rugby ball shape
Alternative descriptionsConvex closed plane curve without kinks
Convex flat closed curve
Geometric figure, a closed ovoid outline of something
. "Circle" of the stadium
. "Odd" circle
. "Crumpled" circle
. "Compressed" circle
. "I haven't liked since childhood..."
. "haggard" circle
. “Since childhood I haven’t liked..., I’ve been drawing corners since childhood”
Outline of an egg
Convex smooth curve
Convex closed plane curve without corner points
Convex flat closed curve
Elongated circle
Elongated "circle"
Geometric figure
Geometric figure, circle, from Latin "egg"
Geometric egg shape
Geometry of the letter "O"
Closed curve
Both the face and the egg
Thin Circle
What geometric figure comes from the Latin "egg"
Chicken egg outline
Rugby ball outline
Outline of the working part of the racket
Rugby ball outline
Stadium outline
Egg outline
The circle is depressed
Soft-boiled circle
Circle at attention
Lemniscate with two foci
Facial geometry
M. oblong circle; a true oval forms an ellipse, a long circle. Oval, long-round, long-round, long-browed. -nost f. oblong roundness. Oval lathe chuck, running on two points, centers, eccentric, for long point
Mayakovsky's unloved ellipse
Regular medallion shape
The round shape of the Deputy Prime Minister's face
Outline of an egg
Thin circle
Correct face shape
Flattened circle
Slap Circle
Oblong "circle"
Egg profile
Psk. hard tear stain? (swelling under the eyes?)
Stretched Circle
Stretched Circle
Kinsman of the Circle
Circle Relative
Squeezed circle
Egg silhouette
Synonym for ellipse
Skewed circle
Oblate circle
Flattened circle
Verse by Korzhavin
Traditional figure on a sausage cut
Traditional medallion shape
Cassini figure
Cassini figure (math.)
Figure without corners
Figure on a slice of sausage
Egg-shaped figure
Cycling track shape
Barack Obama's Cabinet Form
Beautiful face shape
Face shape
Face and stadium shape
Face shape and egg shape
Face, stadium and egg shape
Rugby ball shape
Shape of the most famous office in the White House in Washington
Egg shape
Slightly "crumpled" circle
Ovoid outline
Ovoid outline
Egg-shaped silhouette
Egg-shaped figure
. “I haven’t liked since childhood...”
. “Since childhood I haven’t liked..., I’ve been drawing corners since childhood”
Geometric figure, circle, from Latin "egg"
What geometric figure comes from the Latin “egg”?
. "stuck" circle
elongated circle
. "haggard" circle
. "crumpled" circle
Geometry of the letter "O"
. "circle" of the stadium
Slightly “crumpled” circle
Oblong "circle"
. "compressed" circle
Geometric face shape
Crooked circle
Mayakovsky's unloved ellipse
Geometric projection of the stadium
The essence of the game
Blue team (Western Force) in attack
The game is played on a rectangular grass field measuring 100x70 m, the short sides of which are adjacent to rectangular scoring zones with a width of 10 to 22 m. Maximum size playing field therefore - 144x70 m, and area - 1.008 hectares. The duration of the game is two halves of 40 minutes of “clean” time (the referee stops the stopwatch while providing medical assistance to the players, during meetings with the touch judges and the referee’s work on video replays). After 40 minutes the game does not stop, but continues until the ball becomes “dead” (goes into touch or is played with a forward hand).
Players pass an oval ball to each other, trying to get it as close to the end zone as possible. If an offensive player carries the ball into the end zone and touches the ground, his team scores 5 points ( attempt, or skid; English try) and the right to an additional stroke ( implementation; English conversion), which must be made from any point on an imaginary line parallel to the touch line drawn through the place where the attempt was made. Points can also be earned by scoring the ball into the goal from a free kick or after a special kick during the game ( drop goal; English drop goal).
