Muscle weakness: causes, symptoms, treatment, signs. Muscle weakness in the legs and arms causes treatment Weakness of the muscles of the masticatory legs and arms

Muscle weakness is a common complaint, but the word "weakness" itself has a fairly wide range of meanings, including fatigue, decreased stamina, or complete inability to function. The range of possible causes of muscle weakness is even wider.

What is muscle weakness?

The term "muscle weakness" can be used to describe several different things.

Primary or true muscle weakness

It manifests itself in the inability to do with the muscles what a person wanted. Even if such actions are not performed for the first time, but a trained person is trying to perform them. There is a decrease in the strength that the muscles need, but there is none. The muscle is not working properly and has become abnormal.

This type of muscle weakness can result from a stroke, and it can also occur with muscular dystrophy. In both cases, weakened muscles cannot perform the usual load, and changes occur in muscle strength.

Muscle fatigue

It is sometimes called asthenia. This is the feeling of tiredness or exhaustion that you experience. The muscles don't actually become weaker; they still function, but you'll need more effort to perform the actions. This type of weakness is observed in those who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, depression, chronic heart, lung and kidney diseases. Muscle fatigue may be due to the fact that the muscles do not receive enough energy.

Muscle fatigue

Muscle fatigue is when a muscle begins to function normally, but very quickly loses this ability, and recovery takes much longer than usual. “Fatigue” of muscles is often combined with muscle fatigue, especially if a person suffers from myasthenia gravis or myotonic dystrophy.

Common Causes of Muscle Weakness

Deterioration in physical condition/inactive (sedentary) lifestyle

Lack of physical activity is one of the most common causes of muscle weakness. If the muscles are not used, the fibers in the muscles are partially replaced by fat. Muscle atrophy eventually occurs: the muscles become less stocky and more flexible. Each fiber remains strong, but loses its ability to contract effectively.

You may feel your muscles becoming flabby and shrinking in size. This leads to mild fatigue when you try to do something, such as gardening or housework. If your muscles were trained, everything would be much easier for you. This condition is reversible but requires regular exercise. This becomes especially relevant with age.

Peak muscle development occurs between the ages of 20 and 30. It is in this age range that the greatest number of great athletes can be found. However, you can maintain muscle tone through regular exercise at any age. Many successful long-distance runners are over 40 years old and have trained their muscles to handle the long, extended periods of exercise that a marathon requires.

No matter what age you decide to improve your fitness, choose a reasonable exercise regimen and consult your doctor before starting. At the initial stage of training, you also need advice from trainers to prevent muscle injuries from too intense exercise.

Aging

As we age, our muscles lose strength and become weaker. Even though most people accept this as a natural consequence of age, they still sometimes feel frustrated when they are unable to do the things they were able to do when they were younger. However, even in old age, physical exercise can maintain and even increase muscle strength, with careful organization and safety of training.

As we age, it takes much longer to recover from injuries, as bones become thinner and break more easily. So monitoring the safety of physical exercise at an advanced age is of great importance.

Infections

Infections and diseases are among the most common causes of temporary muscle fatigue. The most vulnerable muscles are the thigh muscles. They can become inflamed during complications from the flu, and muscle weakness in this case can last for quite a long time.

Muscle weakness can also be caused by chronic fatigue syndrome or any illness characterized by high fever and muscle inflammation. However, there are a number of medical conditions that pose the highest risk of muscle weakness. These include: influenza, glandular fever virus, HIV, Lyme disease and hepatitis C.

Less common diseases that can cause muscle weakness are tuberculosis, malaria, syphilis, and polio.

Pregnancy

During and immediately after pregnancy, high levels of steroids in the blood, as well as a lack of adequate iron (anemia) can cause a feeling of muscle fatigue. During pregnancy, you should be especially careful when exercising, as the woman has to carry quite a lot of weight. This can lead to lower back pain if you do not adapt to the changed condition and carefully monitor your posture.

Permanent (chronic) diseases

Many chronic diseases often cause muscle weakness. In some cases, this is due to a reduction in blood and nutrients needed by the muscles.

Peripheral vascular diseases: Caused by narrowing of the arteries, usually due to increased cholesterol levels. Causes may include smoking or poor diet. Blood flow to the muscles slows down, and this becomes especially noticeable during physical activity that a person can no longer cope with. Sometimes pain may appear instead of weakness, but muscle weakness can also become a problem.

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Diabetes. High blood sugar levels (and sometimes changes in salt levels) negatively affect the ability of muscles to perform their functions well. As diabetes progresses, the blood supply to the nerves is also impeded. The muscle fiber nerves lose sensitivity and the muscle fiber stops working. People with diabetes also have an increased tendency for their arteries to narrow.

Cardiovascular diseases, in particular, heart failure can lead to rapid muscle fatigue by reducing blood supply during physical activity. The heart is unable to provide the required amount of blood to the muscles, which results in muscle weakness.

