Organization and conduct of a ski trip. The movement of ski tourists on the route What are the features of the movement of ski tourists

- 94.50 Kb

PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF SKI TRIPS

Introduction. Ski tourism 3

Main part. Preparing for a ski trip 3

Conducting a ski trip

Conclusion. 6

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the popularity and mass of ski tourism in our country has increased significantly.

Ski tourism is characterized by a constant complication of the routes traveled, which is associated with overcoming a large number of natural obstacles, as well as with an increase in the duration of the trip and its length. Another characteristic feature of modern winter tourism is the increase in the number of trips during the harshest times of the year - during the polar night, during the transitional autumn-winter or spring-summer periods.

The increasing complexity of travel, the expansion of its geography, combined with the continuous growth of mass travel, make the problem of ensuring safety in winter tourism extremely important and acute.

PREPARATION FOR A SKI TRIP

Before you go on a ski trip, you need to carefully prepare; you need serious and lengthy preparation.

First of all, you should start preparing for ski trips by strengthening your physical health and hardening your body. You also need special training that will develop resistance to prolonged exposure to cold, the ability to breathe cold air and not catch a cold.

When organizing a ski trip, you must choose a senior person - a group leader. He must be physically and technically prepared, as well as have the necessary organizational skills and authority.

It is necessary to study the upcoming route and outline tactics for its passage, taking into account familiarization with excursion sites, organization of a bivouac and places of rest stops.

When preparing for a hike, you should study its main geographical and climatic characteristics, which is necessary to develop a movement plan for the entire trip, as well as to determine the necessary equipment.

It is necessary to study the general terrain, elevation changes, the presence of steep and dangerous walls, characteristic valleys and gorges, passes, slopes, and plateaus.

It is imperative to know the characteristics of rivers and reservoirs, the likelihood of encountering non-freezing areas, gullies, and surface water.

You should also study the transport schedule, the presence and characteristics of settlements along the route (from the point of view of purchasing food, organizing overnight stays, recreation, medical care).

Before a hike, it is necessary to conduct pre-trip training for several months in order to improve athletic fitness and develop skills in overcoming natural obstacles. An auxiliary, but no less important goal of training is to unite the participants into a single team.

It is also necessary to select and prepare equipment. Rationally selected equipment is the technical basis for accident-free passage of the route, so its acquisition must be approached responsibly. The equipment must correspond to the conditions of the trip, i.e. take into account the climatic, geographical and technical features of the route, its duration and tactics. When preparing equipment, you should pay attention to reducing its weight as much as possible, while ensuring that all other requirements are met - ease of use, reliability, thermal insulation, etc.

Equipment includes: sleeping bags, tents, communication and alarm equipment, firearms, magnetic compass, watches, first aid kit, repair kit, equipment for bivouac work and cooking, fuel, food.

Special equipment includes: main and auxiliary ropes, climbing carabiners, ice axes (for overcoming steep slopes, passes with individual steep or sheer sections), crampons (for reliable passage of slopes with dense crust or with areas of exposed ice, as well as frozen steep slopes). streams and waterfalls), saw, ax (for logging work).

Each participant in the trip must have the skills to handle this equipment. Firearms must only be handled by one authorized participant.

Each participant's personal equipment must provide adequate insulation over the range of expected climatic conditions (temperature, wind and humidity), as well as be reliable, comfortable and, where possible, lightweight.

Skis must provide the ability to move in various terrain conditions. They should be wide, strong, reliable, not heavy. For ski tourism, not cross-country skis, but special touring skis are used. Skis should be wider than cross-country skis, shorter, the length of the tourist’s height or 5-10 cm longer.

Before going on a trip, you need to try out your skis on training runs.

Ski poles must be metal, the rings of ski poles must also be metal, since wooden and plastic ones cannot withstand stress and frost.

Clothing should be multi-layered to ensure the body's thermal balance in various weather and stress conditions. Clothing should not restrict movement.

It is necessary to provide windproof items, which at the same time must be water-repellent (made from nylon, bologna). For this purpose, use a storm suit, consisting of a jacket with a hood and trousers.

The undershirt should be made of woolen fabric; it limits heat transfer and absorbs sweat well.

The sweater should be tightly knitted, with a high tight collar and long sleeves.

To protect your head, you should have a woolen hat or a woolen balaclava.

The mittens should be light, tight and loose so that they do not tighten when gripping the ski pole.

Particular attention must be paid to the thermal insulation of the legs. Ski boots should be loose enough to allow you to wear one pair of plain socks and two pairs of wool socks. The top of the boot should cover the ankle and secure the ankle in a laced state. The insole in boots should be felt. To additionally insulate the feet and protect the boots from getting wet, shoe covers are used. Shoe covers must be made of strong, wear-resistant material, preferably from thick nylon, since snow does not stick to it. The contact points of the shoe cover with the fastening should be reinforced with overhead tapes or strips.

To protect the eyes from solar radiation, use regular tinted glasses.

When preparing for a hike, it is also necessary to develop a diet. At the same time, one must strive to reduce the weight of the diet without compromising the health and performance of the participants.

Before the hike, each participant must familiarize himself with the basic rules for ensuring safety on the route, study measures to prevent frostbite and burns, and master the simplest methods of first aid.

Immediately before starting the hike, you must check all your equipment.

It is necessary to check the condition of tents, sleeping bags, bivouac and cooking equipment, etc.

The skis need to be carefully inspected to see if there are any cracks, dangerous chips, or loose metal edges.