The ball can be thrown to a player on your team ( pass), but only back or parallel to the front line. The ball can be kicked forward, but it can be caught by the kicker himself, or by the player on his team who was behind the kicker at the time of the kick.
Rules
Team structure
Forwards
1. Forward of the first line of the open side (left post).
2. Returner (hooker).
3. Forward of the first line of the closed side (right post).
4, 5. Second line forwards (locks).
6. Closed flanker.
7. Open flanker.
8. Contractive (figure eight).
Defenders
9. Scrum half (nine).
10. Roaming midfielder (ten).
11. Left wing three-quarter.
12. Inside center.
13. Outside center.
14. Right three-quarter.
15. Fullback (closing).
Player positions
| Player positions in a rugby team |
|---|
It is also interesting that in rugby, forwards are powerful, but not very fast players, responsible for power play, including in defense, and pressure to advance. Three-quarters are usually responsible for fast breaks (in English backs).
Glasses
Rugby points can be scored as follows:
- Attempt(5 points) - a player from the attacking team brings the ball into the end zone, located between the goal line (including this line itself) and the dead ball line, and, holding it with his hand, touches the ground with it, or presses the ball to the ground with any part of the arm or body from the waist to the neck inclusive.
- Penalty try(5 points) - awarded if a player could have made a try, but this did not happen due to rough play on the part of the opponent. A penalty try is awarded in the center of the goal.
- Implementation(2 points) - Any player on the team that scored the try (usually the player with the best kick) places the ball on any spot opposite where the try was made and kicks the goal. If he hits (that is, the ball flies over the crossbar and between the vertical poles, at least above them), the attempt is considered successful. Players from the other team must be in their own end zone.
- Free kick(3 points) - for some violations of the rules (see below), the referee awards a penalty. If the team that has received the right to do so decides to kick it, then the ball is placed at the point where the violation occurred and one of the players kicks the goal.
- Drop goal(3 points) - any player, when the ball is in play, has the right to shoot at the goal. To do this, he must drop the ball and, when it touches the ground, hit it (goal kicks from hand prohibited). In principle, such blows (eng. drop kicks) can also be done during conversions and penalty kicks, but usually they are not used in these cases.
Progress of the game
Main competitions
Rugby World Cup
This tournament also includes the following: Bledisloe Cup Bledisloe Cup) (between New Zealand and Australia), Freedom Cup (between New Zealand and South Africa), Nelson Mandela Challenge Cup (between Australia and South Africa), Cougar Cup (eng. Puma Trophy) (between Australia and Argentina). In 2009, New Zealand won the Bledisloe Cup for the seventh time in a row.
European Nations Cup
Main article: European Nations Cup
European second-tier teams compete for the European Nations Cup. The teams participating in this competition, organized by the European Rugby Association (FIRA-AER), are divided into several divisions. The cup itself is played in the first division, where competitions are held over two seasons. In the 2011 edition, the first division consists of teams from Romania, Georgia, Portugal, Spain, Russia and Ukraine.
Other types of rugby
Rugby should not be confused with rugby league (or rugby-13), a game descended from rugby, which today is an independent type of football (just as rugby and American football differ). A variant of rugby is rugby sevens according to the rules of rugby union, with minor amendments. Rugby 15s and Rugby 7s competitions are governed by the International Rugby Board (IRB). Another type of rugby is rugby-10. There are also non-contact varieties of rugby - touch rugby and tag rugby - which are used to teach children under 12 years of age, as well as as a sport for the whole family.
See also
| Portal "Rugby" | |
| Rugby in Wiktionary | |
| Rugby on Wikimedia Commons | |
| Rugby in Wikinews | |
| Project "Rugby" |
- Beach rugby
- Tag rugby
Notes
Links
| Olympic sports | |
|---|---|
| Summer | |
The first mention of the “wrong” ball appeared in the first half of the 19th century in one of Tom Brown’s novels. It told about life at school in the town of Rugby School, including about playing with a non-standard ball.