Chronic lung diseases: Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause the body's ability to absorb oxygen to decrease. Muscles require a rapid supply of oxygen from the blood, especially during physical activity. Decreased oxygen consumption leads to mild fatigue. Over time, chronic lung disease can lead to muscle wasting, although this is mostly common in very severe cases when oxygen levels in the blood begin to drop.

Chronic kidney disease affects the entire body environment through salt imbalances in the body and through changes in calcium and vitamin D levels. Kidney disease also causes concentrations of toxic substances (toxins) in the blood because the kidneys are unable to process these toxins in a timely manner. All of this can lead to true muscle weakness as well as muscle fatigue.

Anemia(lack of red blood cells). It has many causes, including poor nutrition, blood loss, pregnancy, genetic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. Anemia also reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the muscles. Anemia develops rather slowly, and muscle fatigue and shortness of breath appear as the disease progresses.

Conditions affecting the “commands” of the brain to the muscles

Anxiety

Anxiety can cause muscle weakness. This is due to the increased activity of adrenaline in the body.

Depression

Depression can also cause general fatigue and muscle weakness. Note: anxiety and depression can cause a feeling of fatigue and muscle fatigue, but not true weakness.

Chronic pain

General effects on energy levels may be a result of chronic pain. It stimulates the body to produce chemicals that respond to pain and injury. These chemicals cause you to feel tired or tired.

With chronic pain, a person may experience not only muscle weakness, but also be unable to fully use the muscles due to pain and discomfort.

Muscle damage due to injury

There are many situations in which your muscles can become damaged. The most obvious is injury, dislocation, sprain (during physical activity and sports activities).

A common cause of injury can be an attempt to start doing exercises without proper warm-up and “warming up” the muscles. During a muscle injury, bleeding occurs within the damaged muscle tissue, followed by swelling and inflammation. This makes the muscles weak and painful when they function. Localized pain is the main symptom of a muscle injury, but weakness may also be present.

Medicines

Many medications can cause muscle weakness and muscle damage as a side effect or allergic reaction. It usually starts as fatigue, but can progress if medications are not stopped.

Some antibiotics and anti-inflammatory painkillers can cause a similar effect, and long-term use of oral steroids also causes muscle weakness and exhaustion. There are also a number of less commonly used medications that can cause muscle weakness and muscle damage. These include some heart medications, chemotherapy medications, HIV medications, interferon, and thyroid medications.

Other substances

Long-term alcohol use can cause weakness in the shoulder and hip muscles. Smoking can indirectly weaken muscles. Smoking causes narrowing of the arteries, which leads to peripheral vascular disease. Cocaine. Abuse of this drug causes noticeable muscle weakness, as with other psychoactive substances.

Sleep disorders

Sleep disturbances lead to a feeling of general fatigue, as well as muscle fatigue. Such disorders may include pure insomnia, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, restless leg syndrome, night shift work, and the need to stay awake due to the nightly whims of young children.

Disclaimer : The information presented in this article about muscle weakness is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for consultation with a healthcare professional.

Arm weakness is a limited ability to move the arm due to decreased strength or loss of muscle strength in the arm. Weakness in the arm may occur suddenly or gradually progress over time, and may be associated with muscle weakness in another part of the body. In some cases, arm weakness is accompanied by symptoms such as pain and/or numbness in the arm. If you have weakness in your arm, it may be the result of an injury to your arm or may indicate a medical condition.

Reasons

Four common causes of arm weakness include:

Nerve compression

Nerve compression can occur peripherally or centrally. When we talk about peripheral nerve compression, this means that there is compression of the nerve in the arm itself. Any damage to the peripheral nerve can lead to problems with hand mobility. The patient may have difficulty straightening the arm at the elbow, and may experience symptoms such as burning, arm weakness, numbness, and decreased sensation. In most cases, recovery occurs on its own, although it is a slow process and no special treatment is necessary. However, sometimes surgery may be necessary to remove the fragment that is putting pressure on the nerve.

If we talk about compression of a nerve at the central level, this means that the nerve was compressed at the level of the spine. The spine is made up of small bones (vertebrae) that sit one above the other to form the spinal column. Between the vertebrae there are intervertebral discs - gel-like “pads”, the main functions of which are to absorb pressure on the vertebrae and maintain mobility of the spine. The vertebral arches form the spinal canal - a hollow vertical tube in the center of the spine, inside which are the spinal cord and the spinal nerve roots extending from it. Over time, the structures of the spine begin to wear out and degenerative changes begin. The result of such changes may be the appearance of an intervertebral hernia (protrusion of a fragment of the intervertebral disc into the spinal canal) or osteophytes (overgrowth of the vertebrae). Both of these phenomena can lead to a pinched nerve at the level of the spine. Rarely, a pinched nerve root can be caused by a tumor in the lumen of the spinal canal or an infectious process. Symptoms of a centrally pinched nerve may include pain and loss of mobility in the neck, pain, numbness in the shoulder, and pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm anywhere down to the hand and fingers. To make a correct diagnosis in such cases, it is necessary to conduct a study in which it is possible to obtain high-quality images of the bone and soft tissues of the spine, including nerves, intervertebral discs, vessels, muscles, ligaments and tendons. Treatment for nerve compression at the spinal level is usually conservative and may include various types of medical massage and therapeutic exercises, hirudotherapy, the formation of correct posture and the development of the correct motor stereotype. In rare cases, surgery is necessary to remove the fragment compressing the nerve;

