25.03.202127.05.2017

Shooting sport is one of the oldest applied sports. At first they competed in archery and crossbow shooting, but with the advent of firearms in the mid-14th century, they began to compete in shooting from smoothbore rifles. The creation of rifled weapons led to the emergence of bullet shooting.

Besides practical shooting, which you can learn a lot about from our previous articles, the main types of sports shooting include: bullet, clay pigeon shooting, benchrest, varmint and sniping.

1. Bullet shooting

View shooting sports, in which athletes use rifled weapons: pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber rifles and pistols. The goal is static and moving targets in the shooting range. Shooting can be done lying down, standing or kneeling.

Bullet shooting was included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896. One of the initiators was Pierre de Coubertin, who himself was a seven-time French champion in bullet shooting. Now at the Olympics in this sport, medals are awarded in 10 exercises: 5 in the rifle and 5 in the pistol.

Olympic exercises:

VP-6(men) – air rifle. Distance 10 meters, target No. 8, 60 shots standing.
VP-4(women) – air rifle. Distance 10 meters, target No. 8, 40 shots standing.
MV-6(men) – small-caliber rifle. Shooting from three positions (prone, standing, kneeling). Distance 50 meters, target No. 7. It is necessary to fire 40 shots from each position.

MV-5(women) – small-caliber rifle. Shooting from three positions (prone, standing, kneeling). Distance 50 meters, target No. 7. It is necessary to fire 20 shots from each position.
MV-9(men) – small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 meters, target No. 7. 60 shots prone.
PP-2(women) – air pistol. Distance 10 meters, target No. 9. 40 shots.

PP-3(men) – air pistol. Distance 10 meters, target No. 9. 60 shots.
MP-5(women) - standard small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 meters. The exercise is divided into 2 parts. The first is 30 shots at a stationary target No. 4, the second is 30 shots at a appearing target No. 5.
MP-6(men) – a random small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 meters, target No. 4. 60 shots.
MP-8(men) - standard small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 meters, 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots.

In addition to the Olympic disciplines, the shooting program includes a number of non-Olympic disciplines.

2. Skeet shooting

Skeet shooting is shooting at special flying clay pigeon targets. Shooting is carried out at open shooting ranges with smooth-bore, but not pneumatic, guns.

Skeet shooting dates back to the Middle Ages. Back then, hunters held bird shooting competitions. The first medals at the Olympic Games in skeet shooting were awarded in 1900. Then the fire was directed at live pigeons thrown into the air; a little later the birds were replaced by saucers.

The Olympic program includes competitions in 3 disciplines clay pigeon shooting: trench stand, round stand and double trap.

trench stand (TRAP). Athletes shoot at clay pigeons, which are thrown out of a trench in a random direction by 15 throwing machines. Until the moment the target takes off, the shooter does not know where it will fly. Each target is given 1 cartridge.

double ladder The competition is held on the principle of a trench stand, only the plates are thrown out in pairs rather than one at a time. Shooting is carried out in doublet.

round stand. Shooters move from one shooting station to another (there are 8 in total), changing the shooting angle. The skeet takes off at different heights, the targets fly towards each other.

There is another discipline of skeet shooting that is not included in the Olympic Games program - sporting.

Sporting(hunting shooting) is a type of clay pigeon shooting that combines almost all sports and hunting disciplines. Athletes need to shoot at targets flying through the air and moving on the ground, simulating the flight of birds and the running of animals.

3. Benchrest

A shooting and technical sport based on high-precision shooting. Benchrest appeared in the process of zeroing small arms from a sandbag.

Benchrest- This is shooting for accuracy. The shooter's main task is to fire 5 (or 10) shots at one point. sits at a special table, the rifle is mounted with the fore-end on the front stop. Athletes in this type of shooting sport must be able to “read” and compensate for the wind; without this skill, high results in benchrest cannot be achieved.

Benchrest competitions are held for both short and long distances.

benchrest BR-50– shooting from small-caliber devices;
short benchrest– shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
benchrest Long Range– shooting at distances of 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and mile.

4.Varminting

A type of high-precision shooting, which is based on the type of hunting for rodents (marmots, rats and other small animals).

For varminting, there is a special type of weapon designed specifically for this sport: the Varmint Rifle. This is a small-caliber rifle (5.6 mm), equipped with a heavy barrel and a strong optical sight (tenfold or more magnification).

Shooting is done from a rest (tripod or stand). Artificial targets that imitate the silhouette of marmots are used as targets in varminting.

5. Sniping

Sniping is shooting for accuracy from different positions, at previously unknown distances, in a limited period of time in the field. Athletes shoot from sniper rifles.

Sniping is divided into sports and practical.

