These animals surprise with their special grace and beauty. If, when you are planning to start breeding horses, you are pursuing only a selfish goal - to make a big profit, then you will not be able to succeed. These luxurious animals must be loved, because they have always been a faithful friend, a good helper for humans. It is also important to know that horses have a capricious nature, so they should be given only the highest quality care. To ensure that success in a glorious business does not leave you, you need to be aware of the main features and distinctive habits of horses.
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Igor Nikolaev
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Keeping and breeding horses, as well as any other domestic animals, requires a responsible approach to creating the necessary conditions, proper nutrition and caring for them. The correct combination of these three factors is the main condition for the harmonious development of a horse in home horse breeding conditions and directly affects the state of his health and the length of his full active life.
This complex involves the correct choice of feed and drink, planning a feeding regime and proper balancing of the diet, organizing regular cleaning of the stable, cleaning the animals themselves, proper use of the animal in work, veterinary care and other equally important types of work.
When planning to start breeding horses, the future horse breeder must take into account the fact that these animals have a thin nervous system, therefore, in addition to maintaining cleanliness and regular feeding, they require a gentle and caring attitude. In addition, these large pets, unlike many others, require sufficient personal space to live comfortably.
Simply put, before purchasing these animals, the breeder must not only prepare a warm, spacious and comfortable room that meets all the necessary standards and requirements, but also select pasture in advance, take care of purchasing feed and organizing its proper storage, and prepare the necessary household equipment in advance.
So there is plenty to do even before these wonderful animals appear in your yard.
Stable organization
Successful horse breeding as a horse breeding business begins with the proper organization of premises for their maintenance (stables).
The first thing you should pay attention to is its size. It should be spacious, well lit and have a sufficient level of ventilation, since these animals do not tolerate dampness, constantly low temperatures and musty air very well.
Therefore, the main requirements for the stable are a constant indoor temperature within the range of plus 15 - 18 degrees and natural light entering the stable through a sufficient number of windows. The region of our country in which the farm is located directly affects the costs of meeting the listed requirements.
Before starting the construction of a new or adapting an old stable, it is recommended to once again check the list of necessary equipment and the list of basic standards. This will avoid mistakes at the first stage, which are difficult to correct later.
The stalls must have space for grain feeders and drinkers, hay mangers with a compartment for mineral supplements. The drinking bowl can be either a modern automatic one or an ordinary, well-fixed bucket. According to the standards, nurseries and feeders must be installed at the level of the horse’s chest, for convenient and comfortable eating for animals.
The organization of stalls is a separate item in the arrangement of a stable. This is the personal space of each individual, intended for rest and sleep. It should not be cramped, and it is recommended to make the door lattice so that the animal can see what is happening outside the stall at any time.
The specifics of horse breeding in Russia confront breeders of these animals with the problem of choosing a system for keeping them. Existing systems for keeping these animals, based on pasture-stall methods, make it easy to separate horses into groups. The criteria for such division may be the age, sex of the animal or its intended purpose. For example, stallions are often kept in stalls, ranging from a couple of dozen to a hundred heads. This kind of maintenance is typical mainly for large horse breeding farms.
Every day, horses require a sufficient amount of grain feed (oats), as well as sources of vitamins and minerals (vegetables, fruits and special mineral and vitamin supplements). They also need constant care for the skin and teeth, regular washing of the mane followed by combing it, as well as cleaning the hooves and timely replacement of horseshoes.
In general, the method of keeping these animals in Russia is selected taking into account several factors, the main of which are: the characteristics of a particular area, climatic conditions, the specifics of the natural food supply, and so on.
For example, the herd keeping method was widely used by nomadic peoples, whose lifestyle did not allow organizing a permanent stable with cozy stalls. This method of horse breeding has survived to this day, and is considered the most natural and closest to natural living conditions. wild horses. Such keeping and rearing has its advantages, the main of which is the familiar habitat of the animals and the ecological purity of the feed they consume. In addition, the popularity of this technique is also due to significant savings in feed costs.
There is also an improved method of keeping and breeding horses, called cultural herd. It also involves keeping horses on natural pastures all year round, but at the same time, special feeding bases are installed near the pastures, covered with canopies, where horses come for artificial feeding and feed that is not available in the natural environment. Conditions imply widespread use of this method.