Stroke

A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen and is caused by a ruptured artery or blockage of blood flow to a brain artery. Sudden paralysis or weakness in an arm may be a symptom of a stroke, and treatment may include constraint induced movement therapy. This therapy improves arm mobility by limiting the use of the less affected part of the body, forcing the patient to use the weakened part of the body. Electrical stimulation can also be used to improve sensation and strengthen the hand;

Hand injury

Fractures, muscle and ligament sprains are the most common types of hand injury. The nature and severity of symptoms accompanying an injury can vary significantly depending on the nature and severity of the injury itself. Minor hand injuries are most often caused by overuse of the hand or natural wear and tear of its tissues and structures. Fortunately, most minor injuries heal on their own, and often painkillers and rest are all that is needed to get back to normal and get rid of unpleasant symptoms;

Tendinitis

If pain, numbness and/or weakness in your arm gets worse when you perform repetitive movements during work or sports, you may be suffering from tendinitis, an inflammation of the ligament. If it hurts you to perform grasping movements (grasp an object), and the pain begins in the elbow and then radiates down the arm, perhaps the reason for this is the so-called. tennis elbow. Using anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation. In addition, applying an ice pack to the painful area and resting can give good results;

Other, rare causes of arm weakness include:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

ALS is a type of motor neuron disease that causes the gradual destruction and death of nerve cells. ALS is characterized by the gradual destruction and death of nerve cells that transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle, which leads to symptoms such as weakness in the arm, hand, leg, etc. Over time, all voluntary muscles are affected, and, ultimately, the person loses the ability to breathe without special equipment. Many people with ALS die within 3 to 5 years of the onset of symptoms from respiratory failure;

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS, acute polyradiculoneuritis)

GBS is a disease in which a person's immune system attacks parts of the nervous system, causing symptoms such as weakness and tingling in the legs or feet, which can slowly spread to the upper body, causing weakness in the arms. The intensity of symptoms may increase over time, to the point where the use of some muscles becomes impossible. With severe GBS, a person may become almost completely paralyzed. GBS can be life-threatening because it can potentially interfere with breathing. However, most patients recover well even from severe impairment, although some may continue to have some weakness in certain muscles;

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that affects the voluntary muscles of the body. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles of the arm. A marker of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness, worsening during periods of activity and decreasing during periods of rest. To treat the disease, drugs are used that suppress the production of abnormal antibodies, which helps improve impulse transmission and increase muscle strength;

Polymyositis

Polymyositis is a rare inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness and makes it difficult to perform movements such as lifting objects. The direct cause of polymyositis is unknown, but it has many characteristics similar to autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the body. Although polymyositis cannot be completely cured, treatments (from medications to physical therapy) can improve the strength and function of the affected muscles;

Parsonage-Turner syndrome

Parsonage-Turner syndrome is a rare condition that can be characterized by severe pain in the shoulder and upper arm and development of severe upper arm weakness. A person suffering from this syndrome develops inflammation of the nerves of the shoulder, arm and hand. Parsonage-Turner syndrome is usually treated effectively with a combination of medications and physical therapy. However, in some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat arm weakness;

Monomelic spinal amyotrophy (MA)

MA is characterized by a progressive disease of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. MA manifests itself in weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the limb (arm or leg). The cause of monomelic amyotrophy is unknown, although there are medical studies linking MA to radiation exposure or trauma. Currently, there is no cure for MA, but treatment includes muscle strengthening exercises and hand coordination training.

When should you see a doctor immediately?

If arm weakness is combined with the following symptoms, you should immediately seek medical help:

• disturbance of consciousness, loss of consciousness;
• slurred or incoherent speech;
• high temperature (above 38.5 degrees Celsius);
• paralysis or loss of mobility of a certain part of the body;
• sudden onset of weakness, numbness, or tingling on one side of the body;
• changes in vision, loss of vision;
• severe headache.

Weakness in the arm, if it is not associated with injury or prolonged physical activity, is always a reason to visit a neurologist.

The causes of muscle weakness are many and there is a wide range of conditions that can cause muscle weakness. These can be both well-known diseases and quite rare conditions. Muscle weakness can be reversible and permanent. However, in most cases, muscle weakness can be treated with exercise, physical therapy, and acupuncture.