Therefore, it can be assumed that already in 1835, a “melon” was used to play rugby, as the projectile was called for its resemblance to the same name. If you look closely, the rugby ball is really very similar in shape to a melon, and at first glance it is not clear how to use it you can play.
By the end of the same century, the craze for a new kind of football led to the fact that shoe manufacturers were brought in to make them. It is not surprising that the first successful attempt to start mass production of balls belonged to two shoemakers who lived near the previously mentioned Rugby School. Being the owners of the manufactory, they realized how profitable a new hobby could be for them, and began to supply those who wanted with balls, since demand at that time exceeded supply. First of all, they satisfied the needs of schools and sports societies.
At first, the rugby ball had an almost spherical shape, and the base for it was a pig's bladder, lined with four leather pads. There were no uniform standards at that time, so the shape of the ball itself corresponded to the shape of the bubble. Such equipment was inflated exclusively with the mouth - not the most pleasant task, and given that the bubble was taken fresh, it was also unsafe. Later, to facilitate the process, they began to use a nipple, and the base of the projectile was a rubber chamber. At the end of the 19th century, ball manufacturers came up with the idea of using the principle of a medical needle to inflate the sphere - they began to fill the rugby ball with air using a pump.
The game became more and more popular, and it finally began to be played with hands. remains to this day - players from all over the world insisted on preserving the authenticity of the projectile. Global changes The projectile was comprehended only at the end of the 19th century, when it was modernized in order to increase the entertainment value of the game itself. Today, rugby is gaining popularity in the global sports community like American football. Just as in the States fans collect cardboard cards with images of idols, rugby pictures (ball, club symbols, players) are popular in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
The modern rugby ball is made from composite rubber and rubberized cotton, with rounded and smooth ends. As for the dimensions of the projectile, they are regulated by the International Rugby Union. Similar to the same for rugby, it is marked depending on weight and size. So, for example, No. 5 is intended for adults, No. 4 - for games of youth groups, No. 3 - for children under 9 years old. As for the cost of such sports equipment as a rugby ball, its price starts from 20 USD, and it has long been possible to purchase a “melon” not only on the relevant Internet resources, but also in the most ordinary sports store.
Tired of just kicking a ball around in the yard? Do you want something new and interesting, exciting? Then try rugby or American football!
Yes, yes, these two sports are gaining more and more popularity in Russia among young people every year. Sports channels began to broadcast matches from Europe and the USA more often, gaining their fans in Russia. And equipment for these sports has finally begun to appear in sports stores (www.sportwares.ru).
However, as always with everything new (for us new - Russian people brought up on ordinary football, lapta and gorodki, at best not volleyball and basketball) for beginning athletes, pressing questions arise: how to choose the right ball, equipment, protection, shoes? It would seem that at first glance these two sports are very similar. Let's figure out what came from where.
Rugby (eng. rugby football, more often just rugby) - sports team game with an oval ball, which the players of each team, passing each other with their hands and feet, try to land in the in-goal field behind the opponent’s goal or kick it into the H-shaped goal. The ball must fly over the crossbar. And American football is also a team sport with a ball, the goal of which is to move the ball towards the scoring (or end zone) on the opponent's side of the field and earn points. In principle, we can say that these two games are very similar to each other, and indeed, when talking about “rugby”, people often mean “American football”. Both of these games have their origins in football, only rugby first appeared in England, and American football, respectively, in America. But despite the great similarity, these games have many differences from each other.
Since these sports in Russia have been gaining popularity only recently, and there are more and more people wanting to take up such sports, gradually more and more questions arise regarding balls for these games, protection and equipment. And the most common of them is how to choose a ball for training and what is the difference between a rugby ball and an American football ball?
What is the difference between rugby balls and American football balls?
- Both types of balls have a spheroid shape and at first glance, indeed, seem to be the same, but in fact this is not the case.
