Description of the method
Electrical muscle stimulation is an internationally recognized clinical method of physiotherapy in specialties such as orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation. When applied to a central or peripheral partially damaged nerve, electrical stimulation can induce a muscle response in patients with limited or lost muscle activity. This method is a complement to physical therapy and should be combined with active training, strength and coordination exercises. The method is simple and suitable for treatment both in a hospital and on an outpatient basis at home.
Operating principle
NMES stimulates motor nerves to generate muscle contractions, as opposed to low-frequency TENS, which creates small muscle twitches. NMES also stimulates A-beta nerve fibers (as does TENS), which has an analgesic effect.
Examples of indications
- restoration of quadriceps function after surgery
- maintaining or increasing the range of active movements
- capillarization
- reduction of muscle atrophy/hypotrophy
- maintaining muscle strength during the period of immobilization
- prevention of loss of muscle strength after surgery, for example on vastus medialis
- reduction of spasticity, such as reciprocal inhibition of the flexor muscles of the arms in patients with hemiplegia
- training after partial peripheral nerve injury with reinnervation symptoms such as plexus injury
- peroneal muscle stimulation
- incontinence treatment
- anesthesia
- warm-up
- increased muscle strength
- recovery
Treatment by NMES method
Installation of electrodes
To achieve good results Correct placement of the electrodes is extremely important. The muscle contracts due to stimulation of the motor nerve. The motor point is the area on the skin that is closest to the point where the motor nerve enters the muscle. This is the most advantageous place to induce contraction using electrical impulses. The NMES programs of Cefar stimulators generate a symmetrical biphasic wave, that is, the polarity is constantly changing. This means that both electrodes are equally active.
There are different methods for positioning the electrodes. The most optimal way is to install a pair of electrodes above the elevated area of a given muscle. By installing one electrode over the motor point of the muscle, you will get the strongest possible muscle contraction without discomfort. By placing electrodes over the motor points of different muscles, large muscle groups can be effectively worked.
What size electrodes should I choose?
A larger muscle group requires a larger electrode area. For a small muscle group, small electrodes are better suited, as they are more specific, which provides a higher current density (mA/cm2). Large muscle groups may also require dual-channel stimulation, which uses four electrodes simultaneously.
What pulse frequency and duration should I choose?
NMES typically operates at frequencies of 20-120 Hz. To increase blood circulation, choose frequencies up to 10 Hz. The goal is to induce vibrations, not contractions. Adjust the pulse duration relative to the amount of energy in each pulse. When stimulating a small muscle group, a short pulse (say 200 µs) is usually sufficient, while a long pulse (eg 400 µs) is used for a large muscle group.
NMES 20-70 Hz
1.Lift
2.Stimulation period
3.Recession
4.Pause
The illustration above demonstrates electrical stimulation of a muscle. Begins with a lifting phase (1), during which the contraction gradually increases, reaching a maximum contraction in the stimulation phase (2). In the decline phase (3), stimulation gradually weakens and enters a rest phase, in which stimulation stops or is at a moderate level (active rest). Active leisure prevents muscle injury and prepares the muscle for the next contraction. Stimulation with regular pauses is called intermittent.
What sensations should stimulation cause?
The purpose of NMES is to induce muscle contractions. Increase the amplitude above the somatosensory barrier until you see a motor response. The patient often experiences an electrical contraction greater than a voluntary contraction. But contractions should not cause discomfort.
Testing the electrode installation position.
The motor point finding electrode and gel help determine the optimal location for electrode application. By sliding the movable electrode over the surface of the skin, you find the position with the maximum and most comfortable muscle contraction. Often the patient needs to get used to the stimulation, and the first sessions may not reach therapeutic intensity. During the course of treatment, the intensity of stimulation should gradually increase. At the first session, a short session may be conducted to determine the patient's response. Excessively strong muscle contractions caused by electrical stimulation can injure a muscle that is not prepared for the load. A gradual increase in load and regularity of exercises ensure a good treatment result.
To achieve good results, NMES can be combined with other types muscle training. Muscle stimulation can act both in the phase of concentric and eccentric movement, or only in one of them. It depends on how you combine stimulation with voluntary movements.
What should be the duration of treatment?
Depending on the condition of the muscles and the patient's rehabilitation phase, treatment can last from 5 to 60 minutes and be repeated from three times a week to twice a day. To intensify the treatment, you can gradually increase the duration of stimulation depending on the pause. You can also increase the amplitude, frequency and/or duration of the pulse.
Denervated muscles.
Stimulation of denervated muscles differs from stimulation of muscles with preserved innervation.
If the innervation of the muscle is preserved, you can stimulate through the motor nerve, but if the muscle is denervated, you must stimulate directly muscle fibers to induce contraction. The goal of stimulating denervated muscles is to maintain their contractile units while awaiting possible reinnervation. To generate a contraction, the pulse duration is 100-300 ms. Rectangular pulses are used for completely denervated muscles, while triangular or trapezoidal pulses are used for partially denervated muscles. This helps to separate fibers with preserved innervation and denervated ones.