Muscle weakness is a fairly common complaint, but the word weakness has a wide range of meanings, including fatigue, decreased muscle strength, and the inability of muscles to work at all. There is an even wider range of possible causes.

The term muscle weakness can be used to describe several different conditions.

Primary or true muscle weakness

This muscle weakness manifests itself as the inability to perform a movement that a person wants to perform using the muscles the first time. There is an objective decrease in muscle strength and strength does not increase regardless of effort. That is, the muscle does not work properly - this is abnormal.

When this type of muscle weakness occurs, the muscles appear to have collapsed and become smaller in volume. This can happen, for example, after a stroke. The same visual picture occurs with muscular dystrophy. Both conditions result in weakened muscles that cannot perform normal activities. And this is a real change in muscle strength.

Muscle fatigue

Fatigue is sometimes called asthenia. This is the feeling of tiredness or exhaustion that a person feels when muscles are used. The muscles don't really get weaker, they can still do their job, but doing the muscle work requires more effort. This type of muscle weakness is often seen in people with chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, depression, and chronic heart, lung, and kidney disease. This may be due to a decrease in the rate at which the muscles can receive the required amount of energy.

Muscle fatigue

In some cases, muscle fatigue is basically increased fatigability - the muscle starts to work, but gets tired quickly and takes longer to restore function. Fatigue is often associated with muscle fatigue, but is most noticeable in rare conditions such as myasthenia gravis and myotonic dystrophy.

The difference between these three types of muscle weakness is often not obvious and a patient may have more than one type of weakness. Also, one type of weakness may alternate with another type of weakness. But with a careful approach to diagnosis, the doctor is able to determine the main type of muscle weakness, since certain diseases are characterized by one or another type of muscle weakness.

Main causes of muscle weakness

Lack of adequate physical activity- inactive (sedentary) lifestyle.

Lack of muscle exercise is one of the most common causes of muscle weakness. If the muscles are not used, the muscle fibers in the muscles are partially replaced by fat. And over time, the muscles weaken: the muscles become less dense and more flabby. And although the muscle fibers do not lose their strength, their number decreases and they do not contract as efficiently. And the person feels that they have become smaller in volume. When trying to perform certain movements, fatigue sets in faster. The condition is reversible with reasonable regular exercise. But as we age, this condition becomes more pronounced.

Maximum muscle strength and a short recovery period after exercise are observed at the age of 20-30 years. This is why most great athletes achieve high results at this age. However, strengthening muscles through regular exercise can be done at any age. Many successful long-distance runners were over 40 years of age. Muscle tolerance during a long burst of activity, such as a marathon, remains high longer than during a powerful, short burst of activity, such as a sprint.

It is always good when a person has sufficient physical activity at any age. However, recovery from muscle and tendon injuries occurs more slowly with age. No matter what age a person decides to improve their physical fitness, a reasonable training regimen is important. And it is better to coordinate training with a specialist (instructor or exercise therapy doctor).

Aging

As you age, muscles lose strength and mass and become weaker. While most people accept this as a natural consequence of age - especially if they are older - it is nonetheless often uncomfortable to not be able to do things that were possible at a younger age. However, exercise is still beneficial in old age, and safe exercise can increase muscle strength. But the recovery time after injury is much longer in old age, as involutional changes in metabolism occur and bone fragility increases.

Infections

Infections and diseases are among the most common causes of temporary muscle fatigue. This occurs due to inflammatory processes in the muscles. And sometimes, even if the infectious disease has regressed, the restoration of muscle strength can take a long period of time. Sometimes this can cause chronic fatigue syndrome. Any illness with fever and muscle inflammation can be a trigger for chronic fatigue syndrome. However, some diseases are more likely to cause this syndrome. These include influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, Lyme disease and hepatitis C. Other less common causes are tuberculosis, malaria, syphilis, polio and dengue fever.

Pregnancy

During and immediately after pregnancy, high levels of steroids in the blood, combined with iron deficiency, can cause feelings of muscle fatigue. This is a completely normal muscle reaction to pregnancy; however, certain exercises can and should be done, but significant physical activity should be excluded. In addition, pregnant women often experience lower back pain due to impaired biomechanics.

Chronic diseases

Many chronic diseases cause muscle weakness. In some cases, this is due to a reduction in the flow of blood and nutrients to the muscles.

Peripheral vascular disease is caused by narrowing of the arteries, usually due to cholesterol deposits and is triggered by poor diet and smoking. The blood supply to the muscles decreases, and this becomes especially noticeable during exercise, when the blood flow cannot cope with the needs of the muscles. Pain is often more common in peripheral vascular disease than muscle weakness.