1) sporty– this is shooting at targets in order to achieve the best result and receive prizes;

2) practical- the lot of military personnel and law enforcement officers. Practical sniping in turn is divided into:

police officer- competitions in urban areas, at distances where objects are located in the city (on average 50-300 meters;
military– shooters have to shoot at a distance of 500 to 1500 meters in mountainous and wooded areas

Again I was drawn to the hardball theme. Today we will consider such a phenomenon in our sports shooting world as bullet shooting.

I would like to start with historical information. The shooting movement in Russia began to develop at the end XIX century, and the first shooting competitions took place in Khabarovsk May 25, 1898. So, gentlemen, fellow club members, we live next door to the birthplace of shooting sports in Russia.

Types of sports shooting

And now about bullet shooting. Shooting is highlighted:

from a pistol;
from a rifle;
on a moving target.

At the same time, the spread in the choice of weapons is also quite large:

pneumatic (4.5 mm);
small-caliber (5.6 mm);
large-caliber (6.5-7.62 mm for rifles, 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

In the Russian Federation, bullet shooting is supervised by the Shooting Union of Russia, in the world - by the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF).

Rifle shooting

Rifles from air to large-caliber are used. Distance to target – from 10 m to 300 m.

For shooting, the following positions are used: “prone”, “kneeling”, “standing”. Prohibited use optical sights all kinds.

Pistol shooting

Pistols, again, are used in all three types - pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber. Shooting is carried out only from a standing position, the weapon is held in one hand outstretched. Optics are not allowed here either.

Shooting at a moving target

Shooting is carried out from an air rifle (10 m) or a small-caliber rifle (50 m). The use of optics is permitted. At 50 m - any magnification, at 10 m - up to 4 times. Shooting is carried out only from a standing position.

At 10m a modified conventional target is used with an aiming point between a pair of targets:

Moving target 10 meters

At 50 m they shoot at the “boar”:

Moving target 50 meters

The targets move in both directions (left-right). When the target passes through an open space (“window”), one shot is fired.

Bullet shooting- a type of shooting sport in which shooting is carried out with a bullet from pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber rifles and pistols. It is divided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, and rifle shooting at a moving target. Shooting can be done lying down, standing or kneeling.

The shooting sports school was opened in 1986 as part of the rowing sports school for youth sports school of the Moscow Sports Committee. In the period from September 1986 to March 1987, in the semi-basement of the Borisovo sports complex, without the involvement of contractors, work was carried out to build a shooting range with 7 shooting stations at a distance of 25 m for shooting from small-caliber weapons and 5 shooting stations at a distance of 10 m for shooting from air guns. Storage room has been equipped firearms and ammunition, a number of other necessary premises. The first groups were recruited in November and December 1986.

The goal of the school is to train high-class athletes who are capable of becoming candidates for the sports teams of the city of Moscow and the Russian Federation.

During the work of the school, multiple winners and prize-winners of Championships and Championships of Russia, Europe and the world have been trained:

Laburets Ekaterina(MS): 3rd PE (Sofia-1992), 1st and 3rd PE (Brno-1993), 3rd PM (Milan-1994), multiple winner of PR and CR,

Petrukhova Irina(MSMK): 1st PE (Wroclaw-1994), 1st PE (Helsinki-1995), multiple winner of PR and All-Russian competitions,

Movsikova Svetlana(MSMK): 3rd PE (Wroclaw-1994), 3rd PE (Zurich-1995), 2nd PE (Helsinki-1995), multiple winner of PR and all-Russian competitions,

Khimkova Lyubov(MS): 3rd PE (Sofia-1996), 3rd PE (Finland-1997), multiple PR winner, prize-winner and finalist of the CR,

Kanochkin Peter(MS): 2nd PM (Barcelona-1998), 2nd PE (Denmark-1999), champion of Russia-2012, multiple winner of PR,

Aleynikov Evgeniy(ZMS): bronze medalist of the Olympic Games (Sydney 2000), 3rd World Championship (Lahti 2002), world record as part of a team, Multiple Champion Europe, Russia,

Dryagin Alexander(MSMK) 3m PE (Norway-2010), 2m CR-2011, 1m KR-2011.

Ryzhikh Anastasia(MS): 1st PE (Italy-2012), 2-time winner of PR-2012, 1st PE individually and in a team (Croatia-2013), multiple winner and prize-winner of the Russian Championships.

Luginets Nazar(MSMK): champion of the Universiade 2013, champion of Russia 2013, champion of Europe 2013,

multiple Champion and medalist of the Czech Republic, winner of the Russian Cup.

A number of winners of the Russian Championships among boys and girls, and prize-winners of the Russian Championships among juniors have been prepared.