These animals can be bred in other ways. The stable system is based on the permanent residence of these animals in specially equipped premises - stables.
In Russia this is very relevant. To provide the necessary motor activity They are walked on special fenced areas located near the premises. The sizes of these paddocks are planned based on their respective standards. For example, stallions of the main herd need 20 square meters of free space, young animals need about 400, and breeding producers need about 600 square meters.
In order to protect animals as much as possible from negative weather events, which are common in Russia, special dry and closed premises are also installed next to the walking area. However, this measure is relevant only for breeding animals - pregnant mares and breeding males. The main herd usually uses natural shelters - ravines, hollows and other relief features.
Caring for horses means feeding them correctly, keeping the animal and stall clean, and also taking care of its hooves.
Feeding
It is very important to organize daily feeding of horses at the same time.
The diet must be of high quality and balanced. In addition to natural feed (grass and hay), it must include grain (oats or barley), vegetables, fruits, mineral supplements and animal feed. The diet itself must be adjusted depending on age and physical condition animal, season, gender and other factors.
It is important to observe the correct single dosage for each food distribution. Overfeeding is no less harmful than underfeeding, so daily and one-time portions must be calculated in advance and correctly. This calculation is made based on the age and live weight of the horse. As a rule, for every 100 kilograms of weight, five kilograms of feed are needed. In the summer, when kept on pasture, the horses of the main herd, as a rule, have enough plant food eaten per day, and they do not require additional feeding.
Horse breeding is an interesting and profitable type of business. Strong and intelligent animals, horses were domesticated thousands of years ago. People used them as labor and transport; meat, skin, and horsehair were also used. A business approach to fattening horses or raising a foal can bring good profits.
Horse breeding can become a profitable business if you add business calculations to everyday ingenuity
Horse breeding is a complex and costly process. Correct calculation is not complete without a business plan for horse breeding. A business plan answers the question of whether it is worth investing in a project. It determines how much initial capital should be, analyzes possible problems and ways to solve them.
Creating your own farm involves the following expenses:
- rent or purchase of land;
- construction of a stable;
- purchase of livestock;
- provision of food;
- staff salaries.
Documentation costs are low. No special permits are required for this type of activity. By registering as a legal entity, you can acquire ownership of a plot of land. If funds are limited, it is possible to lease the land in whole or in part.
Pay special attention to personnel selection. Both skilled grooms and auxiliary workers will be required. Agree with your veterinarian about preventive examinations, vaccinations and treatment of your livestock.
Investments at the start can reach tens of millions of rubles. But when making the right choice business concept and efficient use of funds, the profitability indicator is very high. It is capable of up to 300%. The payback period in case of favorable developments will be at least 5-7 years.
Ways to make a profit
Horse breeding as a business involves various ways of implementation. It is recommended to invest fixed assets in areas that bring the greatest profit. What is often chosen as a leading concept?
- Breeding horses for meat. The minimal cost of keeping horses and the availability of pasture make this type of horse breeding very attractive. Feeding costs, as a rule, are noticeably lower than income from the sale of horse meat.
- Livestock breeding. The high cost of stallions and mares of elite breeds provides good profits from breeding and sales.
- Riding school and hippotherapy. City residents are often willing to pay for horse riding lessons, as well as participate in developmental and rehabilitation classes.
Such a business requires considerable investment, but the profitability can be high
Most owners try to combine different types of activities. Many ways to generate income can be either primary or secondary, depending on the situation.
- Rental of premises. Private owners are happy to place their horses in the nearby stables.
- Animal rental. The temporary owner receives the right to care for the horse and ride it. Some tenants get used to the animal and subsequently buy it.
- Sale of accessories. Trade in accessories for riding and horse care will help attract new customers.
When choosing a direction, you need to take into account the location of the farm. Residents are mainly interested in therapeutic and developmental activities. major cities. Group horseback riding trips and walks are in demand in resort areas. Beef farming will be profitable in areas where there is space for grazing.
Thoroughbred horses are valuable meat
Purchasing horses
The horse business for meat production includes the breeding and fattening of beef horses. It is recommended to immediately purchase purebred horses with a good pedigree. They have a higher yield of meat with improved taste. With such initial data, the investment will pay off faster.