Diabetes - this disease can lead to muscle weakness and loss of fitness. High blood sugar puts muscles at a disadvantage and their functioning is impaired. In addition, as diabetes progresses, a disorder occurs in the structure of the peripheral nerves (polyneuropathy), which in turn impairs the normal innervation of the muscles and leads to muscle weakness. In addition to nerves, diabetes causes damage to the arteries, which also leads to poor blood supply to the muscles and weakness. Heart disease, especially heart failure, can lead to impaired blood supply to the muscles due to a decrease in myocardial contractility and actively working muscles do not receive enough blood (oxygen and nutrients) at the peak of exercise and this can lead to rapid muscle fatigue.

Chronic lung diseases diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lead to a decrease in the body's ability to consume oxygen. Muscles require a rapid supply of oxygen from the blood, especially during physical activity. Decreased oxygen consumption leads to muscle fatigue. Over time, chronic lung disease can lead to muscle wasting, although this mostly occurs in advanced cases when oxygen levels in the blood begin to drop.

Chronic kidney disease can lead to an imbalance of minerals and salts in the body, and may also affect the level of calcium and vitamin D. Kidney disease also causes the accumulation of toxic substances (toxins) in the blood, since impaired excretory function of the kidneys reduces their excretion from the body. These changes can lead to both true muscle weakness and muscle fatigue.

Anemia - this is a lack of red blood cells. There are many causes of anemia, including poor diet, blood loss, pregnancy, genetic diseases, infections and cancer. This reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the muscles so that the muscles contract fully. Anemia often develops quite slowly, so that by the time of diagnosis, muscle weakness and shortness of breath are already noted.

Diseases of the central nervous system

Anxiety: General fatigue can be caused by anxiety. This is due to increased activity of the adrenaline system in the body.

Depression: General fatigue can also be caused by depression.

Anxiety and depression are conditions that tend to cause feelings of tiredness and "fatigue" rather than actual weakness.

Chronic pain - the overall effect on energy levels can lead to muscle weakness. Like anxiety, chronic pain stimulates the body to produce chemicals (hormones) that respond to pain and injury. These chemicals cause you to feel tired or tired. With chronic pain, muscle weakness may also occur as the muscles cannot be used due to pain and discomfort.

Muscle damage due to injury

There are many factors that lead to direct muscle damage. The most obvious are wounds or injuries such as sports injuries, sprains and sprains. Doing exercises without warming up and stretching your muscles is a common cause of muscle damage. With any muscle injury, bleeding occurs from the damaged muscle fibers within the muscle, followed by swelling and inflammation. This makes the muscles less strong and also painful when performing movements. The main symptom is local pain, but later weakness may appear.

Medicines

Many medications can cause muscle weakness and muscle damage as a result of a side effect or allergic reaction. It usually starts as fatigue. But the damage can progress if the medications are not stopped. The most common medications that cause these effects are statins, some antibiotics (including ciprofloxacin and penicillin), and anti-inflammatory painkillers (such as naproxen and diclofenac).

Long-term use of oral steroids also causes muscle weakness and wasting. This is an expected side effect of steroids with long-term use and is why doctors try to shorten the duration of steroid use. Less commonly used medications that can cause muscle weakness and muscle damage include:

• Certain heart medications (eg, amiodarone).
• Chemotherapy drugs.
• Anti-HIV drugs.
• Interferons.
• Medicines used to treat an overactive thyroid gland.

Other substances.

Long-term alcohol use can lead to weakness in the shoulder and thigh muscles.

Smoking can indirectly weaken muscles. Smoking causes narrowing of the arteries, which leads to peripheral vascular disease.

Cocaine abuse causes noticeable muscle weakness, just like other drugs.

Sleep disorders

Problems that disrupt or reduce sleep duration lead to muscle fatigue, muscle fatigue. These disorders may include: insomnia, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, restless leg syndrome, shift work, and having young children who do not sleep at night.

Other causes of muscle weakness

Chronic fatigue syndrome

This condition is sometimes associated with certain viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and influenza, but the genesis of this condition is not fully understood. The muscles are not sore, but they get tired very quickly. Patients often feel that greater effort is required to perform muscle activities that they previously performed easily.

In chronic fatigue syndrome, muscles do not collapse and may have normal strength when tested. This is reassuring as it means that the chances of recovery and full restoration of function are very high. CFS also causes psychological fatigue when performing intellectual activities, for example, prolonged reading and communication also become tiring. Patients may often show signs of depression and sleep disturbances.

Fibromyalgia

This disease resembles chronic fatigue syndrome in its symptoms. However, with fibromyalgia, the muscles become painful to palpation and fatigue very quickly. Fibromyalgia muscles do not shrink and remain strong during formal muscle testing. Patients tend to complain more about pain than fatigue or weakness.

Thyroid dysfunction(hypothyroidism)

In this condition, a lack of thyroid hormones leads to general fatigue. And if hypothyroidism is not treated, muscle degeneration and malnutrition may develop over time. Such changes can be serious and in some cases irreversible. Hypothyroidism is a common disease, but, as a rule, with timely treatment, muscle problems can be avoided.