Switch.
To adjust the duration of the pause and stimulation periods, you can use the switch during electrical stimulation. The switch is especially practical when electrical muscle contractions are combined with voluntary contractions. The result is effective individual treatment.
Installation of electrodes.
Here are some examples of electrode placement for the most common indications. For NMES there is no difference in the position of the red and black electrodes.
Shoulder – subluxation and abnormal abduction
Indication:
1. Functional subluxation of the shoulder after stroke.
2. Reduced function of the shoulder muscles after a fracture, dislocation, etc.
Installation of electrodes: Place one electrode in the middle deltoid muscle, and the other on the supraspinatus muscle. The position of the electrodes and the type of stimulation may vary depending on the type of subluxation.
Shoulder area– dysfunction of the triceps
Indication:
1. Decreased triceps function, for example after stroke.
2. Fracture in the elbow joint.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes on the triceps.
Torso, lower back – training the spinal erector muscles
Indication: Pain/weakness in the lumbar region
Installation of electrodes: Install two pairs of electrodes in the lumbar region paravertebrally along the erector spinae muscles on both sides.
Torso – training the abdominal muscles
Indication: decreased function of the rectus abdominis muscles.
Installation of electrodes: Place two pairs of electrodes on the rectus abdominis muscles on both sides.
Forearm – impaired strength/hypotrophy of wrist extensors
Indication:
1. Impaired wrist extension and/or flexor spasticity after a stroke, etc.
2. Decreased function of the wrist extensors after a fracture, etc.
Installation of electrodes: Place a pair of electrodes over the wrist extensor muscles.
Knee joint - instability
Indications:
1. Postoperative period after plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint.
2. Extensor contracture of the knee joint.
Electrode placement: Place one pair of electrodes over the quadriceps.
Knee joint – muscle imbalance
Indication: Muscle imbalance of the medial head relative to lateral head quadriceps.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes over the medial head.
Hip area – Positive Trendelenburg sign
Indication: 1. Positive Trendelenburg sign. 2. Decreased function of the hip abductor muscles after central disorders such as stroke.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes over the hip abductor and flexor muscles.
Lower leg area – dysfunction of the Achilles tendon
Indication: Dysfunction of the Achilles tendon.
Electrode placement: Place one pair of electrodes over the calf muscle.
Lower leg area – decreased strength of the foot flexors
Indication: Decreased dorsal flexion, spasticity.
Electrode placement: 1. One electrode over the exit of the peroneal nerve just below the head fibula, and the other on the anterior surface of the tibia. 2. Both electrodes on the anterior surface of the tibia.
Contraindications
1.Patients with a pacemaker, intracardiac defibrillator, or other active implants should not be treated with NMES methods.
2. Perform the exercise carefully in the first trimester of pregnancy.
3.In a pregnant woman, never connect a pair of electrodes across the abdominal cavity.
4.Do not stimulate near the carotid glomus, in the projection of the throat next to carotid artery, as this is dangerous due to a drop in pressure.
5.Do not perform stimulation during periods of acute inflammation and acute blood loss.
6.Use extreme caution when stimulating patients with lymphatic disease.
7. If there are contraindications to loading a tendon or muscle.
Go to CATALOG
Greetings to everyone. The thought of trying EMS training has crossed my mind many times. I once did advertising for a club, so clients said more positive things. The Chinese are not lagging behind and also offer similar things. Lately, this product has been featured quite often in advertising and discounts. Many people are scared to buy this. but we decided and bought it. Looking ahead, I’ll say right away that I didn’t expect it...
Description from the site
SHANDONG (SHANDONG) Muscle Training Gear - This is a myostimulator to strengthen your muscles. Without even lifting a finger, achieve the body of your dreams. There are two versions (belly pad and shoulder pad), depending on which muscle group you want to get the desired effect. The soft PU pad fits comfortably and gently around the contours of your skin, while electrodes using silk printing and conductive gel sheets effectively distribute impulses.
Video of a more serious modulator in operation, but the operating principle is the same
Operating principle
Now we move on to the complex processes occurring in the body. It is no secret to many that they need irritation to activate muscles. IN everyday life irritation is triggered through the central nervous system, spinal cord, nerve fibers and transmitted to the corresponding muscles. These endogenous stimuli in the physical sense are electrical in nature. The EMS trainer uses the body's inherent effect and enhances external influence our native irritant, thereby causing the muscles to contract stronger and better. In general terms, EMS is the targeted amplification of one's own electrical stimuli from the outside.