Horses of specially bred breeds are best suited for raising for meat.
Breed selection
These horses have a massive build, short legs And wide back. In our country, various breeds have been bred for meat production, for example:
- Kazakh;
- Yakut;
- Novoaltaiskaya and others.
Breeds adapted to local conditions are best suited for breeding. These horses are unpretentious, resistant to diseases and quickly gain weight.
Properties of horse meat
Horse meat is dark red dense meat with streaks. It is nutritionally comparable to beef, containing about 70% water, 5% fat and 23% protein. The back part is considered the most delicious. Pieces of increased fat content are taken from the neck or peritoneum. There are no strict standards for the classification of horse meat; it is conventionally divided into two categories.
- Meat from foals one and a half to two years old is considered dietary.
- Marbled meat with a higher fat content is obtained from adult horses 3-5 years old.
Features of use
Horse meat is traditionally popular among peoples with a nomadic lifestyle: in Tatarstan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. In Europe, horse meat is rarely used in its pure form, but is added to sausages. It gives meat products elasticity and a pleasant taste. Among Muslims, eating horse meat is not encouraged, but there is no strict ban on it, unlike India or Israel.
Profitability: in the pasture and in the stables
In the herd
Keeping a herd on pasture is more profitable in terms of feed costs. Horses are herbivores, and pasture vegetation is best suited for their nutrition. To improve the properties of green mass, nutritious perennial plants are sown onto the grass. Not far from the pastures, it is recommended to equip pens or stalls where the herd waits out cold nights and frosts. Such temporary shelters have food, water and salt in stock.
Free life on the pasture has a good effect on the taste of meat
In the stall
To increase profits from breeding horses, they are kept and fattened in a stable. The building is designed at the rate of 6-10 sq. m per animal. Heating is not required, but good thermal insulation and absence of drafts are important. At the initial stage, it is not necessary to purchase expensive automatic equipment: feeders, drinking bowls. Subsequently, the stable can be equipped with the profit received. It is much more important to keep horses clean and well fed.
Horses destined for meat cannot be used for farm work. This negatively affects weight gain and quality of horse meat.
Which is more profitable?
The payback period for pasture maintenance is 1-3 years. After slaughtering, the meat is dense and tasty, although somewhat tough. It has dietary properties due to its low fat content. During stable breeding, the horse gains weight faster and develops fatter and more tender meat. Despite the high costs of procuring and purchasing feed, the profitability of this method of breeding is noticeably higher.
Basic principles of fattening
Feed quality
Horse meat farming as a business on an industrial scale is not easy to implement. The horse is a finicky animal, demanding food. Feed for breeding requires high-quality food, without large solid inclusions, thorns, or mold. The same, however, applies to breeding horses at home.
Feed composition
The main part of the diet consists of grass and hay, which are enriched with various components.
- Oats, barley, clover. They give large number energy, which stimulates weight gain.
- Bran. Added to the diet to improve digestion.
- Vitamins. They come in the form of ready-made vitamin supplements, as well as as part of green food.
- Rock salt. A horse needs about 1 kg per month. You can replace salt with mineral supplements.
Grass and hay in the diet of ungulates raised for slaughter are supplemented with grain, bran, vitamins and salt
Meat yield
Advantages of broiler housing
Prebiotics
When raised in stables, they are used modern technologies accelerated fattening. Without giving up hay, prebiotic feed is included in the diet. They are digested 30-40% better than standard mixtures, which is why fast build-up muscle mass. Prebiotic feeds help realize the body’s internal resources:
- stimulate the vital activity of the body and microflora;
- accelerate fermentation processes;
- neutralize toxic substances.
Meat yield
By the age of six months, foals weigh 200 kg, and after another six months the weight of the animals reaches more than 400 kg. Particularly heavy specimens can gain up to 600-800 kg. After the horse is slaughtered, the meat yield is approximately 54-62%. Due to speed dial weight, horse breeding becomes no less profitable than cattle breeding.