Food, stoves and fuel should be distributed among several participants so that the loss of part of the cargo does not put the group in a difficult situation.

Both during the preparatory period and during the route, each tourist must follow the instructions of the leader.

CONDUCTING THE TRIP

During the walking day, movement tactics are dictated by the terrain, meteorological conditions, the task assigned for the day, and the physical and moral state of the participants.

Passing technically difficult sections that require increased ski stability, acute perception of danger, and the use of special technical skills should be planned for the first half of the day or for the time immediately following a long rest. It is tactically incorrect to go through such sections at the end of the walking day, when tourists are tired, their attention has dulled, coordination of movements has deteriorated, and they are hurried by the approaching darkness.

In the spring months, it is safest to cross avalanche-prone areas in the early morning, when the snow is still frozen by the night frost and has not softened under the rays of the sun. If it takes several hours to travel from your overnight stay in a forest zone to an avalanche-prone area, leaving the bivouac should be planned for early morning or even after dark.

In all cases, where possible, it is recommended to stop in the middle of the day for a long (1.5-2.0 hour) rest with a hot lunch. This tactic ensures that tourists retain their strength to complete the second part of the daily trek without a noticeable decrease in ski stability and weakening of attention.

Daily walking time should, as a rule, not exceed 7-8 hours.

The mode of movement and rest should be uniform, with a reduction in the duration of transitions in the afternoon.

At the beginning of the movement, the leader must appoint a leader and a leader. The task of the guide is to choose the most rational path at a pace that is optimal for the entire group. A correctly chosen pace of movement should ensure that tourists retain their strength until the end of the walking day and keep the group in a compact formation. This facilitates mutual control of physical condition, mutual assistance and insurance when passing difficult sections, and eliminates the loss of participants in poor visibility conditions.

The pace of movement should be such as to prevent hypothermia or overheating of the body. The latter is dangerous for two reasons - there is an increased load on the cardiovascular system and excessive sweating; When wet, clothing loses a significant part of its thermal insulation properties, which leads to hypothermia.

In severe frosts, the pace of movement should be such that the frequency and depth of breathing does not increase significantly. This can lead to serious colds.

In all situations, the guide must go first, not allowing movement in front of him (overtaking) or on a parallel course. The guide constantly monitors those walking behind, “pulling” them into the optimal pace and not letting them go for a long distance.

The responsibilities of the leader include providing the stragglers with the necessary operational assistance. The leader must have a repair kit. A physically strong participant should be appointed to finish, since his movement is jerky and therefore exhausting. It is better to place less strong participants in the first half of the column. This will allow you to maintain the pace required by the entire group.

The hiking load should be evenly distributed among the participants, taking into account their physical strength and morale. The uniformity of the load must be maintained at all times by redistributing the load either at the bivouac or directly on the march.

Movement along the route must be organized in such a way as to ensure regular and prompt monitoring of the availability and physical condition of each participant. The group, as a rule, should move in a compact group, which not only ensures operational control and mutual assistance, but also draws it into a uniform pace of movement. This recommendation becomes a mandatory requirement when weather conditions worsen. Under any conditions, the group should gather together at periodic stops, which, as indicated, are done depending on the terrain and loads every 0.5-1.5 hours. This will allow control of the leader, who may fall behind with repair work. The optimal distance between participants on the ski track in good weather is considered to be 8-10, and in limited visibility 3-4 m. When descending from the slopes, the distance should be increased to 15-25 m, so that if the front participant suddenly falls or stops, the one behind him will have time to assess the situation and make a detour maneuver or stop.

Hikers can make radial excursions at partial load. In this case, the camp can remain in place. If you are planning a radial excursion with a return to base on the same day, you should take with you a small supply of food, a repair kit, a first aid kit and a minimum of equipment for an emergency overnight stay in case of unexpectedly changed weather.

If it is necessary to disperse the entire group around the area, for example, to collect firewood, the leader is obliged to release tourists only in groups of at least two people, explaining the task, the tactics of finding a way back, and setting a target date for return.

In case of poor visibility, snowfall, blizzard, or heavy drifting snow, it is necessary to prohibit movement separately from the group in any direction and with any tasks, unless required by an emergency situation.

When visibility decreases to 15-20 m, the pace of movement must be reduced and the distance between participants reduced so that all participants are visible in front and behind. If the weather seriously deteriorates (visibility drops to several meters, a significant and dangerous drop in temperature, strong headwind or half-headwind, thick fog), you must stop driving and wait out the bad weather.

Basic rules for ensuring safety when passing natural obstacles

The most common natural obstacles in winter tourism are:

snow-covered or bare slopes (when traversing or crossing them);

icefalls and ice on rivers and streams with a large angle of incidence (in valleys, gorges, canyons);

unfrozen rivers and streams at their intersection; forest debris (in places where they cannot be avoided, for example, in a canyon-shaped stream valley);

loose deep snow (in the taiga zone);

hummocky ice on winter-bound waters.

A sudden natural obstacle can become snow in any area of ​​terrain, if under the influence of the sun it softens and begins to stick to the skis. The same type of obstacles include blizzards, strong headwinds, and thick fog.

When deciding to overcome such obstacles, you need to very responsibly evaluate all the factors affecting the safety of the passage, and only then make a decision.