The rugby ball is significantly larger in both size and weight. more ball for American football. According to standard sizes approved International Union Rugby (IRB), a rugby ball should weigh 410-460g, length 28-30cm, tip-to-tip circumference usually 74-77cm, and width circumference 58-62cm. Also standard size The ball for adult players is size No. 5 (size No. 4 is suitable for teenagers 10-14 years old, and the ball size No. 3 is suitable for children 6-9 years old). Usually has the shape of an elongated egg. http://www.sportwares.ru/catalog174_1.html
American football ball according to NFL standards (National Football League) should weigh 397-425g, be 28cm long, 72.4cm in circumference from tip to tip, 54cm in circumference, and it is also more elongated towards the ends relative to the rugby ball. http://www.sportwares.ru/catalog158_1.html
Also, a rugby ball has more rounded ends, unlike an American football ball. The material used in the production of rugby balls is usually synthetic materials (abrasion-resistant composite rubber, rubberized cotton surface), as they absorb less moisture, thereby not distorting the shape of the ball in wet weather (thus, since 1870, leather balls for rugby games were gradually phased out), and for American football leather (usually dark brown) is usually used, as well as a ball for Amer. football has a characteristic lacing (leather laces) along the surface, which easily distinguishes this ball from a ball for playing rugby and other similar sports.
The surface of an American football ball usually has a rough surface (resembling the grains of small pebbles) in order to provide a more secure grip on the ball so that the ball does not slip in the player's hands, especially in damp or humid weather.
Also, both types of balls usually have the emblem or logo of the club, manufacturer or league where this version of the ball is used. Rugby balls usually have brighter colors than American footballs.
Before play, the bladder of an American football ball is inflated to an air pressure of 12.5–13.5 psi (86–93 kPa), resulting in a weight of 14–15 ounces (397–425 g).
There are several rugby and American football clubs in Moscow. And the number of people wishing to play in the teams of these clubs is growing every season. It's very bright and exciting games, they bring a lot of drive and novelty into the lives of active young people, whether in the stands or on the field! Try it - you won't regret it!
The first official rugby rules appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The basic provisions remain unchanged, but from time to time certain clarifications are made to them, designed to make the game more dynamic and entertaining.
Venue. It is a rectangle no more than 100 m in length and 70 m in width, with a grass (less often earthen or sand) covering.
The playing area consists of a playing field and an in-goal field. The playing field is limited by the side lines and goal lines (the lines themselves are not part of the field). In-goal is the area between the goal line, the dead ball line and the touch-in-goal lines. (The goal line is part of the in-goal, the dead ball line and touch lines are not.) In-goal length: 10–22 m, width no more than 70 m.
The field is also marked (parallel to the goal lines) with solid lines of 22 m, limiting the area of 22 m, and a central (middle) line, which divides the field in half. Flags are installed along the perimeter of the site, also indicating zones and field lines.
Broken lines indicate 10-meter distances from center line fields and 5-meter ones - from the side lines.
A football field is also suitable for playing rugby, but with different markings.
Gates. They have an H-shape and are installed on the goal line. The height of the posts is at least 3.4 m, the distance between them is 5.6 m, the distance from the field surface to the crossbar is 3 m.
Ball. It has an oval shape. Its surface can be coated with a special compound that repels dirt, which allows you to better hold the ball in your hands. Made from leather. Ball line length – 280–300 mm, longitudinal circumference – 740–770 mm, transverse circumference – 580–620 mm, weight – 410–460 g, pressure inside the ball (at the beginning of the game) should be 0.67–0.7 kg/cm2.
Game time. Two halves of 40 minutes. each (not counting added, or compensated, time, as well as, if necessary, additional time) with a break between them of 5–10 minutes. After the break, the teams change goals.
Team compositions. From each team, 15 people appear on the field at the same time (from 18 to 22 players are registered for the game): 8 attackers and 7 defenders, each of whom has their own playing role.