Diet preparation
It is necessary to regularly consult with specialists on how to feed horses correctly. Particular attention should be paid to the period before slaughter, when horses are rapidly gaining weight. A balanced nutrition scheme is based on the conditions of keeping, breed, and health status of the animals. Select reliable feed suppliers who guarantee its quality.
Procurement and sale of horse meat
Preparation for the winter
Traditionally, horse slaughter, which is called “sogym” among nomadic peoples, begins before the onset of winter. Before slaughtering horses destined for meat, grazing on pastures is combined with intensive fattening for 3-4 months. In addition to daily food, they give corn, carrots, and turnips.
- As cold weather approaches, horses gain weight faster and the percentage of meat yield increases.
- Due to the decrease in livestock in winter period Less feed will be required.
- During the cold season, it is easier to ensure storage conditions for meat.
Butchering a carcass is a real art. Some parts will be used for sausage, others for steaks
Slaughter
The ability to kill a horse was passed down in nomadic tribes from fathers to sons. The horse was tied up and its neck was cut. Carcasses were often butchered directly on the ground, with dirt getting on the meat. In a modern slaughterhouse, the horse is immobilized with a strong blow on the head or with an electrical discharge and butchered, observing the rules of hygiene. It is more profitable to slaughter horses of meat breeds, but sometimes owners sell used draft or sports horses for meat.
Sales
Raising horses requires a clear organization of marketing of meat obtained as a result of slaughter. Frozen and chilled horse meat is delivered to meat processing plants and sold through retail trade. Dietary meat from young animals is used in medical institutions and sanatoriums. A promising way of investing is to purchase your own workshop for the production of sausages.
Resume
A horse is a difficult animal to care for, but the work of a livestock breeder is lively and interesting. Even with experience in how to raise horses efficiently and profitably, it is necessary to constantly monitor current trends in animal husbandry. Within just a few years, a flexible business approach and consideration of local circumstances will allow the initial capital investment to be recouped. Horse breeding will bring you not only material benefits, but also the joy of communicating with these smart and beautiful animals.
Breeding horses is a process that requires great attention to the appearance of the pets and their key qualities, which must meet the requirements of a particular breed. The main breeding tool for many years has been the process of selection and selection, which ensures the success of selection and the production of efficient and visually attractive offspring. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to preserve the pedigree and consistency of color and breed when breeding horses is meant.
Horse breeding farms often keep records of pedigrees, as well as livestock, which allows them to breed truly thoroughbred horses during selection. The presence of the necessary data makes it possible to track breeding and exterior characteristics, parents, which make it possible to track the genotype. Based on this information, a pair is selected from within the group of horses, which makes it possible to preserve the breed and experiment.
The main purpose of such selection is to select horses for improving existing varieties or breeding new breed. Breeding horses in these conditions with selection makes it possible to improve some characteristics of the horse, as well as develop the necessary indicators and make a number of changes in the horse’s body in the required direction. This breeding is the most correct and successful, since it eliminates the possibility of unwanted mixing of blood.
The most important stage that marks the breeding of horses can be considered selection. The effectiveness of selection activities can be influenced by:
- quality indicators of breeding horses;
- heritable indicators;
- changes in genetic indicators.
Based on this, the first stage of selection should be the assessment of phenotypes: live weight, appearance, measurements, typicality, as well as ability to work. Thanks to the assessment of the phenotype, it becomes possible to determine the breeding purpose. The right approach, which presupposes successful breeding of a horse, after selection, must be based on a careful selection of a partner ready for mating. The selection process consists of composing parental pairs that are capable of producing offspring of the desired type. It also makes it possible to enrich nature and create lines and types with new qualities.
Depending on the colors on which horse breeding is based, experts distinguish heterogeneous and homogeneous selections. Heterogeneous selections are applicable in cases where horses are bred between individuals, one of which does not have well-defined useful traits. Their reproduction leads to the fact that the offspring receives clear characteristics of the second parent, who has the necessary potential.
Homogeneous selections can be used when both parents have the right set of distinct traits.
Selection can be based on indicators of agility, and taking into account the strengthening of heredity, the result of such symbiosis is high-quality offspring that meets all existing requirements. In this case, heterogeneous selections can be applicable in conditions of the need for growth selection. Both methods described above, provided that the exterior, agility, type and measurement are improved, can be very effective.