We recommend avoiding driving on slopes that, according to external signs, are or may be avalanche dangerous. If movement on such a slope is unavoidable, it is necessary to choose the safest routes possible. You should stay close to ridges, rocky outcrops, and accumulations of stones - they are a barrier to a possible avalanche. Before driving through an avalanche-prone area, you should stop and calmly assess the situation.

The most dangerous areas are considered to be areas of slopes in the area of ​​passes, where large areas of snow are not restrained by rocky outcrops and large stones, and avalanche flows descend from slopes of different exposures into one avalanche collection area. Avalanche danger is also posed by areas of the terrain (the bottom of gorges, canyons, narrow valleys) where avalanches can roll from the slopes. In some cases, even completely “reliable” areas - forested slopes, mountain roads - become avalanche dangerous. The path can be avalanche dangerous due to the invisible slope located above the bend.

Brief description

In recent years, the popularity and mass of ski tourism in our country has increased significantly.
Ski tourism is characterized by a constant complication of the routes traveled, which is associated with overcoming a large number of natural obstacles, as well as with an increase in the duration of the trip and its length. Another characteristic feature of modern winter tourism is the increase in the number of trips during the harshest times of the year - during the polar night, during the transitional autumn-winter or spring-summer periods.

Staying in clean, frosty air and vigorous physical exercise are useful for hardening and healing the body. Pictures of winter nature - snow-covered thickets, peace and whiteness of fields - have a beneficial effect on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Ski trips are much more difficult to organize; they require special equipment and knowledge of skiing techniques in various conditions. The heavy weight of the backpack, low temperatures, and wind on frosty days require participants to be more physically prepared and hardened. The basic rules of hiking and mountain hiking also apply to ski tourism, but there are some peculiarities here.

During ski trips, you should remember the need to match the loads to the physical fitness and age of the participants.

For students in grades V-VI, one-day and two-day hikes are allowed with a total kilometer in the first case of up to 12-15 km, and in the second up to 25 km at a travel speed of 3-4 km per hour with a load of up to 5 kg. Exit to the route is allowed at temperatures not lower than 10° without wind.

Students of grades VII-VIII can make one-day, two-day and multi-day (up to 8 days) hikes with a daily trek of up to 18 km and with a load of no more than 8 kg for girls and 12 kg for boys at temperatures up to -12° without wind.

Students of grades IX-X are allowed one-day, two-day and multi-day hikes of up to 8-10 days with a day trip of up to 20 km with a load of 8-10 kg for girls and up to 14-16 kg for boys at an air temperature of up to -15° without wind.

The daily trek for adult tourists is 25-30 km per day. A trained group can complete such a transition without much effort, but without regular training, especially on multi-day hikes, such a path is difficult to complete.

When organizing trips with schoolchildren, it is not allowed to plan overnight stays in the field. For adult beginners, organizing such an overnight stay is also undesirable.

Multi-day hikes are allowed only after several trial one-day or two-day hikes. During training trial trips, the technique of movement is worked out, first without a load, and then with a traveling load. The plans for the last training trips must include day hikes equal to the largest section of the day's hike according to the multi-day hike plan.

The most efficient group composition is 10-12 people. When moving, it stretches less and is within sight; for such a group it is easier to find a suitable place or room for the night. When selecting groups for travel for any type of tourism, it is desirable that the participants be equal in physical and technical fitness, but for a ski trip this is necessary. Otherwise, while waiting for those lagging behind, strong tourists may suffer from the frost. The leader of the children's group, as a rule, is a teacher who has experience in participating in winter hikes; For a multi-day hike, the leader is approved by the department of public education. The leader of a group of adult ski tourists must be a ski tourism instructor.

First, about the features. Peculiarities is a set of indicators that distinguishes one concept or field of activity from another concept or field.

What will this lecture be about? Yes, in principle, this is what we will talk about. About how ski tourism, intersecting in many ways with other types of tourism or ways of active pastime, is in turn unique and for more than half a century has been forcing people of different ages and social backgrounds to leave their stuffy city apartments and go into nature to breathe deeply in the present life and adventures.

The thoughts below will not be unique to ski tourism, since difficulties, cold, danger, the feeling of a friend’s shoulder and much more are found in one way or another in any type of tourism. However, anyone who has been on a ski trip will certainly agree with everything that will be said and will clearly define the subject being discussed as SKI TOURISM.

As a result of the lecture, the ski school student will learn a huge amount of wisdom and subtle points that sometimes become obvious only when you come across them face to face. However, knowledge about possible behavior in a given situation can greatly simplify the life of a novice tourist and help to get a full range of emotions from a ski trip.

Factors that determine the characteristics of ski tourism

Let us first define those factors from which, in turn, almost all the distinctive features of ski tourism arise.

First factor, which is quite obvious when mentioning ski tourism, is SKIS. In more literate language, the first factor is the method of transportation on a ski trip, namely, traveling on skis.

Having skis on your feet for more than half the time leaves its mark on everything:

• a unique load on different muscle groups when moving;
• a way to overcome dangerous and difficult sections of the route;
• choosing a route across plains, forests, ice and rough terrain;
• the order of movement of the group on the route;
• and much more.

It should also be noted that sometimes the breakdown or loss of a ski by one of the participants led to the premature departure of the whole group from the route.

Second factor associated with the time of year in which the ski trip takes place. This WINTER. Winter for a ski tourist does not coincide with the calendar winter. You can go on ski trips on the territory of our vast Motherland from late autumn (November) to spring (April). Winter is the harshest time of the year, to which humans are by nature poorly adapted. Winter means snow, cold, blizzards, avalanches and other other signs that characterize this time of year and give rise to a whole bunch of nuances that need to be known and taken into account during the hike.