In rugby, there are two types of substitutions - permanent and temporary: a player who is injured may leave the field temporarily to receive medical attention. During his absence, a substitute player is placed on the field. All substitutions are made only with the permission of the field referee at the time the game is stopped.
Equipment. Includes shorts, jersey, socks and cleats, plus protective equipment (knee pads, elbow pads, shin guards, fingerless gloves, shoulder pads, mouth guard, helmet).
All parts of the equipment must bear the IRB (International Rugby Federation) conformity mark. Players in “non-standard” equipment are not allowed to participate in the match. The rules also prohibit wearing hard and sharp objects, clips, rings, zippers, screws, precious jewelry and other accessories that during the game can cause injury to the athlete himself, his partners or opponents.
Ways to play the game. The game begins with an initial kick to the ball from the center of the field, after which any player can:
– catch (pick up) the ball and run with it;
– pass, throw or hit the ball to another player;
– kick or otherwise advance the ball with your foot;
– grab, push or shoulder attack an opponent in possession of the ball;
- fall on the ball;
– take part in scrums, rucks, mauls and lineouts;
– ground the ball in the in-goal.
Kickoff - a ground kick taken from the middle of the center line by the team entitled to start the game, or by the opposing team when play restarts after the half-time break, as well as a rebound kick on the center line by the defending team after the opponent has scored points.
Accrual of points. Happens in several ways: for an attempt, for a goal scored after an attempt, for a free kick goal, for a drop goal.
Attempt. A player takes the ball into the opponent's in-goal and grounds it there, i.e. touches the ball to the ground or falls on the ball. A successful attempt is worth 5 points. If the attempt could have been converted, but this did not happen due to rough play by the opponent, a “penalty try” is awarded from the place of violation (it can bring the attacking team 5 points).
Shot on goal after a try. The team that makes the attempt is entitled to a kick on goal. It is performed from an imaginary line perpendicular to the goal line and passing through the point at which the attempt was scored. The implementation of the shot (the ball must fly over the crossbar between the goal posts) is worth 2 points. Thus, a team can score 7 points in one attack.
Free kick goal. The right to a free kick is awarded to the team against which the rules were violated. A free kick goal is worth 3 points.
Drop goal. A successful kick from the rebound brings 3 points (according to the rules of rugby, a goal scored with a kick from the hand does not count: the rugby player must hit it on the ground).
Standard positions and combinations in rugby. These include: scrum; Cancer; they say; corridor and out; clean catch (tag); capture; as well as free kicks and free kicks.
Fight. Formed on the playing field to resume play after a violation of the rules or a stop in the game. From each team, 8 players participate in the fight: clasping each other’s arms and closing with their opponents, they line up in three lines. A tunnel is created into which the scrum-half throws the ball in so that the front row players of both teams can gain possession of the ball by hooking it with their feet.
A scrum is formed at the site of a violation or stoppage of play within the playing field, but no closer than 5 m from the side line and from the goal line. The ball is put into play by the team that is not guilty of the violation or is in attack.
The midline of the scrimmage is an imaginary line that runs directly below the line formed by the shoulders of the front row players of both teams. The middle front row player is called a "hooker". The players on either side of the hooker are pillars. Left pillar No. 1 (with a free head) and right pillar No. 3 (with a pressed head). Two second row players pushing the posts and hooker are locks. The players connecting the second and third lines are flankers. The third line player pushing locks and flankers is #8.
The fight is considered over if the ball comes out of it in any direction (except for the tunnel).
Players do not have the right to deliberately overwhelm a scrum, kneel in a scrum, or attempt to gain control of the ball in a scrum with any part of the body other than the foot and lower leg. Players are prohibited from returning the ball into the scrum, falling on the ball coming out of the scrum while not a front row player, playing with the ball while it is in the lineout, etc. Such violations are punishable by a penalty or free kick.