Packaging and delivery
We received the goods in 14 days. Delivery throughout Ukraine is now carried out by new mail. I received one item in 8 days. At least some positive aspects began to emerge with delivery. The product is in a thick cardboard box with many inscriptions. It was not damaged and remained intact. You are unlikely to take it as a gift to someone, although if it is for this purpose (maybe to close people). Everything inside is also intact. The packaging is just great. Thick foam rubber with cutouts for components.
Equipment
The kit includes multi-page instructions for English, power supply, dual usb-microUSB cable for simultaneous charging of two control washers with brains. There is also a resealable transparent bag for storage and transportation and laminated paper (I don’t know what it’s for). There is also a cutout in the foam rubber for the third control washer, but only two are included in the kit.
Characteristics
There is not much information in the store, it only states that there are 6 operating modes and 9 speeds. Looking ahead, I’ll say that speed 2-3 is already “cutting”, then you can only go further large muscles.Here small photo with the parameters from the instructions. 
The instructions itself still contain many warnings that it should not be used by patients, pregnant women or those with personal intolerance.
Charging time 20 minutes. The red indicator lights up during charging and turns off when finished.
Photos of instructions
Measurements and dimensions
Management and use
On the main washer (I will call it that) there are three control buttons. The M button is responsible for selecting the stimulation mode, and the + and – buttons are responsible for the intensity (power). As they say in the instructions, you need to go full circle, i.e. six modes to work out the muscle. Choose the intensity based on your feelings. For me, the second regime was immediately shocking. Later, of course, the situation became better, when I began to understand that it was happening at all. There is also a micro USB port for charging on the puck. The puck has a soft touch coating that is pleasant. Everything is done quite well.
The set includes two butterflies and one ab pad. Butterflies can be placed on almost any muscle, with the exception, of course, of the neck and face (and other intimate parts of the body). The butterflies and the platform are glued to the plates. To use, peel off the protective plate. A hydrogel is applied to the contacts, which will adhere to the skin and improve conductivity. This gel is enough for 30 times of use. Then you can further extend the period by rinsing with water (as indicated in the instructions). Then you need to replace the hydrogel plates. I haven’t found where to buy them yet, but the store has butterflies and a press pad, which are sold without washers. They cost about $14. There are also other options for butterflies. We will look for this gel too. When searching for “conductive gel,” there are many options, but you need one that can be attached, i.e. was sticky.
The device automatically turns off after 20 minutes of use. 
Impressions
I immediately tested it on my biceps. I turned on the first mode and the first power position. There was a slight tingling sensation. As soon as I turned on the second power mode, I was simply shocked. I wanted to scream. The arm rose on its own, the biceps tensed and began to twitch in time with the operation of the mode. A minute later the sensations are completely different. You begin to understand how everything works. While working, you can try to straighten or bend your arm, this will not give an even greater effect. If you use it on your legs, you can do a squat in the work mode. The effect is very noticeable. I sometimes go to the gym, I know the sensation of muscle work. Here the effect is, of course, a little different, but the muscles tense in some modes much more than when working with dumbbells or a barbell. Having studied many forums, everyone says that such training works the muscles in more detail and is an additional training from the basis of strength training in the gym. To be honest, after 20 minutes I was still a little tired. The muscles also felt well that they were in action. My abs still hurt. The thing is that you are still trying to resist the work of this stimulant itself, which causes additional load and improves performance.An example of how several modes work. Tested it on the first day. The sensations are ambiguous, but later you get used to it and understand everything.
Conclusion
Overall, I would like to say that the effect exceeded expectations. Honestly, I wouldn't have thought it would be so cool. It’s simply impossible to describe in words, but the muscles begin to work and tense up regardless of you. This device works. If you spend a lot of time in a chair, then your muscles definitely do not receive such loads. You can stretch them in this way, that’s for sure, but if you also do exercises in time with your work, the effect will definitely be better. This is not a panacea for obesity, not a magic thing for abs while lying on the couch, but there is definitely an effect. After 5 minutes you get used to it, you begin to understand how the muscle works. Even Lena didn’t want to, but then she calmly did this kind of training for 20 minutes. There were more smiles and laughter during the test than there had been in a very long time. This was the most fun and interesting unboxing I can remember on at the moment time.
No matter how wonderful everything is, there is one significant drawback - this is a conductive gel, which is a consumable item. If used as intended, out of the box it can last for 1-2 months if you practice daily, but in fact, within two days we got to the point where it began to hold up poorly. I washed it a little with water, dried it and it’s holding up again, but the plates need to be changed soon. I don’t know where to get them yet. We bought it solely for review and did not hope that we would like to use this device. It’s just that on the first day we glued one butterfly to different muscles. It was interesting. Thank you all for your attention. Friends, I tried to explain and tell you how I understand it and how it is. Until new reviews.