It should be noted that the lecture on features will include a large amount of material from all previous lectures, so some points will be given without explanation.

Features of the preparation stage for a ski trip

Ski tourism, like any other tourism, is a team sport, but it is in a ski trip that the sense of team and the need to live and work as a single organism for a long time are felt especially acutely. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account every little detail at the preparatory stage, prepare not only equipment and food, but also train your physical and technical readiness, as well as moral and volitional qualities. A neglectful attitude at the preparation stage for any of the above directions will inevitably reduce the safety margin of the group, which will most likely lead to an accident on the route. Technical aspects will not be discussed separately in this lecture, since they were discussed a lot in previous lectures.

Planning your route and day's journey

What should you pay special attention to when planning your route?

• Route autonomy
• Short daylight hours
• Ice conditions in the area
• Availability of winter roads and communications
• The need for days off
• On a hike, as a rule, overnight stays are not planned based on the presence of nearby rivers or lakes. In winter there is water everywhere, I don’t want to swamp. The main thing is that there is firewood. However, already on the route they try to get water rather than melt the snow, since there is no need to waste precious time and energy on kindling the snow.
• On a ski trip, the division of overnight stays into “in the forest zone” and “outside the forest zone” is more common. The forest means saving fuel and the MAIN THING is having dinner and going to bed in a warm place, and “outside the forest zone” means the need to protect the tent from the wind, as well as the lack of heat in the evening (unless firewood is specially hauled in).
• The difficulty of an unplanned departure from the route of one or more participants (one tent for everyone, the need to trace the ski track to people, the need to eat hot food)

Physical training

• Endurance training

Since ski trips take place during the harshest and coldest time of the year - winter, in order to survive and not freeze, a person needs to constantly work. There is no such free summer sunshine when you can just lie down on the foam and sunbathe to your heart’s content. On a ski trip, warmth must be obtained and maintained.

To obtain heat, you must either work (which consumes energy) or rest in a tent. At the same time, energy is gained, but in order to put up a tent you must first make a fair amount of effort. The more resilient a tourist is, the more likely he will be able to maintain strength during the day and recover better at night.

• Cold tolerance training

You cannot train your body to be insensitive to cold, but you can significantly help not to be afraid of cold and to tolerate it more easily by systematically hardening yourself before going on a hike. There are situations when the ambient temperature may not rise above zero for several weeks (tundra hikes), where all the cold endurance of the body is needed.

If you want to be healthy, toughen up. You need to start small, first a contrast shower, then gradually increase the time under cold water. Then rubbing with snow, dousing in a spring and finally swimming in an ice hole, winter swimming. All this must be done wisely. After hardening procedures - heat.

Moral and volitional qualities

Moral and volitional qualities can be placed on the same level, or maybe higher, than the physical training of the participant. When going on a ski trip, you should:

• Be prepared to live for a long time in low temperatures (especially critical in tundra areas).
• Rely only on the strength of the team due to greater autonomy
• Be prepared to be in a closed group for several weeks, or even a month. During the entire trip, the entire crew lives and spends more than a third of the time within a confined space - a tent (where you go from a submarine).
• Be able to endure and endure all the difficulties of a ski trip, trying to enjoy it and not lose heart under any circumstances.
• Try to avoid interpersonal conflicts, it’s better to give in - all the showdowns after the hike.

Theoretical preparation

As in any business, you can’t go without theory. When going on a hike, you must be theoretically savvy in order to know what to do in a given situation. Try to learn not only from your own, but also from others’ mistakes.

Preparing equipment

• Prepare your equipment conscientiously, as its breakdown can be a very unpleasant and dangerous occurrence. Repairing anything in the cold, especially outside a tent, is extremely difficult and unpleasant.

Tips for a repairman: do not touch metal with bare hands in the cold, have thin fleece or wool gloves with you.

There is little time to repair personal equipment, since you only want to do it in a tent, and in the evening there is usually a lot of work to do in the tent and the actual repair work only comes after the general lights out (extremely dreary).

Historical information: earlier, when tents were made from tarpaulin, very often it weighed up to 30 kg frozen, and one person was completely unloaded just to carry one tent.

• Unlike mountain hiking, backpacks for ski trips are usually larger. This is due to the fact that on a ski trip there are more warm clothes compared to mountain ones, and the principle of operation of warm clothes is to create an air gap between the body and the street. Consequently, all sentipon jackets/pants/sleeping bags take up a lot of space.

• Down is not used in ski trips, since when damp it subsequently freezes and loses all its cold-insulating properties. It is also much more difficult to dry in winter. Sentipon can heat even when wet, since its fibers do not lose their structure.

• On ski trips, you usually don’t take expensive membrane and other high-tech things, but something cheap from what is no longer needed or self-made items. This is due to the fact that very often, from the sparks of a fire, things acquire a holey structure, which, given its high cost, is not very pleasant.

• They try to take group sleeping bags so that they weigh less and warm better.

• The main requirements for things are to be warm and windproof. Water resistance is not taken into account much, since things cannot get wet from precipitation. Although there are thaws and on ski trips you can sometimes get caught in the rain.

• They try to protect all parts of the body from frost (since frost does not spare either the hands or the face).

When dividing the total weight by person, the fact that many things are constantly in a frozen state (container, tent) is taken into account, and the corresponding wetness coefficient is added to them.