Raising animals will require effort.
People who professionally breed horses are widely aware of two main methods of crossing breeds, as well as purebred breeding. Today, the method of purebred horse breeding is rightly considered the main one. It is mainly used when breeding Arabian horses, purebred riding horses, Oryol trotters, Akhal-Teke and other representatives of the factory breed. This technique allows you to improve the performance of the most valuable breeds or preserve the entire list of their useful qualities.
At the same time, it is worth mentioning the difference between unrelated (outbreeding) and related breeding (inbreeding), which have their own characteristics.
The crossing procedure involves the process of pairing two individuals representing different breeds with each other. This method is mainly applicable to stud farms, which, among other things, specialize in developing new characteristics in breeds. Breeding horses using a similar technique makes it possible to produce horses that are suitable for use in various fields in a number of areas. What is noteworthy is that individuals in this situation may have sporting, working or productive characteristics that can be passed on to offspring.
Horses born from crossbreeding may acquire a number of new traits or qualities as each parent passes on a different portion of the genetic material. As a result of further selection or selection, breeding or zootechnical activities, the obtained qualities can be somewhat strengthened or consolidated, thanks to which further breeding of the horse can give excellent, in many ways unique results.
At professional venues, the horse is inseminated artificially, since it is he who guarantees healthy and numerous offspring at relatively low cost. The cost of breeding semen is such that even the average horse breeder can afford to purchase it, so with the insemination of a mare, it becomes possible to obtain offspring with the most valuable characteristics and indicators. At the same time, you can avoid serious costs for purchasing and maintaining a horse, whose main task is to fertilize mares.
Horses usually reach sexual maturity at the age of 2 years, very rarely this can happen after reaching one year. It should be taken into account that the optimal age for mating horses, regardless of breed, is three years of age. Following these recommendations can guarantee high quality offspring.
Breeding technique
Modern horse breeding involves breeding and mating using three main methods:
- Varkovym;
- joint;
- manual
The manual method is applicable in a stall situation, while the other two are applicable in a herd situation. Manual mating involves detecting heat by rectal examination or using sampler males. To test stallions, using long reins, they are brought closer to the front of the horse, holding the mare by the reins. In the case when the female's ears are flattened, anxiety is manifested, and attempts to bite or hit are observed, it can be stated that the optimal period for mating has not yet arrived.
When the presence of hunting is determined, you can begin to organize the mating process.
- Before organizing mating, the horses’ genitals should be washed using warm water, the mare’s tail should be bandaged, and a special harness for mating should be put on the horses.
- The actual mating should take place in a specialized room in which the floor is as level as possible, which will avoid injury.
- During the mounting process, the horse can remain on the mare for a long time. The fact that ejaculation is occurring can be indicated by the tail, which during this period will make movements from top to bottom.
- In a situation where the mating did not give the desired result, the horse should be given a rest before repeating. To do this, he should be led on a leash for about 20 minutes and only then allowed to mount for the second time.
- A successful insemination should also be completed by resting both animals with a short walk and placing them in a pen. It should be taken into account that carrying out more than 2 matings per day may lead to further attempts being ineffective.
Horse breeding can also be done using cooking mating. This technique is used in the case when a horse, due to objective reasons, cannot be allowed into the general herd. In this case, the mares are driven into the bark (which, in essence, is a yard), after which the stallion is launched towards them. In this case, the horse independently determines the mare that is ready to cover. The use of the cooking method greatly simplifies the owner’s work, since the animals do not require additional attention.
School mating involves breeding and mating horses by forming schools of them. In such jambs prerequisite is the presence of a male who, without human intervention, will independently determine the heat of mares and cover them.
Breeding horses at home mainly occurs using one of the methods described above. Modern science and technology offers operations for artificial insemination of mares. Thanks to this method, you can solve a lot of serious issues and avoid a number of problems. In conditions of artificial insemination, it is possible to avoid the spread of diseases of the reproductive system and to inseminate even those animals that are in quarantine. Besides, artificial insemination does not imply the presence of the desired male in close proximity to the female, and also allows several mares to be impregnated at once. If you have certain skills, you can perform such an operation even at home.