36 athletes - Candidate of Masters, more than 80 people - 1st category, large number mass athletes

For 2012-13, 8 athletes are included in the Russian national team of the main and youth composition: Sushko Anna(MSMK), Luginets Nazar(MSMK), Dryagin Alexander(MSMK), Kirillov Artem(MSMK), Khimkova Lyubov(MS), Kanochkin Peter(MS), Ryzhikh Anastasia(MS), Titova Margarita(KMS).

Today the school has 5 trainers:

Aleynikov E.V.(ZMS), Levshin A.A.(ZTR), Boyko E.I.(2 cat.), Vasilchenko S.G.(highest category), Maleeva E.S.(2 cat.

"MGFSO" of Moskomsport occupies a leading position in Moscow in the training of high-class shooting athletes. The school expects a serious improvement in the development of bullet shooting in the structure of MGFSO and the city of Moscow, with a view to 2013-2020.

Bullet shooting, i.e. shooting from rifled large-caliber, small-caliber and pneumatic sporting weapons is one of the most popular and widespread sports. Shooting sports have a long history - competitions in rifle and pistol shooting are included in the program Olympic Games, starting with the first Games in 1896, and a year later regular world shooting championships began to be held.

Unlike most other sports, marksmanship is an art that can be mastered by anyone, regardless of their age and physical characteristics. Systematic lesson Sports shooting develops composure, perseverance, self-discipline and the will to win, and over oneself. In this sport, the winner is the one who controls his actions better than his opponents in the stressful environment of the competition. That is why sports shooting is a type of human activity where there really is no limit to perfection. Moreover, the opportunities for men and women to achieve high results in this sport are almost equal.

The bullet shooting department at Moskvich opened in January 2009. The department employs highly qualified trainers, among them there are athletes who have been honored in the recent past: Fedkin Yuri Nikolaevich - Olympic champion 1992, Honored Master of Sports, Turischeva Tatyana Mikhailovna– five-time European champion, multiple USSR champion, Honored Master of Sports, Suslov Alexander Mikhailovich- Honored Trainer of Russia, International Master of Sports.

From September 1, 2019 in The department trains 38 athletes. At the higher stage sportsmanship- 6 people, of which: “Honored Master of Sports” - 3 athletes, “Master of Sports of International Class” - 1 athlete, “Master of Sports” - 2 athletes.

Klimov Alexey– Honored Master of Sports, multiple winner and prize-winner of the World and European Championships, World Cup finals, world record holder, participant in the 2008 Olympic Games (8th place) and 2012 (4th place), silver medalist first European Games 2015, winner of the 2015 European Championship, participant of the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro (9th place), bronze medalist of the 2016 World Cup final, medalist of the 2017 European Championship, champion of Russia 2018-19.

Alipova Yulia- Master of Sports of international class, winner of the 2013 European Championship in the team event, silver medalist of the 2015 European Championship in the team event, winner of the 2015-2016 Russian Championships, bronze medalist of the 2017-2018 Russian Championships, silver medalist of the Russian Championship 2019

Mozgalova (Klimova) Kira– Honored Master of Sports, multiple winner and prize-winner of the World and European Championships, World Cup finals, participant in the 2012 Olympic Games (5th place), silver medalist of the Russian Championship 2018, winner of the Russian Championship 2019 in team competitions.

Bobkova Marina– Honored Master of Sports, winner and prize-winner of the World and European Championships, champion of Russia 2017, winner of the Russian Cup 2018.

The Russian national team from our school includes 6 athletes.

It is divided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, and rifle shooting at a moving target. Produced by a bullet from rifled weapons: pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-caliber (5.6 mm) and large-caliber (6.5 mm - 7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

Targets are printed using a printing method on dense white or cream-colored material. When pierced by a bullet, such a target retains the outline of the bullet hole without excessively rough distortions and tears along the edges of the hole. The sizes and dimensions of the hole advantage zones are different, depending on the type of weapon and the distance from the line of fire to the target line.

Nowadays, all major international competitions are held using electronic target systems that determine the value of a hole by acoustic, optical or combined methods.

Every year, shooting competitions at various levels are held: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) for bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 9 women's exercises that are included in the programs international competitions. Mandatory Olympic program includes 6 men's exercises and 4 women's. Within the framework of the Russian Shooting Union, competitions are held in 46 exercises.

In official ISSF documents and results reports of international competitions, short names of exercises are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: “50 m Free Rifle. 3x40 shots”).

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. The letters indicate the type of weapon (VP - air rifle; MV - small-caliber rifle; AB - (military) standard large-caliber rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol; MP - small-caliber pistol; RP - large-caliber pistol (center fire revolver), and the numbers are the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification on bullet shooting.