Preparing food

Low temperatures make it possible to take food with you on ski trips, which in the summer can spoil within a few days. After all, in winter you spend the entire trip in a permanent high-quality refrigerator, where not only sanitary products, but also hot-water products do not spoil. Compared to mountain hiking, in winter they take more fat-containing foods (lard).

Tips for the caretaker:

• It’s hard to divide a loaf of sausage into portions in the cold according to the number of participants - a ruler scratched in advance with a knife on the side of the duty board helps.
• Onions and garlic freeze.
• Lemon freezes - instead of lemon, use a mixture of lemon + honey + alcohol.
• Instead of dried meat - pimekan, homemade stew

Alcohol also works well in winter, thereby occupying a rather important place in the daily diet of any tourist – skier.

General organization of the trip

In the general organization of the hike, you can also highlight its own distinctive points, which are mainly associated with the presence of cold and the strong dependence of the physical complexity of the hike on the amount of snow for a given year, the more - the more difficult.

Transfer to the route

Drop-off means a way to get from the train/plane to the beginning of the route. At this point, let’s draw an analogy with mountain hiking.

Having arrived in the mountains to go on a mountain hike, we very rarely immediately begin the route. What is this connected with? With the fact that airports and railways, as a rule, are not located directly in the mountains, but are located far in the foothills, which are associated with natural reasons (climate, development of communications, ease of laying tracks). Therefore, to start a mountain hike, you must first get to the mountains.

What's on a ski trip? In ski trips, as a rule, the presence of high difficult mountains is not necessary, so very often the hike begins right from the place where you get off the train (Khibiny, Kandalaksha).

If the use of transport for delivery to the area is inevitable, there are also many nuances. It is not always the case that where equipment can pass in winter, it will pass in summer and vice versa. In winter, reservoirs freeze, allowing you to significantly shorten the route to the crossing, but the lack of winter roads and the presence of large amounts of snow usually make the transfer on ski trips more unpredictable.

First days, beginning of the route

You should have been told about dividing the trip into three parts at a lecture on ski tourism techniques and tactics. What are the features here? The beginning of a hike is usually marked by the fact that a person wants to drink a lot, but doesn’t want to eat much yet, hence the peculiarities of the layout. This is due to the body’s adaptation to conditions of heavy physical exertion, when there is active sweating.

Here comes a very important tool - a lifesaver on a ski trip - a sled. The possibility of their use is due to the presence of a plentiful amount of snow, on which sleds made from a banner or tezy roll like clockwork, lightening the backpack by 10 kilograms.

Main part of the route

The body has already come to terms with the need to work to its fullest every day. He already needs less water, since he sweats less, but his internal energy reserves are coming to an end and his stomach constantly requires more. As a rule, the most technically difficult sections of the route are passed at this time.

Going out in public, the train, adapting to home

As a rule, ski trips take place in areas of our country that are little affected by civilization, so local aborigines always single out tourists who have just returned from a hike from the crowd. What do they look like? - They walk in a crowd, behave like Chinese tourists in our metro; - they smell like a fire, they are all dressed in down jackets and synthetic padding pants, and under no circumstances want to part with them, even indoors. The body is constantly ready to repel the new pressure of the elements. - They have a characteristic tan on their face; - you can meet them in places where you can have a hearty meal and drink beer. They often come to such places and sit there for a long time. - If they don’t eat in coffee shops, they definitely sharpen something on the go. - they are passionately eager to wash themselves.

Parts of the body steamed in the bath begin to ache very much, the body relaxes. Immediately the previous walking day is remembered as a terrible dream of inhuman resistance to difficulties.

At home, as a rule, for the first two weeks tourists want to just loiter, trying to quickly digest all the food eaten in enormous quantities to make room for a new portion. The main thing is not to upset your stomach. Don't rush at food like an animal. There is still a characteristic tan on the face, the skin on the face is peeling.

A typical hiking day “under the microscope”

In order to better describe what a tourist skier experiences on a ski trip, we will look at an ordinary skiing day under a microscope.

The day starts with getting up. Let’s say it’s already light at 7.30, which means that by 7.30 the whole team should already be on the ski track. The commander schedules the duty officer to rise at 5.00, the general rise at 6.00. Overnight with a stove in the forest area.

05:00 – rise of duty officers

Thoughts out loud: “The alarm clock didn’t freeze overnight, what a bastard. I have to get up."

Only the utmost concentration of willpower forces the duty officer to get out of the sleeping bag. During the night the heated tent completely cooled down. The only thing that saves us is the lack of wind. In the dark, you frantically try to find all your things so that you can get dressed in full. Very cold. In the evening you need to think about how you will dress and get out of the tent.

So within 5-10 minutes you put it on, balancing on one leg, at the same time being afraid to step on sleeping friends, fall on the stove and touch the tent canopy. If you know that it will take you a long time to get dressed, set your alarm clock 5-10 minutes earlier. The entire canopy is covered with an even thick layer of frost, any contact with it is very disgusting.

Let's consider the option of being on duty one at a time (two at a time is the same, but easier and more fun).

The first step is to light the stove. Sequence of actions:

• find matches, plexiglass (plexiglass) prepared the night before
• find a pile of wood chips and thin logs prepared the night before, lying next to the stove.
• Fold into a neat pyramid in the oven.
• set fire to the plex, slip it under the pyramid (if it doesn’t fall apart) and start waiting for the wood chips to flare up, meanwhile preparing new firewood.
• Gradually increase the size of the added firewood. Until the stove warms up and a draft appears, you will have to breathe smoke from the stove.

