over 100 sailors in the ship's role on the trawler...there was a laundress, there was a latrine worker" !!!, there was even a position for a baker, but now apparently all this has been removed..
And it would be nice if the sailors were released quickly and everything would end quickly... they can’t stand idle, the main thing in the fishery is to catch and freeze, and not to stand who knows where and with whom...
For those who are there!!!
| Freezer-canning fishing trawler (supertrawler) of the Moonsund type | |
|---|---|
| Atlantic 488 project | |
Trawler "Ester" in the port of Gdansk. |
|
| Vessel class and type | |
| "Volkswerft VEB", . | |
| Put into operation | |
| Status | are exploited |
| Main Features | |
| 9260 | |
| Length | 120.47 m |
| Width | 19.02 m |
| Height | 12.22 m |
| 6.63 m | |
| Engines | . 2 diesel engines . 2 auxiliary diesel generators . emergency diesel generator |
| . 2 x 3600 main engines . 2 x 1200 hp auxiliary diesel generators . 200 hp emergency diesel generator |
|
| Mover | 1 adjustable step |
| 15,06 | |
| 96 days | |
| 115 people | |
Freezer-canning fishing trawlers of the “Moonzund” type(Project Atlantic 488) - a series of fishing boats built between 1986 and 1993 at the shipyard "" in,. According to their own technical specifications belong to the category of supertrawlers. Between 1986 and 1993, 37 trawlers of this type were built in Germany.
They were intended for fishing using bottom and mid-depth fishing in the ocean fishing zone, processing fish into frozen products (60 tons per day), with the possibility of storing or transferring it to transport refrigerators and coastal reception points. The trawlers also housed production lines for the production of canned fish (25,000 cans per day), semi-finished medical oil from fish liver (4 per day, depending on the quality of the raw materials), feed fish meal and technical fat (50-60 tons per day, in depending on the quality of raw materials).
And located in it, as well as household and part of the production premises are located in the bow of the hull. located in its central part. On the working deck, starting behind the superstructure, there are two warp winches with drums for warps (steel cables supporting the trawl), two U-shaped metal portals, with auxiliary ones. There is an additional portal in the bow of the hull, in front of the superstructure. The portals contain 8 cargo booms, each with a lifting capacity of 5 tons. At the stern of the trawler there is a slip (a special inclined section of the deck along which the trawl is lowered and raised).
The ships have two refrigerated holds with a volume of 2705 each, with a cooling temperature of -28. There are premises for storing canned fish (749 cubic meters), fish meal (495.2 cubic meters) and fish oil tanks with a total volume of 67 cubic meters.
Supertrawlers of the Moonsund type can operate autonomously at sea for up to 96 days. Currently, several vessels of this class are operated by Murmansk Trawling Fleet OJSC, fishing enterprises in the Far East. More than half of the built trawlers of this type operate under foreign flags.