Pregnancy period
After the horse has been covered, it does not allow any more stallions to approach it. In addition, this period is marked by changes in behavior:
- laziness;
- calm;
- good appetite, since it is through food that the horse receives the entire necessary range of nutrients.
It is quite difficult to determine the presence of pregnancy at the first stage, while already at the second stage noticeable roundness appears, as well as other changes indicating the presence of new life inside the animal. Major changes also occur immediately before childbirth, when there is a prolapse of the groin, legs, swelling of the udder and abdomen, as well as a lowering of the abdomen. In the last stages of pregnancy, milk begins to ooze. During this period, the mare needs careful care.
The stable must be clean during pregnancy and childbirth, and there is also a need for conditions that are important for the normal birth process. After childbirth, special care is also necessary, since during this period the occurrence of obesity, which is a characteristic phenomenon, should be prevented. However, the care does not end there.
It should be taken into account that animal instinct tells mares how to behave during a given period, and appropriate care from humans should contribute to this, and not harm. Anyone can raise good, healthy horses at home with the right motivation. In addition, your horse can bring serious money by turning into a business, but for this it is important not to miss the right moment.
Among various types entrepreneurship related to livestock farming has good prospects for horse breeding as a business. Although it is necessary to immediately clarify that they require painstaking care, and the very maintenance of horses is associated with large expenses.
Directions in horse breeding
For thousands of years horses have remained faithful assistants and friends for their owners. Previously, they performed many tasks in agriculture. Now the use of these amazing animals has lost its great vital importance, but the horse breeding business continues to flourish.
In the organization of horse breeding today several directions are used:
- breeding for sale of purebred breeds;
- participation in horse racing;
- hippotherapy;
- paid walks;
- riding schools;
- breeding for slaughter.
Some entrepreneurs, having decided to start breeding this particular type of animal, try to combine several areas of business. For example, create a school with the opportunity to teach horse riding, keep clients’ pets for a fee, and organize walks. Many racetrack owners not only organize horse races, but also mediate the sale of thoroughbreds.
Places for building stables
The choice of location for building a farm depends on several factors:
- rental possibilities;
- farm specialization;
- financial condition of a businessman.
- hay;
- special feed;
- oats;
- millet;
- corn;
- grains
The presence of fresh water and table salt also belongs to the mandatory menu.
You can prepare the components necessary for nutrition yourself, entrust the task to a specially hired assistant, or use the services of suppliers. If the entrepreneur has chosen the latter option, you need to make sure that the suppliers are reliable enough. The composition of the diet in proportions largely depends on the health status, age and breed of the animal. Having poor understanding of this issue, it is better to ask for advice from already experienced breeders.
Recruitment
Even if the main goal of an entrepreneur is to breed thoroughbred horses for meat as a business, and not to create a riding school, he will still need a staff that will have the following positions:
- manager - adjusting the work of the entire horse farm;
- grooms - walking, cleaning animals and looking after them;
- auxiliary workers - cleaning stables, feeding;
- veterinarian – ensuring healthy condition, controlling reproduction, assisting in childbirth.
If you want to save money, you can perform the position of manager yourself, but only if the entrepreneur is a specialist in this matter.
Additional income opportunities
On no one, even a very profitable farm, additional profit can be superfluous. Owners of stables can earn money based on the specifics of their farms. Lots of ideas:
- a store selling riding equipment;
- sale of saddles, feeders, bridles;
- sale of foals and adults;
- organizing excursions around the horse farm.
Hippotherapy has recently become popular: the possibility of rehabilitation of children with developmental problems and adults suffering from various neurological disorders during exercises with horses. If the stud farm is located near a large city, such a service can attract many clients.
Required Investments
The horse riding business requires significant investments, which range from several million rubles if the owner decides not to rent, but to buy land. A significant amount of the available stock will be spent on the purchase of purebred pets, the construction of stables, and the construction of a corral.
The profitability of the business is quite high, at least 200%, however, with significant costs at the initial stage and provision of horses good conditions, the investment will pay off no earlier than in 4–5 years. Having your own stable is always profitable, but working with horses requires special efforts, knowledge and serious investments, which not every entrepreneur can do.
Horse Breeding: Video