Cancer. The phase of the game in which one or more players from each team, standing and in physical contact, group around a ball on the ground between them within the playing field. In this situation, open play ends. Players involved in a ruck try to kick back or retain the ball without breaking the rules.
Players forming, joining or participating in a ruck must not lower their heads and shoulders below their hips. The player joining the ruck must clasp one arm around the torso of the partner already participating in the ruck.
When playing in a ruck, athletes must remain on their feet. They may not intentionally fall or kneel. Such actions are classified as dangerous games. A player must not intentionally fill a ruck (a dangerous game), jump on it, deliberately step on players lying on the ground, etc. It is also forbidden to return the ball to the ruck, pick up a ball in the ruck, or fall on the ball coming out of the ruck. Violations are punishable by a penalty or free kick.
The ruck is considered successfully completed if the ball comes out of it or is over the goal line. If the ruck is not completed successfully (i.e. the ruck cannot be played), the referee orders a scrum (but must allow sufficient time for the ball to exit the ruck). The ball is thrown into the scrum by the team that was moving forward immediately before play was stopped. If neither team was moving forward or the referee is unable to determine which team was moving forward before the stoppage, the ball must be kicked in by the team moving forward immediately before the ruck formed. If neither team has any forward movement, then the attacking team throws the ball into the scrum.
Mol. Formed when one or more players from each team, standing on their feet, in physical contact and moving towards the goal, group themselves around the player in possession of the ball. The open game ends. A pier can only be formed within the field. A minimum of three players must participate: the player in possession of the ball and one more player from each team.
The head and shoulders of a player entering the maul must not be lower than his hips. A player joining a maul must be "entangled" in it, and not just to the side of it. Players in the maul must try to remain on their feet. The player with the ball is allowed to fall to the ground, provided that he does not free himself from the ball.
It is prohibited to deliberately collapse the pier and jump on it. Players must not attempt to pull an opponent out of the maul. While the ball is in the maul, a player must not mislead opponents by indicating that the ball has left the maul.
The maul is considered successfully completed if the ball falls to the ground or the player with the ball exits the maul. If the ball in a maul ends up behind the goal line, the maul is also considered completed.
The game may be stopped and a scrum ordered if the pier becomes stationary and there is no forward movement for more than 5 seconds, as well as if the pier is destroyed (but not as a result of rough play). If the ball is in motion and the referee sees it, he must allow a reasonable time for the ball to leave the maul. If the player in possession of the ball in the maul falls to the ground (or the player is on one or both knees or sitting on the ground), a scrum must also be awarded.
The ball is thrown into the scrum by the team that was not in possession of the ball immediately before the maul was formed. If the referee is unable to determine which team had the ball, the ball must be thrown in by the team moving forward immediately before play was stopped, or by the attacking team if there was no forward movement.
Out and corridor. The ball is considered to be out of touch when:
– immediately after the kick, he is out of bounds without falling onto the playing area or touching the player or the referee;
– not being in the player’s hands, it touches the side line of the field or the ground (any object) beyond the side line;
– while in the player’s hands, the ball (or the player carrying it) touches the side line or the ground beyond it;
– the player catching him steps on his foot side line or to the ground behind it.
If a player with both feet on the playing court catches a ball that has already crossed the sideline, the ball is not considered to be in touch. A player may deflect or hit the ball into the playing court, provided that he does not play forward in doing so. If a player catches the ball while jumping, he must land with both feet on the playing court. A player who is in touch may kick or play the ball with his hand, provided that the ball does not cross the touchline, but he must not hold the ball in his hands.
Once the ball has left the field of play, it may be put into play either by a quick throw-in or a lineout throw-in.
When taking a quick throw-in, a player must be anywhere out of bounds between where the ball touched or crossed the touchline and his goal line. The ball must be dropped straight along the line of touch (an imaginary line at right angles to the touchline through the place from which the ball is thrown in) so that it first touches the ground or a player no closer than 5 m from the touchline.