The stove is burning, it’s already about 5:15, it’s time to run outside, because at 6:00 there is a general rise.

At this moment, chuni help significantly. If you climb into shoe covers, your feet will be very warm and comfortable outside, otherwise there is a danger of frostbitten toes.

Outside there is space. It's cold, there's an ominous silence. Branches and firewood should be prepared in the evening. If possible, cooking only on branches will greatly speed up the process. If not, then using finely chopped firewood, the smaller the firewood, the faster it burns and the more heat it produces.

If the hike takes place in a snowy area, then the fire is lit on a fire net. For another five minutes you make fire on the street. Here, the fire is burning, there seems to be a supply of firewood. You move the canas onto the fire. It is necessary to heat the water with candles, as this significantly speeds up cooking in the morning. You look at the tent, the stove is already going out - you run there and throw in a new portion of firewood. You return to the street, throw more branches into the fire, it burns. Now it's time to go to the toilet.

As soon as the water has melted, pour in the ingredients for the porridge and, stirring continuously, continue making shuttle runs to the nearest tree for branches and back.

The water has become warm - you scoop a mug of water from the can and begin to dilute the powdered milk.

5:40 – 5:45 the water should already boil and begin to cook.

6:00 General rise of the team An act of mass demonstration of extreme concentration of willpower. If the general rise is not scheduled at a certain time, then wake up 20 minutes before the food is ready, so that everyone has time to wake up, get ready and get hungry. By the time the team rises, the tent should already be heated by the stove.

The attendant periodically looks into the tent and says the following phrases in different sequences: “Get up, breakfast is ready!”, “Prepare a place for the cannes!”, “I’ve heated the tent, let’s get up!”. If the person on duty actually heated the tent conscientiously, then getting up is quite pleasant. At the moment when the temperature in the tent crosses zero, drops begin to fall from the canopy. If this moment happens while everyone is still sleeping, then you just need to hide under the condenser so as not to drip on your face.

When I woke up, the first thing I did was put away my sleeping bag so it wouldn’t drip on it. Everyone needs to get up at once. There is no need to lie in your sleeping bag and wait for your neighbor to get ready and get dressed. There is not much space, but there is enough for everyone. Everyone occupies his own sector - his personal space in the tent and calmly dresses.

It happens that you get out of your sleeping bag and have no strength at all, haven’t woken up yet - you need to force yourself to do something, slowly pull on your socks, tape up calluses, put on a polar jacket, etc., and then you’ll get better little by little.

You need to put on your clothes right away and throw warm clothes on top if it’s cold. When the attendants bring the kanas, all the sleeping bags should be removed and everyone should sit cheerfully and bang their spoons on their bowls.

If you are ready, but the food has not yet been brought, then you can dry your sleeping bag or air conditioner a little by the stove. Until the person on duty brings the kana, it is necessary to lay out a stand for the kana from the logs near the stove on the floor.

By the time the duty officer arrives, any fiddling around in the tent should stop, the sleeping bags should be collected and everyone should be in their places.

The leader monitors the process of food absorption and suppresses the urge of team members to prolong this action for a long time, appealing to the participant’s sense of responsibility and team cohesion.

Everyone ate. During meals, the attendant sits at the entrance, throwing wood into the stove. The command is coming, don’t put any more wood in the stove, everyone goes outside. The training camp begins. The attendant goes outside and heats some water to wash the porridge off the kan or washes it with the remains of tea.

If you are planning a cold lunch, then you need to pour tea into a thermos. You can do this in two ways:

• tea is poured into a thermos with candles. In the morning they drink it at breakfast, part of the morning tea from the cans is poured into a thermos, and the rest is drunk.
• A lot of tea is prepared in the morning so that there is enough for breakfast and for a thermos.

You need to quickly get ready and get out of the tent. The sequence is as follows:

• Change into casual clothes;
• Put on boots/shoe covers, pre-heating the boots by the stove, if possible
• Collect all your belongings around the tent;
• Get out into the street;

Get ready yourself - help a friend! You are personally interested in everyone getting together as quickly as possible.

Before lunch, the group usually makes 4-5 treks. The transition is 45-50 minutes of walking time. The first one lays a ski track, this is called a trail. Tracking is hard physical work, which is why some people go on ski trips. There are many ways to trail, but usually it all comes down to the following: the first one trails until he feels tired and the others catch up with him. Having finished trailing, he goes to the side and stands at the end of the advanced group of trailers.

During the transition, watch yourself and your comrades. Avoid frostbite. Help the girls - pull them out of the snowdrifts, help them put on their backpacks.

The halt usually takes 10-15 minutes. At a halt you need to warm yourself up - put on a jacket and self-reset. Even if we only have 5 minutes left to sit, we still don’t be lazy and warm ourselves up. It's easy to catch a cold when you're hot in the cold. At the rest stop, small snacks are sometimes arranged.

Lunches are divided into “cold” and “hot”

• “Cold” lunch - tea from a thermos, a piece of sausage / lard / meat, crackers, chocolate
• "Hot" lunch - CAMPFIRE, tea, soup, a piece of sausage / lard / meat, crackers, chocolate

The advantages of hot lunches are obvious!!

• hot food - energy and mood to continue the day;
• a fire is an opportunity to dry some things, repair equipment, and for the commander to think;

While preparing lunch, those who wish can go down the ski track, so virtually no time is wasted.