I'm planning to buy +39 Add to favorites I liked the review +47 +104Manufacturers of the myostimulator claim that it can be used to remove extra pounds without exhausting diets and exercises. The device, simulating signals from the central nervous system, has a beneficial effect on the muscles in certain areas of the body where the sensors are located, as a result of which they begin to work. Let's take a closer look at what benefits the use of the device brings and whether there is any harm from it.
What is a myostimulator, types and purpose of the device
This is a medical device with which you can perform myostimulation. It is expressed in the fact that a person is exposed to current pulses with different frequencies. Other procedures can be performed using this device.
It all depends on the frequency and strength with which the current will affect a person. This determines the effect the device provides.
Myostimulators are:
- Wireless. You can wear them throughout the day. They operate on batteries, and therefore cannot have a strong effect on tissues and break down fat. The effect of their use is negligible.
- Stationary. Consist of a power supply, control center and sensors. May be professional or semi-professional. Effectively affects fat cells and breaks them down. With the help of such devices, you can quite successfully correct your figure.
The benefits of myostimulator and myostimulation for the body
When used correctly, the device can effectively treat:
- CNS lesions;
- enuresis;
- joint pathologies;
- vascular diseases;
- bedsores;
- scoliosis.
The myostimulator is often used to prevent the appearance of edema, for fractures, sprains and bruises. During myostimulation it contracts rehabilitation period, the pain disappears. The effectiveness of the device in treating the gastrointestinal tract, normalizing blood flow and muscle tone has been proven.
The device will help muscles quickly recover after stress on the body. Maximum effect will be the case when a professional device is used and the external devices are accurately distributed on the body. The procedure should be performed by an experienced doctor, a physiotherapist.
You should not use myostimulators on your own, as negative reactions may occur, for example, irritation and burns of the skin at the site where the electrodes are installed, discomfort during use of the device or after the procedure.
Figure correction
With this procedure, a myostimulator improves muscle tone. A special program is used for this. The device emits waves in a specific sequence and combination. First, a relaxation program is carried out, during which the cells are warmed up, and then lymphatic drainage.
Often after such procedures, the skin at the site where the electrodes are installed does not look its best. Here you will need to tighten it. This manipulation is also performed using a myostimulator.
Fat removal
This procedure, unfortunately, cannot completely remove subcutaneous fat and make an athletic figure. The device only stimulates the muscles and prevents them from atrophying.
Lift
The device is capable of tightening the skin on the face and chin. It also reduces the depth of wrinkles. The impulses released by the device warm the tissues and stimulate their contraction.
When using a myostimulator, a person needs to make a minimum of effort. The procedures are easily performed using professional devices.
Harm and side effects
If portable devices are used incorrectly and for a long time, they can cause harm. In this case, stationary devices can become killers. When the heart is in the path of current flow, it can cause it to stop.
It is worth refusing to use cheap models of myostimulators. Poor-quality manufacturing materials lead to skin damage at the site where the electrodes are installed. Incorrect programs emit harmful impulses that will negatively affect the functioning of organs and cause exacerbation of chronic pathologies or the formation of tumors.
Problems usually arise when used by those who purchased a myostimulator for private use on the open market without a certificate. If used incorrectly, portable devices may not produce any results or cause complications. Therefore, for those who do not have experience with such a device, it is better not to use it.
Contraindications
These devices have their contraindications. Therefore, before starting to use them, you should consult your doctor. The most common contraindications:
- myocardial diseases;
- pregnancy;
- kidney stones;
- chronic alcoholism;
- mental disorders;
- oncology;
- inflammatory processes;
- pathologies of the endocrine system;
- tuberculosis;
- increased sensitivity of the body to the impulses of the device;
- thrombophlebitis;
- circulatory disorders;
- hernia;
- epilepsy.
You should stop using a myostimulator if you have a pacemaker in your body.
Electrodes should not be placed in the groin area. The device can increase blood flow to the pelvic organs. Severe consequences may occur.
Before using the device during lactation, you should also consult your doctor. After a stroke, to restore limb function, it is recommended to use myostimulation only as prescribed by a specialist.
When using the device yourself, you need to know simple rules:
- Skin contact with the electrodes should be tight.
- The duration of the session is no more than 30 minutes.
- There should be no contraindications.
- 1 hour before the procedure you do not need to eat.
What are the benefits of using a myostimulator, and what are the dangers? Let's find out the whole truth about myostimulators from a video from Vladimir Molodov:
It is worth noting that this device can have positive impact on the body when used correctly with the participation of a specialist. Otherwise, the myostimulator will become dangerous for a person and can lead to his death. The first sessions should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
In this article we will tell you everything about the electrical stimulator for building muscle mass, electric massager and electrophoresis in one device.