If the ball has not been introduced before the lineout is built, then the throw-in is carried out into the lineout. A lineout begins the moment the ball leaves the thrower's hands and is completed when the ball or the player in possession has left the lineout.
Players lining up on lines parallel to the throw-in line form a lineout. Each team may have one player ready to catch the ball when the lineout players pass or kick the ball back. In addition to the players forming the lineout, the lineout involves a hooker - the player throwing in the ball and his direct opponent, as well as two players ready to catch the ball from the lineout. All other players not participating in the lineout must, until the lineout is completed, remain at least 10 m from the touch line or behind their goal line.
Violations of the rules for throwing the ball in after a throw-in are punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick from the 15 m line (a line parallel to the touchline and passing 15 m from it).
Label. A player is considered to have made a clean catch or mark when, while inside his 22-metre zone or in his in-goal, he makes a clean catch directly after being kicked by an opponent (except for a kick-off). Simultaneously with catching the ball, the player must shout “Tag!” A clean catch is considered completed even if the ball first touches the goal post or crossbar.
After making a clean catch, a free kick is awarded.
Capture. A situation where a player in possession of the ball on the field of play is held by one or more opponents such that he, while being held, falls to the ground or the ball touches the ground.
The tackled player must immediately release the ball and get to his feet. A player who has tackled an opponent and, while holding him, falls to the ground with him must immediately release the tackled player and rise to his feet. He must not play the ball until he is on his feet. Do not prevent a tackled player from passing or releasing the ball, snatch the ball from the tackled player's hands or attempt to lift the ball before it is released by the tackled player, while lying on the ground after being tackled play or interfere with the ball in any way, tackle or attempt to tackle an opponent in possession of the ball, deliberately fall on a player with the ball who is lying on the ground, while standing, obstruct or impede an opponent who is not in close proximity (i.e. within 1 m) of the ball, while in close proximity to the ball in a prone position on the ground, to interfere with the opponent's possession of the ball.
Violations of the rules when performing a tackle are punishable by a penalty kick.
Judging. Carried out by a field judge and two side judges.
The referee on the field controls the time, the score of the game, and compliance with the rules. During a match, only he is an expert in assessing game situations that arise on the field. His decisions are binding on the players.
To indicate the start of a match (second half), the end of the first half or match, a successful attempt, to stop the game after a violation of the rules, etc. the field referee gives signals with a whistle and special gestures.
The side judges report to the field judge. The touch judge signals his decisions (for example, if the ball has left the field) with a flag. During a kick at goal, a try or a free kick, the touch judges must assist the field judge by signaling the result to him.
Violations of the rules.
Blocking. The rules prohibit:
– the player running after the ball should attack or push the opponent, who is also running after the ball;
– a player in an offside position deliberately runs or stands in front of a teammate in possession of the ball, thereby interfering with the opponent;
- any player who gains possession of the ball after it has come out of a scrum, ruck, maul or lineout, tries to force his way through the players of his team standing in front of him;
– any player who is an outside player in the scrum prevents an opponent from moving around the scrum.
Such actions are regarded as blocking and are punishable by a penalty kick from the place of violation.
Foul play. Under foul play implies a deliberate violation of any clause of the rules. For example, an athlete deliberately throws the ball over the side line, delays time, etc. Such violations are punishable by a penalty kick or a warning. If the player is warned again, he is removed from the field.
Incorrect behavior, dangerous game. The rules prohibit:
– strike your opponent with your hand;
– to catch or kick an opponent’s legs from behind, to trip or step on a prone opponent;
– make unauthorized grabs;
– attack or block an opponent who has just kicked the ball and is not running after the ball;
– hold, push, attack, block or tackle an opponent who is not in possession of the ball, except in a ruck, maul or scrum;
- being in the first line of the fight, enter the opponent with a blow, as well as deliberately tear the opponent off the ground or squeeze him out of the fight;
– deliberately fail a fight, ruck or maul.