Lack of fluid in the body (dehydration) and electrolyte imbalance.

Problems with the normal balance of salts in the body, including as a result of dehydration, can cause muscle fatigue. Muscle problems can only be very serious in extreme cases, such as dehydration during a marathon. Muscles perform less well when there is an imbalance of electrolytes in the blood.

Diseases accompanied by muscle inflammation

Inflammatory muscle diseases tend to develop in older people and include polymyalgia, polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Some of these conditions are well treated with steroids (which must be taken for many months before there is any benefit). Unfortunately, steroids themselves can also cause muscle loss and weakness if taken for a long time.

Systemic inflammatory diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis are often the cause of muscle weakness. In a small percentage of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, muscle weakness and fatigue may be the only symptoms of the disease for a significant time.

Oncological diseases

Cancer and other cancers can cause direct muscle damage, but having cancer in any part of the body can also cause general muscle fatigue. In advanced stages of cancer, loss of body weight also leads to true muscle weakness. Muscle weakness is usually not the first sign of cancer and occurs more often in the later stages of cancer.

Neurological conditions leading to muscle damage.

Diseases affecting the nerves usually lead to true muscle weakness. This happens because if the nerve of a muscle fiber stops working fully, the muscle fiber cannot contract and, as a result of lack of movement, the muscle atrophies. Neurological diseases: Muscle weakness can be caused by cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and cerebral hemorrhages or spinal cord injuries. Muscles that become partially or completely paralyzed lose normal strength and eventually atrophy. In some cases, the changes in the muscles are significant and recovery is very slow or function cannot be restored.

Spinal disorders: When nerves are damaged (compressed at the exit of the spine by a herniation, protrusion, or osteophyte), muscle weakness can occur. When a nerve is compressed, conduction disturbances and motor disturbances occur in the area of ​​innervation of the root, and muscle weakness develops only in the muscles innervated by certain nerves that have undergone compression

Other nervous diseases:

Multiple sclerosis is caused by damage to nerves in the brain and spinal cord and can lead to sudden paralysis. In multiple sclerosis, partial restoration of function is possible with adequate treatment.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a post-viral nerve disorder that results in paralysis and muscle weakness or loss of muscle function from fingers to toes. This condition may last for many months, although there is usually complete recovery of function.

Parkinson's disease: is a progressive disease of the central nervous system, both the motor sphere and the intellectual and emotional sphere. It mainly affects people over the age of 60 and in addition to muscle weakness, patients with Parkinson's disease experience tremors and muscle stiffness. They often have difficulty starting and stopping movements, and are often depressed.

Rare causes of muscle weakness

Genetic diseases affecting muscles

Muscular dystrophies- hereditary diseases that affect muscles are quite rare. The best known such disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This disease occurs in children and causes a gradual loss of muscle strength.

Some rare muscular dystrophies may begin in adulthood, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy syndrome. They also cause a gradual loss of muscle strength and often these conditions can lead to disability and wheelchair use.

Sarcoidosis - This is a rare disease in which clumps of cells (granulomas) form in the skin, lungs and soft tissues, including muscles. The condition may resolve on its own after a few years.

Amyloidosis - also a rare disease in which abnormal protein (amyloid) accumulates (deposits) throughout the body, including in the muscles and kidneys.

Other rare causes: Direct muscle damage can occur in rare inherited metabolic diseases. Examples include: glycogen storage diseases and, even more rarely, mitochondrial diseases, which occur when the energy systems inside muscle cells don't work properly.

Myotonic dystrophy - This is a rare genetic muscle disorder that causes muscles to fatigue quickly. Myotonic dystrophy is passed on from generation to generation, and, as a rule, with each subsequent generation the manifestations of the disease become more pronounced.

Motor neuron disease is a progressive nerve disease that affects all parts of the body. Most forms of motor neuron disease begin in the distal extremities, gradually affecting all muscles of the body. The disease progresses over months or years and patients rapidly develop severe muscle weakness and muscle wasting.

Motor neurone disease most often affects men over 50, but there have been many notable exceptions to this rule, including renowned astrophysicist Stephen Hawking. There are many different forms of motor neuron disease, but no successful treatment has yet been developed.

Myasthenia gravis: - This is a rare muscle disease in which the muscles quickly fatigue and require a long time to restore contractile function. The impairment of muscle function can be so severe that patients cannot even keep their eyelids open and speech becomes slurred.

Poisons - toxic substances also often cause muscle weakness and paralysis due to their effects on nerves. Examples are phosphates and botulinum toxin. If exposed to phosphates, weakness and paralysis may be permanent.