In 1990-1995, a big wave of bodybuilding swept through our country. Rocking chairs, which were usually located in the basements of houses, became widespread. Those who wanted to increase their muscle mass first rewrote and redrew, and then, with the spread of “bourgeois” copying technology, they photocopied notes and drawings describing the methods of building muscle mass by the then famous teacher of bodybuilders - Joe Weider. This wave did not pass me by either. In one of the cooperatives in Kyiv, I wrote out by cash on delivery the diagram and description of the “Electric stimulator for muscle building". I assembled this device and used it for some time instead of heavy sports equipment.
The remarkable property of this device is that with its help you can not only “pump up” muscles, but also do electromassage. This is achieved by setting the operating mode to short pulses. A person relaxes his body, while enjoying it - the muscles “themselves” twitch involuntarily. Bruises, sprains and dislocations when using an electrical stimulator heal faster due to the acceleration of metabolic processes in skin cells and muscle tissue.
The electrical stimulator allows burn subcutaneous fat.
Another property of the electrical stimulator is that it can be used in a physiotherapy room - work in a mode that allows you to perform a medical procedure - electrophoresis.
In sports practice, the use of electrical stimulation is recommended for:
- increased muscle strength (40-50%);
- increasing muscle volume (5-10%);
- improvement of speed qualities /up to 29%);
- reduction of the subcutaneous fat layer (10-15%);
- increasing muscle performance;
- increasing the elasticity of muscles and ligaments.
Digital data are given for a three-week course of electrical stimulation. It is advisable to use electrical stimulation to improve the above qualities, both for beginners and experienced athletes. The most pronounced positive effect of electrical stimulation is in bodybuilding, weightlifting, gymnastics, various types of martial arts, etc.
Main purpose of the device
A single-channel stimulator of the human neuromuscular system is intended for physiotherapeutic effects with pulse-modulated currents in health and sports practice, as a means of increasing functional physical sports performance, and for the purpose of preventing and relieving pain syndromes.
The output stimulating pulses (SI) of the device are rectangular current oscillations of adjustable frequency (1-10 kHz) modulated by an exponential envelope. Envelope repetition frequency 7-300 Hz. The indicated SIs are formed into bursts of pulses, adjustable in duration: 0.5-10 sec or 0.05-1 Hz.
Specifications
- In the continuous generation mode (toggle switches “AM”, “FM” - position “0”) a continuous series of SIs is formed, the amplitude of which is regulated by resistor R2 “Output Level”, and the repetition rate by resistor R1 “Pulse Frequency”.
- In the amplitude modulation mode (the “AM” toggle switch is on), automatic alternation of SI series and pauses. The duration of the series is regulated by R3 “Modulation frequency”.
- In the frequency modulation mode (“FM” is on), a continuous series of SIs is generated, automatically changing in frequency from the value set by the “Pulse frequency” regulator to the minimum repetition rate of SIs.
- The SI amplitude adjustment is smooth, from (0-3) V to (33- +3) V (with a power supply voltage of (9- + 0.25 V).
- The SI repetition frequency is smoothly adjusted from (5.8) Hz to (355-+89) Hz.
- Regulation of the frequency of the modulating signal in the range from (0.05-+0.01) Hz to (0.9-+0.22) Hz (or, respectively, from 3 to 120 modulations / min).
- The ratio of the duration of the modulation pulse to the pause is no more than 1.5:1.
- The pulse duration (ti) is (0.5-+0.08) ms.
- Average power consumption (at power supply voltage (9-+0.25) V, SI amplitude (33-+3) V and connected load equivalent (1-+0.1) kOhm) does not exceed (1.2-+0 ,12)W
The schematic diagram of the electrical stimulator is shown in the figure below.
The stimulator consists of:
Generator of stimulating pulses on elements DD1.1, DD1.2, VD1, VD2, VT3, C1, R1...R7 and resistor R1 “Pulse frequency”;
Modulation generator using elements DD1.3, DD1.4, VT12, SZ, C4, R14…R16, R18…R21, R24 and resistor R3 “Modulation frequency”;
Filling frequency generator on elements DD2.1, DD2.2, VD13, VD14, VT15...VT17, C5, R22, R23, R25...R30, VT19, VT20 and resistor R4 “Filling frequency”;
Power amplifier based on elements VT18, VT21, VT22, R31...R35, C6, C7, transformer TV1, VD23;
Stabilizer on elements VT24, VT25, R36...R38 and LED H3;
Attenuator and pulse shaper on elements VT5, VT6, VD7...VD11, R10...R13, C2, R39 and resistor R2 “Output level”;
Display units on elements DD2.3, R8 and LED H1; VT4, R9 and pointer device PA1 (output signal setting level);
DD2.4, R17 and LED H2 (modulation frequency), LED NC (power supply voltage control).
The signal generators are assembled according to traditional circuits and do not require a separate description.