A “hot” lunch should take no more than 1 hour 30 minutes. A necessary condition for a hot lunch is the presence of good wood! Try to cook on the branches!

A cold lunch usually does not last more than 20-30 minutes - the cold drives you on.

After lunch, the group makes 3-4 treks to the overnight location. Criteria for choosing a place to spend the night: First of all, safe. Firewood, level ground, water if possible, protected from the wind..

I arrived at the parking lot, without throwing off my backpack, and stomped around the tent site. Then I took off my backpack, warmed myself up, rested for a couple of minutes and started working.

Working in a bivouac is sometimes more exhausting than a day at sea. You are tired, you reached the place where you spend the night with all your strength. It would seem that this is happiness, but no, you still need to earn it! It is necessary to prepare firewood for the evening and morning, for the stove, put up a tent, etc.

If the group is far behind schedule, then perhaps a couple of strong participants will trail the ski track the next day, while the rest are engaged in bivouac work

And when everything is ready, the tent is properly set up, the man on duty is provided with firewood for the evening and morning, you can retire to the tent with a clear conscience for a well-deserved rest.

Hygiene is important!! Don’t forget to wash your face, brush your teeth, wipe yourself with snow. Wash your feet with snow.

Conclusion

Let's remember the basic rules of ski tourism.

1. Don't be lazy

2. Listen to the commander

3. Don't listen to idiots

4. Don't eat yellow snow

Another rule of ski tourism, it seems to me, is from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. Often, a hike brings together participants with different physical levels. and moral and volitional preparation, especially for beginners. The task of each participant is to give all their strength and do everything possible to ensure that the route is completed, the hike takes place and everyone is happy and satisfied. Some people have more of these forces, and some have less. Some are ready to live in harsh winter conditions, while others are not so ready. Petya can walk without stopping, and Vasya will walk for 5 minutes and move away, but both Petya and Vasya do everything they can to achieve a common goal. The strong help the weak. Don't forget that you are a team and working to achieve the same goal.

Climbing into the tent tired in the evening, you should be warmed by the thought that you worked well that day and did everything you could (tread the ski track, helped the girls get out of the snowdrifts and put on their backpacks, helped the duty officers, felled dry land, prepared firewood and much more) and this fatigue will seem pleasant to you.

Only on a ski trip you can

• admire the beauty of the northern lights
• ...visit the kingdom of the Snow Queen
• ... overcome the elements
• ...find someone who truly shares your passion for winter, adventure and great company

Most of the territory of our country is covered with snow for a long period, and the snow cover lasts for several months. It is no coincidence that ski tourism today is not inferior to pedestrian tourism in terms of mass and accessibility. In addition, skiing makes it possible to get to places that are difficult to reach in summer. Skiing in natural conditions gives an unforgettable experience. During winter hikes, ski tourists acquire the skills to operate in harsh climatic conditions, overcome difficult obstacles and endure great physical exertion.

Taking part in a multi-day ski trip in difficult winter conditions requires serious and lengthy preparation. It is necessary to work out certain elements of the route, organizing a halt, spending the night, and overcoming various obstacles. It is necessary to carry out such training, moving from simple to complex, gradually accumulating experience and skills of camping life in winter conditions. Preparation for ski trips should take into account the main dangerous factors. These are, first of all, short daylight hours, low air temperatures, strong winds, and deep snow.

However, you should start preparing for ski trips by strengthening your physical health and hardening your body. You learned about this in 5th grade. To prepare for a ski trip, you also need special training that will develop resistance to prolonged exposure to cold, the ability to breathe cold air and not catch a cold. In addition, it is necessary to acquire the skills of long-term skiing, master the technique of ascents, descents, and turns.

All this can be achieved through systematic ski training, which is carried out during physical education lessons, and independently during extracurricular hours. Measured skiing will help improve your health, develop endurance and harden your body. Permanent ski

Skier's clothing and footwear

The clothes and shoes of a tourist skier should be warm, light, preferably waterproof, not restrict movement, and protected from the wind. The undershirt must be made of woolen fabric. Fitting tightly to the body, it limits heat transfer and absorbs sweat well. Damp wool retains heat better than others.

Sweater should be tightly knitted, with a high tight collar and long sleeves. It provides protection from the cold in severe frost and wind.

Storm suit, consisting of a jacket with a hood and trousers, serves as protection from the wind. A storm jacket (storm jacket) should be a palm above the knees, very loose in the shoulders and armpits.

Mittens should be light, dense and loose so that they do not stretch when grasping a ski pole. A woolen hat or woolen balaclava is also required, and in strong winds, a fabric mask.

Ski boots should be so loose that you can wear one pair of plain socks and two pairs of wool socks. The insole in boots should be felt. As you remember, shoe covers can be used on ski trips to protect ski boots from snow and moisture. Shoe covers are made from tent fabric. The simplest design of shoe covers for a ski trip is a bag 45-50 cm long and 30-35 cm wide.

Skis should provide the ability for tourists to travel in different terrain conditions. They should be wide, strong, reliable, and light. For ski tourism, not cross-country skis, but special tourist skis are used. These skis have a larger supporting surface and are 1-2 cm wider than cross-country skis. Touring skis are shorter than cross-country skis (their length is only 5-10 cm greater than the height of a tourist).

The composition of group and individual tourist equipment depends on the specific travel conditions. Thus, group equipment may include camping stoves, multi-sleeping bags, fuel (gasoline, dry alcohol, etc.), primus stoves.