Addison's disease

Addison's disease is a rare disease characterized by hypoactive adrenal glands, which leads to a lack of steroids in the blood and an imbalance of blood electrolytes. The disease usually develops gradually. Patients may notice changes in skin color (tanning) due to skin pigmentation. There may be weight loss. Muscle fatigue can be mild and is often an early symptom. The disease is often difficult to diagnose and special examinations are required to diagnose this disease. Other rare hormonal causes of muscle weakness include acromegaly (excessive production of growth hormone), an underactive pituitary gland (hypopituitarism), and severe vitamin D deficiency.

Diagnosis of muscle weakness and treatment

If you have muscle weakness, you should consult a doctor, who will primarily be interested in answers to the following questions:

• How did muscle weakness appear and when?
• Is there a dynamic of muscle weakness, both increasing and decreasing?
• Has there been a change in your overall health, weight loss or have you recently traveled abroad?
• What medications is the patient taking and has anyone in the patient's family had muscle problems?

The doctor will also need to examine the patient to determine which muscles are affected by weakness and whether the patient has true or suspected muscle weakness. The doctor will check to see if there are signs that the muscles feel softer to the touch (which may be a sign of inflammation) or if the muscles tire too quickly.

The doctor should then perform a nerve conduction test to determine if there is any abnormality in the conduction from the nerves to the muscles. In addition, the doctor may need to test the central nervous system, including balance and coordination, and may order laboratory tests to determine changes in hormone levels, electrolytes, and other parameters.

If this does not allow you to determine the cause of muscle weakness, then other diagnostic methods may be prescribed:

• Neurophysiological studies (ENMG, EMG).
• Muscle biopsy to determine the presence of morphological changes in the muscles
• Tissue scanning using CT (MSCT) or MRI in areas of the body that may affect muscle strength and function.

The combination of medical history data, symptoms, objective examination data and the results of laboratory and instrumental research methods allows, in most cases, to find out the true cause of muscle weakness and determine the necessary treatment tactics. Depending on the genesis of muscle weakness (infectious, traumatic, neurological, metabolic drug, etc.), treatment should be pathogenetic. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical.

Panina Valentina Viktorovna

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May everything be as good in your soul as I am now, despite all the problems...

Be!!! We're happy! Your Panina V.V.

[~PREVIEW_TEXT] =>

I found out about you on the Internet - I urgently need an MRI.

And after the performance I’m with you. I really liked your staff. Thank you for your attention, kindness and accuracy.

May everything be as good in your soul as I am now, despite all the problems...

Be!!! We're happy! Your Panina V.V.

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I found out about you on the Internet - I urgently need an MRI.

And after the performance I’m with you. I really liked your staff. Thank you for your attention, kindness and accuracy.

May everything be as good in your soul as I am now, despite all the problems...

Be!!! We're happy! Your Panina V.V.

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Sergey Shnurov

Russian rock musician, film actor, TV presenter and artist.

Ts.M.R.T. "Petrogradsky" thank you!

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Thank you very much for such good, professional service in your clinic. Nice, comfortable! Great people, great conditions.

Open review scan

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Rusanova

Open review scan

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Everything is very competent, very friendly service. I will recommend this clinic to my friends. Good luck!!!

Open review scan

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Kuznetsov V.A.

Open review scan

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Khrabrova V.E.

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Thank you very much for the consultation and examination... She was very polite, accessible and explained the process and result in detail.

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Almost every person sooner or later experiences a feeling of muscle fatigue as a result of various reasons. In medicine, this phenomenon is called myalgia, and it is not a terrible disease, although it brings discomfort. There are several types of muscle pain, depending on the reason why it occurs.

Why do muscles hurt?

Pain in muscle tissue can occur both during physical activity and at rest. After exercise, in principle, muscle pain is a completely normal state of the body that does not require special treatment and does not cause a feeling of anxiety. If pain occurs without a specific clear reason, then you should consult a specialist to find out the exact diagnosis. Muscle weakness can be caused by a number of different circumstances, as described below.

1. Injuries and fractures- main factors of muscle pain. With injuries to soft or osteochondral tissues, pain is a response. As a rule, with such factors, the doctor prescribes a remedy that will relieve muscle tension and soothe pain.
, in which the muscle mass is under tension. During this period, lactic acid accumulates in the muscles, and the greater the load, the more acid is formed in the muscle. After the muscle structures begin to relax, the acid irritates the nerve endings and an uncomfortable sensation occurs. In this case, a glass of water with a pinch of soda will help reduce pain resulting from tension.
2. Stress. With moral distress and stress, a feeling of discomfort appears in the muscles. Most often, pain in the ligaments occurs at night and in the morning. In science, this phenomenon is called fibromyalgia - a form of myalgia. Most often it constrains the cervical spine, knees and lower back.
3. Incorrect posture. As a result of incorrect posture, deformation of osteochondral tissues occurs, which automatically “pulls” the muscles along with them. As a result, a burning sensation occurs along the muscle fibers.
4. Chronic diseases of osteochondral tissues and blood vessels:

• arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis are the first causes that cause muscle pain and a constant feeling of fatigue. The destruction of bone tissue entails deformation in muscle and soft tissues;
• flat feet is a problem in which the feet become flat and this significantly complicates the process of walking. In this case, muscle pain may occur in the legs from the foot to the knee;
• thrombophlebitis and varicose veins are vascular diseases in which venous elasticity is impaired and blood blockages occur. Inflamed veins, as a rule, “pop” out and cause severe pain. There may be a burning sensation and severe muscle discomfort along the entire length of the affected vein;
• Neuralgia also often causes muscle fatigue. Seizures resulting from disruption of the peripheral nervous system cause severe weakness. At rest, the muscles do not hurt. In this case, you should not take painkillers, since you need to overcome neuralgic symptoms and muscle fatigue will go away on its own;
• Obesity is a common cause of muscle fatigue. The fact is that an obese figure and large body mass are a constant burden on the physical condition of the body. When walking, your legs, back, and neck often hurt, and aching pain occurs in the muscles in these areas. With this disease, myalgia does not go away on its own, since the muscles are under constant stress. There are two options here - either lose weight or take pharmaceutical drugs that can relieve pain in the muscles.

1. Pain during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a strong physical and mental stress on the body, and the occurrence of muscle discomfort in this position is normal for all women who are expecting a child. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate and take medications without consulting a doctor.

The feeling of muscle fatigue can be an independent phenomenon or a symptom of a serious illness. After exertion and excessive stress, the so-called “krepatura” or muscle pain syndrome occurs. Under normal conditions, it goes away in a few days without outside intervention. If a person experiences muscle pain and weakness for no particular reason, this is a reason to worry and contact a specialist.

Important! Muscle fatigue cannot be ignored, as it may be a sign of a serious illness.

Drugs for muscle pain

Before you begin to deal with muscle pain, it is important to understand the cause of its occurrence. If the feeling of muscle fatigue occurs as a result of muscle overstrain due to physical activity, you can use external pharmaceutical preparations:

• anesthetics such as Menovazin or Novocaine;
• warming or cooling ointments based on medicinal plants and animal products - bee venom, snake venom, chondroitin, mink oil;
• cooling medicines based on mint, camphor or lemon balm.

If muscle fatigue occurs as a result of injury or fracture, then it is better to use painkillers taken orally. Before taking such medications, it is better to consult a doctor.

Traditional medicine against myalgia

In addition to medications, there are a number of folk recipes that can relax muscles, eliminate heaviness in various parts of the body and tone muscle mass. Examples of the most effective recipes that help with pain in different parts of the body, even in the heart muscle, are described below.

1. For frequent muscle fatigue associated with excess weight or constant physical activity, you can use this home remedy: for 3 teaspoons of dry crushed bay leaves, you need 1 spoon of dried juniper. 6 teaspoons of fat of vegetable or animal origin are added to the resulting herbal mixture. The gruel must be stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained and the affected areas should be treated overnight. Plants have a relaxing and soothing property that will relieve pain and fatigue in muscles for several hours.
2. Natural honey, mixed in equal proportions with chopped black radish, will perfectly relieve muscle fatigue if a compress is applied to the sore limb, neck or lower back. Perfectly helps with fatigue during pregnancy, after training or heavy physical labor.
3. For chronic muscle weakness, the following remedy will help perfectly: 25 grams of dried barberry bark should be poured with a glass of alcohol and left for a week in a dark, cool place. Take the prepared infusion orally before meals 3 times a day, 30 drops of the product.

Important! Before using any traditional medicine, it is important to make sure there are no contraindications or allergic reactions.

Preventing the feeling of muscle fatigue

In order not to feel tired and weak in the muscles after small physical exertion, it is necessary to gradually strengthen them. To do this, you need to perform a small set of exercises every day. Also, do not forget about healthy eating. In order for muscles to be strong and healthy, it is necessary to include vitamins, minerals, protein, and iron in the diet. The daily menu must include dairy products rich in calcium, meat and fish containing phosphorus and protein. Fresh vegetables, berries and fruits are a 100% source of nutrients not only for muscle mass, but also for the entire body as a whole.

Chronic diseases of the heart and blood vessels are one of the most popular causes of fatigue. In this case, it is recommended to take special medications that strengthen the heart muscle, thin the blood and improve its circulation.

In conclusion, I would like to note that there are many reasons for muscle fatigue. Fatigue and weakness may appear after physical activity, as a result of illness or stress. For chronic muscle weakness, it is necessary to visit a doctor to identify the true cause of muscle pain.

It is worth separately noting bad habits and their effect on the muscles of the body. When drinking alcohol or smoking, blood vessels narrow, which significantly weakens the muscles. When using tranquilizers or narcotic substances, a person may feel tired all the time.