Electrical stimulator parts list
DD1, DD2 - K561LA7
VT3, VT4, VT17, VT18, VT24, VT25 - KT315G
VT5, VT21 - KT361G
VT19, VT20 - KT972A
VT22 – KT827A VD1, VD2, VD7, VD8…VD14, VD23 – D223B
N1, N2, N3 - AL307BM Device RA1 - M4248 - 100 µA
C1 - 0.068 µF
C2 - 4.7 nF
SZ - 50.0 µF x 10 V
C4 - 10.0 x 10 V
C5 - 6.8 nF
C6 - 30 pF
C7 - 200.0 µF
Transformer: Armor core diameter - 28 mm (external), 12 mm (internal), height - 24 mm. Windings I, II - 27 turns PEL-0.3, III - 447 turns PEL-0.2 The beginning and end of the windings are shown in the diagram.
Resistors:
R1, R33 - 1 kOhm
R2, R9, R14, R22, R23, R24 - 24 kOhm
R3 - 5.6 kOhm
R4 - 56 kOhm
R5, R10 - 100 kOhm
R6 - 68 kOhm
R11, R16, R18, R34 - 10kOhm
R13 - 75 kOhm
R15 - 4.3 kOhm
R20 - 6.8 kOhm
R19 - 51 kOhm
R21 - 20 kOhm
R25, R26, R28, R35 - 3.3 kOhm
R27, R30 - 6.2 kOhm
R29 - 1.8 kOhm
R31, R37 - 4.7 kOhm
R32 - 100 0m
R36 - 910 Ohm
R38 - 510 Ohm
R39 - 1 kOhm
Variable resistors:
R1 SPZ-4A - 10 kOhm
R2 SPZ-4A - 4.7 kOhm
R3, R4 SPZ-4A - 100 kOhm.
The stimulator is assembled in a case the size of a regular school notebook and approximately 5 centimeters in height. The body was soldered from foil PCB and painted with quick-drying enamel. For better adhesion of the enamel to copper foil, the body was prepared before painting: lightly treated with coarse sandpaper, then placed in a ferric chloride solution for 1 minute, then washed and dried. To reduce the size, I used a recording indicator from a cassette recorder as a PA1 device. Battery power makes the device safe from electric shock (in an unexpected situation during procedures, a person will not be able to tear off the electrodes attached to the body). A compartment was made for two square 4.5 volt batteries, but I did not put batteries in it (you can’t get enough of them), but a 9 volt step-down transformer with a diode bridge and a 470 uF capacitor. This does not meet safety requirements, but by complying with certain requirements, you can protect yourself by other measures - be “isolated” from heating systems, grounding, and large metal objects in the room.
PCB
- deltoid muscles 1;
- biceps 2;
- triceps 15;
- brachioradialis muscle 3;
- extensor radialis 14;
- trapezius muscle of the back 8;
- subscapularis muscle and latissimus muscle backs 9;
- teres major muscle 10;
- external oblique abdominal muscle 6;
- serratus anterior and rectus abdominis 5;
- average gluteal muscle, tensor muscle fascia lata, gluteus maximus muscle 11;
- sartorius and rectus femoris 7;
- biceps femoris 13;
- semitendinosus muscle;
- semimembranosus muscle;
- calf muscle 12.
ATTENTION! Subject to electrical stimulation pectoral muscles not recommended. To prevent current flow through the heart area, electrodes should always be placed only on the left or right, upper or lower parts of the body, but never on both sides.
To avoid unpleasant sensations during electrical stimulation, it is necessary to ensure reliable contact between the electrode area and the skin. To do this, place 6-8-layer gauze pads soaked in a 5-10% solution of table salt under the electrodes. Best results gives powdered graphite with spindle oil (sour cream consistency).
1. Increased muscle strength and muscle size
To develop strength qualities, electrical stimulation of the muscle is carried out with the highest possible current (voltage), the value of which is individual and determined by personal sensations. There should be a feeling that the muscle is being torn. This effect is achieved in addition to increasing the amplitude of the signal, also by the duration of the effect. The muscle is brought to a state of complete fatigue by a series of messages: stimulation-relaxation. The duration of stimulation and relaxation is selected individually, observing the main criterion - rapid achievement of fatigue. Before starting the session, you should warm up all muscle groups. It is recommended to carry out training 1-2 times a day; with limited time, stimulation of the most important muscle groups is carried out. Electrical stimulation time for one muscle is up to 5 minutes.
ATTENTION: In the first days of classes, do not allow yourself to become overtired. The achieved results last for 3-4 months without continuing training.
2. Reduction of subcutaneous fat layer
Electrical stimulation allows you to reduce the thickness of the fat layer, activating metabolic processes throughout the body. For this purpose, stimulation of large muscle groups (gluteal, abdominals etc.). The amplitude of the output signal is set to a painless and maximum tolerated muscle contraction. Course - 20 daily sessions, observing fasting diet. Session up to 10 minutes for each muscle group. Electrical stimulation is also effective for emphasizing muscle relief.