Organization of movement on a ski trip

The mode of movement on a ski trip is determined by the nature of the terrain, weather conditions and the level of physical fitness of the participants in the trip. Thus, a group of average fitness level (with experience in skiing) moves at a speed of up to 4 km/h; in a day it can cover 20-25 km. A group of beginners taking part in a hike for the first time moves at an average speed of 3 km/h and can cover 15-18 km in a day. The daily running time should not exceed 7 hours.

On a ski trip, tourists move along a ready-made ski track or on virgin soil.

The first to go on the ski track is the tourist who knows how to maintain the given pace evenly. The optimal distance between skiers in good weather is 8-10 m, with limited visibility no more than 4 m.

In cases where the ski track is re-laid, the strongest tourists walk at the head of the column and follow the ski track, constantly changing.

When moving in the forest, it is necessary to frequently check the direction of movement of the group using a compass. This is done by one of the trailing ones, taking the direction of the skier going first as the line of movement.

When driving through a swamp, lake, river, or stream, special care should be taken. The most dangerous place on a river is the coastal edge, and on a lake - the places where rivers flow or flow: the ice cover in this place can be thin. When driving along an unfamiliar body of water, you should stick to the paths laid by pedestrians.

Sources

http://xn----7sbbfb7a7aej.xn--p1ai/obzh_06/obzh_materialy_zanytii_06.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?t=5&v=_8w2nTWJloE

http://xn--24-6kct3an.xn--p1ai/%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%96_6_

If you are going to ski trip, then remember that snow and low air temperatures await you. Therefore, the equipment should provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia

Preparing for a ski trip

Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of felt boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for kitchen and campfire work at a rest stop, and also as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be designed for the largest foot in the group.

Have a set of ski waxes, paraffin for all types of winter weather (including thaw), plugs for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you.

For more complex ski trips, you will need a special (double-layer) tent and a portable stove.

Before going on a hike, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, and shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route goes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then saturate your tent and clothes with repellents.

The shoes are soaked in grease and, if necessary, stretched over the leg. To do this, the boots need to be kept in hot water (50-55 degrees) for ten minutes. Having taken the boots out of the water, insert insoles into them and put them on your feet while hot (with one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking around in the boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and lubricated. Shoes are impregnated with slight heating.

For a ski trip, tourists must have the following:

Personal equipment:

Insulated padding polyester jacket (2 or 3 layers)

Trousers (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants.

Ski cap

Balaclava

Sweater (wool, polar)

Turtleneck or vest (woolen) – 2 pcs.

Thermal underwear

Hiking boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soaked in cream)

Woolen and cotton socks, 3-4 pairs each.

Windproof mask, handkerchief.

Ski boots with felt insoles inside. Two sizes larger than regular shoes.

"Flashlights" to protect boots.

Gloves, mittens.

Thermos 0.5-1 liter.

Toiletries.

Bowl, spoon, mug (see “Cutware for camping”).

Skis, poles.

Backpack, sleeping bag (Extreme temperature down to minus 20-30 degrees).

Personal repair kit (needles, threads).

Electric flashlight

Group equipment:

Special tent

Lightweight portable stove

Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pans), ladle, rope

Ropes, candles, matches (in sealed packaging), dry fuel.

Keep repair kits in stock to repair breakdowns!

Daily routine, movement specifics

A skier's daily routine on a hike depends on the length of daylight, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (unlike hiking). At low temperatures, it is recommended to go out on the route no earlier than 9-10 a.m., and also to reduce short rests.

When moving on a finished ski track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And along the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes wet from sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the ski tracks.

There are several options for laying ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to select a team of strong tourists to track the ski tracks. Or organize alternate movement. While one group is resting, the other is laying a ski track. And then the rested tourists overtake their comrades, and they stop to rest.

In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate tracking without backpacks is used. And having broken through the ski track, the tourist lets the group pass, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades.

The order of movement on the ski slope must ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader.

Please remember that descents should be carried out only in places where there is a complete guarantee of avalanche safety.

A special feature of the ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made ski track or sled road. You can move along clearings, open forests and river beds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.

Attention! Avalanche danger and thin ice.

In winter, avalanche danger increases. Do not plan to cross concave landforms such as snow craters, avalanche chutes, under ridges with overhanging cornices and where there is a lot of snow in an unstable condition.

It is also prohibited to start moving through an avalanche-prone area during sudden warming or cold weather, a drop in pressure, during and in the first two days after a snowfall, blizzard, or rain.

Avoid crossing the slope and its longitudinal depressions. Move as fast as possible in the rockfall zone. Stay safe in the most dangerous areas. Do not make sharp turns or falls.

Also stay away from areas on bodies of water with thin ice, where running water flows in or out of a lake or river. Conduct a reconnaissance of an unknown body of water and determine its reliability for group movement by hitting the ice with sticks.

Meals on a ski trip.

Tourists spend more calories on ski trips than on foot. Since low temperatures, strong winds, snow and overcoming obstacles require a lot of strength and energy from the skier. Therefore, the diet of a ski tourist should be high-calorie; the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a variety of foods, their vitamin content and the possibility of consuming some foods without cooking are especially important. The products should replenish the tourist’s energy costs from 3500 to 6000 kcal, depending on the complexity of the hike.

Where can you go skiing in winter?

In the Southern Urals, winter hikes to Taganay and Iremel, Zyuratkul and the Beloretsk region are especially loved by ski tourists.