Such actions are regarded as a dangerous game. A player who commits dangerous play or inappropriate behavior towards an opponent (in any form) may be sent off the field or warned by the referee that he will be sent off if he offends again. In addition to the warning (expulsion), a penalty kick is awarded from the place of violation.
The referee must not stop play after a violation if the team not guilty of the violation has an advantage (territorial or tactical) - except in certain situations specified by the rules.
Free kick and free kick. They shoot from the place where the violation was committed, or from any place behind the mark on an imaginary line passing through it perpendicular to the goal line. If the place for taking a penalty (free) kick is closer than 5 m to the goal line of the offending team, it must be moved to a distance of 5 m from the goal line.
The strike is performed from the hands, from a rebound, from the ground with any part of the leg below the knee, but not with the knee or heel.
When a free kick (as opposed to a free kick) is taken, the ball cannot be aimed directly at the goal - including a rebound kick. If the kicker intends to shoot at goal, the defending team must remain passive until the shot is taken. When a free kick occurs, opposing players who are in the onside position may run forward (from the moment the kicker begins his run-up) in an attempt to prevent the kick from being taken. If they succeed, a new kick is not assigned, and a scrum is assigned at the place of the mark, into which the players of the defending team introduce the ball.
A shot at goal must be completed within 1 minute from the moment the striker indicated his intention - by the appearance on the field of a special stand or sand, with the help of which a mark is made on the field. If the “minute” limit is exceeded, the kick is canceled and a scrum is called at the place of the mark, into which the opposing team throws the ball.
Players of the team receiving the right to kick must remain behind the line of the ball before the kick is taken. If someone fails to get back behind the line due to a quick kick, it is not a foul, but they are not allowed to enter play until they are in an onside position.
The hitter can hit the ball in any direction and play it again without restrictions.
Players of the team committing the violation must go to (or beyond) an imaginary line parallel to the goal line and 10 m from the place where the kick was taken (or their own goal line if it is closer to the mark). They must not interfere with the stroke (intentionally holding or throwing the ball, etc.). Such violations are punishable by moving the place of the kick 10 m forward or to a line 5 m from the goal (whichever is closer).
If a free kick in the in-goal results in the ball going over the touchline or dead ball line, or if a defending player makes the ball dead before it crosses the goal line, a scrum is awarded 5m from the goal line and the ball is in which is entered by the attacking team.
The team that is not guilty of the offense may, instead of a penalty (free) kick, choose an alternative scrum from the place where the kick would have been taken; it will introduce the ball into the scrum.
For any violation on the part of the team taking a penalty kick (free kick), a scrum is called at the spot of the mark, into which the opposing team throws the ball.
Offside". The term "offside" means that an athlete is in a position in which he has no right to participate in the game - otherwise his team is punished with a free kick at the place of infringement.
There are offside positions in open play; in a fight; in ruck and maul; in the corridor.
"Offside" in open play means that the athlete is in front of the ball, which last time his teammate played.
For scrum halfs, the offside line runs through the ball in the scrum - parallel to the goal line. For all other players, a similar line, also parallel to the goal line, passes through the foot of the last player on their team.
Players not taking part in the scrum and who are not scrum half-backs are offside if they cross or remain in front of their offside line.
The offside line in rucks and mauls is an imaginary line parallel to the goal line and passing through the foot of the last player. Each team has its own offside line. Players not participating in the ruck must join the ruck or immediately go over the offside line.
When forming a lineout, two offside lines are determined for each team, running parallel to the goal line. A player taking part in a lineout is considered to be in an offside position if he deliberately steps outside the line of touch before the ball touches a player or the ground. The thrower must remain within 5m of the touchline or join the lineout after the ball has been dropped. A player not participating in the lineout is considered to be in an offside position if he steps over the offside line before the end of the lineout.