3. Flexibility training
The use of electrical stimulation allows for effective stretching of muscles and ligaments, which significantly reduces the time for mastering exercises that require flexibility (for example, “splits”). This area of application of ES can be recommended to representatives various types martial arts To increase flexibility, electrodes are applied to those muscles whose “tension” does not allow performing a particular exercise (for example, the muscles of the back and front of the thigh when doing the splits). The signal amplitude is gradually increased from zero, the relaxation time should be equal to the stimulation time. You need to perform exercises that “stretch” the muscles and ligaments, the stretching of which determines the successful implementation, for example, of the same twine. The combination of exercise and electrical stimulation is very effective in developing flexibility. Work on each muscle for up to 5-10 minutes.
Rules for turning on and controlling the electrical stimulator
The “Output Level” knob should be moved to the far left position. Then, without connecting the electrodes, set the “Output Level” to maximum, switches AM to “1”, FM to “0”. In this case, the battery voltage indicator HL3 should light up; the HL2 modulation indicator lights up rhythmically; synchronously with it - the dial indicator deviates to the right. The HL1 pulse presence indicator should glow from low to moderate level (depending on the “Pulse frequency” knob).
Before starting the session, moisten the electrodes in a saline solution, securely attach the electrodes to the stimulated muscle, connect the wires coming from the electrodes to connectors X1 and X2 of the electrical stimulator. Turn on the electrical stimulator, use the amplitude regulator to gradually set the desired SI amplitude from zero, based on the training methodology and personal feelings. If tingling or burning occurs, press the electrodes harder against the muscles.
When performing electrical stimulation according to point 1, AM, FM is turned on, pulse repetition rate is 30-100 Hz, modulation frequency is 0.2-0.25 Hz (12-15 bursts per minute), filling frequency is 2-8 kHz. The optimal position of the adjustments is determined according to personal feelings, achieving the least discomfort. The rest is according to No. 1 of the Methodology.
For electrical stimulation according to point 2 of the Method: AM on, FM off, repetition rate 100-200 Hz, filling frequency 4-8 kHz, modulation frequency 0.5 Hz (30 bursts per minute).
When performing electrical stimulation according to clause 3, set the parameters according to clause 1 of the Methodology.
Nutrition
Security measures
PROHIBITED:
— moving the electrodes during electrical stimulation without turning off the power of the device;
— break the electrical stimulator-electrode circuit during the session;
— start an electrical stimulation session without reducing the signal amplitude to zero;
- exercise in a state of extreme fatigue.
In terms of the method of protecting the patient from electrical voltage, the stimulator corresponds to class III and type BF according to GOST 12.2.025 - 76g.
There are no absolute contraindications to the use of electrical stimulation.
Electrical stimulation is relatively contraindicated in the following diseases: hemophilia, hereditary and family diseases nervous system(progressive muscular dystrophy, myotonia, myasthenia, amytrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, syrigomyelia, multiple sclerosis (in the acute phase), syphilitic tabes, infectious chorea, all infectious and non-infectious diseases in the acute stage, fever, cerebrovascular disorders, severe forms hypertension, skin diseases, muscle and ligament rupture, bone fractures. Should not be affected vocal cords, as airway closure may occur. Do not perform electrical stimulation of the abdominal and lumbar areas in pregnant women.
It should be borne in mind that electrical stimulation can suppress chronic pain, which is a symptom of a pathological process of unknown causes.
In all cases, the question of the advisability of electrical stimulation should be discussed with a medical specialist.
EMS training(Electrical Muscle Stimulation) is the effect on muscles of a device or exercise machine that sends weak electrical signals through electrodes attached to the surface of the skin. In essence, the device for electrical muscle stimulation generates impulses similar to real muscle contractions during strength exercises.
Advertising of exercise machines and reviews of EMS training studios promises to create strong muscles and a fit athletic body in just 20 minutes of training three times a week, and home EMS abdominal belts “guarantee” sculpted abs without grueling crunches. You just need to put on this electric belt while watching TV, while no exercise is required.
Unfortunately, the evidence base for EMS training is highly controversial. Even if the myostimulation method can increase muscle tone, in most cases, training advertisements significantly overestimate the advantages (especially for weight loss and the fight against cellulite) - and never talk about the disadvantages, possible harm and contraindications. In turn, home EMS abdominal exercise machines are more likely just a toy.
Who invented EMS?
The history of muscle stimulants dates back to the 18th century, when researchers discovered that weak electric current can provoke contractions of a certain muscle in the human body. In the 1960s, Soviet scientists announced that they had developed innovative training mechanics for professional athletes that could increase their muscle strength by a significant 40% (1) .
Later it turned out that it was more about special restorative and rehabilitation therapy, and not at all about a technique for increasing strength and muscle mass in healthy athletes. Then, in the 1970s, Germany began to use electrical muscle stimulation in physical therapy and accelerated recovery of athletes. The first EMS training studios also appeared in Germany - Bodytec and Miha.
EMS trainer - customer reviews
As for reviews of the direct operation of such equipment and the sensations during EMS training, most people note noticeable effects. Pulse currents as if they are squeezing the body from all sides, forcing the muscles to contract. It is quite difficult to resist them, so even simple physical exercise become a test. During training, your heart rate increases and your breathing may become difficult.
Note that the cost of a professional EMS simulator can be hundreds of thousands of rubles - this pushes sellers to “black” Internet marketing techniques, which involve publishing fake reviews. In no other Fitseven material do we see such a high level of activity from “happy customers”, detailing how happy they are with their pumped-up muscles and slimmed-down body.
How EMS training works
Typically, one full workout in an EMS studio lasts about 20-30 minutes. The person puts on a special suit with electrodes, and the trainer regulates the power of electrical impulses for each part of the body, based on the sensations and endurance of the trainee. Then simple physical exercises are performed for various parts of the body - squats, bending and straightening the arms, swinging to the sides, and so on.
The final stage of the training is lymphatic drainage massage, during which you only need to lie down and enjoy the pleasant tingling sensations.
Trainings are held 2-3 times a week.
Real reviews about EMS
As a physiotherapist, I have repeatedly encountered complications from pulsed currents in women of all ages and young girls - life-threatening bleeding from the uterus (rupture of the corpus luteum) occurred. It has now been convincingly proven that, even in the absence of contraindications, ladies and girls should not undergo this kind of procedure.
After the 4th workout, fluid formed above the kneecap, and by the evening the knee was completely swollen. I went to the emergency room and the doctor said that due to the heavy load on the body, he generally forbade such training, everyone’s body is different and it is not known how it will react to such training.
Firstly, electrical stimulation on a constant basis is harmful to the heart; secondly, external stimulation is not a neural impulse, the muscle works without connection with the brain, where is the development of movement stereotypes?; thirdly, these studios hire just anyone to become trainers (look at the ads on headhunters); fourthly, this trend is for the lazy and those who supposedly don’t have time for full training and the desire to break with one’s own body.
EMS training- pros and cons
The first commercial EMS personal training devices appeared in the United States in the late 1990s. Manufacturers tried to give their products and the abdominal muscle stimulation method as much credibility as possible by organizing all sorts of scientific congresses and developing intricate certification methods for the equipment they themselves produced - but without real scientific support.
One attempt at such certification used the wording "weight loss and weight loss device" - but was categorically rejected by regulators as misleading. EMS was eventually certified as a treatment for muscle wasting and spasms in bedridden patients, but not as a technique for muscle growth or body contouring (2) .
EMS ab belt - does it work?
A separate area of EMS technology is home exercise equipment and belts for creating relief press. Intrusive advertising and numerous reviews of “happy customers” promise fat burning, instant definition of cubes, getting rid of cellulite and others positive effects. All you have to do is buy this belt and watch TV in it - and your belly will go away on its own.
Unfortunately, most home EMS ab belts are just low-quality toys from a nameless manufacturer. Even with careful use, they fail literally within the second week. We also note that such a belt must be “glued” to the skin using replaceable gel pads or even paper tape - which means that the stomach will have to be shaved.
EMS: contraindications and harm
We also note that the EMS training method has a serious list of contraindications - from pregnancy to the presence of a number of chronic diseases - including any circulatory disorders, diseases gastrointestinal tract, kidney failure, cancer and so on. Among other things, there are risks if you have a common cold.
IN separate group Contraindications for electrical stimulation include people with pacemakers and other correction devices heart rate as well as persons who have suffered bone fractures, sprains or any damage to the skin in the recent past. However, when selling a subscription in EMS studio trainings often “forget” to warn about this.
Final opinion
Although EMS training can be effective for bedridden and paralyzed patients, it is not able to influence muscle growth, weight loss and significant fat burning, or get rid of stretch marks, cellulite or any other improvement in body contour. In addition, the EMS method has a significant list of contraindications and is not recommended even for a serious cold.
Manufacturers of EMS simulators have been repeatedly fined for false advertising and misleading promises that the myostimulation technique can replace strength training and create “an iron press completely without effort and without a drop of sweat” (3). Moreover, most of the rave reviews on the Internet are most likely fakes, written at the request of the manufacturers.
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EMS training increases muscle tone exclusively in untrained people and in paralyzed patients, without affecting either fat burning or getting rid of cellulite. It is also important that manufacturers of such equipment have been repeatedly fined for misleading advertising that EMS machines can “build muscle without effort.”
Scientific sources:
- Russian electrical stimulation: the early experiments,
- FDA: Import Alert 89-01,
- FTC Charges Three Top-selling Electronic Abdominal Exercise Belts with Making False Claims,
